Patent Application
20090232665
This application is based on Japanese Patent Applications No. 2008-062142 filed on Mar. 12, 2008, No. 2008-062143 filed on Mar. 12, 2008, No. 2008-135077 filed on May 23, 2008, No. 2008-135076 filed on May 23, 2008, and No. 2009-010645 filed on Jan. 21, 2009, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates to an ejector configured to draw a fluid by a jet flow of a high-speed fluid jetted from a nozzle. For example, the ejector can be suitably used for a refrigeration cycle device.
Conventionally, an ejector is known, which includes a nozzle for decompressing and expanding a high-pressure fluid, and is configured to draw a fluid from a fluid suction port by a suction action of a jet flow of a high-speed fluid jetted from the nozzle. In the ejector, the jet fluid from the nozzle and the suction fluid from the fluid suction port are mixed in a mixing portion, and the pressure of the mixed fluid is increased in a diffuser portion by converting the kinetic energy of the mixed fluid to the pressure energy of the mixed fluid. Therefore, the pressure of the fluid flowing out of the outlet of the ejector is increased more than the pressure of the suction fluid.
In an ejector described in JP 2004-340136A (corresponding to US 2004/0206111 A1), a passage sectional area at an inlet side of a suction passage through which a suction fluid introduced from a fluid suction port flows into a mixing portion of the ejector is set equal to or larger than a passage sectional area of the fluid suction port. Therefore, the pressure loss, caused when the suction fluid is drawn from the fluid suction port, can be reduced, and the flow amount of the suction fluid flowing from the fluid suction port can be increased, thereby improving ejector efficiency ηe that is an energy converting efficiency in the ejector.
In an ejector for a refrigeration cycle device described in JP 2003-14318A (corresponding to US 2002/0000095A1), an expanding angle of a passage wall surface of a diffuser portion is suitably set in an axial section including the center axial of a nozzle so that a pressurizing amount in the diffuser portion is increased, thereby improving the ejector efficiency ηe.
In another ejector described in JP 2004-116807A, a passage wall surface of a diffuser portion is formed into a smoothly covered line in an axial section including the center axial of a nozzle so that an energy loss such as a scroll flow loss in the diffuser portion can be restricted, thereby improving the ejector efficiency ηe.
The ejector efficiency ηe is defined as in the following formula (F1).
e=(1+Ge/Gnoz)×(ΔP/ρ)/Δi (F1)
Here, Ge is the flow amount of the suction fluid, Gnoz is the flow amount of the jet fluid, ΔP is the pressurizing amount in the diffuser portion, ρ is the density of the suction fluid, and Δi is the enthalpy difference between the inlet and the outlet of the nozzle.
However, JP 2004-340136A does not describe regarding the pressure loss on a downstream side in the suction passage downstream of the fluid suction port. If the pressure loss in the suction passage changes, the flow amount of the suction fluid or the flow velocity of the fluid flowing into the mixing portion through the suction passage is changed. In addition, when the fluid flowing through the mixing portion and the diffuser portion is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, the inertial force becomes different in the gas fluid and the liquid fluid due to the density difference between the gas fluid and the liquid fluid, and thereby it is difficult to uniformly mix the jet fluid and the suction fluid in the mixing portion of the ejector.
Thus, in the diffuser portion of the ejector, the kinetic energy of the fluid is converted to the pressure energy in an inhomogeneous state, and thereby the ejector efficiency ηe cannot be sufficiently improved. Here, the inhomogeneous state means a state other than a homogeneous state that includes a complete gas state, a complete liquid state and a homogeneously mixed state in which the gas fluid and the liquid fluid are homogeneously mixed with approximately the same flow velocity. In an example of the inhomogeneously mixed sate of the gas fluid and the liquid fluid, the flow velocity of the gas fluid is different from the flow velocity of the liquid fluid.
Furthermore, in JP 2003-14318A or JP 2004-116807A, the ejector is configured to improve the ejector efficiency ηe, in a case where the fluid of the homogeneous state passes through the mixing portion and the diffuser portion of the ejector. Actually, it is difficult for the gas-liquid two-phase fluid passing through the mixing portion and the diffuser portion of the ejector to be in the homogeneous state. Accordingly, when gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant passes through the mixing portion and the diffuser portion in the ejector, it is difficult to sufficiently improve the ejector efficiency ηe.
In view of the foregoing problems, it is an object of the present invention to sufficiently improve the ejector efficiency ηe in an ejector having a mixing and pressurizing portion in which the kinetic energy of a gas-liquid two-phase fluid is converted to the pressure energy thereof.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an ejector provided with a suction passage which is configured to improve the ejector efficiency ηe.
The following aspects of the present invention are devised by the inventors of the present application based on the following experiments and studies. An ejector recovers the energy lost in decompression and expansion by decompressing and expanding a fluid in iso-entropy at a nozzle, and converts the recovered energy (recovery energy) to the pressure energy, so as to improve the ejector efficiency ηe.
If it is possible for all the recovery energy to be converted to the pressure energy, the ejector efficiency ηe will be made maximum. The inventors of the present application examined and studied in detail regarding the recovery energy used actually in the ejector. That is, the energy capable of being used for pressurizing the fluid, among the recovery energy, is studied.
The energy transmission loss E3 includes the energy transmission loss caused by transmitting the kinetic energy of the liquid fluid to the gas fluid, while the liquid fluid and the gas refrigerant pass through the diffuser portion of the ejector, for example. As shown in
The inventors of the present application studied regarding the reduction of the energy transmission loss E3 between the gas fluid and the liquid fluid. When the energy transmission loss E3 between the gas fluid and the liquid fluid is reduced and is used for the pressurizing, the ejector efficiency ηe can be effectively improved. Thus, the inventors performed experiments for effectively transmitting energy from the liquid fluid having a high flow velocity than that of the gas fluid, to the gas fluid.
In a case of a free fall rigid body, the flow velocity in a vertical downward direction is increased by acceleration of gravity. Then, the flow velocity of the free fall rigid body is reached to a certain terminal velocity in accordance with a balance with resistance received from the circumference air.
That is, the flow velocity of the free fall rigid body is not increased more than the terminal velocity after reaching the terminal velocity. Therefore, the flow velocity of the free fall rigid body becomes maximum when reaching to the terminal velocity. It means that the kinetic energy of the rigid body can be rapidly transmitted to the circumference air when the rigid body rapidly reaches to the terminal velocity. In
The upper part of
The grains of the liquid fluid flowing into the mixing portion are accelerated together with the circumference gas fluid, and then the flow velocity of the grains of the liquid fluid becomes equal to the flow velocity of the gas fluid. After the flow velocity of the grains of the liquid fluid becomes equal to the flow velocity of the gas fluid, the flow velocity of the liquid fluid is not more accelerated, and reaches to the terminal velocity.
The flow velocity of the grain of the liquid fluid after reaching to the terminal velocity is reduced while applying a force corresponding to the resistance force to the circumferential gas fluid as a reaction force. At this time, the kinetic amount is transmitted from the grains of the liquid fluid to the gas fluid, and the total value of impulses applied from the grains of the liquid fluid to the gas fluid becomes the pressurizing amount (pressure energy) of the gas fluid.
Accordingly, if the grains of the liquid fluid flowing into the mixing portion of the ejector are rapidly reached to the terminal velocity, the kinetic energy included in the liquid fluid can be rapidly transmitted to the gas fluid. Thus, after the flow velocity of the liquid fluid reaches to the terminal velocity, the kinetic energy of the liquid fluid can be effectively transmitted to the gas fluid. Furthermore, when the terminal velocity itself of the grains of the liquid fluid is increased, the pressurizing amount of the gas fluid can be increased, thereby improving the ejector efficiency ηe.
In
According to an aspect of the present invention, an ejector includes a nozzle configured to decompress and expand a fluid in any one state of a gas-liquid two-phase state, a liquid state and a super-critical state, and a body portion in which the nozzle is disposed. The body portion has a fluid suction port from which a fluid is drawn by a jet flow of the fluid jetted from a jet port of the nozzle, and a mixing and pressurizing portion in which the fluid jetted from the jet port of the nozzle and the fluid drawn from the fluid suction port are mixed and kinetic energy of the mixed fluid in a gas-liquid two-phase state is converted to pressure energy thereof. The ejector is provided with a suction passage through which the fluid drawn from the fluid suction port flows into an inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion, and a fluid passage area of the suction passage is configured to be changed such that the fluid drawn from the fluid suction port is decompressed in the suction passage substantially in iso-entropy.
Accordingly, the energy loss while the suction fluid passes through the suction passage can be reduced. Thus, the flow velocity of the fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion from the suction passage can be increased, thereby increasing the flow velocity of the gas fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion. As a result, the terminal velocity of grains of the liquid fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion can be increased, and the pressurizing amount in the gas fluid can be increased in the ejector even when the kinetic energy of the gas-liquid two-phase fluid is converted to the pressure energy thereof in the mixing and pressurizing portion. Therefore, the ejector efficiency can be effectively improved.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an ejector includes a nozzle configured to decompress and expand a fluid in any one state of a gas-liquid two-phase state, a liquid state and a super-critical state, and a body portion in which the nozzle is disposed. The body portion has a fluid suction port from which a fluid is drawn by a jet flow of the fluid jetted from a jet port of the nozzle, and a mixing and pressurizing portion in which the fluid jetted from the jet port of the nozzle and the fluid drawn from the fluid suction port are mixed and kinetic energy of the mixed fluid in a gas-liquid two-phase state is converted to pressure energy thereof. The ejector is provided with a suction passage through which the fluid drawn from the fluid suction port flows into an inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion. In the ejector, a fluid passage area of the suction passage is configured to be changed such that a flow velocity of the fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion from the suction passage is substantially equal to a flow velocity of the fluid flowing from the jet port of the nozzle into the mixing and pressurizing portion. As a result, the terminal velocity of grains of the liquid fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion can be increased, and the pressurizing amount in the gas fluid can be increased in the ejector even when the kinetic energy of the gas-liquid two-phase fluid is converted to the pressure energy thereof in the mixing and pressurizing portion. Therefore, the ejector efficiency can be effectively improved. Here, the meaning of “substantially equal” includes that the flow velocity of the fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion from the suction passage completely corresponds to or slightly different from the flow velocity of the fluid flowing from the jet port of the nozzle into the mixing and pressurizing portion.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an ejector includes a nozzle configured to decompress and expand a fluid in any one state of a gas-liquid two-phase state, a liquid state and a super-critical state, and a body portion in which the nozzle is disposed. The body portion has a fluid suction port from which a fluid is drawn by a jet flow of the fluid jetted from a jet port of the nozzle, and a mixing and pressurizing portion in which the fluid jetted from the jet port of the nozzle and the fluid drawn from the fluid suction port are mixed and kinetic energy of the mixed fluid in a gas-liquid two-phase state is converted to pressure energy thereof. The ejector is provided with a suction passage through which the fluid drawn from the fluid suction port flows into an inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion. Furthermore, a fluid passage area of the suction passage is configured to be changed such that a flow velocity of the fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion from the suction passage is equal to or larger than a sound velocity. As a result, the terminal velocity of grains of the liquid fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion can be increased, and the pressurizing amount in the gas fluid can be increased in the ejector even when the kinetic energy of the gas-liquid two-phase fluid is converted to the pressure energy thereof in the mixing and pressurizing portion.
In any one aspect of the present invention, the fluid passage area of the suction passage may be gradually reduced toward downstream in a flow direction of the fluid flowing in the suction passage. In this case, a reduce degree of the fluid passage area at an inlet side of the suction passage may be larger than a reduce degree of the fluid passage area at an outlet side of the suction passage.
Alternatively, the fluid passage area of the suction passage at an inlet side of the suction passage may be gradually reduced toward downstream in the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the suction passage, and the fluid passage area of the suction passage at an outlet side of the suction passage may be gradually increased toward downstream in the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the suction passage.
The suction passage may be provided between an outer peripheral surface of the nozzle and an inner peripheral surface of the body portion, or may be configured by another nozzle to be provided therein. Alternatively, the nozzle and the suction passage may be configured, such that an enthalpy difference (ΔH) between enthalpy of the fluid at an inlet of the nozzle and enthalpy of the fluid at the jet port of the nozzle is equal to or larger than an enthalpy difference (Δh) between enthalpy of the fluid at the inlet of the suction passage and enthalpy of the fluid at the outlet of the suction passage.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an ejector includes a nozzle configured to decompress and expand a fluid in any one state of a gas-liquid two-phase state, a liquid state and a super-critical state, and a body portion in which the nozzle is disposed. The body portion has a fluid suction port from which a fluid is drawn by a jet flow of the fluid jetted from a jet port of the nozzle, and a mixing and pressurizing portion in which the fluid jetted from the jet port of the nozzle and the fluid drawn from the fluid suction port are mixed and kinetic energy of the mixed fluid in a gas-liquid two-phase state is converted to pressure energy thereof. The mixing and pressurizing portion is configured by a straight portion extending from the inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion in a range, and an expanding portion extending from a downstream end of the straight portion to the outlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion. The straight portion is cylindrical passage having a constant passage area in its entire range, and the expending portion is configured such that a passage sectional area of the expanding portion is gradually increased toward downstream in a flow direction of the fluid. As a result, the terminal velocity of grains of the liquid fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion can be increased, and the pressurizing amount in the gas fluid can be increased in the ejector even when the kinetic energy of the gas-liquid two-phase fluid is converted to the pressure energy thereof in the mixing and pressurizing portion.
For example, the range of the straight portion may be set such that the flow velocities of gas fluid and liquid fluid within the fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion become equal to each other in the range. Alternatively, when a length of the straight portion in an axial direction of the nozzle is L1 and a length from the inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion to the outlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion in the axial direction is L2, the mixing and pressurizing portion is configured such that 0<L1/L2≦0.4. Furthermore, the mixing and pressurizing portion may be configured such that the fluid is pressurized in iso-entropy in the mixing and pressurizing portion.
In the ejector, a sectional shape of a wall surface of the expanding portion in a section including an axial line of the nozzle may be a straight line or a curved line. Alternatively, the sectional shape of the wall surface of the expanding portion in a section including the axial line of the nozzle may be formed by combining plural straight lines or may be formed by combining at least a straight line and a curved line. Alternatively, an expanding degree of the expanding portion at an inlet side of the expanding portion may be larger than an expanding degree of the expanding portion at an outlet side of the expanding portion.
Additional objects and advantages of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments when taken together with the accompanying drawings. In which:
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
In the refrigeration cycle device 10, a compressor 11 is configured to draw refrigerant, to compress the drawn refrigerant, and to discharge the compressed high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant. The compressor 11 is driven and rotated by a vehicle engine (not shown) via an electromagnetic clutch and a belt, or the like, as an example.
The compressor 11 may be a variable displacement compressor in which a discharge capacity of the refrigerant can be continuously adjustable, or may be a fixed displacement compressor in which the discharge capacity of the refrigerant can be adjusted by changing a compressor operation ratio. For example, in the fixed displacement compressor, the compressor operation ratio is changed by interruption of the electromagnetic clutch. Alternatively, an electrical compressor may be used as the compressor 11 such that the refrigerant discharge capacity of the compressor 11 can be adjusted by adjusting a rotation speed of an electrical motor.
A refrigerant radiator 12 used as a heat exchanger for heat radiation such as a refrigerant cooler is disposed at a refrigerant discharge side of the compressor 11. The radiator 12 is configured to perform a heat exchange between the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 and outside air (i.e., air outside a vehicle compartment) blown by a blower fan 12a, thereby cooling the high-pressure refrigerant in the radiator 12.
As the refrigerant used in a refrigerant cycle of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 10, a Freon-based refrigerant such as HFC134a may be used so that a refrigerant pressure on a high-pressure side in the refrigerant cycle does not excess the critical pressure of the refrigerant. In this case, the radiator 12 is used as a condenser in which the refrigerant is cooled and condensed therein.
A receiver 12b is located at a refrigerant outlet side of the radiator 12. The receiver 12b is a gas-liquid separator with a vertically elongated tank. The receiver 12b is configured to separate the refrigerant flowing therein into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant, and to store therein surplus liquid refrigerant in the refrigerant cycle. The receiver 12b has a liquid refrigerant outlet at a lower side of the tank so that the liquid refrigerant flows out of the receiver 12 from the liquid refrigerant outlet. As an example of the present embodiment, the receiver 12b is formed integrally with the radiator 12, as shown in
A branch portion 13 is connected to the liquid refrigerant outlet of the receiver 12b, and is configured to divide the liquid refrigerant from the receiver 12b into two streams. For example, the branch portion 13 is a three-way joint member having one refrigerant inlet and first and second refrigerant outlets. The three-way joint member used as the branch portion 13 may be configured by bonding pipes having different pipe diameters, or may be configured by providing plural refrigerant passages in a metal block member or a resin block member.
One of the refrigerant streams branched at the branch portion 13 flows into a first refrigerant passage 14a (nozzle-side refrigerant passage), and the other one of the refrigerant streams branched at the branch portion 13 flows into a second refrigerant passage 14b (suction-side refrigerant passage). One end of the first refrigerant passage 14a is connected to the first refrigerant outlet of the branch portion 13, and the other end of the first refrigerant passage 14a is connected to an inlet of a nozzle 16a of the ejector 16, so that one of the refrigerant streams branched at the branch portion 13 flows into the nozzle 16a through the first refrigerant passage 14a. One end of the second refrigerant passage 14b is connected to the second refrigerant outlet of the branch portion 13, and the other end of the second refrigerant passage 14b is connected to a refrigerant suction port 16d of the ejector 16, so that the other one of the refrigerant streams branched at the branch portion 13 flows into the refrigerant suction port 16d through the second refrigerant passage 14b.
An expansion valve 15 is located in the first refrigerant passage 14a at an upstream side of the nozzle 16a of the ejector 16 in a refrigerant flow of the first refrigerant passage 14a. The expansion valve 15 is used as a decompression portion configured to decompress high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing from the receiver 12b into the first refrigerant passage 14a to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state having a middle pressure. The expansion valve 15 is also used as a flow amount adjusting portion for adjusting a flow amount of the refrigerant flowing into the nozzle 16a.
In the present embodiment, the expansion valve 15 is a thermal expansion valve having a temperature sensing portion 15a that is located at a refrigerant suction passage of the compressor 11 so as to detect a super-heat degree of the refrigerant to be drawn into a refrigerant suction side of the compressor 11. In this embodiment, the refrigerant on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 11 corresponds to the refrigerant at a refrigerant outlet side of a first evaporator 17. That is, the temperature sensing portion 15a detects the super-heat degree of the refrigerant at a refrigerant outlet side of the first evaporator 17 based on at least one of temperature and pressure of the refrigerant at the refrigerant outlet side of the first evaporator 17, and a valve open degree of the expansion valve 15 is adjusted using a mechanical mechanism or an electrical mechanism so that the super-heat degree of the refrigerant at the refrigerant outlet of the first evaporator 17 is approached to a predetermined value. Thus, the flow amount of the refrigerant flowing to downstream of the expansion valve 15 can be adjusted.
The other throttle structure or decompression device may be used instead of the thermal expansion valve 15. For example, a decompression device such as an electrical variable throttle device or a fixed throttle device, or the other type expansion valve may be used instead of the thermal expansion device 15.
The elector 16 is located at a refrigerant outlet side of the expansion valve 15. The ejector 14 is adapted as a decompression portion for further decompressing the refrigerant flowing from the expansion valve 15, and as a refrigerant circulation portion for circulating the refrigerant by the suction action of a high-speed refrigerant flow jetted from the nozzle 16a. The structure of the ejector 16 will be now described with reference to
As shown in
A refrigerant jet port 16c, from which the refrigerant is jetted from the nozzle 16a, is formed at a tip end of the taper end portion of the nozzle 16a. The nozzle 16a is disposed in the body portion 16b and is attached into the body portion 16b such that the refrigerant is prevented from being leaked from a fixing portion of the nozzle 16a and the body portion 16b. For example, the nozzle 16a may be air-tightly fitted into the body portion 16b, or may be air-tightly bonded to the body portion 16b by using a bonding means such as welding, pressing or brazing, or the like.
For example, the nozzle 16a may be a Laval nozzle having a throat portion at which the passage sectional area becomes smallest within the refrigerant passage inside of the nozzle 16a. The nozzle 16a is configured such that the flow velocity of the refrigerant jetted from the refrigerant jet port 16c of the nozzle 16a becomes equal to or larger than the sound velocity. Alternatively, the nozzle 16a may be configured by a taper nozzle so that the flow velocity of the refrigerant jetted from the refrigerant jet port 16c of the nozzle 16a becomes equal to or larger than the sound velocity.
The body portion 16b can be made of a metal, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or may be made of a material other than the metal such as resin. The body portion 16b is provided with the refrigerant suction port 16b penetrating through the interior and the exterior of the body portion 16b in a radial direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the nozzle 16a. The refrigerant suction port 16b is open in the body portion 16b at a portion radially outside of the nozzle 16a. The body portion 16b has therein a mixing and pressurizing portion 16e extending in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) from a position of the refrigerant jet port 16c to the refrigerant outlet (downstream end).
The refrigerant suction port 16d is coupled to a refrigerant outlet side of a second evaporator 19 so that the refrigerant from the second evaporator 19 is drawn into the suction passage 16i from the refrigerant suction port 16d. The refrigerant suction port 16d is provided at an outer peripheral side of the nozzle 16a, and communicates with a space at the refrigerant jet port 16c within the body portion 16b through the suction passage 16i.
An inlet space, into which refrigerant from the refrigerant suction port 16d flows, is provided within the body portion 16b around the refrigerant suction port 16d, and the suction passage 16i is provided between the outer wall surface of the taper end portion of the nozzle 16a and an inner wall surface of the body portion 16b. Therefore, the refrigerant flowing from the refrigerant suction port 16d into the inlet space of the body portion 16b is introduced into an inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e via the suction passage 16i. Here, the inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e in the body portion 16b substantially corresponds to the position of the refrigerant jet port 16c of the nozzle 16a in the axial direction.
Specifically, as shown by the solid-line graph of
In the present embodiment, the passage sectional area of the suction passage 16i is changed as described above so that the flow velocity of the refrigerant passing through the suction passage 16i becomes equal to or greater than the sound velocity. Thus, the flow velocity of the suction refrigerant flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e from the suction passage 16i can be made approximately equal to the flow velocity of the jet flow jetted from the jet port 16c of the nozzle 16a into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e. Accordingly, it is possible for the suction refrigerant can be decompressed in iso-entropy in the suction passage 16i.
As shown in
The mixing and pressurizing portion 16e is configured by a straight portion 16g from the inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e to a predetermined range, and an expanding portion 16h from the downstream side of the straight portion 16g to the outlet of the ejector 16. The straight portion 16g of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e is a cylindrical passage having a constant passage sectional area. The expanding portion 16h is gradually enlarged in the passage sectional area from its inlet toward downstream.
The straight portion 16g is provided in a range from the inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, such that the flow velocity of the gas refrigerant and the flow velocity of the liquid refrigerant in the refrigerant flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e become approximately equal to each other in the straight portion 16e. When the length of the straight portion 16g in the axial direction of the nozzle 16a is L1 and when the length of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e in the axial direction of the nozzle 16a is L2, a ratio L1/L2 is set about 0.2, as an example.
The refrigerant passage shape of the expanding portion 16h in the section including the center line (axial line) is changed in a smoothly curved line as shown in
As shown in
Thus, the energy loss of the refrigerant while passing through the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be reduced, and the energy loss of the refrigerant when flowing out of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be reduced.
As shown in
The blower fan 17a may be an electrical blower in which a fan rotation speed is controlled by a control voltage output from an air conditioning controller (not shown) so as to control an air blowing amount. A refrigerant outlet of the first evaporator 17 is coupled to the refrigerant suction port of the compressor 11.
In contrast, the second passage 14b has the one end branched from the first passage 14a at the branch portion 13, and the other end connected to the refrigerant suction port 16d of the ejector 16. A throttle unit 18 and the second evaporator 19 are located in the second passage 14b between the branch portion 13 and the refrigerant suction port 16d of the ejector 16. The throttle unit 18 is configured to function as a decompression means for decompressing the refrigerant flowing into the second evaporator 19 via the second passage 14b as well as a flow amount adjusting means for adjusting a flow amount of the refrigerant flowing into the second evaporator 19. As the throttle unit 18, a fixed throttle such as a capillary tube an orifice or the like may be used, or a variable throttle may be used.
The second evaporator 19 is located in the second passage 14b at a downstream side of the throttle unit 18, so that the refrigerant decompressed in the throttle unit 18 flows into the second evaporator 19. The second evaporator 19 is a heat exchanger, in which the refrigerant flowing out of the throttle unit 18 is heat-exchanged with air blown by a blower fan 19a, and is evaporated by absorbing heat from air passing through the second evaporator 19. The blower fan 19a may be an electrical blower, similarly to the blower fan 17a.
The high-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the radiator 12 flows into the receiver 12b, and is separated into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant. The separated liquid refrigerant flowing out of the receiver 12b flows into the branch portion 13 (from point 202 to point 203 in
A flow amount ratio Ge/Gnoz of the flow amount Ge of the refrigerant flowing through the second passage 14b to the flow amount Gnoz of the refrigerant flowing through the first passage 14a is determined based on flow characteristics (decompression characteristics) of the expansion valve 15, the nozzle 16a of the ejector 16 and the throttle unit 18.
The refrigerant flowing into the expansion valve 15 through the branched first passage 14a is decompressed and expanded in the expansion valve 15 while the flow amount of the refrigerant to flow into the nozzle 16a of the ejector 16 is adjusted by the expansion valve 15 (from point 203 to point 204 in
The refrigerant after being decompressed in the expansion valve 15 is further decompressed in the nozzle 16a substantially in iso-entropy while the enthalpy of the refrigerant is reduced (from point 204 to point 205 in
By the high-speed refrigerant stream from the refrigerant jet port 16c of the nozzle 16a, the refrigerant evaporated in the second evaporator 19 is drawn into the ejector 16 from the refrigerant suction port 16d. In
The refrigerant jetted from the nozzle 16a and the refrigerant drawn from the refrigerant suction port 16d flows into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e positioned downstream of the nozzle 16a. The refrigerant jetted from the nozzle 16a and the refrigerant drawn from the refrigerant suction port 16d are mixed in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, and the speed energy of the refrigerant is converted to the pressure energy, thereby increasing the refrigerant pressure in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e (point 205→to point 206→point 207 in
The refrigerant flowing out of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e of the ejector 16 flows into the first evaporator 17. In the first evaporator 17, low-pressure refrigerant is evaporated by absorbing heat from air blown by the blower fan 17a, so that the enthalpy of the refrigerant is increased (from point 207 to point 208 in
In contrast, the refrigerant stream flowing into the second passage 14b from the branch portion 13 is decompressed and expanded by the throttle unit 18 (from point 203 to point 209 in
The refrigerant after passing through the second evaporator 19 is drawn into the ejector 16 from the refrigerant suction port 16d. The refrigerant drawn from the refrigerant suction port 16d flows into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e of the ejector 16 through the suction passage 16i. In the present embodiment, the flow velocity of the refrigerant flowing through the suction passage 16i is greater than the sound velocity, and the refrigerant passing through the suction passage 16i is decompressed in iso-entropy as shown in
The refrigerant flowing from the refrigerant suction port 16d into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e through the suction passage 16i is mixed with the refrigerant jetted from the nozzle 16a in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e. (from point 210′ to point 206 in
In the refrigeration cycle device 10 having the ejector 16, the refrigerant flowing out of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e of the ejector 16 can be supplied to the first evaporator 17 while the refrigerant decompressed by the throttle unit 18 in the second passage 14b can be supplied to the second evaporator 19 through the throttle unit 18. Thus, both the first evaporator 17 and the second evaporator 19 can be operated simultaneously to have cooling functions.
Because a refrigerant downstream side of the first evaporator 17 is connected to the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 11, the refrigerant pressurized in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e of the ejector 16 is drawn into the compressor 11. Therefore, the suction pressure of the compressor 11 can be increased, and the driving power of the compressor 11 can be reduced. As a result, the coefficient of performance (COP) in the refrigerant cycle of the refrigeration cycle device 10 can be effectively improved.
In the ejector 16 of the first embodiment, the suction passage 16i is provided to decompress the refrigerant in iso-entropy, such that the flow velocity of the refrigerant flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e from the suction passage 16i is equal to or larger than the sound velocity. Therefore, the flow velocity of the refrigerant flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e from the suction passage 16i can be made substantially equal to the flow velocity of the refrigerant jetted from the refrigerant jet port 16c of the nozzle 16a into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e. Therefore, the flow velocity of the refrigerant drawn from the refrigerant suction port 16d can be increased while the energy loss of the refrigerant passing through the suction passage 16i can be reduced.
Accordingly, the flow velocity of the gas refrigerant flowing into the straight portion 16g of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be increased, and thereby the terminal velocity of grains of the liquid refrigerant can be increased.
Thus, even when gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant passes through the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e in the ejector 16, the pressurizing amount of gas refrigerant can be increased in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, thereby improving the ejector efficiency ηe. That is, even in the ejector 16 in which the kinetic energy of gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is converted to the pressure energy thereof, the pressurizing amount of the gas refrigerant can be effectively increased in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e.
In the present embodiment, because the refrigerant from the refrigerant suction port 16d is decompressed in the suction passage 16i in iso-entropy as shown in
The ejector efficiency ηe′ of the present embodiment can be defined as in the following formula (F2) which is different from the formula (F1).
ηe′=((Gnoz+Ge)×(ΔP/ρ)/(Gnoz×Δi+Ge×Δh) (F2)
Here, Ge is the flow amount of the suction refrigerant in the suction passage 16i, Gnoz is the flow amount of the jet refrigerant jetted from the nozzle 16a, ΔP is the pressurizing amount in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, ρ is the density of the suction fluid, Δi is the enthalpy difference between the inlet and the outlet of the nozzle 16a, and Δh is the energy to be used for pressurizing. As compared with the above formula (F1), the expansion energy item (Ge×Δh) in the suction passage 16i can be added in the denominator item (recovery energy item) in the formula (F2).
Thus, in the present embodiment, if the various configurations of the ejector 16 are set such that the same ejector efficiency ηe in formula F1 is obtained, the pressurizing amount ΔP can be increased by the recovery energy, thereby effectively improving the ejector efficiency.
In the present embodiment, the enthalpy reduction part Δh of the refrigerant while being decompressed and expanded in iso-entropy in the suction passage 16i, and the enthalpy reduction part ΔH of the refrigerant while being decompressed and expanded in iso-enthalpy in the nozzle 16a have the following relationship in the formula F3.
ΔH≧Δh (F3)
That is, in the present embodiment, respective configurations of the ejector 16 are set to satisfy the above formula F3. That is, ΔH is the enthalpy difference between the enthalpy of the refrigerant at the inlet of the nozzle 16a and the enthalpy of the refrigerant at the refrigerant jet port 16c of the nozzle 16a, and Δh is the enthalpy difference between the enthalpy of the refrigerant at the inlet of the suction passage 16i and the enthalpy of the refrigerant at the outlet of the suction passage 16i.
According to the first embodiment of the present invention, because the refrigerant is decompressed and expanded in the suction passage 16i in iso-entropy, the flow velocity of the refrigerant flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e from the suction passage 16i can be increased. If the iso-entropy decompression amount of the refrigerant in the suction passage 16i is increased more than a necessary amount, the flow velocity of the refrigerant flowing from the suction passage 16i into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e is unnecessarily increased as compared with the flow velocity of the refrigerant jetted from the nozzle 16a into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e. Therefore, the energy loss may be increased while the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant having different flow velocities are mixed in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, and thereby the ejector efficiency may be decreased.
That is, the unnecessary increased flow velocity of the refrigerant in the suction passage 16i causes the gas refrigerants having different flow speeds to be mixed in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, thereby increasing the energy loss and decreasing the ejector efficiency.
More specifically, the upper side graph in
In contrast, the lower side graph in
As shown in the graphs of
Accordingly, the terminal velocity, at which the flow velocity of the liquid refrigerant reaches to the joined flow velocity of the gas refrigerant in the jet refrigerant and the gas refrigerant in the suction refrigerant, is positioned on a downstream side in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, and thereby the moving distance of the liquid refrigerant from the inlet to a position corresponding to the terminal velocity in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e is increased. As a result, the distance from the position corresponding to the terminal velocity to the outlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, in which the kinetic energy is transmitted between the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant after the grains of the liquid refrigerant reaches to the terminal velocity in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, becomes shorter, and thereby the refrigerant can not be sufficiently pressurized in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e.
In contrast, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the configurations including dimensions in the respective portions of the ejector 16 are set so that ΔH≧Δh. Thus, it can prevent the flow velocity of the suction refrigerant flowing from the suction passage 16i into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e from being excessively increased.
More specifically, the tilt of the iso-entropy line of the gas refrigerant from the inlet to the outlet of the suction passage 16i (point 210 to point 210′ of
As a result, the energy loss, generated while gas refrigerants having different flow velocities are mixed, can be reduced, and the refrigerant can be sufficiently pressurized in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, thereby effectively improving the ejector efficiency.
According to the first embodiment of the present invention, because the straight portion 16g is provided in a suitable range at a refrigerant inlet side of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, the energy force of the gas refrigerant can be effectively applied to the grains of the liquid refrigerant in the straight portion 16g, and thereby the flow velocity of the grains of the liquid refrigerant can rapidly reach to the terminal velocity in the straight portion 16g.
Furthermore, the kinetic energy of the liquid refrigerant having being reached to the terminal velocity can be effectively transmitted to the gas refrigerant in the expanding portion 16h. As a result, the energy transmission loss between the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant in the expanding portion 16h can be reduced, and thereby the ejector efficiency can be sufficiently improved.
As shown in
Because the flow velocity of the liquid refrigerant reaches to the terminal velocity at the inlet side of the expanding portion 16h, the energy transmission loss between the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant can be effectively reduced. Thus, the flow velocity of the liquid refrigerant and the gas refrigerant at the outlet of the expanding portion 16h can be sufficiently reduced, and the ratio of energy to be used actually for pressurizing can be increased.
As a result, the pressurizing amount ΔP of the refrigerant in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be increased in the present embodiment shown by the graph P1 in
According to experiments by the inventors of the present application, when the ratio L1/L2 of the length L1 of the straight portion 16g to the length L2 of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e from the inlet to the outlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e is set about at 0.2, the pressurizing amount ΔP of the refrigerant in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be made maximum.
When the ratio L1/L2 is set about at 0.2, the flow velocities of the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the outlet of the straight portion 16g can be made approximately equal, and the pressurizing amount ΔP of the refrigerant in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be made maximum. If the manufacturing error of the ejector 16 and the variation in the flow amount of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant cycle of the refrigeration cycle device 10 are considered, the ejector efficiency can be sufficiently increased when 0<L1/L2≦0.4. More preferably, the ratio L1/L2 is set such that 0.1<L1/L2≦0.3.
In a case where 0<L1/L2≦0.4, the ejector efficiency can be sufficiently improved even when the gas-liquid density difference of the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant passing through the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e is changed in a wider range of 0.9-600 kg/M3.
In the first embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant can be pressurized substantially in iso-entropy in the entire range of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, and the sectional shape of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e is changed so as to reduce a separation from of the refrigerant at the outlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e. Therefore, the energy loss of the refrigerant passing through the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be reduced, thereby reducing energy loss of the refrigerant flowing out of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e.
As a result, the ratio of the energy to be actually used for pressuring can be increased among the recovery energy in the ejector 16.
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
According to the second embodiment of the present invention, the suction passage 16i of the ejector 16 can be configured, such that the flow velocity of the suction refrigerant flowing from the suction passage 16i into the straight portion 16g of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e becomes equal to or greater than the sound velocity and the suction refrigerant is decompressed in iso-entropy. Thus, the terminal velocity of the grains of the liquid refrigerant flowing into the straight portion 16g in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be increased, thereby improving the ejector efficiency. In the second embodiment, the other parts of the ejector 16 are similar to those in the ejector 16 of the above-described first embodiment.
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
In the third embodiment, the other parts of the ejector 16 are similar to those in the ejector 16 of the above-described first embodiment.
According to the third embodiment of the present invention, the suction passage 16i of the ejector 16 is configured such that the flow velocity of the suction refrigerant flowing through the suction passage 16i becomes equal to or greater than the sound velocity at a contraction position where the refrigerant passage area becomes smallest in the suction passage 16i. Thus, the flow velocity of the suction refrigerant can be increased downstream of the contraction position in the suction passage 16i. Therefore, the terminal velocity of the grains of the liquid refrigerant flowing into the straight portion 16g in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be increased, thereby improving the ejector efficiency.
A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
In the fourth embodiment, the other parts of the ejector 16 are similar to those in the ejector 16 of the above-described first embodiment.
In the structure of the expanding portion 16h according to the fourth embodiment, the energy transmission loss between the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant can be reduced, thereby sufficiently improving the ejector efficiency. In the above example of the fourth embodiment, the structure of the expanding portion 16h is used for the ejector 16 according to the first embodiment. However, the structure of the expanding portion 16h of the fourth embodiment can be used for the ejector 16 according to any one of the second and third embodiments of the present invention.
A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
In the fifth embodiment, the other parts of the ejector 16 are similar to those in the ejector 16 of the above-described first embodiment.
In the structure of the expanding portion 16h according to the fifth embodiment, the energy transmission loss between the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant can be reduced, thereby sufficiently improving the ejector efficiency. In the above example of the fifth embodiment, the structure of the expanding portion 16h is used for the ejector 16 according to the first embodiment. However, the structure of the expanding portion 16h of the fifth embodiment can be used for the ejector 16 according to any one of the second and third embodiments of the present invention.
A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
A seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
An eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
In the sixth to eighth embodiments of the present invention, the other parts of the ejector 16 can be made similar to those of the ejector 16 according to the first embodiment, and the ejector efficiency can be increased. In the above examples of the sixth to eighth embodiments of the present invention, the structure of the expanding portion 16h is used for the ejector 16 according to the first embodiment. However, the structure of the expanding portion 16h according to any one of the sixth to eighth embodiments can be used for the ejector 16 of any one of the second and third embodiments of the present invention. That is, the expanding portion 16h of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e according to any one of the fourth to eighth embodiments can be suitably used for the ejector 16 according to any one of the first to third embodiments.
In the above-described embodiments of the present invention, the ejector 16 includes the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e that is configured by the straight portion 16g and the expanding portion 16h. However, in a ninth embodiment of the present invention, an ejector 16 is configured without using the straight portion 16g, so that the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e is configured only by the expanding portion 16h as shown in
Thus, even when the straight portion 16g is omitted in the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, it is possible for the inlet side of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e to have the same function as the straight portion 16g, thereby improving the ejector efficiency. The mixing and pressurizing portion 16e configured by only the expanding portion 16h according to the ninth embodiment can be used for the ejector 16 according to the second or the third embodiment.
Furthermore, in a case where the ejector efficiency can be sufficiently increased by increasing the flow velocity of the suction refrigerant in the suction passage 16i, the straight portion 16g described in any one of the above embodiments may be omitted from the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e.
For example, in the above-described fourth to eighth embodiments shown in
In the ejector 16 according to any one of the above-described embodiments, the suction passage 16i is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the tip end portion of the nozzle 16a and the inner peripheral surface of body portion 16b. In the ejector 16 of the tenth embodiment, the nozzle 16a is used as a first nozzle 16a, and a second nozzle 16j is provided for forming a suction passage 16i through which the refrigerant drawn from a refrigerant suction port 16d flows into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e, as shown in
As an example of the second nozzle 16j in the tenth embodiment, a Laval nozzle may be used. The refrigerant passage sectional area of the suction passage 16i of the second nozzle 16j can be changed similar to that of the suction passage 16i of the third embodiment. In this case, the advantages of the suction passage 16i described in the third embodiment can be obtained.
Alternatively, the second nozzle 16j can be configured by a taper nozzle such that the refrigerant passage sectional area of the suction passage 16i of the second nozzle 16j is changed similar to that of the suction passage 16i of the first or second embodiment described above. In this case, the advantages of the suction passage 16i described in the first or second embodiment can be obtained.
In the above-described embodiments, the ejector 16 is typically used for the refrigeration cycle device 10 that is provided with the radiator 12 and the receiver 12b, for example, as shown in
In the eleventh embodiment, the ejector 16 according to any one of the above-described embodiments is used for a refrigeration cycle device having a super-cooled type condenser that is configured by a condensation heat exchanging portion, a receiver portion and a super-cooling heat exchanging portion. Here, the condensation heat exchanging portion is configured to cool and condense the high-pressure refrigerant from the compressor 11, the receiver portion is configured to separate the refrigerant flowing from the condensation heat exchanging portion into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant, and the super-cooling heat exchanging portion is configured to super-cool the saturated liquid refrigerant from the receiver portion. Even in this case, the liquid refrigerant super-cooled in the super-cooling heat exchanging portion can be introduced into the branch portion 13 to be branched at the branch portion 13. The other parts of the refrigerant cycle structure in the refrigeration cycle device of the eleventh embodiment may be similar to those of the refrigeration cycle device 10 shown in
Thus, the refrigerant state flowing from the expansion valve 15 into the nozzle 16a of the ejector 16 may become in a gas-liquid two-phase state (point 204 of
Even in the refrigeration cycle device with the Mollier diagram shown in
Thus, even in a case where gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the nozzle 16a or only the liquid refrigerant flows into the nozzle 16a in the refrigerant cycle, when the mixed refrigerant, in which the jet refrigerant jetted from the nozzle 16a and the suction refrigerant flowing from the suction passage 16i are mixed, is in the gas-liquid two-phase state in the ejector 16, the ejector efficiency can be effectively improved.
In the above-described embodiments, the ejector 16 is used for the refrigerant cycle in which the expansion valve 15 is provided in the first passage 14a at an upstream side of the nozzle 16a of the ejector 16, for example, as shown in
Because the expansion valve 15 is not provided in the refrigeration cycle device shown in
Alternatively, both the receiver 12b and the expansion valve 15 can be omitted from the refrigeration cycle device 10 shown in
In the above-described embodiments, the ejector 16 is used for a refrigerant cycle in which the refrigerant state flowing from the branch portion 13 into the first passage 14a and the refrigerant state flowing from the branch portion 13 into the second passage 14b are made equal. However, the ejector 16 can be used for a refrigerant cycle in which the refrigerant state flowing from the branch portion 13 into the first passage 14a and the refrigerant state flowing from the branch portion 13 into the second passage 14b are made different from each other.
As an example of a refrigeration cycle device of a thirteenth embodiment, the receiver 12b shown in
For example, the branch portion 13 may be configured to have an interior space in which a scroll flow of the refrigerant is generated so that the dryness distributions of the refrigerant are caused in the interior space of the branch portion 13 by centrifugal force due to the scroll flow of the refrigerant.
The first passage 14a and the second passage 14b are connected to the branch portion 13 so that refrigerant having a predetermined dryness can be respectively introduced into the first passage 14a and the second passage 14b. Thus, the dryness of the refrigerant flowing into the first passage 14a from the branch portion 13 and the dryness of the refrigerant flowing into the second passage 14b from the branch portion 13 can be suitably changed. As the structure of the branch portion 13, the structure described in US 2007/028630 (corresponding to JP 2007-46806) can be incorporated herein by reference.
When the refrigeration cycle device according to the thirteenth embodiment is operated, refrigerant states circulated in the refrigerant cycle can be set to be changed as in the Mollier diagram shown in
Even in the refrigerant cycle with the operation states shown in
In the above-described embodiments, the ejector 16 of the present invention is used for a sub-critical refrigerant cycle in which the pressure of refrigerant on a high-pressure side before being decompressed is lower than the critical pressure of the refrigerant. However, in a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention, the ejector 16 is used for a super-critical refrigerant cycle in which the pressure of refrigerant on the high-pressure side before being decompressed is higher than the critical pressure of the refrigerant. For example, carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant so that the refrigerant pressure discharged from the compressor 11 becomes higher than the critical pressure of the refrigerant.
For example, the throttle unit 18 is provided with a temperature sensing portion 18a located at the refrigerant outlet side of the radiator 12. The temperature sensing portion 18a is configured to generate therein an inner pressure corresponding to the temperature of the refrigerant on the refrigerant outlet side of the radiator 12, so that the valve open degree of the throttle unit 18 is adjusted by a balance between the inner pressure of the temperature sensing portion 18a and the pressure of the refrigerant on the refrigerant outlet side of the radiator 12. Thus, the refrigerant pressure on the high-pressure side of the refrigerant cycle can be adjusted to the target pressure, and thereby the COP of the refrigerant cycle can be made maximum.
In the fourteenth embodiment, as shown in
When the refrigeration cycle device 10 of the present embodiment is operated, the refrigerant state is charged as in the Mollier diagram shown in
The refrigerant is cooled in the radiator 12 by performing heat exchange with outside air while keeping the refrigerant pressure at the pressure higher than the critical pressure (from point 201 to point 202 of
The refrigerant flowing into the first passage 14a from the branch passage 13 flows through the nozzle 16a, the first evaporator 17 and the accumulator 20 in this order (point 202→point 205→point 206→point 207→point 208 in
On the other hand, the refrigerant flowing into the second passage 14b flows through the throttle unit 18 (i.e., high-pressure control valve) and the second evaporator 19 in this order, and is drawn into the ejector 16 from the refrigerant suction port 16d (point 202→point 209→point 210→point 210′→point 206 in
Thus, even in the refrigerant cycle of the refrigeration cycle device 10 in which the super-critical refrigerant flows into the nozzle 16a of the ejector 16, the ejector efficiency can be improved.
Even in a case where the super-critical refrigerant flows into the nozzle 16a of the ejector 16, when the mixed refrigerant, in which the jet refrigerant jetted from the nozzle 16a and the suction refrigerant drawn from the refrigerant suction port 16d are mixed, is in a gas-liquid two-phase state in the ejector 16, the ejector efficiency can be significantly improved.
That is, when the ejector 16 is used for a super-critical refrigerant cycle in which at least the jet refrigerant jetted from nozzle 16d is in a gas-liquid two-phase state or the refrigerant downstream of the throat portion of the nozzle 16d is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, the ejector efficiency can be more significantly improved.
A fifteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
For example, in the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention, the first evaporator 17 can be used for cooling the interior of a passenger compartment of a vehicle, and the second evaporator 19 can be used for cooling a cooler box (refrigerator) mounted in the vehicle. That is, the space to be cooled by the first evaporator 17 is the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and the space to be cooled by the second evaporator 19 is the interior space of the cooler box.
The basic structure of the second compressor 21 may be similar to that of the first compressor 11, and a generally known compressor may be used as the second compressor 21.
The refrigerant flowing into the expansion valve 15 through the branched first passage 14a is decompressed and expanded in iso-enthalpy by the expansion valve 15 (from point 203 to point 204 in
The refrigerant flowing out of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e of the ejector 16 flows into the first evaporator 17. In the first evaporator 17, low-pressure refrigerant is evaporated by absorbing heat from air blown by the blower fan 17a, so that the enthalpy of the refrigerant is increased (from point 207 to point 208 in
In contrast, the refrigerant stream flowing into the second passage 14b from the branch portion 13 is decompressed and expanded in iso-enthalpy by the throttle unit 18 (from point 203 to point 209 in
In the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention, the throttled passage area of the throttle unit 18 can be set smaller than that of the first embodiment, thereby increasing the refrigerant decompression amount at the throttle unit 18. Therefore, the refrigerant evaporation pressure (refrigerant evaporation temperature) in the second evaporator 19 can be set lower as compared with the first embodiment.
As shown in
In the refrigeration cycle device 10 having the ejector 16 according to the fifteenth embodiment, the refrigerant flowing out of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e of the ejector 16 can be supplied to the first evaporator 17 while the refrigerant greatly decompressed by the throttle unit 18 in the second passage 14b can be supplied to the second evaporator 19 through the throttle unit 18. Thus, both the first evaporator 17 and the second evaporator 19 can be operated simultaneously to have greatly different cooling capacities, and thereby the second evaporator 19 can be used to cool the interior of the cooler box that needs a cooling temperature lower than that in the passenger compartment.
At a low outside air temperature, a pressure difference between the refrigerant pressure on the high-pressure side and the refrigerant pressure on the low-pressure side becomes smaller in the refrigerant cycle of the refrigerant cycle device 10. In this case, the flow amount of the refrigerant passing through the nozzle 16a of the ejector 16 may be decreased, and thereby the suction capacity of the ejector 13 may be decreased. Even in this case, because the second compressor 21 is located in the refrigeration cycle device 10 of the fifteenth embodiment, the suction capacity of the refrigerant into the ejector 16 from the refrigerant suction port 16d can be increased, so that the refrigerant cycle can be stably operated.
Furthermore, because the refrigerant is pressurized by using both the first and second compressors 11, 21, a pressure difference between the suction pressure and the discharge pressure in respective compressors 11, 21 can be reduced. Thus, compression efficiency of each of the first and second compressors 11, 21 can be improved, thereby improving the COP in the refrigerant cycle of the refrigeration cycle device 10.
The compression efficiency in the compressor 11, 21 is a ratio ΔE1/ΔE2 of an increase amount ΔE1 of the enthalpy of the refrigerant while being compressed in iso-entropy in the compressor 11, 21 to an increase amount ΔE2 of the enthalpy of the refrigerant while being actually compressed in the compressor 11, 21. For example, when the rotational speed or the pressurizing amount of the compressor 11, 21 is increased, the refrigerant temperature is increased by the friction force, and thereby the increase amount ΔE2 is increased and the compression efficiency is reduced.
Thus, in the refrigeration cycle device 10, if the pressure difference between the refrigerant pressure on the high-pressure side and the refrigerant pressure on the low-pressure side needs to be increased, the improving effect of the COP in the refrigerant cycle can be made significantly.
According to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention, even when the ejector 16 is used for the refrigerant cycle device 10 provided with the first compressor 11 and the second compressor 21, the ejector efficiency can be sufficiently improved. Furthermore, the refrigerant suction capacity of the ejector 16 can be suitably increased by using the second compressor 21, and thereby the configuration of the ejector 16 can be easily set.
Thus, in the present embodiment, the ejector 16 can be easily configured so as to prevent the flow velocity of the suction refrigerant flowing from the suction passage 16i into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e from being unnecessarily increased. That is, in the present embodiment, because the flow velocity of the refrigerant flowing from the suction passage 16i into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be changed by not only the decompression characteristics in the suction passage 16i but also the discharge refrigerant pressure of the second compressor 21, the suction passage 16i of the ejector 16 can be easily formed. Therefore, the flow velocity of the suction refrigerant flowing from the suction passage 16i into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be easily adjusted by adjusting the refrigerant pressure at the refrigerant suction port 16d of the ejector 16.
According to the fifteenth embodiment, by adjusting the refrigerant discharge capacity of the second compressor 21, the flow velocity of the suction refrigerant flowing from the suction passage 16i into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e can be easily adjusted at a suitable velocity, relative to the flow velocity of the jet refrigerant jetted from the refrigerant jet port 16c of the nozzle 16. As a result, the configurations of respective parts in the ejector 16 can be easily set, and thereby the ejector 16 can be easily formed.
Although the present invention has been fully described in connection with the preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
According to any one embodiment of the present invention, the ejector 16 is provided with the suction passage 16i through which the refrigerant (fluid) drawn from the refrigerant suction port 16d flows into the inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e. The passage sectional area of the suction passage 16i is configured to be changed such that the refrigerant (fluid) drawn from the refrigerant suction port 16d is decompressed in the suction passage 16i substantially in iso-entropy. Alternatively, the passage area of the suction passage 16i is configured to be changed such that the flow velocity of the refrigerant flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e from the suction passage 16i is substantially equal to the flow velocity of the refrigerant (fluid) flowing from the jet port 16c of the nozzle 16a into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e. Alternatively, the passage sectional area of the suction passage 16i is configured to be changed such that the flow velocity of the fluid flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e from the suction passage 16i is equal to or larger than the sound velocity. In this case, the ejector efficiency can be effectively improved. The other configurations in the ejector 16 may be suitably changed or combined without being limited to the above-described embodiments.
According to any one embodiment of the present invention, the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e is configured by the straight portion 16g extending from the inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e in a range in the axial direction, and the expanding portion 16h extending continuously from a downstream end of the straight portion 16g to the outlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e. The straight portion 16g is a cylindrical passage having a constant passage area in its entire range, and the expending portion 16h is configured such that a passage sectional area of the expanding portion 16h is gradually increased toward downstream in the flow direction of the refrigerant. In the ejector 16, the other configurations may be suitably changed or combined without being limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, the range of the straight portion 16g in the axial direction of the nozzle 16a is set such that the flow velocities of gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant within the refrigerant flowing into the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e become equal to each other in the range. Alternatively, when the length of the straight portion 16g in the axial direction of the nozzle is L1 and the length from the inlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e to the outlet of the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e in the axial direction is L2, the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e is configured such that 0<L1/L2≦0.4. Alternatively, the mixing and pressurizing portion 16e may be configured such that the refrigerant is pressurized in iso-entropy therein.
In the above-described embodiments of the present invention, the ejector 16 is used for the refrigeration cycle device 10 in which the refrigerant is branched at the branch portion 13 on an upstream side of the nozzle 16a in the refrigerant flow from the radiator 12. However, the ejector 16 of the present invention can be used for a refrigeration cycle device without being limited to the examples of the above-described embodiments.
For example, the ejector 16 of the present invention can be used for a refrigeration cycle device shown in
In the example shown in
In the above-described embodiments, the Freon-based refrigerant or the carbon dioxide is typically used as the refrigerant. However, as the refrigerant, a generally-known refrigerant or a generally known fluid may be used. For example, carbon-hydride based refrigerant may be used as the refrigerant.
In the above-described embodiments, the refrigerant cycle device is used for a vehicle air conditioner or for a vehicle refrigerator. However, the refrigeration cycle device may be used for a fixed cooler, a fixed refrigerator, a box having a cooling function, a cooling device for a coin machine or the like.
In the above-described embodiments, the first and second evaporators 17, 19 are used as an interior heat exchanger for cooling air, and the radiator 12 is used as an exterior heat exchanger for radiating heat to outside air. However, the first and second evaporators 17, 19 may be used as an exterior heat exchanger for absorbing heat from outside air, and the radiator 12 may be used as an interior heat exchanger for heating a fluid to be heated such as water or air. That is, the ejector 16 of the present invention can be used for a heat pump cycle system with a heating function or/and a cooling function.
Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-062142 | Mar 2008 | JP | national |
| 2008-062143 | Mar 2008 | JP | national |
| 2008-135076 | May 2008 | JP | national |
| 2008-135077 | May 2008 | JP | national |
| 2009-010645 | Jan 2009 | JP | national |
