Patent Application
20180047960
The present invention relates to an electric storage cell constituted by an electric storage element sealed with covering film, a covering film, and an electric storage module comprising a stack of such electric storage cells.
Film-sealed batteries, which are electric storage elements sealed with covering film, are widely used in recent years. Film-sealed batteries are subject to rising pressure inside the battery due to generation of gaseous species as a result of electrolysis of the electrolyte medium, if the battery control circuit fails for some reason and abnormal voltage is applied as a result, or if the ambient temperature becomes abnormally high for some reason, while the battery is in use. As their internal pressure rises, film-sealed batteries will eventually experience a rupture of exterior material and gas will erupt from the ruptured area; however, it is not predictable where the rupture may occur, and depending on the location of rupture, surrounding equipment, etc., may be negatively affected.
To solve this problem, a configuration is disclosed in Patent Literature 1, for example, which involves a covering film whose seal part has a peninsula-shaped projected fusing part, so that when the covering film package expands and the projected fusing part peels, a through hole will be formed to serve as a pressure release part. This way, the peel-off stress generated by expansion of the film can be concentrated onto the projected fusing part to facilitate the progress of its peeling, thereby facilitating the release of the pressure caused by expansion of the package.
[Patent Literature 1] Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2005-203262
According to the configuration in Patent Literature 1, however, the narrow seal width at the through hole and projected fusing part may affect long-term reliability, in that moisture may permeate in through the fusing resin layer. Besides the configuration described in Patent Literature 1, there are other configurations designed to release the internal pressure by causing a projection to break through the expanded covering film; however, they are costly because, among other reasons, a component that serves as this projection must be provided on each device. Also, handling of such device requires attention because a projection is permanently present on it.
In light of the aforementioned situations, an object of the present invention is to provide a reliable electric storage cell, covering film, and electric storage module, which would allow for safe release of rising internal pressure in the event of abnormality.
Any discussion of problems and solutions involved in the related art has been included in this disclosure solely for the purposes of providing a context for the present invention, and should not be taken as an admission that any or all of the discussion were known at the time the invention was made.
To achieve the aforementioned object, an electric storage cell pertaining to one mode of the present invention has an electric storage element and a covering film package.
The covering film package houses the electric storage element and comprises: a metal layer having a first principle face on the electric storage element side and a second principle face on the opposite side of the first principle face, an internal resin layer made of synthetic resin and laminated to the first principle face, and an external resin layer made of synthetic resin and laminated to the second principle face, with a slit formed in the external resin layer; wherein a seal area formed by the internal resin layers thermally fused to each other around the periphery of the electric storage element, and a non-seal area where the internal resin layers are contacting each other between the seal area and the electric storage element, are provided, the seal area has a projecting area that projects toward the electric storage element, and the slit intersects with the boundary between the projecting part and the non-seal area.
According to this configuration, a rise in the internal pressure due to an abnormality of the electric storage cell generates a stress that tries to separate the covering film package, and this stress concentrates at the apex of the projecting area in the seal area. Then, as the internal pressure continues to rise further, the stress continues to concentrate at the projecting area and the separation of the projecting area starting from the apex of the projecting area progresses, and consequently the stress propagates to the slit. Then, this stress that has propagated to the slit causes the covering film package to break open through the slit, and the internal pressure is released as a result.
This means that, since the internal pressure is released where the slit is formed, safety is ensured as pressure release from a part other than the slit can be prevented. Also, in a normal state (when no abnormality is present in the electric storage cell), moisture permeation into the housing space is prevented by the metal layer, and consequently reliability of the electric storage cell can be ensured.
The slit starts from the non-seal area and traverses the projecting area to reach the non-seal area, while the projecting area has a triangle shape formed by a first point of intersection and a second point of intersection, respectively positioned where the slit intersects with the aforementioned boundary, and the apex of the projecting area positioned on the electric storage element side of the first point of intersection and second point of intersection.
Because of this configuration, the location where the stress that generates as the internal pressure rises in the event of abnormality of the electric storage cell (force that tries to separate the covering film package) concentrates first, is limited to the apex of the projecting area. As a result, the release pressure at which the rising internal pressure of the electric storage cell is released can be controlled to a desired level by adjusting the distance between the apex of the projecting area and the slit.
The slit may have a depth of 0 μm or more but no more than 15 μm, measured as the distance from the bottom of the slit in the external resin layer to the second principle face.
Under the present invention, it is sufficient for the slit to have the aforementioned depth in the external resin layer and the slit need not reach the metal layer. This way, corrosion of the metal layer is prevented even when the electric storage cell is used in a corrosive environment.
The internal resin layer may be made of non-oriented cast polypropylene or polyethylene, and the external resin layer may be made of at least one of polyethylene terephthalate and nylon.
To achieve the aforementioned object, a covering film pertaining to one mode of the present invention forms a housing space in which an electric storage element is housed, wherein the covering film houses the electric storage element and comprises: a metal layer having a first principle face on the electric storage element side and a second principle face on the opposite side of the first principle face, an internal resin layer made of synthetic resin and laminated to the first principle face, and an external resin layer made of synthetic resin and laminated to the second principle face, with a slit formed in the external resin layer; wherein a seal area formed by the internal resin layers thermally fused to each other around the periphery of the electric storage element, and a non-seal area where the internal resin layers are contacting each other between the seal area and the electric storage element are provided, the seal area has a projecting area that projects toward the electric storage element, and the slit intersects with the boundary between the projecting area and the non-seal area.
By covering the storage element with the covering film having the aforementioned configuration, a reliable electric storage cell can be produced which would allow its rising internal pressure to be released safely in the event of abnormality.
To achieve the aforementioned object, an electric storage module pertaining to one mode of the present invention represents an electric storage module constituted by multiple electric storage cells stacked on top of each other.
Each of the electric storage cells has an electric storage element and an covering film package.
The covering film package houses the electric storage element and comprises: a metal layer having a first principle face on the electric storage element side and a second principle face on the opposite side of the first principle face, an internal resin layer made of synthetic resin and laminated to the first principle face, and an external resin layer made of synthetic resin and laminated to the second principle face, with a slit formed in the external resin layer; wherein a seal area formed by the internal resin layers thermally fused to each other around the periphery of the electric storage element, and a non-seal area where the internal resin layers are contacting each other between the seal area and the electric storage element, are provided, the seal area has a projecting area that projects toward the electric storage element, and the slit intersects with the boundary between the projecting area and the non-seal area.
The covering film package may have contact areas where the internal resin layers are contacting each other around the periphery of the electric storage element, and the slit is formed in a location corresponding to, of the contact areas of each electric storage cell, the one facing a contact area of the adjacent electric storage cell.
According to this configuration, by providing a leakage-countermeasure component (sponge or other absorbent member) in the aforementioned location, this leakage-countermeasure component applied commonly to the adjacent electric storage cells can be used, in the event that the rising internal pressure of the electric storage cell due to its abnormality causes the electrolyte to leak from the slit, to absorb the electrolyte.
If slits are formed near a back-to-back connection part of the adjacent electric storage cells, a leakage-countermeasure for leakage of the electrolyte must be provided for each cell; if the slits are formed to face in the same direction, a leakage-countermeasure component must be provided for each cell based on a different structure.
This means that, by providing slits in the aforementioned locations, an electric storage module that can address leakage of electrolyte from the slits, should it occur, without complicating the apparatus configuration and also at low cost, can be provided.
As described above, a reliable electric storage cell, covering film, and electric storage module, which would allow for safe release of rising internal pressure in the event of abnormality, can be provided according to the present invention.
For purposes of summarizing aspects of the invention and the advantages achieved over the related art, certain objects and advantages of the invention are described in this disclosure. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all such objects or advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.
Further aspects, features and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the detailed description which follows.
These and other features of this invention will now be described with reference to the drawings of preferred embodiments which are intended to illustrate and not to limit the invention. The drawings are greatly simplified for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily to scale.
10—Electric storage cell
20—Covering film
20
a—Contact area
20
b—Element housing part
25—Metal layer
25
a—First principle face
25
b—Second principle face
26—Internal resin layer
27—External resin layer
30—Electric storage element
100—Electric storage module
E1—Seal area
E2 Non-seal area
E3—Projecting area
P1—Bottom of the slit
P2—Apex of the projecting area
P3—First point of intersection
P4—Second point of intersection
S—Slit
An embodiment of the present invention is explained below by referring to the drawings.
[Structure of Electric Storage Cell]
As shown in
In the electric storage cell 10, the covering film package constituted by the two covering films 20 forms a housing space R, and the electric storage element 30 is housed in the housing space R. The two covering films 20 are sealed around the periphery of the electric storage element 30, and the covering film package has contact areas 20a where the two covering films 20 contact each other, and an element housing part 20b where the electric storage element 30 is housed. The contact areas 20a and element housing part 20b will be described later.
The thickness of the electric storage cell 10 in this embodiment is not limited in any way, but it may be 12 mm or less, for example. This way, the operations and effects achieved by the formation of the slit S and projecting area E3 in the electric storage cell 10, as explained later, will become more significant.
As shown in
The positive electrode 31 functions as the positive electrode of the electric storage element 30. The positive electrode 31 may be made of a positive electrode material that contains positive electrode active material, binder, etc. The positive electrode active material may be activated carbon, for example. The positive electrode active material may be changed as deemed appropriate according to the type of the electric storage cell 10.
The negative electrode 32 functions as the negative electrode of the electric storage element 30. The negative electrode 32 may be made of a negative electrode material that contains negative electrode active material, binder, etc. The negative electrode active material may be carbon material, for example. The negative electrode active material may be changed as deemed appropriate according to the type of the electric storage cell 10.
The separator 33 is provided between the positive electrode 31 and the negative electrode 32, to allow the electrolyte to pass through it and also prevent (insulate) the positive electrode 31 and the negative electrode 32 from contacting each other. The separator 33 may be a woven fabric, non-woven fabric, synthetic microporous resin membrane, etc.
While one positive electrode 31 and one negative electrode 32 are provided in
The type of the electric storage element 30 is not limited in any way, and it may be a lithium ion capacitor, lithium ion battery, electrical double-layer capacitor, etc. Together with the electric storage element 30, electrolyte is housed in the housing space R. This electrolyte is a solution that contains SBP-BF4 (spirobipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate) or the like, for example, as a solute, and any electrolyte may be selected according to the type of the electric storage element 30.
The positive electrode terminal 40 is an external terminal of the positive electrode 31. As shown in
The negative electrode terminal 50 is an external terminal of the negative electrode 32. The negative electrode terminal 50 is electrically connected to the negative electrode 32 via negative electrode wiring 51, being routed between the two covering films 20 in the contact area 20a and led out from the interior to the exterior of the housing space R. The negative electrode terminal 50 may be a foil or wire made of conductive material.
As described above, the electric storage cell 10 has the contact areas 20a and the element housing part 20b. The contact areas 20a are where the two covering films 20 contact each other, while the element housing part 20b, enclosed by the contact areas 20a, is where the electric storage element 30 is housed.
The seal area E1 is an area formed by the covering films 20 thermally fused to each other, and provided around the periphery of the covering films 20.
The non-seal area E2 is an area contacted by the covering films 20 as a result of the thermal fusion in the seal area E1, and provided between the seal area E1 and the element housing part 20b. The width of the seal area E1 and non-seal area E2 may be anywhere from around several millimeters to several tens of millimeters, for example.
[Configuration of Covering film]
The metal layer 25 is a layer made of foil-like metal, and has a function to prevent moisture in air from permeating through it. As shown in
The metal layer 25 may be a metal foil made of aluminum, for example. Besides the foregoing, the metal layer 25 may also be a foil of copper, nickel, stainless steel, etc. Preferably the thickness of the metal layer 25 pertaining to this embodiment is around several tens of micrometers.
The internal resin layer 26 is laminated to the first principle face 25a to constitute the inner periphery face of the housing space R, covering and insulating the metal layer 25.
The internal resin layer 26 is made of synthetic resin, such as non-oriented cast polypropylene (CPP) or polyethylene, for example. Besides the foregoing, the internal resin layer 26 may be made of acid-modified polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or the like. Also, the internal resin layer 26 may be constituted by multiple synthetic resin layers laminated together.
The external resin layer 27 is laminated to the second principle face 25b to constitute the surface 27a of the electric storage cell 10, covering and protecting the metal layer 25.
The external resin layer 27 is made of synthetic resin, and it may be made of at least one of polyethylene terephthalate and nylon, for example. Also, the external resin layer 27 may have a two-layer structure consisting of a nylon layer made of oriented nylon, etc., and a polyethylene terephthalate layer laminated to it. Besides the foregoing, the external resin layer 27 may be made of bi-axially oriented polypropylene, polyimide, polycarbonate, or the like.
In this embodiment, the housing space R is formed by the covering film package constituted as above, where the two covering films 20 are facing each other with the electric storage element 30 in between and sealed in a seal area E1 of the contact areas 20a which also include a non-seal area E2. In the seal area E1, the internal resin layers 26 of the two covering films 20 are thermally fused to each other. The covering films 20 are each positioned in such a way that the internal resin layer 26 faces the housing space R side (inside) and the external resin layer 27 constitutes the surface 27a side (outside).
The covering films 20 are used in a condition where they maintain flexibility, and may be formed in a manner being curved at the peripheries of the electric storage element 30 according to the shape of the electric storage element 30, as shown in
[Configuration of Projecting Area]
Because the seal area E1 has the projecting area E3, the boundary B between the seal area E1 and the non-seal area E2 comprises a boundary B1 and a boundary B2, as shown in
Also, with respect to the projecting area E3, the distance D1 between the slit S and its apex P2, and its maximum width D3 in the X direction, may each independently be set to, for example, anywhere between around several millimeters and several tens of millimeters (e.g., 3 mm to 30 mm, in some embodiments, D3>D1), depending on the size of the electric storage cell 10 (e.g., the dimensional ratios illustrated in
The shape of the projecting area E3 pertaining to this embodiment is not limited to triangle as shown in
The position where the projecting area E3 is formed is not limited to the position shown in
[Configuration of Slit]
Preferably the depth D4 of the slit S is such that the metal layer 25 prevents moisture permeation in a normal state, but in the event of abnormality, the metal layer 25 would rupture quickly. To be specific, the depth may be 0 μm or more but no more than 5 μm, for example, measured as the distance D5 from the bottom P1 of the slit S in the external resin layer 27 to the second principle face 25b. It should be noted that the distance D5 is not limited to 0 μm or more but no more than 5 μm, and it may be 0 μm or more but no more than 15 μm, for example.
The slit S intersects with the boundary B1 between the projecting area E3 and the non-seal area E2, as shown in
In this embodiment, as long as the slit S intersects with the boundary B1 between the projecting area E3 and the non-seal area E2, its extending direction is not limited in any way; however, preferably it is formed in parallel with the periphery of the seal area E1. This way, the internal resin layer 26 can expand and rupture easily from the slit S in the event of abnormality of the electric storage cell 10, which in turn allows for lowering of the release pressure at which the internal pressure of the electric storage cell 10 is released.
[Operations of Slit and Projecting Area]
While the electric storage cell 10 is in use, the covering film 20 remains in the state shown in
On the other hand, if an abnormality occurs in the electric storage cell 10 while the electric storage cell 10 is in use and its internal pressure rises as a result, the covering film 20 expands. And, once the internal pressure reaches or exceeds a certain level, the covering film 20 breaks open at the part where the slit S is formed. As a result, the internal pressure of the housing space R is released.
This means that, in this embodiment, the formation of the slit S in the covering film 20 allows the position at which the covering film 20 would break open, to be specified beforehand. If no slit S is provided, the weakest part of the covering film package, or specifically the seal area E1, will break open and the internal pressure will be released. In this case, there is no way of knowing which part of the seal area E1 formed over the entire periphery of the electric storage element 30, will break open.
Also, the release of the internal pressure in the event of abnormality occurs as a result of the covering film 20 breaking open, as described above. In other words, the release pressure at which the internal pressure of the electric storage cell 10 is released can be adjusted by the strength of the covering film 20.
The strength of the covering film 20 can be adjusted by the thickness of the covering film 20, for example. In this case, the strength of the covering film 20 can be adjusted by the overall thickness of the covering film 20 including its metal layer 25, internal resin layer 26, and external resin layer 27. At any rate, it is sufficient that the internal pressure at which the covering film 20 breaks open at the slit S is lower than the internal pressure at which the seal area E1 breaks open.
In addition, it is also possible, in this embodiment, to adjust the release pressure at which the internal pressure of the housing space R is released after having risen due to an abnormality of the electric storage cell 10, by the position where the slit S is formed.
To be more specific, the electric storage cell 10 in this embodiment has a projecting area E3 that corresponds to where the seal area E1 penetrates into the non-seal area E2, as shown in
Then, as the internal pressure rises further, the stress continues to concentrate at the projecting area E3 and the separation of the projecting area E3 starting from the apex P2 of the projecting area E3 progresses, and consequently the stress propagates to the slit S. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, “separation of the projecting area E3” refers to a condition where, with respect to the covering films 20 that are thermally fused with each other and thus constituting the projecting area E3, one covering film 20 separates from the other covering film 20, and the same applies in the following explanations.
Then, this stress that has propagated to the slit S causes the covering film 20 to break open through the slit S formed at the projecting area E3 and the internal pressure of the housing space R is released. Next, as the releasing of the internal pressure of the housing space R progresses, the covering film 20 breaks open through the slit S formed in the non-seal area E2. In other words, the covering film 20 breaks open over the entire location where the slit S is formed. As a result, the rising internal pressure of the electric storage cell 10 is released over a short period of time.
In this embodiment, the stress that generated due to an abnormality of the electric storage cell 10 propagates to the projecting area E3 first, and this stress becomes a stress that tries to separate the projecting area E3. Then, as this stress propagates to the slit S, the covering film 20 breaks open through the slit S and the internal pressure of the housing space R is released. This means that, in this embodiment, the release pressure of the electric storage cell 10 can be adjusted by means of adjusting the forming position of the slit S within the range where it intersects with the projecting area E3.
In particular, the projecting area E3 pertaining to this embodiment has a triangle shape formed by the first and second points of intersection P3, P4 and the apex P2, as shown in
Accordingly, it is possible, in this embodiment, to control the release pressure of the electric storage cell 10 to a desired level by adjusting the distance D1 between the apex P2 of the projecting area E3 and the slit S and/or the distance D2 between the boundary B2 and the slit S.
For example, making the distance D1 longer than the distance D2 increases the separation area of the projecting area E3 needed before the stress propagates to the slit S. This means that the stress needed before it propagates to the slit S becomes higher, and the release pressure of the electric storage cell 10 becomes higher as a result.
On the other hand, making the distance D1 shorter than the distance D2 decreases the separation area of the projecting area E3 needed before the stress propagates to the slit S. This means that the stress needed before it propagates to the slit S becomes lower, and the release pressure of the electric storage cell 10 becomes lower as a result.
Also, with the electric storage cell 10 pertaining to this embodiment, the internal pressure of the housing space R is released through the slit S before the stress concentrates at the boundary B2, as described above. This way, the release pressure at which the internal pressure is released after having risen due to an abnormality can be reduced to levels lower than heretofore possible with conventional electric storage cells. To be specific, the release pressure can be reduced to approx. 0.05 MPa with the electric storage cell 10.
Also, with the electric storage cell 10 pertaining to this embodiment, the adjustability of the release pressure in the event of abnormality prevents the release pressure from becoming higher than a desired level even when the thickness of the electric storage cell 10 is relatively small. This way, release of internal pressure from a location other than the location where the slit S is formed, can be prevented.
Also, in this embodiment, the release pressure of the electric storage cell 10 can be adjusted to a desired level by adjusting the distance D1 between the apex P2 and the slit S and/or the distance D2 between the boundary B2 and the slit S. This means that, in this embodiment, the depth D4 of the slit S does not have much bearing on the setting of the release pressure of the electric storage cell 10. As a result, the processing accuracy of the slit S can be relaxed more than what has been heretofore permitted and the productivity of electric storage cells 10 can be improved.
To be specific, it is sufficient for the depth D4 of the slit S in this embodiment to be such that the distance D5 between the bottom P1 of the slit S and the second principle face 25b of the metal layer 25 becomes 0 μm or more but no more than 15 μm, and it need not reach the metal layer 25. This way, corrosion of the metal layer 25 is prevented even when the electric storage cell 10 is used in a corrosive environment.
[Electric Storage Module]
An electric storage module can be constituted by stacking multiple electric storage cells 10 per this embodiment on top of each other.
The multiple electric storage cells 10 are stacked together with the heat conductive sheets 101 in between, and supported by the support members 103. The number of electric storage cells 10 may be two or more. The positive electrode terminals 40 and negative electrode terminals 50 of the electric storage cells 10 may be connected between the electric storage cells 10 via wiring or terminals that are not illustrated. Also, plates 102 are stacked at the top face and bottom face of the multiple electric storage cells 10.
As shown in
Also, as shown in
This means that, by providing a leakage-countermeasure component (sponge or other absorbent member) in the aforementioned location, this leakage-countermeasure component applied commonly to the adjacent electric storage cells 10 can be used (e.g., by shortening a part 101a of the heat conductive sheet in
If slits S are formed near the back-to-back connection part of the adjacent electric storage cells 10, a leakage-countermeasure must be provided for each cell; if the slits S are formed in the same direction, a leakage-countermeasure component must be provided for each cell based on a different structure.
This means that, by providing slits S in the aforementioned locations, an electric storage module 100 that can address leakage of electrolyte from the slits S, should it occur, without complicating the apparatus configuration and also at low cost, can be provided.
[Variation Examples]
Also, while the slit S in the aforementioned embodiment has two points of intersection with the boundary B1, this is not always the case and, as shown in
Furthermore, while there is one slit S in the aforementioned embodiment, this is not always the case and, as shown in
In the present disclosure where conditions and/or structures are not specified, a skilled artisan in the art can readily provide such conditions and/or structures, in view of the present disclosure, as a matter of routine experimentation. Also, in the present disclosure including the examples described above, any ranges applied in some embodiments may include or exclude the lower and/or upper endpoints, and any values of variables indicated may refer to precise values or approximate values and include equivalents, and may refer to average, median, representative, majority, etc. in some embodiments. Further, in this disclosure, “a” may refer to a species or a genus including multiple species, and “the invention” or “the present invention” may refer to at least one of the embodiments or aspects explicitly, necessarily, or inherently disclosed herein. The terms “constituted by” and “having” refer independently to “typically or broadly comprising”, “comprising”, “consisting essentially of”, or “consisting of” in some embodiments. In this disclosure, any defined meanings do not necessarily exclude ordinary and customary meanings in some embodiments.
The present application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-159304, filed Aug. 15, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety including any and all particular combinations of the features disclosed therein.
It will be understood by those of skill in the art that numerous and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, it should be clearly understood that the forms of the present invention are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-159304 | Aug 2016 | JP | national |
