Patent Application
20210119521
The present disclosure relates to induction machines, and more particularly to electric motors and generators. The present disclosure further concerns the arrangement of rotor bars and rotor groove of such induction machines.
In induction machines, particularly in the ones having a rotor assembly of the squirrel cage-type, rotor bars are closely fitted within corresponding rotor grooves of the rotor frame.
The magnetic flux used to induce a current in the rotor bars and consequently magnetize the rotor, also encompasses magnetic flux harmonics, which have been found to induce eddy currents not contributing towards the operation of the induction machines, but increase losses and reduce efficiency thereof.
A high-density region of such eddy currents has been found to be induced at a radially outer corner area of the rotor bar. Previous attempts to attenuate these eddy currents have been focused on re-shaping the corner area, while maintaining the configuration of having the rotor bar closely fitted with the rotor groove. However, such attempts have not been able to provide optimal results.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide an induction machine so as to alleviate induction of eddy currents at rotor bars' corner regions of such an induction machine.
The object of the disclosure is achieved by the induction machine characterized by what is stated in the independent claim. The preferred embodiments of the disclosure are disclosed in the dependent claims.
The disclosure is based on the idea of providing a chamfer region at a position where eddy currents are typically induced, i.e. a radially outer internal corner region of the rotor groove.
Providing the chamfer regions effectively prevents, or at least reduces, the induction of eddy currents at the radially outer internal corner region of the rotor groove. Simultaneously, such a chamfer region maintains the magnetic saliency of the rotor groove, as compared to prior art arrangements, thus contributing to torque creation.
Suitably, the chamfer region has a relatively low magnetic permeability with respect to the rotor frame and a relatively high electrical resistivity with respect to the rotor bar.
An advantage of such an induction machine is that losses caused by eddy currents are significantly reduced without substantially reducing the performance of the induction machine.
In the following the disclosure will be described in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
According to the present disclosure, an electric induction machine 1 is provided. The Induction machine comprises a housing 2 having an inner space, a stator assembly 3 arranged annularly within the inner space of the housing and a shaft 4 rotatably supported so as to concentrically extend through the stator assembly 3.
A rotor assembly 5 is provided as fixed to and surrounding the shaft 4 within the inner space, the rotor assembly 5 being disposed concentrically with and inside the stator assembly 3. The rotor assembly 5 further comprises a cylindrical rotor frame 6.
A plurality of axially extending longitudinal rotor grooves 7 are spaced circumferentially along the rotor frame 6, and a plurality of longitudinal rotor bars are 8 accommodated within the rotor grooves 7. The rotor slots 7 and rotor bars 8 have a corresponding, generally rectangular cross-sectional shape. In other words, the cross-sectional shape of the rotor slots 7 and the rotor bars 8 is rectangular, with the addition of chamfer region(s) 9, discussed in more detail below.
Furthermore, a chamfer region 9 is provided between each respective rotor groove 7 and rotor bar 8, at a position corresponding to a radially outer internal corner region 7a of the rotor groove. In the context of this disclosure, the term corner region is used to reflect the region of the rotor groove 7 at which the surface thereof transitions from extending generally in the radial direction of the rotor frame 6 to extending generally in the tangential direction of the rotor frame 6. Particularly, it should be noted, that the corner region 7a encompasses, e.g. a curvature smoothly transitioning between generally radially extending and generally tangentially extending surfaces.
The rotor groove 7 may comprise a slit 7b open towards an outer circumference of the rotor frame 6. Preferably, but not necessarily, the slit 7b extends axially along the whole length of the corresponding rotor groove 7. This enables, for example, the rotor bar 8 received within the rotor groove 7 to be punched via the slit 7b so as to cause the rotor bar 8 to slightly deform and at least partially press against the walls of the rotor groove, thereby securing the rotor bar 8 in place.
In such a case, the chamfer region 9 may preferably, but not necessarily, extend up to the slit 7b in the tangential direction of the rotor frame 6. In other words, the chamfer region 9 is positioned only at a radially outer internal corner region 7a of the rotor groove between the rotor groove 7 and the rotor bar 8, while leaving the portion of the rotor bar 8 at the slit 7b intact.
This is particularly advantageous, because the portion of the rotor bar 8 at the slit 7b contributes towards performance of the induction machine. To be more specific, the portion of the rotor bar 8 at the slit 7b contributes in starting torque performance and is particularly in e.g. pumping applications, where an electric motor is used to drive a pump.
That is, providing the chamfer region 9 as extend up (but not into) to the slit 7b in the tangential direction of the rotor frame 6, allows reducing eddy-current induced losses and thereby increasing the efficiency of the motor, while maintaining starting torque performance critical to pumping applications. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the chamfer region 9 has a relative magnetic permeability less than that of the rotor frame 6, and an electrical resistivity higher than that of the rotor bar 8. This can be achieved, for example by providing the chamfer region 9 as a gap between the respective rotor groove 7 and rotor bar 8. Alternatively, or in addition, the chamfer region 9 may be provided as any material having suitable properties, as described above, such as resin, particularly epoxy resin. Accordingly, examples of suitable materials for the rotor bar 8 include copper and aluminum, whereas an example of a suitable material for the rotor frame 6 include iron.
Advantageously, the relative permeability of the chamfer region 9 is at least an order of magnitude, preferably multiple orders of magnitude, lower than that of the rotor frame 6.
Preferably, but not necessarily, the chamfer region 9 has a relative magnetic permeability of 0-400, more preferably 0-40, most preferably 0-4. In the context of the present disclosure, the term relative magnetic permeability is used to denote the magnetic permeability of a material as compared to that of vacuum.
Advantageously, the electrical resistivity of the chamfer region 9 is at least an order of magnitude, preferably multiple orders of magnitude, higher than that of the rotor bar 8.
Preferably, but not necessarily, the chamfer region has an electrical resistivity in the range of 10−6-1021 Ω·m, more preferably 102-1021 Ω·mm, most preferably 1012-1021 Ω·mm.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a minimum diameter of the chamfer region 9 is larger than a manufacturing-tolerances derived maximum clearance between the respective rotor groove 7 and rotor bar 8, if any. That is, any possible clearance due to the manufacturing and/or fitting between the respective groove 7 and rotor bar 8 do not constitute a chamfer region 9. It should be noted, that the term minimum diameter is used in this context to denote the length of the shortest line drawn across the cross-section of the chamfer region 9, through a center point thereof, as seen along the axial direction.
Preferably, but not necessarily, the chamfer region 9 has a tangentially extending width and a radially extending height of tat least 1 mm.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a cross-sectional profile of the chamfer region 9 may be provided concave on a side abutting the rotor bar 8, as seen along a longitudinal direction of said rotor bar 8.
This is a particularly suitable arrangement in cases where the rotor bar 8 is fixed to the rotor groove 7 by punching the rotor bar when in place within the rotor groove 7, thereby causing the rotor bar 8 to slightly deform and press against the walls of the rotor groove 7.
Particularly, the concave shape of the chamfer region 9 prevents the chamfer region 9 from being excessively dissipated by the slight deformation, while still enabling the chamfer region to have a relatively small cross-sectional dimension, as compared to other cross-sectional shapes.
According to another embodiment of the present disclosure a cross-sectional profile of the chamfer region 9 is linear on a side abutting the rotor bar 8, as seen along a longitudinal direction of said rotor bar 8.
According to a further embodiment of the present disclosure, each respective rotor groove 7 and rotor bar 8 may comprise two chamfer portions 9 symmetrical with respect to each other along a radial symmetry axis. That is, each respective rotor groove 7 and rotor bar 8 may have two identical chamfer regions 9 at positions corresponding to both radially outer internal corner region 7a of the rotor groove. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous, if the induction machine is to be operated in both rotational directions.
According to a further embodiment of the present disclosure, each respective rotor groove 7 and rotor bar 8 may comprise two chamfer portions 9 unsymmetrical with respect to each other along a radial symmetry axis. That is, each respective rotor groove 7 and rotor bar 8 may have two different chamfer regions 9 at positions corresponding to both radially outer internal corner region 7a of the rotor groove. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous, if the induction machine is to be operated in both rotational directions with different emphasis regarding the chamfer region 9 for each operation direction. For example, two chamfer regions 9 with different cross-sectional areas may be provided for having different emphasis in attenuating losses caused by eddy currents when operating in different rotational directions.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, multiple variations related to the dimensioning of the chamfer region 9 may be provided. In the context of this disclosure, the chamfer region 9 has a height in the radial direction of the rotor frame 6 and a width in the tangential direction of the rotor frame 6.
The chamfer portion 9 may naturally be provided with different height/width-ratios. For example, the height of the chamfer may be ¼-2 of, preferably equal with, the width of the chamfer region 9.
Moreover, in the context of this disclosure, the rotor bar 8 has a height in the radial direction of the rotor frame 6, and a width in the tangential direction of the rotor frame 6.
Preferably, but not necessarily, the height of the chamfer region 9 is 1-10% that of the rotor bar 8.
Preferably, but not necessarily, the width of the chamfer region 9 is 10-90% that of the rotor bar 8.
It should be noted, that the aspects discussed above regarding dimensioning of the chamfer region 9 may be provided independently or in any combination thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the electric induction machine is an electric motor having a pre-determined rotation direction.
In such a case, each respective rotor groove 7 and rotor bar 8 have a single chamfer region 9 at a position corresponding to a radially outer internal corner region 7a on a trailing side of the rotor groove 9 with respect to the pre-determined rotation direction.
This arrangement provides efficient removal of losses caused by eddy currents when the induction machine is used as a motor, while maintaining as much of the effective cross-sectional area of the rotor bar as possible.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the electric induction machine is an electric generator having a pre-determined rotation direction.
In such a case, each respective rotor groove 7 and rotor bar 8 have a single chamfer region 9 at position corresponding to a radially outer internal corner region 7a on a leading side of the rotor groove 9 with respect to the pre-determined rotation direction.
This arrangement provides efficient removal of losses caused by eddy currents when the induction machine is used as a generator, while maintaining as much of the effective cross-sectional area of the rotor bar as possible.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18180967.4 | Jun 2018 | EP | regional |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/EP2019/067314 | Jun 2019 | US |
| Child | 17134712 | US |
