Electric hopper-spreader

Abstract

A material spreading drive system for a hopper spreader having a conveyor and a spreader separately driven by two electric motors that are powered directly from the electrical system of the vehicle. The conveyor drive system includes a speed reducing gearbox that can very efficiently transmit power received from the conveyor motor to the conveyor, thus reducing the demand on the electrical system. As a result, the electrical system is capable of also powering a second electric motor that drives the spreader. Due to the improved efficiency of the conveyor belt system, increased conveying and spreading speed are possible as well as independent control over the operating speeds of the conveyor and spreader.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of Invention

The present invention relates to conveyor drive spreaders and, more specifically, to spreaders having a spinner and conveyor powered by separate motors.

2. Description of Prior Art

Conventional drive systems for a material spreading system on a vehicle, such as a hopper spreader, include an auxiliary source for powering both the conveyor drive system and the associated spreading spinner system. The auxiliary source may be a separate internal combustion engine, a hydraulic system with pump, valves and reservoir powered by the truck's engine, or an electric motor that is powered by the electrical system of the vehicle. Electrically powered spreaders are advantageous because they eliminate the need for a separate high maintenance auxiliary engine to power the spreader or the expense of attaching a separate hydraulic system to power the spreader hydraulically.

Conventional electrically powered spreaders were developed from engine-driven or truck-powered hydraulic spreaders. As auxiliary engine driven spreaders and hydraulically powered spreaders had an abundance of power, the low efficiency of the spreader's gear drive system did not affect the operational performance of these two types of spreaders. These spreaders could move the conveyor fast enough to spread effectively at faster speeds of up to 30 MPH that are required when operating this type of spreader.

When the electric spreader was developed, the low efficiency (30%) conveyor drive system of the hydraulic and engine drive spreaders resulted in a conveyor that ran very slow on the minimal amount of truck amperage that was available. The conveyor of the conventional electric spreader does not run fast enough to unload a sufficient amount of material at the higher speeds required in many spreading applications. These slow, electric spreaders are known as “walking speed” spreaders, and cannot be used in faster applications that a separate engine or hydraulic system powered spreaders can handle.

Another disadvantage of the conventional electric spreaders is that the single electric motor draws so much of the truck's amperage that it becomes impractical to power a separate electric motor to run the spinner disc. In hydraulically powered spreaders, independent control of conveyor and spinner was available gives the operator the flexibility in spreading operation to adjust to changing weather, traffic patterns or obstacles. Powering a second electric motor while the first motor is using most of the available amperage drains the battery system on the truck rather quickly. As a result, the conventional electric spreader is generally powered by just one electric motor, and thus is incapable of giving the user independent control over the conveyor and spinner disc.

Objects and Advantages

It is a principal object and advantage of the present invention to improve the speed of the conveyor and spreading systems of an electrically powered spreader.

It is an additional object and advantage of the present invention to provide conveyor and spreading systems for an electrically powered spreader that have independently controlled conveyors and spinners.

It is a further object and advantage of the present invention to provide a more efficient power transfer system in a hopper spreader.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will in part be obvious, and in part appear hereinafter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention comprises a material spreading system for a truck comprising a conveyor and a spinner, each of which is powered by an electric motor that receives power from the vehicle's alternator/battery system. Since both electric motors are powered off the vehicle's battery there is limited amperage available for use by these motors. The conveyor drive system includes a high-efficiency gearbox or chain and sprocket system that translates about 90 to 95 percent of the power it receives into useful output, thus requiring less output from the power source (i.e., the battery) in order to provide predetermined levels of power of the conveyor than less efficient conveyor systems.

Due to the decreased power draw of the conveyor drive, the spinner can be fully powered by its own dedicated electric motor that also draws from the vehicle's battery. Thus, the drive system of the present invention permits faster conveyor and spreader speeds than could be achieved using prior art drive systems, and permits independent control of the spinner and conveyor for more precisely controlled spreading of the hopper contents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hopper spreader according to the present invention; and

FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic view of the power transmission between the conveyor motor and the conveyor drive shaft shown in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to the figures wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout, there is seen in FIG. 1 a hopper spreader 10 according to the present invention that can be placed in the bed of a pick-up truck or similar vehicle and used to spread materials, such as road salt, rearwardly from the vehicle. Hopper spreader 10 comprises a hopper 12 having a horizontally oriented bottom conveyor 14, such as a conveyor chain or belt, positioned in the hopper cavity 16 and driven by a conveyor drive system 18, a vertical spreader housing 20 communicating with the discharge end of hopper 12 and having a skirt 22, a spinner 24 positioned inside skirt 22 of housing 20, and two separate electric motors, conveyor motor 26 and spinner motor 28, interconnected to conveyor drive system 18 and spinner 24, respectively. Conveyor motor 26 and spinner motor 28 are both powered by the engine electrical system 30 associated with the battery of the vehicle, by leads 32 and 34, respectively.

The hopper-spreader shown in FIG. 1 is particularly well suited for portable use in the bed of a pickup truck. The hopper 16 is positioned in the truck bed, with the spreader housing 20 hanging over the end of the bed with spinner shaft 38 extending vertically.

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the preferred conveyor drive system 18 as seen in FIG. 1, comprising of a chain and sprocket arrangement 36 that operatively connects the conveyor drive shaft 40 to the conveyor motor 26, via a pair of sprockets 42, 44 on a jack shaft 46 supported in bearings 48. Equivalent low friction circular elements with associated endless loops can be employed. The bearings with jack shaft and sprockets are preferably mounted in a bracket 50 that is rigidly attached at any convenient location on the exterior of the hopper 12. The conveyor drive shaft 40 is horizontally oriented and extends in parallel to the output shaft 52 of conveyor motor 26. In FIG. 2 the conveyor drive shaft 40 is shown facing away from conveyor motor 26 for clarity, but it should be appreciated that as shown in FIG. 1 the conveyor shaft 40 is operatively associated with the conveyor chain or belt 14 at a position substantially above the spreader housing 20, and below the conveyor motor 26, where an end portion of the conveyor chain or belt deposits conveyed material into the spreader housing.

The high efficiency is associated with the speed reduction achieved from the diameter difference between the small sprocket 54 on the motor shaft 52 and the large sprocket 36 on the conveyor shaft 40. Small source or motor sprocket 54 is connected via a first chain 56 to the first speed reducing (larger) sprocket 44, carried on and establishing the rotation speed of the jack shaft 46. A secondary, multiplying speed reduction is achieved between the smaller transfer sprocket 42 on the jack shaft connected by second chain 58 to the larger speed reducing final or conveyor sprocket 36. Source sprocket 54, first speed reducing sprocket 44, transfer sprocket 42 and second speed reducing sprocket 36 are arranged on parallel axes, as shown in FIG. 1.

The chain and sprocket driver with dual speed reducing sprockets transmits a high percentage of the power received from conveyor motor 26 into useful output, thus requiring less output from the vehicular electrical system (e.g., the battery).

Due to the high efficiency of conveyor drive system 18, the ampere draw of conveyor motor 26 is significantly reduced, thereby enabling faster operating speeds. Because of the decrease in current required by conveyor motor 26, the vehicular electrical system also has sufficient current available to power separate spinner motor 28. As a result, conveyor motor 26 and spinner motor 28 can be controlled independently, thereby giving an operator more control over spreading speeds in variable conditions.

Claims

1. A spreading system for a vehicle having an electrical system, said system comprising: a hopper; a conveyor positioned within said hopper; a first electric motor interconnected to said electrical system of said vehicle; a high efficiency conveyor drive system comprising a chain and sprocket driver interconnected to said conveyor and coupled to said first electric motor for translating between about 90 and 95 percent of the power received from said electric motor to said conveyor; and a second electric motor interconnected to said electrical system of said vehicle; a spreader communicating with said hopper and coupled to said second electric motor.

2. The spreading system of claim 1, wherein said spreader is a spinner disc.

3. The spreading system of claim 1, wherein said conveyor is a conveyor chain.

4. A spreading system for a pickup truck having a bed and an engine electrical system, said spreading system comprising: a hopper; a horizontally oriented bottom conveyor in the hopper having a discharge end, and a horizontally oriented conveyor drive shaft at said discharge end, said conveyor drive shaft having a conveyor drive sprocket; a spreader housing extending vertically downward from the discharge end of the conveyor; a spreader device situated for rotation in the spreader housing, said spreader device including a vertically oriented spreader drive shaft; a first electrical motor powered by said electrical system and rotationally connected to the conveyor drive shaft; a second electric motor powered by said electrical system and rotationally connected to the spreader drive shaft; said connection of the first electric motor to the conveyor drive shaft including a motor shaft spaced from and extending in parallel to the conveyor drive shaft and carrying a motor shaft sprocket, and a speed reducing transmission between the motor shaft sprocket and the conveyor shaft sprocket.

5. The spreading system of claim 4, wherein the speed reducing transmission includes a jack shaft mounted for rotation in bearings that are offset from the motor and conveyor shafts; a first sprocket on the jack shaft, having a larger diameter than the sprocket on the motor shaft; a second sprocket on the jack shaft, having a smaller diameter than that of the first sprocket on the jack shaft and of the conveyor shaft sprocket; and a first endless loop between the motor sprocket and the first sprocket on the jack shaft and a second endless loop between the second sprocket on the jack shaft and the conveyor shaft sprocket.

6. The spreading system of claim 4, including a first set of electrical conductors connected between the conveyor motor and the engine battery in a pickup truck, and a second set of electrical conductor connected between the spreader motor and said engine battery.

7. The spreader system of claim 4, wherein the first motor shaft is situated vertically above the conveyor drive shaft.

8. The spreader system of claim 4, wherein said transmission includes a jack shaft mounted on the hopper and spaced horizontally from the motor shaft and the conveyor drive shaft.

9. The spreader system of claim 4, wherein the transmission includes a plurality of sprockets operatively connected together between the motor sprocket and the conveyor drive sprocket.

10. A spreading system for a pick up truck having an engine electrical system, said spreading system comprising: a hopper; a conveyor positioned within said hopper and driven by a conveyor drive shaft; a first electric motor interconnected to said electrical system and having a motor shaft offset from and parallel to said conveyor drive shaft; a transmission coupled to said first electric motor including a relatively smaller diameter circular member on the motor drive shaft operatively connected to rotate a relatively larger diameter circular member on the conveyor drive shaft for translating power at reduced speed from said electric motor shaft to said conveyor shaft; a second electric motor interconnected to said electrical system of said vehicle; and a spreader communicating with said hopper and coupled to said second electric motor.

11. The spreading system of claim 10, including a first set of electrical conductors connected between the conveyor motor and the engine battery in a pickup truck, and a second set of electrical conductor connected between the spreader motor and said engine battery.

12. The spreader system of claim 10, wherein the conveyor motor shaft is situated vertically above and spaced from the conveyor drive shaft.

13. The spreader system of claim 10, wherein said transmission includes a jack shaft mounted on the hopper and spaced horizontally from the motor shaft and the conveyor drive shaft.

14. The spreader system of claim 10, wherein the circular members are sprockets and the transmission includes a plurality of additional sprockets operatively connected together between the motor sprocket and the conveyor drive sprocket.

15. The spreader system of claim 14, including a first endless loop between the motor sprocket and a first of said plurality of additional sprockets and second endless loop between a second of said plurality of additional sprockets and the conveyor shaft sprocket.

16. The spreader system of claim 10, wherein the transmission includes a plurality of additional circular members of differing diameters operatively interposed between the first and second circular members to multiply a speed reduction between the motor drive shaft and the conveyor drive shaft.

17. The spreader system of claim 16, wherein each of the first and second circular members is operatively connected to one of said additional circular members, by an endless loop.

18. The spreader system of claim 17, wherein the circular members are sprockets and the endless loops are chains.