This application is a continuation of PCT Ser. Nr. PCT/US14/15893 filed 11 Feb. 2014 by the present Inventor, which is incorporated by reference.
This application claims the benefit of PPA Ser. Nr 66/1763693 filed 12 Feb. 2013 by the present Inventor, which is incorporated by reference.
Disclosed as related applications and Integrated into this disclosure by specific reference to previous applications by the same inventor are: PPA Ser. Nr 66/1763693 filed 12 Feb. 2013
As quoted from U.S. Pat. No. 6,124,702: “FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C (collectively referred to as FIG. 4) show various alternate embodiments of a representative portion of electronics 130 of system 100 of FIGS. 1-3. The particular electronics shown in FIG. 4 includes only twelve of the thirty-six coils 126 shown in FIGS. 1-3, while providing a complete output signal for a single phase output. The twelve coils 126 shown in FIG. 4 are divided into three sets of four coils that represent three phases: A, B and C. Coils 202-208 correspond to phase A (coil 208′ replaces coil 208 in FIGS. 4B and 4C, and coils 202′-206′ replace coils 202-206 in FIG. 4C); coils 212-218 correspond to phase B (coil 218′ replaces coil 218 in FIGS. 4B and 4C, and coils 212′-216′ replace coils 212-216 in FIG. 4C); and coils 222-228 correspond to phase C (coil 228′ replaces coil 228 in FIGS. 4B and 4C, and coils 202′-206′ replace coils 202-206 in FIG. 4C) (all of coils 202-228 are similar to coils 126 previously described). One primary difference between FIG. 4A and FIGS. 4B and 4C is that coils 208, 218 and 228 of FIG. 4A each have one end coupled to rectifier circuitry 260, while coils 208′, 218′ and 228′ of FIGS. 4B and 4C each have one end coupled to each other. Each configuration, as is described in more detail below, provides advantages and disadvantages when compared with the other.”
“As shown in FIG. 4, each set of armature coils are connected together in series with each pair of coils having an access node therebetween. In FIGS. 4A and 4B, each access node is connected to a switch (i.e., switches 234-238, 244-248 and 254-258), as is one of the outermost coils in each set (i.e., coil 202 to switch 232, coil 212 to switch 242 and coil 222 to switch 252). In FIG. 4A, the other outermost coil is connected directly to the output circuitry as is described below, while in FIG. 4B, the other outermost coils are coupled together. For example, coils 202-208 are connected to switches 232-238; coils 212-218 are connected to switches 242-248; and coils 222-228 are connected to switches 252-258.” “Switches 232-258, which preferably are back-to-back SCRs, are connected to rectifier circuitry 260 that may include any known circuitry capable of combining and rectifying the three phase input signals received from the three sets of armature coils 202-228.” “As shown in FIG. 4, rectifier circuitry 260 includes several diodes 262 formed into an array (FIG. 4A shows twelve diodes, FIG. 4B includes only six, and FIG. 4C includes twenty-four unidirectional thyristors 262′ (SCRs) instead of diodes 262 and switches 232-258). The rectified output is provided to inverter circuitry 270 that also may include any known circuitry capable of inverting the rectified signal to provide a single phase AC output signal. As shown, inverter circuitry 270 includes four switches 272 that are connected together and sequenced to provide the single phase AC output to load R.sub.L. Switches 272 preferably are unidirectional SCRs (or thyristors).”
“System 100 is operated by having prime mover 114 rotate rotor 104 (including permanent magnets 120) at constant or variable speed. The rotation, combined with the permanent magnetic field, induces a voltage in coils 202-228. During the zero voltage crossing of the desired sinusoidal output half-wave, or if no power is to be applied to the electrical load, all of switches 232-258 remain OPEN. During the low voltage portion of the desired sinusoidal output half-wave, any of switches 238, 248 or 258 may be closed at an appropriate time to apply timed pulses to the electrical load thereby constructing the appropriate low voltage portion of the desired sinusoidal output half-wave. As the voltage of the desired output half-wave increases, any of switches 236, 246 or 256 may be closed at the appropriate time to construct a higher voltage portion of the half-wave. Still higher voltage portions of the output half-wave are constructed by appropriately closing any of switches 234, 244 or 254. At the peak voltage portion of the desired sinusoidal output half-wave, any of switches 232, 242 or 252 may be appropriately closed.”
“One advantage of the configuration shown in FIG. 4C is that it does not require any passive diodes (i.e., diodes 262), while using the same number of active switches as the circuitry of FIG. 4B to achieve the same switching resolution. The elimination of diodes 262 results in a reduction of the number of semiconductor conduction losses, as well as a reduction in the cost of the electronics. It should be noted that each of switches 232 through 238, 242 through 248 and 252 through 258, shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B are each comprised of two semiconductor devices oriented for conduction of current in opposite directions. The voltage step resolution obtained in FIG. 4C is the same as that obtained in FIG. 4B—7 steps per phase—as opposed to that of FIG. 4A—only 4 steps per phase.”
“It also should be noted that the circuit of FIG. 4C also is preferred for motoring, in which case inverter switches 272 may be used for modulation of the input power source, which can be a DC power supply or a source of either high or low frequency AC. For some input waveforms, the four inverter switches 272 must be transistors or other devices capable of being turned OFF while conducting current. These devices can include, for example, thyristors if a means of forced commutation is provided.”
cross-sectional view of the electrical machine cycloconverter of
As quoted from U.S. Pat. No. 6,124,702: “assembly 108 includes a total of thirty-six armature coils 126.”
“also includes a frame 128 that electrical machine 103, mounts 102, engine 114 and electronics 130 are mounted to. Electronics 130 includes the switches that are connected to armature coils 126, and rectifier, inverter and control circuitry that are shown in FIG. 4 and described in more detail below. Electrical machine 103 optionally may provide any number of phases of output power. As shown in FIG. 1, electrical machine 103 provides three phase output power via terminals 132 connected to electronics 130. Moreover, electronics 130 is connected to armature coils 126 via, for example, cable 134”
As quoted from U.S. Pat. No. 6,124,702: “assembly 108 includes a total of thirty-six armature coils 126.”
“also includes a frame 128 that electrical machine 103, mounts 102, engine 114 and electronics 130 are mounted to. Electronics 130 includes the switches that are connected to armature coils 126, and rectifier, inverter and control circuitry that are shown in FIG. 4 and described in more detail below. Electrical machine 103 optionally may provide any number of phases of output power. As shown in FIG. 1, electrical machine 103 provides three phase output power via terminals 132 connected to electronics 130. Moreover, electronics 130 is connected to armature coils 126 via, for example, cable 134.”
An individual self contained chemical reaction or properties of voltage cell of a chemical battery or an individual capacitor construction is defined here as an individual chemical cell. References to a coil or pole are defined here as being part of a the stator of a rotating electromagnetic motor or generator. Descriptions, drawings and other references to single pole motor-generator configurations are also the description of distributed and overlapped windings, also described as lapped phase, lap wound stators, staggered coils group and windings controlled in known methods such as rotating field applications for example 3 phase induction type configurations where groups=poles×phases, pole pitch=circumference of stator/poles.
The invention is a motor generator battery architecture for maximizing charging and discharging utilization of the batteries in a battery motor generator combination and thereby reduce the time required to charge batteries.
Each individual chemical cell has a limit to the amount of amperage of recharging. When the chemical cells are placed in series, the maximum amperage stays the same, it does not increase, the watts do increase and the charge time increases therefore it takes longer access the full potential of a high voltage battery pack made up of many chemical cells in series. The invention accesses the individual charging maximum potential of each individual cell.
The invention can produce and absorb the low voltage and high amperage of individual chemical cells for propulsion and generation utility which unexpectedly contradicts an industry wide philosophy of higher voltage battery packs to access short term recharging battery capacity spread across many batteries, with the disadvantage that the existing design battery packs usually are not deeply discharged, and are often unable to accept regenerative braking energy recovery because the battery packs are fully charged. This invention's ability to deeply discharge and then accept large amounts of regenerative braking energy recovery, results in more efficient use of the batteries carried. Therefore with this invention the amount and weight of batteries carried can be reduced for the same performance. For example the invention's advantages can be used in electric vehicles, or electric vehicles that can be towed by other vehicles or backwards driven by other rotating machines or within self contained vehicles containing an internal combustion engine commonly known as a hybrid.
Battery chemical cell voltages may be as low as 1 to 3 volts with a group of batteries interaction with the motor adding up to hundreds of amperes, it is unexpected and unperceived to operate at such low voltage and high amperage.
Other prior art methods such as “cyclo converting” in U.S. Pat. No. 6,124,702 require switching of the coils between series and parallel to make changes, this invention is completely independent of grouping coils and batteries by switching. The 2 or many more individual coil and battery combinations are only interconnected by logical command not directly connected to the operating voltages of the coil and battery combinations.
The motor generator battery architecture and type and methods of electrical control can be synthesized by logical commands of individually independently enabled pole, controller and battery configurations. Therefore the motor generator battery architecture can adapt to a variety of external electrical inputs and outputs.
While the motor-generator is still in operation, individual cells can be removed from discharge so as to be protected from over discharge cell reversal damage. Individual cells can be charged while other cells are being discharged all while the vehicle is still in operation. An individual cell can be protected from overcharge while other cells are being charged. The motor-generator battery can continue to function usefully with failed or inoperative poles. Single failed pole batteries or controllers can be individually replaced, avoiding motor replacement costs and delays and shipping. In some designs ‘stator’ pole coil(s) could be changed without rewinding an entire machine stator, as the pole windings are not interconnected inside the motor-generator. In existing designs a single chemical cell failure or controller failure can disable the vehicle and require replacement of entire battery packs, controllers or motor-generators.
The invention reduces the distance of connecting wire and therefore reduces collapsing field controller switching flyback inductance between battery, controller and coil. Long conductors may induce currents upon field collapse, which may destroy switching components and force the use of protection capacitors to absorb the collapsing field energy. Voltage may drop on the rise of current and rise on the drop of current due the inductance of the conductors. Long cables are heavy and may consume precious or semiprecious metals. Long cables get hot, waste energy and melt. In the invention the high current goes over a short path, and many paths distributed for cooling with large surface area to watts conducted as compared to few large cables. The short distances reduce wire heating losses from ordinary conductor resistance and save vehicle weight.
The inventions allows distribution of controller and batteries around the motor generator frame therefore allowing the use of a single cooling system that may be powered by a shaft driven fan for direct air cooling flowing over each individual component and chemical cell or its cooling interface.
To accomplish the invention, each individual stator pole winding has its own voltage and amperage matched battery, capacitor or storage device pack or packs and winding system controller or controllers which are signaled for operations and timing for the operation of all the similar other windings in the the whole Electric Motor, Generator and battery combination without the necessity of wired interconnection of whole Electric Motor, Generator and battery combination winding electrical power in order to accomplish Electric Motor, Generator and battery combination functions. Each individual winding may be connected to one separate controller, and to only one separate chemical battery cell with no other interconnection to other systems except a detection or signaling method to determine controller operation in concert with other individual windings.
A configuration is illustrated in
In
Also shown
The batteries and controllers could be spaced around the motor in a manner similar to the evolution of the radial piston aircraft engines of increasing piston numbers with the engine shaft mounted fan or turbine providing air cooling. Or the wiring and controller and batteries could be exit the motor generator parallel to the shaft for a cooling arrangement of a long tube similar to the history of the radial or axial flow jet engine. The rotor could be held in a non magnetic vacuum chamber for reduced rotational losses in a augmented flywheel motor combination.
Nothing stated herein precludes or excludes other combinations and arrangements of the methods and mechanisms disclosed herein.
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