This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-018081, filed Jan. 29, 2010, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic apparatus with an antenna device and a solar panel.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, onboard GPS (Global Positioning System) car navigation devices/portable handy GPS receivers have been widely put to practical use at inexpensive prices. In addition, miniaturization of the GPS receivers and their reception modules has been advanced by the technical advancement of digital communications and/or mobile device communications as well as miniaturization of electric parts due to curtailment and/or miniaturization of dielectric ceramic and/or ferroelectric materials. Furthermore, various portable subminiature GPS receivers and position detecting systems of a wristwatch type have been proposed. In this type of general use GPS receivers, a patch type flat antenna or a cylindrical helical antenna housed in a housing independent of the receiver or a patch type antenna housed in a housing of the receiver.
Japanese Patent Application KOKAI Publication No. 8-213819 discloses a wristwatch in which a watch case contains a patch type antenna device comprising a plate-shaped dielectric, a plate-shaped radiation conductor provided on a front surface of the dielectric, a plate-shaped grounding conductor provided on a back surface of the dielectric, and electric feeding members electrically connected to the radiation conductor. And, a frequency adjustment plate is further provided on the front surface of the radiation conductor through another dielectric.
Recently, from a standpoint of ecology, wristwatches which use electric power generated by a solar panel have a large percentage of the watches of all types. Japanese Patent Application KOKAI Publication No. 2001-289970 discloses a solar panel and a circuit board both of which are disposed in a back side of a watch glass of the wristwatch in a wristwatch case. In this wristwatch, the solar panel and the circuit board are electrically connected with each other by electric connection members such as coil springs at an outer periphery of the solar panel.
When a patch type antenna device and a solar panel are provided coaxially in a superimposing manner within a wristwatch case and the solar panel and a circuit board are electrically connected at the outer periphery of the solar panel with electrical connection members, as disclosed in the Japanese Patent Application KOKAI Publication No. 2001-289970, the solar panel must be larger in outer size than the antenna device. As a result, an outer periphery of the plate-shaped dielectric is covered with the solar panel.
In addition, if electrode pads that feed electric charges generated by the solar panel to the circuit board are provided at a position just near the outer periphery of the plate-shaped dielectric, the following big problems are caused. That is, the electrode pads of the solar panel would adversely influence a remarkably strong radiation electric field of the outer periphery of the plate-shaped dielectric, and lowers a reduction in an antenna gain.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electronic apparatus with an antenna device and a solar panel, which is capable of preventing a reduction in the antenna gain securely and easily.
In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides an electronic apparatus comprising: an antenna device including a plate-shaped dielectric, a plate-shaped radiation conductor disposed on a front side of the dielectric and a plate-shaped grounding conductor disposed on a back side of the dielectric; a solar panel disposed on a front side of the antenna device; and a circuit board disposed on a back side of the antenna device. The plate-shaped dielectric has a through hole formed therein, the solar panel has electrode pads on a back side thereof, the electrode pads being exposed within the through hole in the dielectric, the circuit board has conductive patterns at positions thereon facing the electrode pads, and the electrode pads are electrically connected to the conductive patterns by electric connection members disposed within the through hole in the dielectric.
In the electronic apparatus according to the one aspect of the present invention, the electrode pads of the solar panel exposed within the through hole in the plate-shaped dielectric are electrically connected to the conductive patterns of the circuit board by the electric connection members disposed within the through hole in the plate-shaped dielectric. Therefore, no electrode pads for feeding electric charges generated by the solar panel to the circuit board are provided on the outer periphery of the solar panel opposing to the outer periphery of the plate-shaped dielectric. Thus, a radiation field of the electronic apparatus is difficult to be influenced by the electrode pads of the solar panel and a reduction in a gain of the electronic apparatus is securely and easily restrained.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set force in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly point out hereinafter.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of the present invention, and together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the embodiment given below, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, a wristwatch as one of electronic apparatuses according to the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to this wristwatch but applicable to general electronic apparatuses with an antenna device and a solar panel.
A pair of band attachments 7 is provided at 12 and 6 o'clock positions on an outer periphery of the case 2, and a pair of wristbands 7A is attached thereto. A ring-like metal bezel 15 and a ring-like metal front cover 16 are fitted over a top of the case.
A transparent watch glass 8 is attached to an opening in the top of the case 2 through a gasket 9 so that the dial plate 5 disposed within the case 2 can be seen from the outside of the case 2.
The timepiece module 4 comprises an IC chip (not shown) on which various circuits are formed and a hand driving mechanism (not shown) which drives hands 12 including hour, minute and second hands over the dial plate 5. The IC chip comprises a control IC including a CPU which controls various elements of the timepiece module 4, a receiver circuit connected electrically to the antenna device 6 to receive, amplify and demodulate GPS radio waves and extract positional and time data contained in the GPS radio waves, and a time counter including an oscillator and counting a current time.
The control IC controls a display including the various elements of the timepiece module 4 to display a current position of the wristwatch, based on the positional data received by the receiver circuit, and controls the hand driving mechanism to set current time, based on the time data received by the receiver circuit. Another antenna device may be provided to obtain a current time data from a standard time radio wave without obtaining the time data from the GPS radio waves. In
On an upper surface of the circuit board 11, electrically conductive patterns 11a and 11b connected to various circuits including a power source circuit (not shown), the receiver circuit and the time counter are formed.
As shown in
A relative dielectric constant of the dielectric 6c is set to shorten the wavelength of the received radio waves. Without the plate-shaped dielectric, a diameter of the plate-shaped radiation conductor must be ½ of the wavelength of the received radio waves. In this case, for example, if the frequency of the radio wave received from the GPS satellite is 1.57542 GHz, the diameter of the plate-shaped radiation conductor 32a must be 95.2 mm. However, the plate-shaped radiation conductor 32a of this diameter is too big to be incorporated into the case 2. In this embodiment, therefore, the plate-shaped dielectric 6c is used and the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric 6c is set relatively high, so that the wavelength of the received radio waves is shortened.
A relationship between the shortened wavelength and the dielectric constant of the antenna device is displayed as follows.
That is, the electrically shortened wavelength is represented by λg=λ/√{square root over (∈e)}, where λ is the wavelength of the received radio wave and ∈e is an effective dielectric constant of the antenna device. For example, when an inner diameter of the case 2 is about 30 mm, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric is set to be about 10-30.
A common through hole 6d is formed in the center SA of each of the radiation conductor 6a, the dielectric 6c and the grounding conductor 6b. A diameter of the common through hole 6d is, for example, 2.5 mm. The radiation and grounding conductors 6a and 6b are electrically short-circuited by a short-circuiting conductor tube 6e fitted into an inner peripheral surface of the central through hole 6d and being as a short-circuiting conductor. The short-circuiting conductor tube 6e constitutes an electric connection member electrically connecting the radiation conductor 6a and the grounding conductor 6b with each other.
A pair of cuts 6f is formed at opposite positions on the outer periphery of the radiation conductor 6a to cause the antenna device 6 to function as a circular polarization wave antenna.
An electric feed pin 6i which has an electric feed land disposed within a through hole formed in the vicinity of the central hole 6d in the grounding conductor 6b to be electrically isolated from the grounding conductor 6b extends through the dielectric 6c and connects electrically to the radiation conductor 6a. Further, the feed pin 6i is electrically connected to a conductive pattern (not shown) formed on the circuit board 11 so that the feed land of the feed pin 6i is connected electrically to the receiver circuit. The grounding conductor 6b is grounded at a point (not shown) through a conductive pattern (not shown) formed on the circuit board 11. In
As shown in
The outer size L0 of the solar panel 20 is set to be smaller than the outer size L2 of the radiation conductor 6a so that the outer periphery 20a of the solar panel 20 does not project out from the outer periphery 6a1 of the radiation conductor 6a.
Next, a setting location for an electric feeding point S of the feeding pin 6i will be described.
The shape of each of the grounding conductor 6b and the dielectric 6c in the plan view is circular.
Since the GPS radio wave is a right circular polarization, in this embodiment, the feeding point S is set at a position where a line segment Y(+)-Y(−) connecting the two cuts 6f and a line segment SA-S connecting the center SA of the radiation conductor 6a and the feeding point S cross each other at 45 degrees in an area where X<0 and Y>0. Although in this embodiment, the feeding point S is set in the vicinity of the center SA of the radiation conductor 6a, the feeding point S may be provided at a position near to the outer periphery of the antenna device 6 in a 12 o'clock direction if the impedance is, for example, 50Ω.
As another method for receiving the right circular polarization, the feeding point S may be set at a position where the line segment Y(+)-Y(−) connecting the two cuts 6f and the line segment SA-S connecting the center SA of the radiation conductor 6a and the feeding point S cross each other at 45 degrees in an area where X>0 and Y<0.
In this respect, in order to receive a left circular polarization, the feeding position S is set at a position where the line segment Y(+)-Y(−) connecting the two cuts 6f and the line segment SA-S connecting the center SA of the radiation conductor 6a and the feeding point S cross each other at 45 degrees in an area where X>0 and Y>0 or in an area where X<0 and Y<0.
In this embodiment, a distance between the feeding position S and the center SA of the radiation conductor 6a is set to make the impedance, for example, 50 Ω, thereby performing an offset electric feeding. That is, the input impedance is adjusted at this feeding position.
The case 2 and the antenna device 6 which is contained in the case 2 may have similar polygonal shapes. In this case, when the antenna device 6 is disposed into the case 2, the respective corners of the antenna device 6 can be positioned so as to coincide with the associated corners of the case 2, thereby preventing the antenna device 6 from rotating relative to the case 2 after the antenna device 6 is disposed into the case 2.
Next, the reason why the through hole 6c is formed in the center position of the radiation conductor 6a and why the radiation conductor 6a and the grounding conductor 6b are electrically connected with each other by the short-circuiting tube 6e fitted in the through hole 6d will be described.
The antenna device of this embodiment is a patch type antenna. In a general patch type antenna, the voltage at the center of the radiation conductor is 0 volt. Thus, the antenna characteristic is not substantially influenced only by electrically connecting the radiation conductor 6a and the grounding conductor 6b with each other at the center position.
The applicant discovered that when the through hole 6d is formed in the radiation conductor 6a at the center thereof, and the radiation conductor 6a and the grounding conductor 6b were electrically connected to and short-circuited with each other through the short-circuiting tube 6e fitted in the through hole 6d, the short-circuiting tube 6e functioned as an antenna element contributing to improve a gain of the antenna so that an area or volume which receives the radio wave is increased and the antenna gain also increased by the short-circuiting tube 6e in comparison with a case in which the through hole is formed in the radiation conductor 6a but the short-circuiting tube 6e is not provided within the through hole 6d.
Thus, the through hole 6d is formed in the radiation conductor 6a at the center thereof, and the radiation conductor 6a and the grounding conductor 6b are electrically connected with each other by the short-circuiting tube 6e provided along the inner periphery of the through hole 6d.
By providing the short-circuiting tube 6e of this structure within the through hole 6d, a bad influence from the solar panel 20 can be decreased and a reduction in the gain of the antenna can be restricted in comparison with the case in which the short-circuiting tube 6e is not provided within the through hole 6d of the radiation conductor 6a.
The reason for this is that, by providing the short-circuiting tube 6e within the through hole 6d, an electric potential difference between the upper and lower ends of the through hole 6d is reduced to zero and hence an electric field intensity within the through hole 6d is remarkably reduced.
An explanation will be done with reference to both of these figures. In a case of the antenna device without the short-circuiting tube as shown in
Since an electric current detours along the inner periphery of the circular through hole 6d, the overall path through of which the current flows increases in comparison with an antenna device where a through hole is not provided. Thus, the outer size of the antenna device is reduced in comparison with the antenna device where the through hole is not provided.
In the antenna device shown in
The antenna device 6 as described above can obtain the following advantages.
Since the through hole 6d is provided in the center SA of the antenna device and the radiation conductor 6a and the grounding conductor 6b are electrically connected with each other through the short-circuiting tube 6e fitted into the inner periphery of the through hole 6d, the short-circuiting tube 6e functions as an antenna element and increases the area or volume for receiving the radio wave and thus increases the gain of the antenna in comparison with the antenna device where the short-circuiting tube is not provided.
Further, even when the antenna device 6 is disposed within the metal case 2, a decrease in the gain of the antenna due to the metal case 2 is reduced by causing the opening in the dial plate 5 to have the directivity of the antenna device.
Results of measurement of an input impedance of the antenna device according to this embodiment are shown in a Smith chart of
In
The directional gain characteristic curve 6B indicated by a solid line shows the directional gain characteristic curve obtained by the patch antenna device 6 in which the radiation conductor 6a and the grounding conductor 6b are connected electrically with each other by the short-circuiting tube 6e and which is contained in the metal watch case 2 with the metal back cover 3.
The directional gain characteristic curve 6C indicated by a broken line shows the directional gain characteristic curve obtained by the antenna device 6 in which the radiation conductor 6a and the grounding conductor 6b are not connected electrically with each other by the short-circuiting tube 6e and which is contained in the above described metal watch case 2 with the above described metal back cover 3.
In this figure, each of the directional gain characteristic curves is shown when a maximum gain in a case that the input impedance is measured while the antenna device 6 with the short-circuiting tube of this embodiment is contained within the metal watch case 2 with the metal back cover 3 is used as a standard of 0 dB.
As will be obvious from the characteristic curve 6B shown in this figure, with the antenna device 6 according to this embodiment, that is, the antenna device 6 of this embodiment contained in the metal case 2 with the metal back cover 3 and having the structure in which the radiation conductor 6a and the grounding conductor 6b are connected electrically with each other by the short-circuiting tube 6e, even in the state where the antenna device is contained within the metal case 2 with the metal back cover 3, the directional gain characteristic curve 6B has a directivity toward the dial plate (in the upward direction in
Compared the directional gain characteristic curve 6B of the solid line and the directional gain characteristic curve 6C of the broken line with each other, the gain characteristic in the directional gain characteristic curve 6B is increased by a gain G than the gain characteristic in the directional gain characteristic curve 6C in a range between a direction which directs toward a face in which the grounding conductor 6b is provided and a direction which directs toward a face in which the radiation conductor 6a is provided (in the direction of 0 degree in
As shown in
The solar cells 201-206 of the solar panel 20 are electrically connected in this order in series. Particularly, an electrical connection between the solar cells 201 and 202, that between the solar cells 202 and 203, that between the solar cells 203 and 204, that between the solar cells 204 and 205, and that between the solar cells 205 and 206 are performed by electric connectors 21 provided at the outer periphery of the solar panel 20 (
Next, a connection structure by the electric connector 21 will be explained with reference to
The solar cell 201 and the solar cell 202 are overlapped with each other at a front side plus electrode of the former and at a back side minus electrode of the latter. Designating the front side plus electrode of the solar cell 201 with 201 (+) and designating a back side minus electrode thereof with 201 (−). Further, designating a front side plus electrode of the solar cell 202 with 202 (+) and designating the back side minus electrode thereof with 202 (−). A part of the minus electrode 201 (−) of the solar cell 201 is cut out, and one end portion of the electric connector 21 electrically connects to the plus electrode 201 (+) of the solar cell 201 in the cut out. The other end portion of the electric connector 21 is lead in the back side of the solar panel 20 and is electrically connected to the minus electrode 202 (−). In
With the same connection structure, the solar cell 202 and the solar cell 203, the solar cell 203 and the solar cell 204, the solar cell 204 and the solar cell 205, and the solar cell 205 and the solar cell 206 are electrically connected to each other, respectively.
Then, a structure of each of the electrode pads 22 and 23 will be explained with reference to
As shown in
As shown in
Next, an electrical connection structure between the solar panel 20 and the circuit board 11 will be explained with reference to
A pad portion of the electrode pad 22 extending below the minus electrode 202 (−) of the solar cell 202 and a pad portion of the electrode pad 23 extending below the minus electrode 205 (−) of the solar cell 205 are exposed within the hole 6d in the antenna device 6. Conductive patterns 11a and 11b corresponding to the electrode pads 22 and 23 on the circuit board 11 disposed in a back side (lower side) of the antenna device 6 are also exposed within the hole 6d in the antenna device 6. The electrode pads 22 and 23 and the conductive patterns 11a and 11b corresponding thereto are electrically connected to each other by electrically connection members 25, 26 each having a shape of a coil spring, respectively. The electrically connection members 25 and 26 are electrically isolated from the short-circuiting tube 6e of the antenna device 6. Thus, the antenna device 6 is difficult to be influenced adversely by the electrode pads 22 and 23, thereby preventing a reduction in the gain of the antenna easily and securely.
In contrast thereto, in the conventional antenna device where the electrodes provided on the outer periphery of the plate-shaped dielectric are close to the electrodes provided on the outer periphery of the solar panel, the remarkably strong electric radiation field on the outer periphery of the plate-shaped dielectric is influenced by the conductive pattern on the outer periphery of the solar panel. Thus, the radiation electric field of the antenna device is easily influenced by the conductive pattern. That is, the radiation electric field of the antenna device is changed by the conductive pattern. When the electric radiation field of the antenna device changes, a distribution of currents flowing in antenna elements changes and hence the impedance of the antenna changes, thereby causing a reduction in the gain of the antenna. And, this is a big problem.
In this figure, each of numerals arranged along the outer periphery of the outermost circle is an angle (degree) from a top direction of the antenna device (in a direction of the watch glass 8) when the top direction is as 0 degree, and each of numerals arranged in the radial direction of the outermost circle shows a gain (dB). Characteristic curves 11A, 11B, and 11C show a radiation characteristic of the antenna device 6 including the radiation conductor plate 6a, etc., that is, a directional characteristic of the gain.
In this figure, the directional gain characteristic curve 11A shown by a two-dots chain line is that of the antenna device 6 with no solar panel 20.
The directional gain characteristic curve 11B shown by a solid line is that of the antenna device 6 above which the solar panel 20 is disposed and in which the solar panel 20 is smaller than the outer diameter of the radiation conductor 6a and the solar panel 20 does not project out from the outer edge of the radiation conductor 6a.
Further, the directional gain characteristic curve 11C shown by a broken line is that of the antenna device 6 above which the solar panel 20 is disposed and in which the solar panel 20 is larger than the outer diameter of the radiation conductor 6a and the solar panel 20 projects out from the outer edge of the radiation conductor 6a.
In this figure, each directional gain characteristic curve uses the maximum gain obtained by the antenna device 6 above which the solar panel 20 is not disposed as a standard of 0 dB.
As obvious from the directional gain characteristic curves 11A and 11B, each of the directional gain characteristic curve 11A of the antenna device 6 without the solar panel and the directional gain characteristic curve 11B of the antenna device 6 above which the solar panel 20 is disposed and in which the diameter of the solar panel 20 is smaller than the outer shape of the radiation conductor 6a so as not to project out the solar panel 20 from the outer edge of the radiation conductor 6a is a circular polarization having a directivity in the side of the dial plate (in the upper direction side in
As obvious from the directional gain characteristic curves 11A and 11C, the directional gain characteristic curve 11C of the antenna device 6 above which the solar panel 20 is disposed and in which the diameter of the solar panel 20 is larger than the outer shape of the radiation conductor 6a so as to project out the solar panel 20 from the outer edge of the radiation conductor 6a is a circular polarization having a directivity in the side of the dial plate (in the upper direction side in
By the way, in a case that a solar cell having no hole at the center thereof and being smaller than the outer shape of the radiation conductor 6a is disposed above the antenna device 6, the maximum gain is −0.1 dB (within the measurement error).
As described above, when using the antenna device 6 above which the solar panel 20 is disposed and in which the solar panel 20 is smaller than the outer shape of the radiation conductor 6a and the solar panel 20 does not project out from the outer edge of the radiation conductor 6a, a reduction in the gain by an influence of the solar panel is restrained. In addition, the electrically conductive coil springs 25 and 26 disposed within the hole 6a in the antenna device 6 electrically connect the solar panel 20 and the circuit board 11. Thus, the reduction in the gain due to the solar panel 20 is further restrained.
As described above, in a case of the electronic apparatus of this embodiment, the electronic timepiece 1 comprises the antenna device 6 including the plate-shaped dielectric 6c, the plate-shaped radiation conductor 6a disposed on the front side of the plate-shaped dielectric and the plate-shaped grounding conductor 6b disposed on the back side of the plate-shaped dielectric; the solar panel 20 disposed on the front side of the antenna device; and the circuit board 11 disposed on the back side of the antenna device. Further, the antenna device comprises the through hole 6d formed in the center of the plate-shaped dielectric 6c, the solar panel 20 has the electrode pads 22, 23 on the back side thereof to expose the electrode pads 22, 23 within the through hole; the circuit board 11 has the conductive patterns 11a, 11b at positions facing the electrode pads 22, 23; and the electrode pads 22, 23 are electrically connected to the conductive patterns 11a, 11b, by the electric connection members 25, 26 disposed within the through hole.
The outer size L0 of the solar panel 20 is formed to be smaller than the outer size L2 of the radiation conductor 6a, and the outer edge 6b1 does not project out from the outer edge 6b1 of the radiation conductor 6a.
The electronic apparatus further comprises the hollow cylindrical metal case 2 which contains the antenna device and the solar panel, a watch glass 8 being the transparent member and covering the front opening located in the front surface of the metal case, and the back cover 3 being the metal member and closing the back opening located in the back surface of the metal case.
Further, the metal case contains the dial plate 5 disposed in the front side of the solar panel and the hand shaft 12a to which the hands 12 are attached so that the hands 12 are driven by the hand shaft to be rotated in the front side of the dial plate, the shaft extending through the through hole in the dielectric and through the circuit board, the antenna device and the solar panel.
Further, the antenna device has an electric connection member short-circuited tube 6e provided on the inner peripheral surface of the through hole, electrically connecting the radiation conductor and the grounding conductor with each other to short-circuit the radiation conductor and the grounding conductor.
Although the embodiment of this invention is explained above, this invention is not limited to this embodiment and its modifications, and various modifications are possible.
For example, although, in the above described embodiment, the short-circuiting tube 6e is provided in the hole 6d, the short-circuiting tube 6e may be not provided within the hole 6d.
Although, in the above described embodiment, the electrode pads 22 and 23 are provided in the space provided at the position of the center in the plate-shaped dielectric 6c, the electrode pads may be provided in a hole formed in the vicinity of the center space so as to be electrically connected to the conductive patterns 11a and 11b corresponding to the electrode pads 22 and 23 on the circuit board 11 by the electrically connection members 25 and 26.
Although, in the above described embodiment, both of the case 2 and the back cover 3 are made of metal, they may be made of plastic.
Although, in the above described embodiment, the wristwatch with the GPS reception function is explained, this invention is applicable to any other radio wave receiver including a mobile phone with the GPS reception function, a GPS only receiver, etc.
Although, in the above described embodiment, the electronic apparatus which receives the radio waves is explained, this invention is applicable to an electronic apparatus which transmit radio waves.
Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative embodiments shown and described, herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2010-018081 | Jan 2010 | JP | national |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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20080055177 | Dixon | Mar 2008 | A1 |
20120105288 | Abe | May 2012 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
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08-213819 | Aug 1996 | JP |
2000-165128 | Jun 2000 | JP |
2001-289970 | Oct 2001 | JP |
2005-274359 | Oct 2005 | JP |
Entry |
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Japanese Office Action for Japanese Application No. 2010-018081 mailed on Aug. 21, 2012. |
Japanese Office Action for Japanese Application No. 2010-018081 mailed on Feb. 28, 2012. |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20110187609 A1 | Aug 2011 | US |