Patent Grant
11800207
The present invention relates generally to electric shavers having electronic imaging functions.
Razors are known as a bladed tool primarily used in the shaving off of unwanted body hair. Electric shavers are known as an alternative to razors for removal of hair and/or slicing hair down to the level of the skin. Such shavers are commonly used by men to remove their facial hair (such as beard, mustache and whiskers) and by women to remove their leg, underarm and other hair. Electric shavers, also known as ‘electric razors’ or ‘electric dry shavers’, commonly include of a set of oscillating or rotating blades, which are held behind a perforated metal foil that prevents the blades from coming into contact with the skin. In some designs a rotary type of shaver is used, wherein the blades are circular having a circular motion, while other shavers use oscillating blades. Blade movement is powered by a small DC motor, commonly powered by rechargeable batteries. Some electric shavers are plugged directly into an AC outlet to be powered therefrom.
Good visibility of the skin surface involved with the shaving is essential for quick, convenient, easy and effective shaving. In many cases, such as in a facial shaving, direct eye-contact during shaving cannot be made, and a mirror needs to be used. However, a mirror may not be available in all locations. Further, in the case of a foggy or dark environment, the image in the mirror cannot be seen well. Further, the hand holding the shaver and the shaver unit itself may hide and interfere with the required image of the shaving area.
An electric shaver containing a microcomputer and display means is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,274,735 to Okada entitled: “Electric Shaver”. In addition, an electric shaver including a display and light receiving means is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,988 to Momose entitled: “Electric Shaver”.
In consideration of the foregoing, it would be an advancement in the art to provide a method and system that is simple, cost-effective, faithful, reliable, has a minimum part count, minimum hardware, or uses existing and available components allowing convenient or better visualization of the skin during shaving, and in particular the shaving area. Such visualization may aid a person in determining how to adjust their shaving to produce the best shave. The shaving area refers to the skin surface area that is of interest to user for shaving, either required to be shaved, under shaving or after being shaved.
Furthermore, it would be highly advantageous to have a method and system providing a close, better and easier shaving experience by allowing a better viewing of the skin that is about to be shaved or was already shaved, preferably without the need of a mirror, under a dark environment, or under a condition where sufficient light is not provided. This will allow the user of the electric shaver to have real-time feedback on the shaving activity.
In one aspect of the present invention, a method and apparatus for using digital imaging or digital photography of the shaving area is described. Digital camera functionality is added to an portably hand-held housing of an electric shaver, allowing the shaving area image (either as still image or as video) to be captured, stored, manipulated and displayed on a display unit. The image capturing hardware is integrated with the electric shaver, and the image captured is reconstructed faithfully and displayed on a display unit for the user to view. The shaving improvement can benefit human hair removal such as facial or leg hair removal.
The image capturing hardware integrated with the electric shaver contains a photographic lens (through a lens opening) focusing the required image onto an image sensor. The image is converted into a digital format by an image sensor AFE (Analog Front End) and an image processor. The display unit uses a display interface to convert the digital image to a signal suitable to be displayed on the screen of the display.
In another aspect of the present invention, the display unit is integrated with the electric shaver. The display can be of a flip type, wherein the screen can be extended for user view only when required, and folded otherwise.
In another aspect of the present invention, the display unit is a separate device housed within a separate enclosure. The digital data representing the captured image is transmitted over a communication medium to the display unit. The display unit receives the digital data from the communication medium and displays it. In this scenario, the electric shaver includes a transmitter (or a transceiver) for transmitting the digital data to the communication medium, and the display unit includes a receiver (or a transceiver) for receiving the digital data from the communication medium. In one aspect according to the invention, the video signal is carried in an analog form over the communication medium, respectively using an analog transmitter and an analog receiver.
The communication between the electric shaver assembly and the display unit can be non-conductive over-the-air wireless, using radio, audio or light based communication, and use various WLAN, WPAN and other technologies. The wireless communication may use a spread-spectrum signal such as multi-carrier (e.g. OFDM, DMT and CDMA), or a single carrier (narrow-band) signal. Each of the wireless signals or the wireless communication links above may be WPAN, WLAN, WMAN, WAN, BWA, LMDS, MMDS, WiMAX, HIPERMAN, IEEE802.16, Bluetooth, IEEE802.15, IEEE802.11 (such as a, b and g), UWB, ZigBee and cellular such as GSM, GPRS, 2.5G, 3G, UMTS, DCS, PCS and CDMA. Similarly, each of the frequency bands above may be part of the ISM frequency bands.
Further, such communication can use a conductive medium such as cables or wires, or any other metallic medium. Standard PAN or LAN cabling and protocols may be used, such as Ethernet 10/100/1000BaseT. In one embodiment, powerline communication is used wherein the AC power wiring is used as the communication medium.
In another aspect of the present invention, a lossy or non-lossy compression of the image information is used for reducing the memory size and reducing the data rate required for the transmission over the communication medium. In this configuration, video compression functionality is added to the shaver, and a video de-compressor is added to the display unit for reconstructing the original signal.
In another aspect of the present invention, one or more light sources are added for better illumination of the photographed area or the shaving area.
In another aspect of the present invention, multiple image capturing mechanisms are used, each containing a lens and image sensor, allowing for capturing of larger shaving area. In one embodiment, each such image capturing can be mounted on a different wall or side of the electric shaver. In one embodiment, the lens is mounted in the cutter side of the shaver, which is in direct contact with the skin surface during shaving.
In another aspect of the present invention, digital image processing is used to analyze the captured image and notify the user (on the display or otherwise) of the results of such analysis. Individual hairs as well as hairy areas can be identified and marked.
In another aspect of the present invention, zooming and still image capturing features are provided, as well as other features commonly associated with still digital cameras and video cameras such as camcorders. Other controls such as brightness may also be provided.
In another aspect of the present invention, various controls are provided to the user by means of buttons and switches located as part of the electric shaver, or as part of the display unit or in both. Various visual indicators can also be employed.
In another aspect of the present invention, the camera added hardware in the shaver is powered from the same power source as the shaver itself, such as a battery (either primary or rechargeable) or from a domestic AC power. Similarly, the display unit may be powered locally from a battery or from the AC power. Further, the cable connecting between the electric shaver and the display unit (for example serving as the communication medium) can also be used to concurrently carry power either from the shaver to power the display unit or from the display unit to power the electric shaver unit.
In another aspect of the present invention, a single cable is used to connect the display unit with the electric shaver. The cable simultaneously carries both the communication signal for displaying the captured image on the display, and a power signal. The power signal can be fed from the display unit to power the electric shaver and its camera module, or alternately fed from the shaver to power the display unit. Carrying both the power and data signals over the same cable can make use of distinct separated wire sets, each set dedicated to one type of a signal. Alternatively, the same wires can carry both signals each over a different frequency band (FDM) or using phantom technique.
In another aspect of the present invention, the captured image is transmitted from the electric shaver using a standard analog or digital video interface, thus allowing the displaying of the video on standard and common video equipment.
One aspect of the present invention involves an electrically operated hair removing device for removing hair from a skin area, containing a casing, the casing further including a camera module for imaging at least part of the skin area, the camera module containing an optical lens for focusing received light mechanically oriented to guide the image of at least part of the skin area, a photosensitive image sensor array disposed approximately at an image focal point plane of the optical lens for capturing the image and producing electronic image information representing the image, and an analog to digital (A/D) converter coupled to the image sensor for generating digital data representation of the image. The image sensor may be based on Charge-Coupled Devices (CCD) or Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS). The device may further contain an electric motor and a cutter driven by the motor, and may be power fed from a battery that is rechargeable or a primary type.
Further, the device may be operative to transmit the image digital data representation over a communication medium, and in such case may contain a port for coupling a signal to the communication medium, an image processor coupled to the analog to digital converter and for generating a digital data video signal carrying a digital data video according to a digital video format, and a transmitter coupled between the port and the image processor for transmitting the digital data video signal to the communication medium. The digital video format may be based on one out of: TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), RAW format, AVI, DV, MOV, WMV, MP4, DCF (Design Rule for Camera Format), ITU-T H.261, ITU-T H.263, ITU-T H.264, ITU-T CCIR 601, ASF, Exif (Exchangeable Image File Format) and DPOF (Digital Print Order Format) standards. Further, the device may be operative to compress the digital data video, and in such a case may further contain a video compressor coupled between the analog to digital (A/D) converter and the transmitter for compressing the digital data video before transmission to the communication medium. The compression may be based on intraframe or interframe compression, and can further be lossy or non-lossy compression. The communication over the communication medium may be half-duplex or full-duplex, and the device may further contain a receiver coupled to the port for receiving information from the communication medium.
In the case of using compression, the compression is based on a standard compression algorithm that is one or more out of JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) and MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), ITU-T H.261, ITU-T H.263, ITU-T H.264 and ITU-T CCIR 601. For example, the compression can be based on ADV212 JPEG 2000 Video Codec, available from Analog Devices, Inc., from Norwood, MA, U.S.A.
In one aspect of the invention the device casing further contains a battery, and the camera module is power fed from the battery. In an alternative solution, the device is operative to be powered from AC power, thus further contains an AC power plug for connecting to an AC power outlet for AC power feeding therefrom, and a power supply connected to the AC power plug to be power fed by the AC power, and the camera module is connected to be powered from the power supply. The power supply may include a step-down transformer and an AC/DC converter for DC powering the camera module.
In one aspect of the invention, the device further contains a display for displaying the captured image, the display may be mechanically attached to the casing and coupled to the analog to digital converter for visual displaying of the image representation. Further, the device may include a standard analog video interface, and in such a case the transmitter is an analog video driver, the analog video interface may be substantially based on one or more out of NTSC, PAL or SECAM formats, analog RGB and S-video, and the port is a coaxial or a RF connector. Alternatively, a standard digital video interface is employed, wherein the transmitter is a digital video driver and the port is a digital data connector. The digital video interface may be substantially based on one or more out of USB, SDI (Serial Digital Interface), FireWire, HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface), DVI (Digital Visual Interface), UDI (Unified Display Interface), DisplayPort, Digital Component Video and DVB.
In one aspect of the invention, the communication medium is free air propagation of electromagnetic radio-frequency waves, and the port is an antenna for transmitting the wireless signal to the air, wherein the transceiver is a wireless transceiver. Such wireless communication and the wireless signal may be based on standard WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) or WLAN (Wireless Local area Network) technologies, and may substantially conform to at least one of the following standards: WMAN, WAN, BWA, LMDS, MMDS, WiMAX, HIPERMAN, IEEE802.16, Bluetooth, IEEE802.15, UWB (Ultra-Wide-band), ZigBee, cellular, IEEE802.11, WirelessHD, GSM, GPRS, 2.5G, 3G, UMTS, DCS, PCS and CDMA.
In one aspect of the invention, the communication medium is a wired medium, the port is a connector, and the transmitter is a wired transmitter adapted to transmit digital data to the wired medium. The communication over the wired medium may be according to a wired PAN (Personal Area Network) or a LAN (Local area Network) standard, and may further be based on serial or parallel transmission. For example, the wired medium may be a LAN cable substantially according to EIT/TIA-568 or EIA/TIA-570 containing a UTP (unshielded Twisted Pair) or STP (Shielded Twisted Pair). In such case the connector is an RJ-45 type, and the communication over the cable may substantially conform to IEEE802.3 Ethernet 10BaseT or 100BaseTX or 1000BaseT, and the transmitter may be a LAN transceiver. In an alternative aspect, the wired transmitter and the connector substantially conform to one out of IEEE1394, USB (Universal Serial Bus), EIA/TIA-232 and IEEE1284.
In one aspect of the invention, the communication medium is a cable, the port is a connector, and the transmitter is a wired transmitter adapted to transmit digital data to the wired medium. Further, the cable concurrently carries a power signal, and the device is at least in part powered from the power signal. The power signal may be a DC (Direct Current) power signal, or an AC (Alternating Current) power signal. The cable may contain multiple insulated wires, and the power signal may be carried over dedicated wires distinct from the wires carrying the communication signal. In the case wherein the cable contains multiple insulated wires, and the wires are used to simultaneously carry both power and communication signals, the power and communication signals are carried over the same wires. In such a case the power may be a DC power carrying over a phantom channel over the wires. For example, the cable may be a LAN cable substantially according to EIT/TIA-568 or EIA/TIA-570 and containing UTP or STP twisted-pairs, the connector may be RJ-45 type, the communication over the cable may substantially conform to IEEE802.3 Ethernet 10BaseT, 100BaseTX, or 1000BaseT, the transmitter may be a LAN transceiver, and the power may be carried over the cable substantially according to IEEE802.3af or IEEE802.3at standards.
Alternatively, the power and communication signals may be carried over the same wires using Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), wherein the power signal is carried over a power frequency, and wherein the communication signal is carried over a communication frequency band distinct and above the power frequency. In this case, the device may further include a low pass filter coupled between the connector and the transmitter for substantially passing only the power frequency, for powering the transmitter from the power signal. Such device may also further include a high pass filter coupled between the connector and the transmitter for substantially passing only the communication frequency band, for passing the communication signal between the connector and the transmitter. In the case where power is AC power, the connector may be an AC power plug for connecting to AC power wiring, and the transmitter may be part of a powerlines modem, such as HomePlug or UPB.
In one aspect of the invention, the device further contains an additional optical lens for focusing received light mechanically oriented to guide the image of at least part of the skin area, an additional photosensitive image sensor array disposed approximately at an image focal point plane of the additional optical lens for capturing the image and producing additional electronic image information representing the image, and an additional analog to digital (A/D) converter coupled to the additional image sensor for generating an additional digital data representation of the image. The device may further include a multiplexer coupled to the analog to digital converters for generating a multiplexed signal containing the digital data representation of the images, a port for coupling a signal to the communication medium, and a transmitter coupled between the port and the image processor for transmitting the multiplexed signal to the communication medium.
In one aspect of the invention, the device further contains a digital image processor for processing the digital data representation of the image. The digital image processor may be operative to identify individual hair or a hairy area in the captured image, and the device may be further operative to generate a digital data representation of the image wherein the individual hairs or the hairy area are marked.
In one aspect of the invention, the device further includes a light source for providing an illumination. The light source may be mechanically mounted for illumination of at least part of the skin area captured by the optical lens and image sensor, and can be an LED (Light Emitting Diode).
The above summary is not an exhaustive list of all aspects of the present invention. Indeed, the inventor contemplates that his invention includes all systems and methods that can be practiced from all suitable combinations and derivatives of the various aspects summarized above, as well as those disclosed in the detailed description below and particularly pointed out in the claims filed with the application. Such combinations have particular advantages not specifically recited in the above summary.
It is understood that other embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein are shown and described only embodiments of the invention by way of illustration. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modification in various other respects, all without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description, drawings and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter. It is intended that all such additional apparatus and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.
In order that the manner in which the above recited and other advantages and features of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the appended figures and drawings. The invention is herein described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying figures and drawings, wherein like designations denote like elements. Understanding that these drawings only provide information concerning typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered limiting in scope:
a illustrate schematically views of an electric shaver according to the invention;
The principles and operation of a network according to the present invention may be understood with reference to the figures and the accompanying description wherein similar components appearing in different figures are denoted by identical reference numerals. The drawings and descriptions are conceptual only. In actual practice, a single component can implement one or more functions; alternatively, each function can be implemented by a plurality of components and circuits. In the figures and descriptions, identical reference numerals indicate those components that are common to different embodiments or configurations. Identical numerical references (even in the case of using different suffix, such as 5, 5a, 5b and 5c) refer to functions or actual devices that are either identical, substantially similar or having similar functionality. It will be readily understood that the components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of the embodiments of the apparatus, system, and method of the present invention, as represented in the figures herein, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of embodiments of the invention.
The digital camera 31 includes lens 39 (or few lenses) for focusing the received light onto a small semiconductor sensor 32. The sensor 32 commonly includes a panel with a matrix of tiny light-sensitive diodes (photocells), converting the image light to electric charges and then to electric signals, thus creating a video picture or a still image by recording the light intensity. Charge-Coupled Devices (CCD) and CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) are commonly used as the light-sensitive diodes. Linear or area arrays of light-sensitive elements may be used, and the light sensitive sensors may support monochrome (black & white), color or both. For example, the CCD sensor KAI-2093 Image Sensor 1920 (H)×1080 (V) Interline CCD Image Sensor or KAF-50100 Image Sensor 8176 (H)×6132 (V) Full-Frame CCD Image Sensor can be used, available from Image Sensor Solutions, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York.
An image processor block 46 receives the analog signal from the image sensor. The Analog Front End (AFE) in the block 46 filters, amplifies and digitizes the signal, using an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. The AFE further provides correlated double sampling (CDS), and provides a gain control to accommodate varying illumination conditions. In the case of CCD sensor 32, a CCD AFE (Analog Front End) component may be used between the digital image processor 46 and the sensor 32. Such an AFE may be based on VSP2560 'CCD Analog Front End for Digital Cameras' from Texas Instruments Incorporated of Dallas Texas, U.S.A. The block 46 further contains a digital image processor, which receives the digital data from the ATE, and processes this digital representation of the image to handle various industry-standards, and to execute various computations and algorithms. Preferably, additional image enhancements may be performed by the block 46 such as generating greater pixel density or adjusting color balance, contrast and luminance. Further, the block 46 may perform other data management functions and processing on the raw digital image data. Commonly, the timing relationship of the vertical/horizontal reference signals and the pixel clock are also handled in this block. Digital Media System-on-Chip device TMS320DM357 from Texas Instruments Incorporated of Dallas Texas, U.S.A. is an example of a device implementing in a single chip (and associated circuitry) part or all of the image processor 46, part or all of the video compressor 33 and part or all of transceiver 34. In addition to a lens or lens system, color filters may be placed between the imaging optics and the photosensor array to achieve desired color manipulation.
The block 46 converts the raw data received from the photosensor array 32 into a color-corrected image in a standard image file format. In order to transmit the digital image to a remote display over a communication medium 37 (which may contain a wired or non-wired medium), a transmitter or transceiver 34 is disposed between the medium 37 and the image processor 46. The transceiver 34 also includes isolation magnetic components (e.g. transformer-based), balancing, surge protection, and other suitable components required for providing a proper and standard interface via a port 38. In the case of connecting to a wired medium, the port 38 will contain a connector and the port further contains protection circuitry for accommodating transients, over-voltage and lightning, and any other protection means for reducing or eliminating the damage from an unwanted signal over the wired medium. A band pass filter may also be used for passing only the required communication signals, and rejecting or stopping other signals in the described path. A transformer may be used for isolating and reducing common-mode interferences. Further a wiring driver and wiring receivers may be used in order to transmit and receive the appropriate level of signal to and from the wired medium. An equalizer may also be used in order to compensate for any frequency dependent characteristics of the wired medium. Further, the communication over the communication medium 37 can be bi-directional, such as half-duplex or full-duplex, or one-way, wherein the shaver only transmits the image to the display unit.
The port 38 couples to the communication medium 37, and may be a connector in case of wired medium such as a cable or wires, or an antenna in the case of radio-frequency over-the-air wireless transmission.
A controller 35, located within the camera module 31, may be based on a discrete logic or an integrated device, such as a processor, microprocessor or microcomputer, and may include a general-purpose device or may be a special purpose processing device, such as an ASIC, PAL, PLA, PLD, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Gate Array, or other customized or programmable device. In the case of a programmable device as well as in other implementations, a memory is required. The controller 35 commonly includes a memory that may include a static RAM (random Access Memory), dynamic RAM, flash memory, ROM (Read Only Memory), or any other data storage medium. The memory may include data, programs, and/or instructions and any other software or firmware executable by the processor. The control logic can be implemented in hardware or in software, such as a firmware stored in the memory. The controller 35 controls and monitors the device operation, such as initialization, configuration, interface and commands. The term “processor” is meant to include any integrated circuit or other electronic device (or collection of devices) capable of performing an operation on at least one instruction including, without limitation, reduced instruction set core (RISC) processors, CISC microprocessors, microcontroller units (MCUs), CISC-based central processing units (CPUs), and digital signal processors (DSPs). The hardware of such devices may be integrated onto a single substrate (e.g., silicon “die”), or distributed among two or more substrates. Furthermore, various functional aspects of the processor may be implemented solely as software or firmware associated with the processor.
Power to the digital camera module 31 is fed from the battery 24 via on/off switch 25a for its described functions such as for capturing, storing, manipulating, and transmitting the image. The battery 24 power feeds the power supply 36, which provides needed voltages to all the camera module 31 components. The power supply 36 contains a DC/DC converter. In another embodiment, the power supply 36 is power fed from the AC power supply via AC plug 21 and cord 22, and thus may include an AC/DC converter, for converting the AC power (commonly 115 VAC/60 Hz or 220 VAC/50 Hz) into the required DC voltage or voltages. Such power supplies are known in the art and typically involves converting 120 or 240 volt AC supplied by a power utility company to a well-regulated lower voltage DC for electronic devices. In one embodiment, power supplies 36 and 23 are integrated into a single device or circuit, in order to share common circuits. Further, the power supplies 36 and 23 may include a boost converter, such as a buck boost converter, charge pump, inverter and regulators as known in the art, as required for conversion of one form of electrical power to another desired form and voltage. While both power supplies 23 and 36 (either separated or integrated) can be an integral part and housed within the shaver enclosure, they may be enclosed as a separate housing connected via cable to the shaver assembly. For example, a small outlet plug-in step-down transformer shape can be used (also known as wall-wart, “power brick”, “plug pack”, “plug-in adapter”, “adapter block”, “domestic mains adapter”, “power adapter”, or AC adapter). Further, each of the power supplies 23 and 36 may be a linear or switching type.
Various formats that can be used to represent the captured image are TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), RAW format, AVI, DV, MOV, WMV, MP4, DCF (Design Rule for Camera Format), ITU-T H.261, ITU-T H.263, ITU-T H.264, ITU-T CCIR 601, ASF, Exif (Exchangeable Image File Format), and DPOF (Digital Print Order Format) standards. In many cases, video data is compressed before transmission, in order to allow its transmission over a reduced bandwidth transmission system. A video compressor 33 (or video encoder) is shown in
Single lens or a lens array 39 is positioned to collect optical energy representative of a subject or a scenery, and to focus the optical energy onto the photosensor array 32. Commonly, the photosensor array 32 is a matrix of photosensitive pixels, which generates an electric signal that is representative of the optical energy that is directed at the pixel by the imaging optics. The image captured by the sensor 32 via the lens 39 is reconstructed and displayed in a display unit 40, which can be a separated device located at a place convenient to look at while shaving.
While
A system 61 according to one embodiment of the invention includes both electric shaver 60 and display unit 63, as shown in
System operation is exampled as view 70 in
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to human male facial shaving, it is apparent that the invention can apply to any other type of human shaving any part of the body skin. For example, hair leg shaving of a female human is exampled as system 80 in
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to humans shaving hair, it is apparent that the invention equally applies to animals such as pets, wherein there is a need to shave or groom their hair. Further, the invention can be equally applied to any scenario wherein skincare is employed, requiring touching or close proximity with the skin to be treated, such as depilation or epilation. In those cases, a camera module such as module 31 shown in
In one embodiment according to the invention, the electric shaver is cordless, thus untethered and fully portable. In such a configuration, the shaver is battery operated, thus powered from an internal battery during operation without the need to connect to a power source, such as AC power via a cord. Further, the image is transmitted over the air using radio frequency, thus obviating the need for a cable or any other conductor connecting the shaver and the display unit. It is apparent the radio communication of the image can be implemented also in the case of AC powered (via cable) shaver.
A cordless electric shaver 90 is shown in
Any short-range wireless communication based on free-air propagation can be used for communication between the wireless shaver 90 and the display unit 100 in system 110. According to one embodiment of the invention, a WLAN communication link is used to interconnect two or more isolated (W)PAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) systems. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters, hence such networks are confined to a limited space, such as in-room communication. IEEE 802.15 is the working group of the IEEE 802, which specializes in Wireless PAN (WPAN) standards. Non-limiting examples of WPAN systems include:
In addition to above technologies, proprietary networking schemes may also be used for interconnecting the units. Further, the system 110 can make use of WLAN technologies. Currently widespread WLAN technologies (e.g. WiFi) are based on IEEE 802.11 and include IEEE 802.11b, which describes a communication using the 2.4 GHz frequency band and supporting a communication rate of 11 Mb/s, IEEE 802.11a uses the 5 GHz frequency band to carry 54 MB/s and IEEE 802.11g uses the 2.4 GHz band to support 54 Mb/s. Other technologies based on WPAN, WLAN, WMAN, WAN, BWA, LMDS, MMDS, WiMAX, HIPERMAN, IEEE802.16, Bluetooth, IEEE802.15, UWB, ZigBee, cellular, IEEE802.11 standards, GSM, GPRS, 2.5G, 3G, UMTS, DCS, PCS and CDMA may be equally used. Wireless and wired technologies used for home networking can equally be used.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard group, branded as WiFi by the Wi-Fi Alliance of Austin, Texas, USA. IEEE 802.11b describes a communication using the 2.4 GHz frequency band and supporting communication rate of 11 Mb/s, IEEE 802.11a uses the 5 GHz frequency band to carry 54 MB/s and IEEE 802.11g uses the 2.4 GHz band to support 54 Mb/s. This is described in an Intel White Paper entitled “54 Mbps IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN at 2.4 GHz”, and a chip-set is described in an Agere Systems White Paper entitled “802.11 Wireless Chip Set Technology White Paper”, both of these documents being incorporated herein by reference. Such a 802.11 supporting transceiver block 34 may be implemented using WaveLAN™ WL60040 Multimode Wireless LAN media Access Controller (MAC) from Agere Systems of Allentown, PA U.S.A., whose a product brief is incorporated herein by reference, which is part of a full chip-set as described in WaveLAN™ 802.11a/b/g Chip Set document from Agere Systems of Allentown, PA U.S.A., which is incorporated herein by reference. Reference is made to the manufacturer's data sheet Agere Systems, WaveLAN™ WL60040 Multimode Wireless LAN Media Access Controller (MAC), Product Brief August 2003 PB03-164WLAN, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Some wireless technologies, in particular microwave signals used in the WAN and MAN arenas, are using frequencies above 2-3 GHz where the radio path is not reflected or refracted to any great extent. Propagation in such frequencies requires a Line-of-Sight (LOS) relying on a line of sight between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. Using this concept allows for NLOS (Non-LOS) wireless networks to interconnect over a LOS-based communication link. In addition, the wireless technology implemented may use either licensed frequency bands or unlicensed frequency bands, such as the frequency bands utilized in the Industrial, scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency spectrum. In the US, three of the bands within the ISM spectrum are the A band, 902-928 MHz; the B band, 2.4-2.484 GHz (referred to as 2.4 GHz); and the C band, 5.725-5.875 GHz (referred to as 5 GHz). Overlapping and/or similar bands are used in different regions such as Europe and Japan. Further, cellular technologies can also be used, commonly using licensed spectrum. Such digital technologies include GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), 3GSM, DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications), Digital AMPS (per IS-136/TDMA, for example) and iDEN (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network). The service carried over the cellular network may be voice, video or digital data such as the recently introduced EVDO (Evolution Data Only). In one embodiment, a WirelessHD standard based wireless communication is employed, which is based on the 7 GHz of continuous bandwidth around the 60 GHz radio frequency and allows for uncompressed, digital transmission.
Digital cameras utilizing wireless communication are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,535,243 to Tullis entitled: “Wireless Hand-Held Digital Camera”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,552,743 to Rissman entitled: “Digital Camera-Ready Printer”, U.S. Pat. No. 6,788,332 to Cook entitled: “Wireless Imaging Device and System”, and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,666,159 to Parulski et al. entitled: “Electronic camera system with programmable transmission capability”, which are all incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. A display system and method utilizing a cellular telephone having digital camera capability and a television linked directly over a UWB wireless signal is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,327,385 to Yamaguchi entitled: “Home Picture/Video Display System with Ultra Wide-Band Technology”, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
The advantage of using wireless communication is exampled as system 111 in
As described above, communication based on electromagnetic waves in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum can be used for communication. For example, low-frequency electromagnetic radiation can be used to transmit audio-frequency signals over short distances without a carrier. Radio-frequency transmission is a special case of this general electromagnetic transmission. As noted previously, light is also a special case of electromagnetic radiation, but is herein treated separately because of the characteristics of light are distinctly different from those of electromagnetic transmission in other usable parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Non-wired communication accomplished by light, either visible or non-visible light wavelength, can be used for the above transmission. The most popular is infrared (IR) based communication, but ultraviolet may also be used. Most such systems require substantially ‘line-of-sight’ access. In such a system, the antenna 91a in the shaver 90 is replaced with light emitter (e.g. LEDs), and the antenna 91b in the display unit 100 will be replaced with light detectors (e.g. photoelectric cell), and the communication over the air relies on the propagation of light.
Similarly, sound-based communication over space may be used, wherein the transceivers 92 use microphones and speakers, and the communication relies on the propagation of sound waves through the air in the space. Either audible sound (20-20,000 Hz band), or inaudible sound (ultrasonic, above 20,000 Hz; or infrasonic, below 20 Hz) can be used. In this case, the antenna 91 will be substituted with a microphone or a similar device converting the sound signal into an electrical signal, and a speaker or a similar device for generating the audio signal and transmitting it to the air. A transducer combining into a single device both the speaker and the microphone functionalities may also be used. Since these solutions do not require any physical connection, such as cable, they provide both ease-of-use and mobility. Such non-wired solutions are effective over short distances. Furthermore, most of the non-wired solutions cannot easily pass through walls and other such obstructions, owing to the attenuation to the signals. Hence, such techniques are suitable for communication within a single room, but are not suitable for communication between the rooms of a home or other building.
A razor including lighting means is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application 2008/0028616 to KWAK entitled: “Shaver with Lighting Means”. Electric shavers containing illumination means are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,871,402 to Bader et al. entitled: “Electrically driven Hair Removal Device”, and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,988 to Momose entitled: “Electric Shaver”, which are both incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
Electric shaver 120 is shown in
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to capturing a single image using a single lens 39 and a single sensor 32, it is apparent that multiple images can be equally considered, using multiple image capturing mechanisms. An example of two capturing mechanisms is shown for shaver 120 in
In both FDM and TDM schemes, a de-multiplexer is used in the display unit 40, separating the streams and converting into images or video streams to be displayed. Multiple displays (each same as display 45 shown in
Using two or more image capturing components can further be used to provide stereoscopic video, allowing 3-D or any other stereoscopic view of the content, or other methods of improving the displayed image quality of functionality.
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to capturing, transmitting and displaying a visible image, it is apparent that a non-visible spectrum can be equally used, such as infrared and ultraviolet. In such a configuration, the infrared image is captured, and is converted to a visible image on the display. For example, such technique can be used to easily distinguish the skin and the hair, as they are having different temperature and thus distinct infrared signature. In such a system, the sensor 32 is sensitive to the non-visible part of the light spectrum (e.g. infrared), and the light emitters 123a and 123b are illuminating using the corresponding light spectrum, such as infrared light sources.
Powerline communication is known in the art for using the AC power wires in a building for digital data communication. Traditional approaches to powerline communication (e.g., home or office) include applications such as control of lighting and appliances, as well as sending data or broadband data, video or audio. Powerline command communication systems include for example X-10, CEBus (Consumer Electronics Bus per EIA-600 standard), and Lonworks.
The HomePlug organization is an industry trade group for powerline communication including various entities to define powerline communication specifications. HomePlug 1.0 is a specification for a home networking technology that connects devices to each other through power lines in a home. HomePlug certified products connect PCs and other devices that use Ethernet, USB, and 802.11. Many devices made by alliance members have HomePlug built in and connect to a network upon plugging the device into a wall socket in a home with other HomePlug devices. Signal interference, from surge protectors, extension cords, outlet strips and/or other proximately located devices, including the high-frequency signals, is an on-going concern of the HomePlug alliance. Similarly, HomePlug AV (HPAV) is a new generation of technology from the HomePlug Powerline Alliance. HPAV can be for example embedded in consumer electronics or computing products, and provides high-quality, multi-stream, entertainment-oriented networking over existing AC wiring. Users can avoid having to install new wires in their premises by using devices having built-in HomePlug technology. HPAV uses advanced PHY and MAC technologies that provide a 200 Mbps (million bits per second) class powerline network for inter alia video, audio and data. The Physical (PHY) Layer utilizes this 200 Mbps channel rate to provide a 150 Mbps information rate to provide communications over noisy power line channels. As used herein, the terms “powerline” and “powerline communications” refer to any technology that is used to transfer data or signals over a power distribution system, including without limitation UPB, HomePlug, HomePlug a/v, and X-10 technologies. As used herein, the term “UPB” or Universal Powerline Bus refers to one exemplary instance of technologies which impose digital or analog signals or pulses onto AC waveforms or DC power delivery systems, such as for example the well known UPB approach set forth in “Universal Powerline Bus: The UPB System Description”, Version 1.1 dated Sep. 19, 2003, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Lastly, the term “HomePlug” as used herein is meant specifically to include devices and systems compliant with the HomePlug™ Powerline Alliance Specification for powerline-based home networks (including the more recent HomePlug A/V), and generally to include all other comparable devices adapted for powerline networking.
In one embodiment according to the invention, powerline communication is used for the interconnection between the electric shaver and the display unit, such as HomePlug based communication. One advantage in such a configuration is that only a single power cable is used, carrying both the AC power and the communication signal. Such a shaver 140 is shown in
Similarly, display unit 150, shown in
An illustration of a powerline based system is shown as system 160 in
In one embodiment of a non-conductive network medium, a fiber optic cable is used. In such a case, transceiver 34 is a fiber optic transceiver, and similarly port 38 is a fiber optic connector. As such, the term ‘wiring’ and ‘cable’ in this application should be interpreted to include networks based on non-conductive medium such as fiber-optics cabling.
In one embodiment, exampled in
Further, transceiver 34 is adapter to be a wired modem or a wired transceiver suitable for transmitting and receiving over the appropriate wiring used. The communication over such cable can be proprietary or preferably using an industry standard communication, wherein the connections of the shaver and of the display unit to the cable are based on standard connectors and interfaces. The communication may be based on a parallel scheme, wherein multiple wires are used to concurrently carry the digital data, thus allowing a higher transfer rate of the information. In an alternative embodiment, serial communication is used, allowing for few conductors to be used and smaller footprint connectors requiring the usage of less pins and contacts. Various standard PAN (Personal Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network) and LAN (Local Area Network) protocols can be used. In one embodiment, standard LAN (Local Area Network) is used, such as Ethernet IEEE802.3 10BaseT, 100Base TX or 1000BaseT. In such a case the transceiver 34 is Ethernet PHY (i.e. Ethernet physical layer or Ethernet transceiver) that can be implemented based on “LAN83C180 10/100 Fast Ethernet PHY Transceiver” or “LAN91C111 10/100 Non-PCI Ethernet Single Chip MAC+PHY” available from SMSC—Standard Microsystems Corporation of Hauppauge, NY U.S.A. While this function can be implemented by using a single dedicated component, in many embodiments this function is integrated into a single component including other functions, such as handling higher layers. The transceiver 34 may also contains isolation magnetic components (e.g. transformer-based), balancing components, surge protection hardware, and a port 38 is a LAN connector (commonly RJ-45) required for providing a proper and standard interface via connector 34. In one embodiment, standard cabling is used, such as standard LAN cabling. For example, Category 5 cabling (‘structured wiring’) or any other wiring according to EIT/TIA-568 and EIA/TIA-570 can be used. Such LAN cabling involves wire pairs that may be UTP or STP. Similarly, category 3, 4, 5e, 6, 6e and 7 cables may be equally used. Such configuration is described, for example, in EIT/TIA-568 and EIA/TIA-570. It will be appreciated that any wired interface, other than Ethernet 10/100BaseT described above, being proprietary or standard, packet or synchronous, serial or parallel, may be equally used, such as IEEE1394, USB (Universal Serial Bus), EIA/TIA-232, PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect), PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card international Association), or IEEE1284, but not limited to the aforementioned. Furthermore, multiple such interfaces (being of the same type or mixed) may also be used.
A tethered portable electronic camera connectable to a computer is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,402,170 to Parulski et al. entitled: “Hand-Manipulated Electronic Camera Tethered to a Personal Computer”. Electric shavers comprising illumination means are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,871,402 to Bader et al. entitled: “Electrically driven Hair Removal Device”, and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,988 to Momose entitled: “Electric Shaver”, which are both incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. A digital electronic camera which can accept various types of input/output cards or memory cards is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,432,952 to Fukuoka entitled: “Digital Image Capturing Device having an Interface for Receiving a Control Program”, and the use of a disk drive assembly for transferring images out of an electronic camera is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,138,459 to Roberts et al., entitled: “Electronic Still Video Camera with Direct Personal Computer (PC) Compatible Digital Format Output”, which are both incorporated in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
While the invention has been described above with the goal of faithfully displaying the image captured by the lens in the display, the availability of the image as a digital data allows for processing to aid in the user shaving experience. In one embodiment, image processing is employed, such as digital image processing and other techniques applying various computer algorithms to the image captured and represented as a two-dimensional signal data. The results can be provided to the user in various ways, such as to be presented on the display of the display unit.
In one digital image processing feature, the individual hairs are detected and identified. Such ‘hair recognition’ can make use of the different colors or brightness of the hair versus the skin. For example, a black colored hair can be identified and recognized over a light-color (e.g. white) skin. Further, pattern recognition algorithms can be used based on the characteristic of the hair, such as being long and having straight or curled pattern. A camera with human face detection means is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,940,545 to Ray et al., entitled: “Face Detecting Camera and Method”, which is incorporated in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
An example of image processing feature is shown in
In one embodiment, the image processing is used to suggest areas that require shaving or re-shaving.
Another feature that may be used is the zooming functionality, which is known in the art for cameras. The zoom functions allow for decreasing or narrowing of the apparent angle of a view, thus allowing scaling up the image size and magnifying for better view of a smaller area. A mechanical or optical zoom is obtained by varying the focal length using a mechanical assembly for physically moving the lens or lenses as required. On one embodiment, a small motor is used for moving the lens. Such a motor is added to shaver 30, power fed from the power supply 36, and driving and adjusting the camera optics as required for gaining optical resolution.
In an alternative embodiment, digital zoom is used, wherein no mechanical moving or camera optics are required, but rather, image processing techniques and algorithms are used to resize the displayed smaller area over the display. Interpolation is commonly required as part of the image processing. An example of zoom functionality is shown in
Digital (or electronic) zoom as well as other image processing functionalities (such as hair recognition described above) can be implemented by a separate processor located in the electric shaver 30 or in the display unit 40, wherein the processor in disposed in the image data flow, or as a replacement to the video compressor 33 or video compressor 41. Further, the required functionalities may be used by two image processors, one in the shaver 30 and one in the display unit 40. Alternatively, the image processing can be integrating within the image processor 46, or as part of the display interface 42, or in both. In one example, the zoom control by the user is being part of the shaver 30, as shown by the sliding switch 59 as part of view 50 in
Video is known also as the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion. Most video cameras (camcorders) have the capability of capturing and storing a single (still) picture. Such functionality can also be beneficial in the system above, wherein a user operated button ‘FREEZE’ shown as 58 in
In addition to the ‘zoom’ and ‘freeze’ features described above, many other features and user controls used in digital still cameras and in video cameras (camcorders) can be used in the system according to the invention. For example automatic mode-level, auto focus, exposure compensation, white balance level, manual focus and aperture control. Other exemplary controls involve specific display settings such as contrast, brightness and zoom.
User control regarding activating these features or controlling the features can be done using buttons and switches. Implementing these functions can be solely within the shaver, solely within the display unit or split between both devices. In one embodiment, the user control in the form of buttons and switches on the shaver itself, as part of user interface 47 and managed by the controller 35. In the case that the function is implemented in hardware or software, which are in full or in part executed in the display unit, the communication channel over the communication medium 37 is used to transmit the proper signals to the display unit. Further, these control data can be multiplexed and sent with the image digital data, using the same transceiver 34. Similarly, the user control in the form of buttons and switches and/or touch screen can be located on the display unit, as part of user interface 48 and managed by the controller 43. In the case that the function is implemented in hardware or software, which are in full or in part executed in the electric shaver unit, the communication channel over the communication medium 37 is used to transmit the proper signals to the display unit. Further, the control data can be multiplexed and sent with the image digital data, using the same transceiver 34. Further, some of the control can be in the shaver and some in the display unit.
The mechanical movement of the cutters 28 and the spinning of the motor 26, added to the general inherent stability caused by the human holding the shaver, may induce instability causing the display image to move and be instable, thus effecting the displaying quality and burdening the user looking at the image on the display. In one embodiment, the optical section of the shaver, which includes the lens 39 and sensor 32, are mounted to the frame or the shaver using vibration isolators or vibration suppressors, to reduce the vibration effect on the captured image. In another embodiment, various digital image techniques are used to stabilize the displayed image, such as by filtering and other known image processing techniques. Improving the vibration generated by the mechanical system may also aid to reduce the effect on the optical system thus improving the user experience.
Other image processing functions may include adjusting color balance, gamma and luminance, filtering pattern noise, filtering noise using Wiener filter, changing zoom factors, recropping, applying enhancement filters, applying smoothing filters, applying subject-dependent filters, and applying coordinate transformations. Other enhancements in the image data may include applying mathematical algorithms to generate greater pixel density or adjusting color balance, contrast and/or luminance.
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to a separated shaver and display unit, it will be appreciated that the invention equally applies to the case wherein the shaver further includes the display unit, either as a substitute or added to the separated display unit.
An example of a physical view of the shaver 200 is shown as shaver 210 in
In the cases wherein a conductive medium, such as a dedicated cable, is used as the communication medium 37, it may be preferred to use the same cable to concurrently carry power between the shaver and the display unit, thus obviating the need for two cables, one for providing power and one for communication purposes. In one embodiment, the display unit is adapted to drive power to the cable for powering the electric shaver. Such power can be used only for powering the camera module and related functionalities, or for fully powering the electric shaver, including its motor 26 driving the cutters 28. A display unit 230 adapted to supply power over the cable is shown in
A corresponding electric shaver 240 is shown as shaver 240 in
An exemplary system 250 is shown in
In one embodiment according to the invention, the power and communication signals are carried over the single cable 251 using separated and dedicated conductors. For example, cable 251 may include four distinct wires, out of which two (or more) are used for carrying the communication signal, while the other two wires are used to carry the power signal from the display unit 230 to the shaver 240. In such configuration, specific hardware for implementing the combiner 232 and the splitter 244 may not be required, since power connection will make use of separate pins and contacts in the connectors 231 and 243, while the communication signal will use distinct and different pins.
In an alternative embodiment, the power and communication signals are carried over the wires in the cable using Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM, a.k.a. Frequency Domain Multiplexing). In such implementation, the power and the communications signals are carried each in its frequency band (or a single frequency) distinct from each other. For example, the power signal can be a DC (Direct Current) power (effectively 0 Hz), while the communication signal is carried over the 100 Hz-10 MHz (or 4-30 MHz) frequency band, which is distinct and above the DC power frequency. In one example, a relatively high voltage such as a 120 VDC can be used in order to compensate for the wiring resistance caused voltage drops. In some installations, safety standards such as UL/IEC 60950 and EN60950 may limit the voltage level in many applications to 60 VDC. A telephony common 48 VDC voltage level may also be used.
Similarly, AC power signal may be used, such as 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Commonly the combiner 232 and splitter 244 in such environment are implemented using set of filters. For example, a low pass filter (LPF) similar to filter 141 described above can be used in the power path, connecting the cable to the power supply 44 or 242, passing only the DC power or low-frequency AC signals. An high pass filter (HPF) similar to filter 142 described above can be used in the communication path, connecting the cable to the transceiver 34 in both the shaver 240 and the display unit 230.
Another technique for carrying power and data signals over the same conductors is known as Power over Ethernet (PoE) (i.e., Power over LAN-PoL) and standardized under IEEE802.3af and IEEE802.3at, also explained in U.S. Pat. No. 6,473,608 to Lehr et al. titled: “Structure Cabling System”, which describes a method to carry power over LAN wiring, using the spare pairs and the phantom mechanism. The latter makes use of center-tap transformers. The powering scheme described above may use this standard as well as using non-standard proprietary powering schemes. In one example, USB (Universal Serial Bus) connection is used for both power and digital data.
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to the case wherein the electric shaver is powered from the display unit via the interconnecting cable carrying the communication signal, it is apparent that equally the power can be fed from the electric shaver to the display unit. In this case the splitter 244 and the combiner 232 will be switched with each other, so that combiner 244 will be disposed within the display unit 230 (as a substitute to combiner 232), and the combiner 232 will be disposed within the electric shaver 240 (as a substitute to splitter 244). The power supplied will be adapted accordingly.
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to processing, compressing and decompressing, transmitting, receiving and displaying the image in a represented as a digital data, it will be appreciated that the invention equally applies to the case wherein the image is in full or in part of the system is carried, processed, compressed and decompressed, transmitted, received and displayed as analog video signal. In the case of an analog transmission, the transceiver 34 will be an analog transceiver and the image will be carried in an analog form over the communication medium 37. Similar to the above disclosure, in such a case the communication can be wireless through the air such as using radio-frequency, or over metallic medium such as wires.
The camera module 31 or the display unit 40 may include visual indicators for allowing the user to easily observe the module status. Such indicators may be LEDs (Light Emitting Diode) known in the art, and are coupled to be controlled by the control 35 in the shaver 30 or by the control 43 in the display unit 40, and can further be part of user interface functionality 47 or 48. The visual indicators may be used to indicate the following module status:
a. Power. The visual indicator may be used to indicate the existence of power in the module to power its internal active circuits. Various techniques have been described above for powering a module. Regardless of the power source to the module (as described above), such indication will ensure that indeed power reaches the module. Such indication is commonly marked as ‘POWER’ or ‘ON’. The indicator can be coupled directly to the power signal feeding the module or alternatively coupled to the power supply output. In the latter case, the indicator is used to indicate both the power signal availability and the proper operation of the internal power supply 36 or 44.
b. Proper operation. A visual indicator may also be used to indicate the proper operation of part or all of the electronic circuits integrated within the module. The electronic circuits within the module may support self-test or any other built-in diagnostics means, wherein the test results will be signaled by a visual indicator.
c. Communication status. In the case wherein the module uses communication functionality, the module may indicate the availability and the status of the communication. In general, two communication links may be involved. One communication link refers to the availability of a data communication signal over the communication medium 37 so as to indicate that transceiver 34 receives a valid communication signal. The other communication link involves the communication between the shaver and the display unit. Such status indication can be based on a ‘Link Pulse’ mechanism commonly used in Ethernet IEEE802.3 10/100BaseT based networks.
The above various states may be each represented by a single dedicated single-state indicator. However, in order to reduce complexity, known techniques are commonly used in order to combine signals. Such techniques may use different colors (of the same indicator), different intensity levels, variable duty-cycle and so forth. While visual indicators have been described, other indicating methods may be used such as audible tones (as stand alone or combined with visual).
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to displaying the captured image on a dedicated display, it will be appreciated that the invention equally applies to the case wherein the standard displays are used. In one embodiment, the electric shaver outputs a standard video signal, which can be displayed using any displaying device that supports this video interface. For example, a standard television set can be as a display apparatus. In this case, the transceiver 234 and connector 38 are adapted to output this standard video signal. Such analog interfaces can be composite video such as NTSC, PAL or SECAM formats. Similarly, analog RGB, VGA (Video Graphics Array), SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array), SCART, S-video and other standard analog interfaces can be used. Further, personal computer monitors, plasma or flat panel displays, CRT, DLP display or a video projector may be equally used. Connector 38 will be implemented as suitable standard analog video connector. For example, F-Type, BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman), RCA, and similar RF/coax connectors can be used. An electric shaver 260 is shown in
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to electric shaver, it will be appreciated that the invention equally applies to non-electric shavers such as razors.
While the invention has been exampled above with regard to shavers and other hair removal devices, it will be appreciated that the invention equally applies to oral hygiene devices such as toothbrush. In the case of electrical toothbrush, the cutter mechanism 28 is replaced with a brushing mechanism. Such a device helps in better visualization of the mouth cavity, and in particular of the brushed teeth and gums.
All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in this specifications are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference and set forth in its entirety herein.
Those of skill in the art will understand that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in any number of ways including electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. The various illustrative components, blocks, modules and circuits have been described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether the functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans recognize the interchangeability of hardware and software under these circumstances, and how best to implement the described functionality for each particular application.
Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described, this should not be construed to limit the scope of the appended claims. Those skilled in the art will understand that modifications may be made to the described embodiments. Moreover, to those skilled in the various arts, the invention itself herein will suggest solutions to other tasks and adaptations for other applications. It is therefore desired that the present embodiments be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.
It will be appreciated that the aforementioned features and advantages are presented solely by way of example. Accordingly, the foregoing should not be construed or interpreted to constitute, in any way, an exhaustive enumeration of features and advantages of embodiments of the present invention.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Public Notice Regarding the Scope of the Invention and Claims
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments and generally associated methods, the inventor contemplates that alterations and permutations of the preferred embodiments and methods will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings.
Accordingly, neither the above description of preferred exemplary embodiments nor the abstract defines or constrains the invention. Rather, the issued claims variously define the invention. Each variation of the invention is limited only by the recited limitations of its respective claim, and equivalents thereof, without limitation by other terms not present in the claim. In addition, aspects of the invention are particularly pointed out in the claims using terminology that the inventor regards as having its broadest reasonable interpretation; the more specific interpretations of 35 U.S.C. section. 112 (6) are only intended in those instances where the term “means” is actually recited. The words “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended as open-ended terminology, with the same meaning as if the phrase “at least” were appended after each instance thereof.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1753750 | McArdle et al. | Apr 1930 | A |
| 1986955 | Bedell | Jan 1935 | A |
| 1988199 | Greco et al. | Jan 1935 | A |
| 2103418 | Hagebeuker | Dec 1937 | A |
| 2726447 | Maloy | Dec 1955 | A |
| 2809425 | Tettis | Oct 1957 | A |
| 2877477 | Levin | Mar 1959 | A |
| 2911715 | Seifert | Nov 1959 | A |
| 2941293 | Mazzoni | Jun 1960 | A |
| 2947013 | Silverman | Aug 1960 | A |
| 2974412 | Clark | Mar 1961 | A |
| 3027507 | Hubner | Mar 1962 | A |
| 3257599 | Somers | Jun 1966 | A |
| 3287805 | Charme | Nov 1966 | A |
| 3359635 | Jepson | Dec 1967 | A |
| D210349 | Boldt | Mar 1968 | S |
| 3458794 | Bohnstedt | Jul 1969 | A |
| 3783508 | Brown et al. | Jan 1974 | A |
| 3900252 | Di Salvo et al. | Aug 1975 | A |
| 4019252 | Port et al. | Apr 1977 | A |
| 4075458 | Moyer | Feb 1978 | A |
| 4341230 | Siahou | Jul 1982 | A |
| 4383565 | Denmat | May 1983 | A |
| 4398800 | Hayes | Aug 1983 | A |
| 4479516 | Hunter | Oct 1984 | A |
| 4568971 | Alzmann et al. | Feb 1986 | A |
| 4578766 | Caddy | Mar 1986 | A |
| 4589013 | Vlahos et al. | May 1986 | A |
| 4603448 | Middleton et al. | Aug 1986 | A |
| 4698869 | Mierau et al. | Oct 1987 | A |
| 4703247 | Morioka | Oct 1987 | A |
| 4716614 | Jones et al. | Jan 1988 | A |
| 4719698 | Ninomiya et al. | Jan 1988 | A |
| 4729169 | Asawa | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4744124 | Wang et al. | May 1988 | A |
| 4764961 | Hung | Aug 1988 | A |
| 4766630 | Hegemann | Aug 1988 | A |
| 4788734 | Bauer | Dec 1988 | A |
| 4818820 | La Rock | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4845796 | Mosley | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4845852 | Sukow | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4866807 | Kreit et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
| D304779 | Raphael et al. | Nov 1989 | S |
| D304780 | Morris, Jr. | Nov 1989 | S |
| D304781 | Hanson | Nov 1989 | S |
| 4944016 | Christian | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4944704 | Grace | Jul 1990 | A |
| 5006779 | Fenne et al. | Apr 1991 | A |
| 5027506 | Bosch | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5031920 | Poirier | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5032918 | Ota et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5034804 | Sasaki et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5044037 | Brown | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5062010 | Saito | Oct 1991 | A |
| D321986 | Snyder et al. | Dec 1991 | S |
| 5113102 | Gilmore | May 1992 | A |
| 5115533 | Hukuba | May 1992 | A |
| 5121201 | Seki | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5138459 | Roberts et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5165131 | Staar | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5165170 | Sagol et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5182857 | Simon | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5193000 | Lipton | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5235749 | Hildebrand et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5245386 | Asano et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| D340455 | Christian | Oct 1993 | S |
| 5250888 | Yu | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5259086 | Fong | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5274735 | Okada | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5314336 | Diamond et al. | May 1994 | A |
| 5327648 | Ullmann | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5335798 | Bonwell et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5337435 | Krasner et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5339479 | Lyman | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5340309 | Robertson | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5341534 | Serbinski et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5343243 | Maeda | Aug 1994 | A |
| 5343621 | Hildebrand et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5358407 | Lainer | Oct 1994 | A |
| D353490 | Hartwein | Dec 1994 | S |
| D354168 | Hartwein | Jan 1995 | S |
| 5402170 | Parulski et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5438726 | Leite | Aug 1995 | A |
| D363605 | Kou et al. | Oct 1995 | S |
| 5469271 | Hoshino et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5475441 | Parulski et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5483745 | Izumi | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5487661 | Peithman | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5493747 | Inakagata et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5504961 | Yang | Apr 1996 | A |
| D371242 | Shimatsu et al. | Jul 1996 | S |
| 5533266 | Kelman | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5537175 | Kamaya et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5539518 | Bennett | Jul 1996 | A |
| D373023 | Otero et al. | Aug 1996 | S |
| 5544382 | Giuliani et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| D375841 | Serbinski | Nov 1996 | S |
| 5572762 | Scheiner | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5579581 | Melton | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5604633 | Christianson | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5606799 | Melton | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5625572 | Yonekura et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5628641 | Hahn | May 1997 | A |
| 5666159 | Parulski et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5669921 | Berman et al. | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5673451 | Moore et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5675859 | Barre | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5678312 | Watanabe | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5697117 | Craft | Dec 1997 | A |
| D388958 | Hartwein | Jan 1998 | S |
| 5704087 | Strub | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5749000 | Narisawa | May 1998 | A |
| 5784742 | Giuliani et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5786749 | Johnson et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| D397252 | Allende | Aug 1998 | S |
| 5798791 | Katayama et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5810601 | Williams | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5810858 | Berman et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5835083 | Nielsen et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5835616 | Lobo et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5841360 | Binder | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5850789 | Rudolf et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| D403511 | Serbinski | Jan 1999 | S |
| 5864288 | Hogan | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5881377 | Giel et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5894320 | Vancelette | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5894453 | Pond | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5894670 | Iso et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5898999 | Chaouachi et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5901397 | Hafele et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5913317 | Tiram | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5920988 | Momose | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5924159 | Haitin | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5953452 | Boone et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5960507 | Dutra et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5964034 | Sueyoshi et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5970616 | Wahl et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5974616 | Dreyfus | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5978651 | Eto et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5983501 | Izumi | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5994855 | Lundell et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6002427 | Kipust | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6029303 | Dewan | Feb 2000 | A |
| D426708 | Francis | Jun 2000 | S |
| 6081957 | Webb | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6115477 | Filo et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6124976 | Miyazaki | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6134606 | Anderson et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6149645 | Tobinick | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6154912 | Li | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6163816 | Anderson et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6167469 | Safai et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| D436254 | Kling et al. | Jan 2001 | S |
| 6181983 | Schlemmer et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6199239 | Dickerson | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6202242 | Salmon et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6202245 | Khodadadi | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| D440766 | Hartwein et al. | Apr 2001 | S |
| 6226870 | Barish | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6229963 | Miyamoto et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6237178 | Krammer et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6262769 | Anderson et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6263234 | Engelhardt | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6267771 | Tankovich et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6282655 | Given | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6288742 | Ansari et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6300976 | Fukuoka | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6308084 | Lonka | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6312317 | Oguma | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6325066 | Hughes et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6348928 | Jeong | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| D453996 | Kling et al. | Mar 2002 | S |
| 6359649 | Suzuki | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| D455556 | Kling | Apr 2002 | S |
| 6389633 | Rosen | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6396391 | Binder | May 2002 | B1 |
| D458028 | McCurrach | Jun 2002 | S |
| 6397424 | Leung | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6401209 | Klein | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6421866 | McDougall | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6473608 | Lehr et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6473609 | Schwartz et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6476984 | Ringdahl | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6480510 | Binder | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| D467432 | Callendrille, Jr. | Dec 2002 | S |
| 6497043 | Jacobsen | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6515704 | Sato | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6535243 | Tullis | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6536068 | Yang | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6549616 | Binder | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6552743 | Rissman | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6554619 | Williams | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| D474895 | Breit | May 2003 | S |
| 6560319 | Binder | May 2003 | B1 |
| D475529 | Wright et al. | Jun 2003 | S |
| 6581233 | Cheng | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| D476485 | Mulder et al. | Jul 2003 | S |
| D478423 | Mulder et al. | Aug 2003 | S |
| 6606755 | Robinson et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6611780 | Lundell | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6619969 | Scheider et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| D480563 | Hensel | Oct 2003 | S |
| 6633747 | Reiss | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6634104 | Jacobsen | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6643104 | Shimazawa | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6648641 | Viltro et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6652512 | Ota | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| D484312 | Li | Dec 2003 | S |
| 6658687 | McDonald | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6690677 | Binder | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6731952 | Schaeffer et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| D489183 | Akahori et al. | May 2004 | S |
| D489534 | Hensel | May 2004 | S |
| 6731213 | Smith | May 2004 | B1 |
| D492118 | McCurrach et al. | Jun 2004 | S |
| D493960 | Jimenez et al. | Aug 2004 | S |
| 6779216 | Davies et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| D496653 | Townsend et al. | Sep 2004 | S |
| 6786732 | Savill et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6788332 | Cook | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6792640 | Lev | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6795993 | Lin | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6798406 | Jones et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6799346 | Jeng et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6802016 | Liu | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6826350 | Kashino et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| D500207 | Jimenez et al. | Dec 2004 | S |
| D500208 | Vu | Dec 2004 | S |
| D500209 | Kellogg | Dec 2004 | S |
| 6836918 | Wong | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6842459 | Binder | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6845537 | Wong | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| D502601 | Lamason et al. | Mar 2005 | S |
| 6864911 | Zhang et al. | Mar 2005 | B1 |
| 6871402 | Bader et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| D503537 | Lamason et al. | Apr 2005 | S |
| D503852 | Hensel | Apr 2005 | S |
| 6882217 | Mueller | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6883199 | Lundell et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6897891 | Itsukaichi | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6906747 | Okada | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6908307 | Schick | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6915008 | Barman et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6920660 | Lam | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6923409 | Strunk | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6924950 | Gventer et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6927340 | Binder | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6937056 | Binder | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6937272 | Dance | Aug 2005 | B1 |
| 6940545 | Ray et al. | Sep 2005 | B1 |
| D510930 | Deguchi | Oct 2005 | S |
| 6952855 | Lev et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6954961 | Ferber et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6956826 | Binder | Oct 2005 | B1 |
| D511519 | Bone et al. | Nov 2005 | S |
| 6960170 | Kuo | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6961303 | Binder | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6964567 | Kerschbaumer | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6965728 | Miyata | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6968623 | Braun et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6978087 | Seki et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| D515815 | Jimenez et al. | Feb 2006 | S |
| D515816 | Jimenez et al. | Feb 2006 | S |
| 7001270 | Taub | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7003839 | Hafliger et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7013522 | Kumagai | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7016705 | Bahl et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7035456 | Lestideau | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7049790 | Pfenniger et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7054668 | Endo et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7055531 | Rehkemper | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| D529044 | Hilscher et al. | Aug 2006 | S |
| 7084838 | Yoon | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7086111 | Hilscher et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7091471 | Wenstrand et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7099510 | Jones et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7100283 | Grdodian et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
| 7106721 | Binder | Sep 2006 | B1 |
| 7108690 | Lefki et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
| 7110570 | Berenz et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
| 7110575 | Chen et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| D531190 | Lee et al. | Oct 2006 | S |
| 7120960 | Hilscher et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7126626 | Sawahara et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7133691 | Kang | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| D533349 | Jimenez et al. | Dec 2006 | S |
| D533720 | Vu | Dec 2006 | S |
| 7146028 | Lestideau | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| D534726 | Vu | Jan 2007 | S |
| D534728 | Vu | Jan 2007 | S |
| D534921 | Andre et al. | Jan 2007 | S |
| D535308 | Andre et al. | Jan 2007 | S |
| 7171114 | Milton | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| D538267 | Christianson et al. | Mar 2007 | S |
| D538297 | Ching | Mar 2007 | S |
| 7187407 | Kanehiro et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7190389 | Abe et al. | Mar 2007 | B1 |
| D539813 | Chen | Apr 2007 | S |
| D539817 | Reverberi | Apr 2007 | S |
| 7200249 | Okubo et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7203338 | Ramaswamy et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7209161 | Thal et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7214941 | Hamelin et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7217266 | Anderson et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7274822 | Zhang et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7281461 | McCambridge et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7292267 | Prentice et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7317793 | Binder | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7327385 | Yamaguchi | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7343506 | Fenwick | Mar 2008 | B1 |
| 7372504 | Fujimura | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7418757 | Gatzerneyer | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7426785 | Ho | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7432952 | Fukuoka | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7436842 | Binder | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7461456 | Tsushio et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7467946 | Rizoiu et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7489863 | Lee | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7500755 | Ishizaki et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7519219 | Okamura | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7521943 | Binder | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7522615 | Binder | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7542554 | Binder | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7551354 | Horsten et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7593573 | Hahn | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7596866 | Saker et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7619683 | Davis | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7634103 | Rubinstenn | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7650519 | Hobbs | Jan 2010 | B1 |
| 7724284 | Mentzer | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7726890 | Misawa | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7728904 | Quan et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7729538 | Shilman et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7730406 | Chen | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7730534 | Renkis | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7748069 | Dawley | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7764380 | Van Hal et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7845079 | McGuire | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7856209 | Rawat | Dec 2010 | B1 |
| 7892627 | Doughty | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7976388 | Park et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 7992307 | Smal | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8004555 | Oswald | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8061041 | Jessemey et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8065802 | Oglesby et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8075315 | Gatzemeyer et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8134612 | Okada et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8137109 | Gatzemeyer et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8159352 | Jimenez et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8164655 | Lablans | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8170621 | Lockwood | May 2012 | B1 |
| 8176591 | Iwahori et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8182425 | Stamatas et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8204553 | Sutardja | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8225229 | Thom et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8243785 | Weitbruch et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8275413 | Fraden et al. | Sep 2012 | B1 |
| 8355755 | Kim et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8360771 | Stookey et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8439265 | Ferren et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8450679 | Yun | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8474144 | Royle | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8514261 | Kawasaki et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8544132 | Gatzemeyer | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8614673 | Binder | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8614674 | Binder | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8826348 | Qin | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 10500741 | Binder | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10816939 | Coleman | Oct 2020 | B1 |
| 20010004428 | Horng | Jun 2001 | A1 |
| 20020024611 | Watanabe et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020180592 | Gromov | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020067084 | Jung et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020092104 | Ferber et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020119428 | Vitale | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020171566 | Huang | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020174498 | Li | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020183959 | Savill et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030017874 | Jianfei et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030036365 | Kuroda | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030065552 | Rubinstenn | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030117501 | Shirakawa | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030204956 | Chan | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030160874 | Kuroiwa | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030197597 | Bahi et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030203747 | Nagamine | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030214609 | Cha | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030221269 | Zhuan | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030232303 | Black | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030235326 | Morikawa | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040000017 | Kumagai | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040021792 | Yasui | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040036791 | Voss et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040050188 | Richards | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040074026 | Blaustein et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040123409 | Dickie | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040134000 | Hilfinger et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040145675 | Kitada | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040163191 | Cuffaro et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040169733 | Ishizaka | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040193789 | Rudolf | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040201687 | Perotti et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040223049 | Taniguchi | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040233153 | Robinson | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040248594 | Wren | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040252203 | Kitajima | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040255409 | Hilscher et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040259592 | Taneya et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040261270 | Daryanani | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050000537 | Junkins | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050008229 | Sloan et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050010954 | Binder | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050011022 | Kwong | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050022322 | Jimenez et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050036036 | Stevenson et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050041123 | Ansari et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050066461 | Chang | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050073575 | Thacher | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050129069 | Binder | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050132585 | Weber et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050144744 | Thiess et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050150067 | Cobabe et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050152231 | Yeh | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050172433 | Oliver, Jr. et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050176463 | Hollemans | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050177139 | Yamazaki | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050180561 | Binder | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050181846 | Taneya et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050204490 | Kemp et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050225656 | Ihama | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050229398 | Leventhal | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050244057 | Ikeda et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050249245 | Binder | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050276452 | Boland | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050278882 | Drzewiecki et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050283929 | Jimenez et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060019700 | Seo | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060033831 | Ejima et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060037158 | Foley et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060040246 | Ding et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060048315 | Chan et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060056837 | Vapaakoski | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060057513 | Ito et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060077888 | Karam | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060091288 | Keam | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060104456 | Filo et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060104488 | Bazakos et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060105806 | Vance | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060123053 | Scannell, Jr. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060123570 | Pace et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060130253 | Rycroft | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060140508 | Ohgishi et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060150350 | Pfenniger et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060162165 | Villalobos | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060179591 | Spooner | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060186739 | Grolnic | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060283478 | Avila et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060284855 | Shintome | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070024710 | Nakamura | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070030116 | Feher | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070038118 | DePue | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070039109 | Nanda | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070041077 | Seo et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070041340 | Binder | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070069134 | Cassel | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070074359 | O'Lynn | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070094822 | Gatzerneyer | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070109411 | Jung et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070124418 | Binder | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070147827 | Sheynman et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070152628 | Lee | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070173202 | Binder | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070190509 | Kim | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070192976 | Gatzemeyer et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070195167 | Ishiyama | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070200955 | Harada et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070202807 | Kim | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070227011 | Caric | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070228306 | Gannon | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070242858 | Aradhye et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070251097 | Terry | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070252997 | Van Hal et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070260784 | Takamatsu et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070261185 | Guney et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070263226 | Kurtz et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070265495 | Vayser | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070270221 | Park et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070279482 | Oswald | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080005433 | Diab | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080024596 | Li et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080100695 | Ebrom et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080028553 | Batthauer | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080028616 | Kwak | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080030815 | Teicher | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080084482 | Hansson | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080089554 | Tabankin | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080102953 | Schultz | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080109973 | Farrell | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080119829 | Okawa | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080146887 | Rao et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080147054 | Altshuler | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080170805 | Sun et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080170806 | Kim | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080175448 | Fujiwara et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080176077 | Doughty | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080177287 | Rassman | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080109310 | Ebrom et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080194303 | Takagi | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080198801 | Kesselman | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080206498 | Allen | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080215038 | Bakker | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080246917 | Phinney et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080262304 | Nisani | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20090002491 | Haler | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090027498 | Owen et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090046145 | Simon | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090047995 | Futter et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090049004 | Nurminen | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090051769 | Kuo et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090066784 | Stone et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090067723 | Yamazaki et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090092955 | Hwang | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090102940 | Uchida | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090119729 | Periman et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090141941 | Wagg | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090146861 | Liou | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090147081 | Hanson | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090147102 | Kakinuma et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090189972 | Harris | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090215015 | Chu | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090217338 | Quigley | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090241278 | Lemchen | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090291422 | Puurunen | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090295976 | Choi | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090303320 | Davis et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090306498 | Bodduluri | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090317770 | Gatzemeyer et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100001192 | Lange et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100026717 | Sato | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100026873 | Lee | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100045596 | De Leon | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100049994 | Ghoshal | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100053212 | Kang et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100063491 | Verhagen et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100083508 | Cheng | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100130129 | Chang | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100149100 | Meiby | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100169055 | Kobeck et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100170052 | Ortins et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100194860 | Mentz et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100283586 | Ikeda et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100295782 | Binder | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100319145 | Neyer et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100321321 | Shenfield et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100323337 | Ikkink et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110010876 | Iwahori et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110018985 | Zhu | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110050848 | Rohaly | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110098083 | Lablans | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110146016 | Gatzemeyer | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110234779 | Weisberg | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110247156 | Schmid et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110275424 | Schmid | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110298929 | Garcia et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110313825 | Wilhelm et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120002204 | Varghese et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120019641 | Reeder, III | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120062711 | Ikeda | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120167392 | Cherian et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120253203 | Weston et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120271289 | Eckhouse et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20130086758 | Boutoussov | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130104401 | Rodriguez | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20160234465 | Binder | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20170143442 | Tesar | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20170188013 | Presler | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20210112647 | Coleman | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1941795 | Apr 2007 | CN |
| 1946335 | Apr 2007 | CN |
| 200969651 | Oct 2007 | CN |
| 201161398 | Dec 2008 | CN |
| 102005030533 | Jan 2007 | DE |
| 1117251 | Jul 2001 | EP |
| 2165669 | Mar 2010 | EP |
| 88873 | Jan 1962 | GB |
| 20060420 | Feb 2008 | IE |
| 20060420 | Feb 2008 | IE |
| 2004297516 | Oct 2004 | JP |
| 20040104777 | Dec 2004 | KR |
| 20050023687 | Mar 2005 | KR |
| 20050057916 | Jun 2005 | KR |
| 20050101051 | Oct 2005 | KR |
| 1998002085 | Jan 1998 | WO |
| 199844739 | Oct 1998 | WO |
| 199907156 | Feb 1999 | WO |
| 200013407 | Mar 2000 | WO |
| 200158129 | Aug 2001 | WO |
| 2003043348 | May 2003 | WO |
| 2005102153 | Nov 2005 | WO |
| 2008090495 | Jul 2008 | WO |
| 2009076162 | Jun 2009 | WO |
| 2010016570 | Feb 2010 | WO |
| 2010059484 | May 2010 | WO |
| 2010143156 | Dec 2010 | WO |
| 2012164441 | Jun 2012 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Anders Henrysson, Joe Marshall, Mark Billinghurst, “Experiments in 3D interaction for mobile phone AR”, Dec. 1-4, 2007 (9 pages). |
| ZTE, ZTE F152 HSDPA Dual band 3G Mobile Phone User Manual, Feb. 2007 (86 pages). |
| Nokia 6680 Smartphone, Date of Publication: Q1 2005, FoneArena.com (4 pages). |
| Sony Ericsson Z1010 User Manual (2003) (95 pages). |
| Sony Ericsson Z1010 Working Instruction, SP/Mechanical (3/000 21-1/FEA 209 544/77 A), date unknown (60 pages). |
| Sony Ericsson Z1010 User Guide, Second edition published Mar. 2004 (103 pages). |
| Ex parte Binder, Appeal No. 2019-003108 (PTAB 2020). |
| Texas Instruments Incorporated, “TMS320DM357 digital Media System-on-Chip”, SPRS553—Nov. 2008 (195 pages). |
| Texas Instruments Incorporated, “VSP2560 VSP2562 VSP2566 CCD Analog Frone-End for Digital Cameras”, SBES008—Aug. 2008 (29 pages). |
| Eastman Kodak Company, KAF-50100 Image Sensor, Device Performance Specification, Revision 2.0 MTD/PS-1071, Oct. 31, 2008 (40 pages). |
| The CEBus Standard User's guide; by Grayson Evans, 1st Ed., May 1996 (317 pages). |
| Eastman Kodak Company, KAI-2093 Image Sensor, Device Performance Specification, Revision 3.0 MTD/PS-0307, Mar. 19, 2007 (36 pages). |
| Jim Zyren, Eddie Enders, Ted Edmondson “IEEE 802.11g Offers Higher Rates and Longer Range”, Intersil Ltd (15 pages). |
| Intel Corporation “54 Mbps IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN at 2.4 GHz”, Nov. 2002 (8 pages). |
| Laerence Rigge, Tony Grewe, “802.11 Wireless Chip Set Technology White Paper” Agere Systems, Inc., Apr. 2003 (12 pages). |
| Standard Microsystems Corporation (SMSC) “LAN91C111 10/100 Non-PCI Ethernet Single Chip MAC + PHY” Data-Sheet, Rev. 15 (Feb. 20, 2004) (127 pages). |
| Agere Systems, Inc. “WaveLAN WL60400 Multimode Wireless LAN Media Access Controller (MAC)”, Product Brief Aug. 2003 (10 pages). |
| Agere Systems, Inc. “WaveLAN 802.11a/b/g Chip Set”, Product Brief Feb. 2003 (6 pages). |
| Agere Systems, Inc. “WaveLAN WL64040 Multimode Wireless LAN Baseband”, Product Brief Sep. 2003 (4 pages). |
| Agere Systems, Inc. “WaveLAN WL54040 Dual-Band Wireless LAN Transceiver”, Product Brief Sep. 2003 (4 pages). |
| Intellon Corporation, “INT6000 HomePlug AV High-Speed Powerline Solution”, Product Brief 2008 (2 pages). |
| Intellon Corporation, “HomePlug AV Technology Overview”, Document # 26002829 Revision 2, 2008 (2 pages). |
| HomePlug Powerline Alliance, Inc., “HomePlug AV White Paper”, Document # HPAVWP-05-818, 2005 (11 pages). |
| Analog Devices Inc., “ADV212 JPEG 2000 Video Codec” Data Sheet, 2006 (44 pages). |
| International Search Report PCT/IL2009/00798 dated Mar. 25, 2010. |
| Universal Powerline Bus: The UPB System Description, Version 1.1 dated Sep. 19, 2003. |
| “LAN83C180 10/100 Fast Ethernet PHY Transceiver” available from SMSC—Standard Microsystems Corporation of Hauppauge, NY U.S.A., Aug. 24, 2001. |
| Search Report issued by State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China dated Nov. 29, 2013. |
| IEEE Std. 802.3af-2003, “Part 3: Carrier sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications, Amendment: Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) Power via Media Dependent Interface (MDI)”, 2003 (133 pages). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20230072846 A1 | Mar 2023 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61141599 | Dec 2008 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13893976 | May 2013 | US |
| Child | 15097562 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17223697 | Apr 2021 | US |
| Child | 17983510 | US | |
| Parent | 17094865 | Nov 2020 | US |
| Child | 17223697 | US | |
| Parent | 15097562 | Apr 2016 | US |
| Child | 17094865 | US | |
| Parent | 12361070 | Jan 2009 | US |
| Child | 13893976 | US |
