The invention relates to electric motors, in particular electric motors of which the stator poles are arranged in a consequent pole arrangement.
A wide variety of variants of electric motors are known from the prior art. One group of electric motors are the brush-commutated DC motors in which stator poles are formed by permanent magnets in order to provide a rotor, which is provided with a rotor winding, such that it can rotate about the stator arrangement (in the case of external-rotor motors) or in the stator arrangement (in the case of internal-rotor motors).
Only some of the stator poles of the stator arrangement can be formed with permanent magnets. In particular, in the case of a consequent pole arrangement, only each second stator pole in the circumferential direction can be provided with a permanent magnet. The remaining stator poles which are situated therebetween can be formed by a magnetically permeable pole shoe without permanent magnets. In this case, the pole shoe is magnetically permeably connected to the magnet poles of the permanent magnets, for example by means of a pole housing of the stator arrangement, said magnet poles being situated opposite the magnet poles which are oriented in the direction of the rotor.
In stator arrangements with stator poles in a consequent pole arrangement, the magnetic flux which is generated by the permanent magnets generally enters the armature almost entirely by means of the rotor teeth of the rotor and passes through the rotor winding which is arranged on the rotor. A large portion of this magnetic flux is passed to the consequent poles of the stator arrangement by means of the armature. However, a not inconsiderable proportion of the magnetic flux which is generated by the permanent magnet exits at the end faces of the rotor in the axial direction and therefore is not linked to the rotor coils of the rotor winding which are associated with the rotor teeth which face the consequent poles. This proportion of the magnetic flux is called the stray flux, does not form any torque and therefore reduces the efficiency.
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an electric motor in which a relatively high degree of efficiency of the electric motor can be achieved in spite of the stray flux, which is caused on account of the consequent pole arrangement, at end faces of the rotor.
According to a first aspect, a rotary electric motor is provided. The electric motor comprises:
One idea for designing an electric motor with an optimized degree of efficiency involves firstly reducing the proportion of stray flux in the total magnetic flux which is coupled into the armature, and secondly achieving the greatest possible degree of efficiency in respect of the flux linkage between the rotor and the stator pole with regard to the non-reactive resistance of the rotor winding of the rotor. In particular, the maximum flux linkage at the minimum electrical resistance is achieved by a square or circular coil cross section. Since the coil sides in the direction of a circumferential direction in the rotor are smaller than the axial length of the rotor, this produces optimum axial lengths of the rotor which are smaller than the rotor diameter. As the number of pairs of poles of the rotor increases, and therefore the winding step becomes smaller, the length/diameter ratio of the rotor which is optimum for the maximum flux linkage becomes even smaller. As described above, in the case of consequent pole motors, the stray flux over the end faces of the rotor is not inconsiderable and increases so as to produce small length/diameter ratios, this leading to a reduction in the degree of efficiency. For this reason, a reduction in the length/diameter ratio leads to an impaired degree of efficiency in respect of the magnetic flux used, particularly in the case of motor designs with a relatively large number of pairs of poles in the rotor.
It has been found that the optimum length/diameter ratio of the rotor is always between 1 and 2 for various kinds of consequent pole motors. That is to say, the degree of efficiency of the electric motor can be optimized since a high flux linkage with a low non-reactive resistance of the rotor coils is achieved with a simultaneously low stray flux.
Furthermore, the stator arrangement can be of four-pole design.
According to one embodiment, the rotor can be formed with four or six rotor teeth. As an alternative, the number of rotor teeth can amount to 10 or more.
According to a further embodiment, the electric motor can correspond to a brush-commutated DC motor.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explained in greater detail below with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
The rotor 6 is arranged with its armature on a shaft which extends along a center axis A and is mounted in a rotatable manner. The armature of the rotor 6 is fitted with a rotor winding 9, the rotor coils of said rotor winding being wound around rotor teeth 5 of the armature. A commutator (not shown) serves to supply current to the rotor coils. The commutator is formed such that current is supplied to the rotor coils such that the rotor teeth 5 generate a magnetic field which leads to the rotor 6 being driven in a desired direction of rotation.
The pole housing 2 has two mutually opposite permanent magnet stator poles P which are formed with permanent magnets 3. The permanent magnet stator poles are situated opposite one another in relation to the center axis A and the permanent magnets 3 have the same magnetic polarity in the direction of the center axis A. For example, the magnet poles of the permanent magnets 3 which are directed toward the center axis A can correspond to a magnetic north pole.
The pole housing 2 also has two mutually opposite consequent poles 4 which are not formed with permanent magnets. The consequent poles 4 can be formed with a pole shoe and be defined by a magnetically permeable region of the pole housing 2. The pole shoe replicates a contour which substantially corresponds to the movement path of an area which faces the pole housing 2.
The consequent poles 4 are magnetically connected by means of the magnetically permeable pole housing 2 to the magnet poles of the permanent magnets 3 of the permanent magnet stator poles (P), which magnet poles are situated opposite the magnet poles which face the rotor 6. The pole shoes of the consequent poles 4 have an area which is directed toward the rotor 6 and is coupled in a magnetically effective manner to the rotor as a result of its proximity to the armature of the rotor 6.
A further aspect which determines the degree of efficiency of the electric motor 1 is the flux linkage in respect of the non-reactive resistance of the rotor winding. Said flux linkage is at an optimum with a square or circular coil cross section since the largest possible area which is enclosed by the rotor coils 9 of the rotor winding with a low non-reactive resistance is achieved in this case. If, in the case of the armature of the electric motor 1, the coil geometry differs from the square coil cross section in the direction of rectangular coil cross sections, the total degree of efficiency of the electric motor 1 likewise reduces by a flux linkage factor WF. Since the width of the rotor coil generally depends on the diameter d of the rotor 6 (inside diameter in the case of external rotors), the optimum degree of efficiency in respect of the flux linkage is found at a length/diameter ratio l/d of the rotor of between 0.3 and 0.8.
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Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2011 075 195.5 | May 2011 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/EP2012/056741 | 4/13/2012 | WO | 00 | 11/22/2013 |