Electric power converter

Abstract

An electric power converter, electric power conversion system and method that, without using a DC-DC converter, uses and allots the electric power of plural power sources while reducing the volume and losses. At least one phase of the motor is connected to plural power sources and generates and synthesizes pulses from output voltages of plural power sources so as to drive the multi-phase AC motor. A different phase of the motor is connected to one DC power source and generates pulses from the output voltage of the power source so as to generate a driving voltage for the multi-phase AC motor. This arrangement allows use/allotment of the power of plural power sources with a reduced number of semiconductor components.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The description herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is circuit diagram illustrating components of an electric power converter according to the first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a waveform illustrating the current waveform of a motor (U-phase current iu, V-phase current iv) when the motor is driven while the feed electric power is shared by the fuel cell and the battery in the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating components of the electric power conversion control system in the first embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating in detail the current control part shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating in detail the electric power control/modulation rate arithmetic operation part shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the arithmetic operation in computing the modulation rate;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the input/output value in the modulation rate offset arithmetic operation unit of the electric power control/modulation rate arithmetic operation part shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the input/output values of the voltage offset compensation value arithmetic operation unit that computes the voltage offset compensation value;

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram illustrating the U-phase in FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the waveform of the sawtooth waves used in the PWM pulse generating part shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 11 is a waveform diagram illustrating generation of pulses of driving signal A and driving signal E by means of a sawtooth wave comparison;

FIG. 12 is a waveform diagram illustrating generation of pulses of driving signal D and driving signal C by means of a sawtooth wave comparison;

FIG. 13 is a waveform diagram illustrating an example of pulse generation attached with dead time Td;

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram illustrating the components of the driving signal processor part shown in FIG. 8;

FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram illustrating alternative components of the electric power converter shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram illustrating alternative components of the electric power converter shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating components of the electric power conversion control system according to a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating in additional detail the electric power converter shown in FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating the modulation rate offset arithmetic operation part according to a third embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 20 a is a phase current waveform illustrating the case when voltage offset compensation is not performed;

FIG. 20 b is a phase current waveform illustrating the case wherein a voltage offset value is added;

FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating the modulation rate offset arithmetic operation part according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating the electric power control/modulation rate arithmetic operation part according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating the components of the electric power conversion control system according to a sixth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating in detail the components of the torque control part shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 25 is a flow chart illustrating processing of the electric power controller in the sixth embodiment;

FIG. 26 is a diagram schematically illustrating the selection of the sign of the d-axis current and the selection of high frequency current;

FIG. 27 includes graphs illustrating an example of the result of electric power control in the sixth embodiment;

FIG. 28 is a block diagram illustrating the components of the electric power conversion control system in a seventh embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 29 is a block diagram illustrating in detail the torque control part shown in FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is a flow chart illustrating processing of the electric power controller in the seventh embodiment;

FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating the braking device installed on the output shaft of the motor in the electric power conversion control system according to the eighth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 32 is a block diagram illustrating in detail the torque control part in the eighth embodiment;

FIG. 33 is a block diagram illustrating the components of the electric power controller shown in FIG. 32;

FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating the clutch device installed on the output shaft of the motor of the electric power conversion control system according to a ninth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 35 is a block diagram illustrating in detail the torque control part in the ninth embodiment;

FIG. 36 is a circuit diagram illustrating the electric power converter in a tenth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 37 is a block diagram illustrating the components of the electric power conversion control system in the tenth embodiment; and

FIG. 38 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of the power source in according to the first through tenth embodiments.

Claims

1. An electric power converter for controlling feed voltages from plural power sources and driving a multi phase AC motor, the converter comprising: an electric power conversion circuit; andan electric power controller operable to control switching devices of the electric power conversion circuit to generate a driving voltage for driving at least a first phase of the motor by generating pulses from output voltages of the plural power sources and to generate a driving voltage for driving a different phase of the motor by generating pulses from an output voltage of only one of the plural power sources.

2. The electric power converter according to claim 1 wherein the plural power sources include at least a first power source and a second power source; and wherein the electric power conversion circuit further comprises: a first switching device between a high potential side of the first power source and the first phase of the motor;a second switching device between a high potential side of the second power source and the first phase of the motor;a third switching device between a common low potential side of the first power source and the second power source and the first phase of the motor;a fourth switching device between the high potential side of the first power source and the different phase of the motor; anda fifth switching device between a low potential side of the first power source and the different phase of the motor.

3. The electric power converter according to claim 2 wherein the third switching device includes a diode and an active element without a reverse blocking function;the first switching device includes an element having a reverse blocking function;the second switching element includes an element having a reverse blocking function;the fourth switching device includes a diode and an active element without a reverse blocking function; andthe fifth switching device includes a diode and an active element without a reverse blocking function.

4. The electric power converter according to claim 1 wherein the electric power controller is further operable to: generate pulses of a first ON time average value for each period of an electrical angle for switching devices of the first phase, the pulses corresponding to an allotment instruction of electric power of the plural power sources; and wherein the first ON time average value is different from a second ON time average value for each period of the electrical angle of the different phase.

5. The electric power converter according to claim 4 wherein the electric power controller further comprises: a voltage offset compensation part operable to compensate for a difference between a phase voltage of the first phase and a phase voltage of the different phase.

6. The electric power converter according to claim 5 wherein the voltage offset compensation part is further operable to: impart an offset value related to a voltage instruction value of the different phase to a voltage instruction value of the first phase.

7. The electric power converter according to claim 6 wherein the voltage offset compensation part is further operable to: subtract the offset value from the voltage instruction value of the first phase before allotment of the first voltage instruction value to each of the plural power sources.

8. The electric power converter according to claim 6 wherein the voltage offset compensation part is further operable to: subtract the offset value from allotted voltage instruction values associated with respective ones of the plural power sources after allotment of the voltage instruction value of the first phase to each of the plural power sources.

9. The electric power converter according to claim 8 wherein the voltage offset compensation part is further operable to: add the offset value to or subtract the offset value from a first allotted voltage instruction value generated from one of the plural power sources with a highest power source voltage among the plural power sources.

10. The electric power converter according to claim 6 wherein the voltage offset compensation part is further operable to: compute the offset value from voltage values of the plural power sources and an allotment proportion of the phase instruction value of the first phase.

11. The electric power converter according to claim 5 wherein the voltage offset compensation part is further operable to: compute a feedforward offset value from voltage values of the plural power sources and an allotment proportion of the phase instruction value of the first phase;detect a phase current of the first phase;compute a feedback offset value from a difference between a phase current instruction value and the phase current of the first phase; andcompute the offset value from sum of the feedforward offset value and the feedback offset value.

12. The electric power converter according to claim 5 wherein the voltage offset compensation part is further operable to: compute a feedforward offset value from voltage values of the plural power sources and an allotment proportion of the phase instruction value of the first phase;detect a DC current component of the phase current;compute a feedback offset value from a difference between a DC current instruction value of the first phase and the DC current component of the phase current; andcompute the offset value from sum of the feedforward offset value and the feedback offset value.

13. The electric power converter according to claim 1 wherein the electric power controller further comprises: a motor torque controller operable to generate a current instruction value of the motor from a torque instruction value and rotation velocity of the motor; anda charge power controller operable to generate a charge current instruction value of the motor from each electric power instruction values of the plural power sources.

14. The electric power converter according to claim 14 wherein the charge power controller is further operable to: generate a d-axis current instruction value from a electrical angle and the electric power instruction values; andset a sign of the d-axis current of the first phase based on the electric power instruction values.

15. The electric power converter according to claim 14 wherein the multi phase AC motor is a 3 phase AC motor and the first phase is a U phase; and wherein the charge power controller is further operable to, when a power source connected only to the U phase is charged: set a sign of the d-axis current instruction value as negative in an electrical angle range where a cosine determined using the electrical angle is positive; andset the sign of the d-axis current instruction value as positive in an electrical angle range where the cosine determined using the electrical angle is negative.

16. The electric power converter according to claim 14 wherein the multi phase AC motor is a 3 phase AC motor and the first phase is a U phase; and wherein the charge power controller is further operable to, when a power source connected to plural phases is charged: set a sign of the d-axis current instruction value as positive in an electrical angle range where a cosine determined using the electrical angle is positive; andset the sign of the d-axis current instruction value as negative in an electrical angle range where the cosine determined using the electrical angle is negative.

17. The electric power converter according to claim 14 wherein the multi phase AC motor is a 3 phase AC motor and the at least a first phase is a U phase and a V phase; and wherein the charge power controller is further operable to, when a power source connected only to the U phase and the V phase is charged: set a sign of the d-axis current instruction value of a current of at least one of the U phase and V phase as negative in an electrical angle range where a cosine determined using the electrical angle is positive; andset a sign of the d-axis current instruction value of the current of at least one of the U phase and V phase as positive in an electrical angle range where the cosine determined using the electrical angle is negative.

18. The electric power converter according to claim 14 wherein the multi phase AC motor is a 3 phase AC motor and the at least a first phase is a U phase and a V phase; and wherein the charge power controller is further operable to, when the only one of the plural power sources is charged: set a sign of a d-axis current instruction value of a current of at least one of the U phase and V phase as positive in an electrical angle range where a cosine determined using the electrical angle is positive; andset the sign of the d-axis current instruction value of the current of at least one of the U phase and V phase as negative in an electrical angle range where the cosine determined using the electrical angle is negative.

19. The electric power converter according to claim 13 wherein the charge power controller is further operable to: generate a d-axis current instruction value of the motor from a electrical angle and the electric power instruction values;generate a virtual electrical angle of the motor;selectively input the virtual electrical angle to a dq/3 phase conversion part of the electric power controller; andprohibit input of the virtual electrical angle to the dq/3 phase conversion part based on a value of the electrical angle of the motor.

20. The electric power converter according to claim 13, further comprising: mechanical braking of the motor; and wherein the charge power controller is further operable to engage the mechanical braking while the current instruction value of the motor is generated.

21. The electric power converter according to claim 13, further comprising: a device for mechanically releasing the motor and a load shaft; and wherein the charge power controller is further operable to initiate a release while the current instruction value of the motor is generated.

22. An electric power conversion system for driving a multi phase AC motor including plural power sources, the plural power sources including at least a first power source and a second power source, the system comprising: an electric power converter configured to connect the first power source, the second power source and the motor, the electric power converter including: switches connected the plural power sources and operable to produce a first driving voltage for driving the motor by generating pulses from output voltages of the plural power sources; anda switch connected to only one of the plural power sources and operable to produce a second driving voltage for driving the motor by generating pulses from an output voltage of the only one of the plural power sources.

23. A control method for an electric power converter for driving a multi phase AC motor using plural power sources, the method comprising: generating voltage instruction values of each phase of the motor including a first voltage instruction value of a phase generating pulses from output voltages of the plural power sources;allotting the first voltage instruction value to respective voltage instruction values of each power source corresponding to an electric power allotment target;computing a modulation rate of an operation of a switch corresponding to each power source in the allotting step;correcting the modulation rate of the operation corresponding to each power source in the allotting step using a respective voltage of each power source;computing a modulation rate of an operation of a switch corresponding to a phase generating pulses from only one power source based on a voltage instruction value of the phase generating pulses from the only one power source;computing an offset voltage composed of a phase voltage of the phase generating pulses from only one power source and a phase voltage of the phase generating pulses from the output voltages of each of the plural power sources;amending a voltage instruction value of the phase generating pulses from the output voltages of the plural power sources;actuating a switch of the phase generating pulses from the output voltages of the plural power sources based on the modulation rate amended by the switch operation corresponding to the power sources; andactuating a switch of the phase generating pulses from the only one power source based on the modulation rate of the phase generating pulses from the only one power source.