Patent Grant
12152474
None.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Electric submersible pumps (hereafter “ESP” or “ESPs”) may be used to lift production fluid in a wellbore. Specifically, ESPs may be used to pump the production fluid to the surface in wells with low reservoir pressure. ESPs may be of importance in wells having low bottomhole pressure or for use with production fluids having a low gas/oil ratio, a low bubble point, a high water cut, and/or a low API gravity. Moreover, ESPs may also be used in any production operation to increase the flow rate of the production fluid to a target flow rate.
Generally, an ESP comprises an electric motor, a seal section, a pump intake, and one or more pumps (e.g., a centrifugal pump). These components may all be connected with a series of shafts. For example, the pump shaft may be coupled to the motor shaft through the intake and seal shafts. An electric power cable provides electric power to the electric motor from the surface. The electric motor supplies mechanical torque to the shafts, which provide mechanical power to the pump. Fluids, for example reservoir fluids, may enter the wellbore where they may flow past the outside of the motor to the pump intake. These fluids may then be produced by being pumped to the surface inside the production tubing via the pump, which discharges the reservoir fluids into the production tubing.
The reservoir fluids that enter the ESP may sometimes comprise a gas fraction. These gases may flow upwards through the liquid portion of the reservoir fluid in the pump. The gases may even separate from the other fluids when the pump is in operation. If a large volume of gas enters the ESP, or if a sufficient volume of gas accumulates on the suction side of the ESP, the gas may interfere with ESP operation and potentially prevent the intake of the reservoir fluid. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as a “gas lock” because the ESP may not be able to operate properly due to the accumulation of gas within the ESP.
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts.
It should be understood at the outset that although illustrative implementations of one or more embodiments are illustrated below, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or not yet in existence. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.
As used herein, orientation terms “upstream,” “downstream,” “up,” and “down” are defined relative to the direction of flow of well fluid in the well casing. “Upstream” is directed counter to the direction of flow of well fluid, towards the source of well fluid (e.g., towards perforations in well casing through which hydrocarbons flow out of a subterranean formation and into the casing). “Downstream” is directed in the direction of flow of well fluid, away from the source of well fluid. “Down” is directed counter to the direction of flow of well fluid, towards the source of well fluid. “Up” is directed in the direction of flow of well fluid, away from the source of well fluid.
Gas entering a centrifugal pump of an electric submersible pump (ESP) assembly can cause various difficulties for a centrifugal pump. In an extreme case, the pump may become gas locked and become unable to pump fluid. In less extreme cases, the pump may experience harmful operating conditions when transiently passing a slug of gas. When in operation, the centrifugal pump rotates at a high rate of speed (e.g., about 3600 RPM) and relies on the continuous flow of reservoir liquid to both cool and lubricate its bearing surfaces. When this continuous flow of reservoir liquid is interrupted, even for a brief period of seconds, the bearings of the centrifugal pump may heat up rapidly and undergo significant wear, shortening the operational life of the centrifugal pump, thereby increasing operating costs due to more frequent change-out and/or repair of the centrifugal pump. Down time involved in repairing or replacing the centrifugal pump may also interrupt well production undesirably. In some operating environments, for example in some horizontal wellbores, gas slugs that persist for at least 10 seconds are repeatedly experienced. Some gas slugs may persist for as much as 30 seconds or more. The present disclosure teaches a new ESP assembly fluid intake extension that mitigates the effects of gas slugs.
A gas separator comprises an inlet at its downhole end that receives fluid from a fluid intake defining a plurality of inlet ports, where the fluid intake is coupled to a downhole end of the gas separator assembly. The fluid may comprise reservoir fluid flowing uphole from a subterranean formation as well as fluid that exits a gas discharge port of the gas separator. The gas separator inlet feeds the received fluid to one or more fluid mover (e.g., a paddle wheel, an auger, a centrifugal impeller, and/or a vortex inducer) that imparts a rotating motion to the reservoir fluid. The rotating fluid flows from the fluid mover into a separation chamber. The rotation of the fluid in the separation chamber tends to separate gas phase fluid from liquid phase fluid. In an embodiment, the separation chamber may enclose a stationary auger that further helps to cause the fluid to rotate.
Due to the rotation of the fluid, the relatively lower density gas phase fluid tends to concentrate near a centerline axis of the gas separator assembly (e.g., near a drive shaft of the gas separator assembly), and the relatively higher density liquid phase fluid tends to concentrate near an inside wall of a housing or separation chamber of the gas separator assembly. In an embodiment, an uphole end of the separation chamber may be empty to better promote liquid rich fluid to separate from gas rich fluid. The fluid near the centerline axis enters a gas phase discharge of the gas separator assembly and exits the gas separator assembly to an annulus formed between the wellbore and the outside of the ESP assembly; the fluid near the inside wall enters a liquid phase discharge of the gas separator assembly and is directed downstream to another stage of the gas separator assembly or to an inlet of the centrifugal pump assembly. In this way the fluid that is fed downstream to the inlet of the centrifugal pump assembly may be said to be a liquid enriched fluid or a liquid enriched fraction of the received fluid. In practice, fluid that is exhausted out the gas phase discharge of the gas separator assembly has a tendency to, at least in part, flow back to the fluid intake, potentially mixing gas with liquid phase fluid at the fluid intake, increasing the gas-to-liquid ratio of the fluid flowing into the fluid intake. This may be referred to as recirculation, and when a high gas-to-liquid ratio fluid is exhausted out of the gas phase discharge of the gas separator, this recirculation can be a technical problem.
As taught herein, an intake extension tubular at least partially encloses a seal section of the ESP assembly which is located downhole of the fluid intake. The intake extension tubular couples to the fluid intake uphole of the inlet ports of the fluid intake, thereby defining an annulus between an inside of the intake extension tubular and an outside of the seal section, where this annulus provides a flow path for fluid to flow from outside the intake extension tubular, uphole in the annulus defined between the inside of the intake extension tubular and the outside of the seal section, and to flow to the intake ports of the fluid intake. The intake extension tubular increases the distance that fluid exhausted from the gas phase discharge ports of the gas separator travels before it can be recirculated into the inlet ports of the fluid intake, thereby increasing opportunity for gas in the fluid to bubble out of suspension in the fluid and to rise uphole outside the ESP assembly, thereby enriching the liquid content (e.g., reducing the gas-to-liquid ratio) of the fluid that is recirculated into the intake ports of the fluid intake. It is generally desirable for the gas separator assembly and the centrifugal pump to receive fluid having a lower gas-to-liquid ratio.
When reservoir fluid is primarily liquid phase fluid, the gas separator assembly may exhaust primarily liquid phase fluid out of the gas phase discharge of the gas separator assembly. This primarily liquid phase fluid flows down the outside of the gas separator assembly and the outside of the intake extension tubular and fills an annulus defined between the inside of the wellbore and the outside of the gas separator assembly and the outside of the intake extension tubular. This column of primarily liquid phase fluid constitutes a reservoir that can be beneficial during a transient gas slug when the primarily liquid phase fluid that has accumulated may mix with the gas phase fluid of the gas slug in the opening to the annulus defined by the inside of the extended intake tubular and the outside of the seal section to reduce the gas-to-liquid ratio of the fluid flowing into the fluid intake (that is, reduce the gas-to-liquid ratio of fluid entering the fluid intake relative to what it would be if only the gas flowing downstream from the subterranean formation were entering the fluid intake). It is noted that in this case too (e.g., the state of primarily liquid phase fluid flowing downstream past the electric motor and primarily liquid phase fluid filling the annulus between the inside of the wellbore and the outside of the gas separator assembly and the outside of the intake extension tubular, the longer or more extended the intake extension tubular, the more the capacity of the ESP assembly to sustain a lengthy gas slug while drawing down the reservoir of primarily liquid phase fluid to mix with the gas of the gas slug at the entrance of the intake extension tubular.
Turning now to
An intake extension tubular 125 is coupled to the fluid intake 135 uphole of the intake ports 136 and extends downhole to at least partially enclose the seal section 124. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 encloses at least three quarters of the seal section 124. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 encloses at least one half of the seal section 124. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 encloses at least three fifths of the seal section 124. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 encloses at least seven eighths of the seal section 124. Said in other words, the axial length of the outside of the intake extension tubular 125, when it is installed to the ESP assembly 132, extends over at least one half, at least three fifths, at least three quarters, or at least seven eighths of the axial length of the seal section 124. In an embodiment, the seal section 124 may comprise a single seal, a tandem seal (e.g., two seals coupled to each other), a triple seal (e.g., three seals coupled to each other), or other such multiple seal combinations. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 encloses the seal section 124 and part or all of the electric motor 122.
In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 may be from about 2 feet long to about 50 feet long. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 may be from about 2 feet long to about 45 feet long. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 may be from about 2 feet long to about 40 feet long. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 may be from about 2 feet long to about 35 feet long. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 may be from about 2 feet long to about 30 feet long. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 may be from about 2 feet long to about 25 feet long. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 may be from about 2 feet long to about 20 feet long. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 may be from about 2 feet long to about 15 feet long. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 may be from about 2 feet long to about 10 feet long. In an embodiment, the intake extension tubular 125 may be from about 1 foot long to about 5 feet long. In an embodiment, the outside diameter of the intake extension tubular 125 is about 3.38 inches, about 4 inches, about 5.13 inches, about 5.38 inches, about 5.5 inches, about 5.75 inches, about 6 inches, or some other diameter.
The centrifugal pump assembly may couple to a production tubing 134 via a connector 130. In some context, the connector 130 may be referred to as a pump discharge. An electric cable 123 may attach to the electric motor 122 and extend to the surface 158 to connect to an electric power source (not shown). In an embodiment, an inverted shroud (not shown) may be sealingly attached at a downhole end of the inverted shroud to an outside of the gas separator assembly 126 below gas phase discharge ports of the gas separator assembly and attached at an uphole end of the inverted shroud to an outside of the centrifugal pump assembly 128 or to an outside of the production tubing 134. The combination of the intake extension tubular 125 and the inverted shroud can further increase the flow path of fluid exhausted from the gas phase discharge ports of the gas separator assembly 126 and thereby encourage further the bubbling out of gas from the exhausted fluid.
The casing 104 and/or wellbore 102 may have perforations 140 that allow reservoir fluid 142 to pass from the subterranean formation through the perforations 140 and into the wellbore 102. The reservoir fluid 142 may comprise hydrocarbons such as crude oil and/or natural gas. The reservoir fluid 142 may comprise hot water, for example when the wellbore 102 is a geothermal well. The reservoir fluid 142 may flow uphole towards the ESP assembly 132, enter an opening 127 at a downhole end of the intake extension tubular 125, flow up the inside of the intake extension tubular 125, and flow into the inlet ports 136.
The reservoir fluid 142 may comprise liquid phase fluids. The reservoir fluid 142 may comprise gas phase fluids mixed with liquid phase fluids. The reservoir fluid 142 may comprise only a gas phase fluid (e.g., simply gas). Over time, the gas-to-liquid ratio of the reservoir fluid 142 may change dramatically. For example, in the horizontal portion 106 of the wellbore gas may build up in high points in the roof of the wellbore 102 and after accumulating sufficiently may “burp” out of these high points and flow downstream to the ESP assembly 132 as what is commonly referred to as a gas slug. Thus, immediately before a gas slug arrives at the ESP assembly 132, the gas-to-liquid ratio of the reservoir fluid 142 may be very low (e.g., the reservoir fluid 142 at the ESP assembly 132 is mostly liquid phase fluid); when the gas slug arrives at the ESP assembly 132, the gas-to-liquid ratio is very high (e.g., the reservoir fluid 142 at the ESP assembly 132 is entirely or almost entirely gas phase fluid); and after the gas slug has passed the ESP assembly 132, the gas-to-liquid ratio may again be very low (e.g., the reservoir fluid 142 at the ESP assembly 132 is mostly liquid phase fluid).
Fluid received through the inlet ports 136 of the fluid intake 135 may flow into a downhole end of the gas separator assembly 126, for example into an inlet of the gas separator assembly 126. The gas separator assembly 126 comprises gas phase discharge ports 138 (best seen in
Under normal operating conditions (e.g., reservoir fluid 142 is flowing out of the perforations 140, the ESP assembly 132 is energized by electric power, the electric motor 122 is turning, and a gas slug is not present at the opening 127 at the downhole end of the intake extension tubular 125), the reservoir fluid 142 enters the opening 127, flows uphole inside the intake extension tubular 125, flows into the inlets 136, and the reservoir fluid 142 is separated by the gas separator assembly 126 into a gas phase fluid (or a mixed-phase fluid having a higher gas-to-liquid ratio than the reservoir fluid 142 entering the inlet ports 136) and into a liquid phase fluid (or a mixed-phase fluid having a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the reservoir fluid 142 entering the inlet ports 136). The gas phase fluid is discharged via the gas phase discharge ports 138 into the wellbore 102, and the liquid phase fluid is flowed downstream to the centrifugal pump assembly 128 as liquid phase fluid 154. Under normal operating conditions, the gas phase fluid that is discharged from the gas phase discharge ports 138 into the annulus between the casing 104 and the outside of the ESP assembly 132 may comprise both gas phase fluid 150 that rises uphole in the wellbore 102 and liquid phase fluid 152 that falls downhole in the wellbore 102. In some contexts, the fluid 152 may be referred to as recirculating fluid. The centrifugal pump assembly 128 flows the liquid phase fluid 154 (e.g., a portion of the reservoir fluid 142) up the production tubing 134 to a wellhead 156 at the surface 158.
An orientation of the wellbore 102 and the ESP assembly 132 is illustrated in
Turning now to
Reservoir fluid 142 and fluid 152 enter the opening 127 at the downhole end of the intake extension tubular 125 and mixes to form the combined fluid. The combined fluid 131 flows uphole in the fluid flow path 129 to the inlet ports 136 and enter the interior of the gas separator assembly 126. A fluid mover inside the gas separator assembly 126 is coupled to a drive shaft in the gas separator that is coupled to a drive shaft in the seal section 124. The drive shaft in the seal section 124 is coupled to a drive shaft of the electric motor 122. The turning drive shaft inside the gas separator assembly 126 turns the fluid mover, causing the combined fluid 131 to rotate and separate into a gas phase fluid (or a higher gas-to-liquid ratio fluid) that exits the gas phase discharge ports 138 and a liquid phase fluid (or a lower gas-to-liquid ratio fluid) that flows uphole to the centrifugal pump assembly 128. The liquid phase fluid is labeled as fluid 154 in
The fluid that exits the gas phase discharge ports 138 may separate partly into a first fluid portion (e.g., free gas or gas bubbles) 150 that rises in the annulus formed between the casing 104 and the outside of the ESP assembly 132 and a second fluid portion 152 that falls in the annulus between the casing 104 and the outside of the ESP assembly 132 to recirculate into the opening 127. The greater the distance the second fluid portion 152 travels from the gas discharge ports 138 to the opening 127, the more opportunity for gas to bubble out of the second fluid portion 152 and to rise in the annulus between the casing 104 and the outside of the ESP assembly 132.
In an embodiment, the outside diameter of the intake extension tubular 125 is about equal to the outside diameter of the gas separator assembly 126 and to the outside diameter of the centrifugal pump assembly 128. For example, in an embodiment, the outside diameter of the intake extension tubular 125 is equal to the outside diameter of the gas separator assembly 126 and to the outside diameter of the centrifugal pump assembly 128 within +/−0.025 inch, within +/−0.05 inch, within +/−0.075 inch, within +/−0.1 inch, within +/−0.15 inch, within +/−0.2 inch, within +/−0.25 inch, within +/−0.3 inch, within +/−0.35 inch, within +/−0.4 inch, within +/−0.45 inch, or within +/−0.5 inch. The seal section 124 has a smaller outside diameter than the inside diameter of the intake extension tubular 125. In an embodiment, the outside diameter of the electric motor 122 is larger than the outside diameter of the intake extension tubular 125. In an embodiment, the casing 104 is about 5 ½ inch casing. In an embodiment, the outside diameter of the electric motor 122 is about 4 9/16 inches (e.g., about 4.56 inches). In an embodiment, the outside diameter of the seal section 124 is about 3⅜ inches (e.g., about 3.38 inches). In an embodiment, the outside diameter of the intake extension tubular 125 is about 4 inches. In an embodiment, the electric cable 123 is coupled to an outside of the centrifugal pump assembly 128, coupled to an outside of the gas separator assembly 126, coupled to an outside of the intake extension tubular 125, and attaches to the electric motor 122 via a pot head plug (not shown). Because the outside diameters of the intake extension tubular 125, of the gas separator assembly 126, and of the centrifugal pump assembly 128 are about the same, the electric cable 123 can be smoothly aligned and remain substantially parallel with a centerline of the ESP assembly 132 without having to make any bends or dips which can help avoid hanging the electric cable 123 on the casing 104 or on other objects when running into the wellbore 102.
Turning now to
Turning now to
Turning now to
In the embodiment of
When an inverted shroud 178 is combined with the intake extension tubular 125, the outside diameter of the intake extension tubular 125 and the outside diameter of the inverted shroud 178 may be about the same. For example, in an embodiment, the outside diameter of the intake extension tubular 125 may be equal to the outside diameter of the inverted shroud 178 within +/−0.025 inch, within +/−0.05 inch, within +/−0.075 inch, within +/−0.1 inch, within +/−0.15 inch, within +/−0.2 inch, within +/−0.25 inch, within +/−0.3 inch, within +/−0.35 inch, within +/−0.4 inch, within +/−0.45 inch, or within +/−0.5 inch
In an embodiment, the outside diameter of the seal section 124, the outside diameter of the gas separator assembly 126, and the outside diameter of the centrifugal pump assembly 128 may be about the same. For example, in an embodiment, the outside diameter the seal section 124 is equal to the outside diameter of the gas separator assembly 126 and to the outside diameter of the centrifugal pump assembly 128 within +/−0.025 inch, within +/−0.05 inch, within +/−0.075 inch, within +/−0.1 inch, within +/−0.15 inch, within +/−0.2 inch, within +/−0.25 inch, within +/−0.3 inch, within +/−0.35 inch, within +/−0.4 inch, within +/−0.45 inch, or within +/−0.5 inch. In an embodiment, the electric cable 123 is coupled to an outside of the inverted shroud 178, coupled to an outside of the intake extension tubular 125, and attaches to the electric motor 122 via a pot head plug (not shown). Because the outside diameters of the intake extension tubular 125 and of the inverted shroud 178 are about the same, the electric cable 123 can be smoothly aligned and remain substantially parallel with a centerline of the ESP assembly 132 without having to make any bends or dips which can help avoid hanging the electric cable 123 on the casing 104 or on other objects when running into the wellbore 102.
The inverted shroud 178 may be made of pipe or other tubular metal. The inverted shroud 178 may be formed by coupling a plurality of sections of pipe of other tubulars together end-to-end, for example by threadingly coupling sections together. The inverted shroud 178 may be between 4 feet and 200 feet in length, between 6 feet and 200 feet in length, between 8 feet and 200 feet in length, between 10 feet and 200 feet in length, between 12 feet and 200 feet in length, between 15 feet and 200 feet in length, between 20 feet and 200 feet in length, between 25 feet and 200 feet in length, between 30 feet and 200 feet in length, between 35 feet and 200 feet in length, between 40 feet and 200 feet in length, between 45 and 200 feet in length, between 50 feet and 200 feet in length, between 70 feet and 200 feet in length, between 100 feet and 200 feet in length. In an embodiment, the inverted shroud 178 may be between 4 feet and 1000 feet in length. In longer inverted shrouds 178, the uphole end of inverted shroud 178 may couple to an outside of the production tubing 134 as illustrated in
Turning now to
Turning now to
At block 402, the method 400 comprises running an electric submersible pump (ESP) assembly into the wellbore 102. In an embodiment, the ESP assembly is substantially the ESP assembly 132 described above with reference to
At block 404, the method 400 comprises providing electric power to the electric motor. For example, electric power is sourced at a surface location proximate the wellbore and distributed down the electric cable 123 to the electric motor 122. At block 406, the method 400 comprises receiving a fluid from downhole of the electric motor by the downhole end of the intake extension tubular. Initially the fluid received may flow from a subterranean formation through perforations in the wellbore 102 and/or in the casing 104. As the ESP assembly continues to operate in the wellbore, at least a portion of the fluid exhausted out the gas phase discharge ports of the gas separator is also received by the downhole end of the intake extension tubular, as for example as described below in block 422 as the fourth fluid portion.
At block 408, the method 400 comprises flowing the fluid uphole in the first annulus to the inlet ports of the fluid intake. In an embodiment, the processing of block 408 comprises flowing the fluid 142 uphole in the fluid flow path 129 to the inlet ports 136 of the fluid intake 135. Alternatively, at block 408, the method 400 comprises flowing the fluid uphole in the plurality of fluid intake tubulars as described with reference to
At block 410, the method 400 comprises separating the fluid by the gas separator into a first fluid portion and a second fluid portion, wherein the first fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the second fluid portion. In an embodiment, the processing of block 410 comprises a fluid mover in the gas separator causing the fluid to rotate inside the separation chamber of the gas separator to segregate the first fluid portion from the second fluid portion (e.g., the denser first fluid portion congregates towards an outside interior wall of the separation chamber and the less-dense second fluid portion congregates towards a center of the separation chamber, proximate to the outside of the drive shaft of the gas separator).
At block 412, method 400 comprises flowing the first fluid portion by the gas separator via the at least one liquid phase discharge port to the inlet of the pump assembly. At block 414, the method 400 comprises flowing the second fluid portion by the gas separator via the gas phase discharge ports into a second annulus defined between an inside of the wellbore and an outside of the ESP assembly. In an embodiment, the structure of the gas separator that provides the at least one liquid phase discharge port and the gas phase discharge ports may be provided by a cross-over.
At block 416, the method 400 comprises separating the second fluid portion into a first free gas portion and a third fluid portion in the second annulus, wherein the third fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the second fluid portion. At block 418, the method 400 comprises flowing the first free gas portion uphole in the second annulus.
At block 420, the method 400 comprises flowing the third fluid portion downhole in the second annulus. At block 422, the method 400 comprises bubbling gas out of the third fluid portion to form a second free gas portion and a fourth fluid portion, wherein the fourth fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the third fluid portion. The processing of block 422 may entail gas that has become emulsified in liquid by the fluid mover in the gas separator to recombine with other gas bubbles. The processing of block 422 may entail gas bubbling free as a result of entering a decreased pressure zone in the wellbore. The processing of block 422 may entail gas bubbling free because the rate of flow of the third fluid portion has decreased sufficiently to allow the gas to move against the direction of flow of the third fluid portion. At block 424, the method 400 comprises receiving the fourth fluid portion by the downhole end of the intake extension tubular. Alternatively, at block 424, the fourth fluid portion is received at the downhole ends of the plurality of intake extension tubulars 137 as described above with reference to
In an embodiment, the processing of block 424 comprises mixing the fluid from the subterranean formation (e.g., fluid 142 in
In an embodiment, a downhole end of the intake extension tubular is coupled to an outside of the seal section by an inlet clamp that defines inlet ports, wherein receiving the fluid from downhole of the electric motor by the downhole end of the intake extension tubular comprises receiving the fluid from downhole of the electric motor by the inlet ports of the inlet clamp, and wherein receiving the fourth fluid portion by the downhole end of the intake extension tubular comprises receiving the fourth fluid portion by the inlet ports of the inlet clamp. In an embodiment, downhole ends of the intake extension tubulars 137 are coupled to an outside of the seal section by an inlet clamp that defines inlet ports, wherein receiving the fluid from downhole of the electric motor by the downhole end of the intake extension tubular comprises receiving the fluid from downhole of the electric motor by the inlet ports of the inlet clamp, and wherein receiving the fourth fluid portion by the downhole ends of the intake extension tubulars 137 comprises receiving the fourth fluid portion by the inlet ports of the inlet clamp.
In an embodiment, the ESP assembly further comprises an inverted shroud that is coupled at a downhole end to an outside of the gas separator below the gas phase discharge ports and is coupled at an uphole end to an outside of the pump assembly or to a production tubing that is coupled to an outlet of the pump assembly, wherein flowing the second fluid portion by the gas separator via the gas phase discharge ports into the second annulus comprises flowing the second fluid uphole within the inverted shroud and flowing into the second annulus by exiting the uphole end of the inverted shroud.
Turning now to
At block 504, the method 500 comprises coupling a downhole end of a seal section to an uphole end of the electric motor. At block 506, the method 500 comprises coupling a downhole end of an intake extension tubular to an outside of the seal section. In an embodiment, the processing of block 506 may comprise coupling the downhole end of the intake extension tubular to the outside of the seal section using an intake clamp such as is described with reference to
At block 508, the method 500 comprises coupling a downhole end of a fluid intake to an uphole end of the seal section, wherein the fluid intake defines a plurality of inlet ports. At block 510, the method 500 comprises coupling an uphole end of the intake extension tubular to the fluid intake uphole of the inlet ports of the fluid intake, wherein the ESP assembly defines an annulus between an inside of the intake extension tubular and an outside of the seal section that provides a flow path from the downhole end of the intake extension tubular to the inlet ports of the fluid intake. In an embodiment, the method 500 further comprises coupling an electric cable to an outside of the intake extension tubular and connecting a downhole end of the electric cable to the electric motor. In an embodiment, an outside diameter of the intake extension tubular is about the same as an outside diameter of the gas separator. For example, in an embodiment, the outside diameter of the intake extension tubular 125 is equal to the outside diameter of the gas separator assembly 126 within +/−0.025 inch, within +/−0.05 inch, within +/−0.075 inch, within +/−0.1 inch, within +/−0.15 inch, within +/−0.2 inch, within +/−0.25 inch, within +/−0.3 inch, within +/−0.35 inch, within +/−0.4 inch, within +/−0.45 inch, or within +/−0.5 inch.
At block 512, the method 500 comprises lowering the electric motor, seal section, intake extension tubular, and fluid intake partially into the wellbore. In an embodiment, the processing of block 512 may comprise lowering the electric motor, seal section, intake extension tubular, and fluid intake partially into the wellbore by a hoisting mechanism supported by a mast structure and retaining an uphole end of the fluid intake above a work floor with a retaining tool. At block 514, the method 500 comprises coupling a downhole end of a gas separator to the uphole end of the fluid intake, wherein an inlet of the gas separator is fluidically coupled to the inlet ports of the fluid intake.
At block 516, the method 500 comprises lowering the electric motor, seal section, intake extension tubular, fluid intake, and gas separator partially into the wellbore. In an embodiment, the processing of block 516 may comprise lowering the electric motor, seal section, intake extension tubular, fluid intake, and gas separator partially into the wellbore by a hoisting mechanism supported by a mast structure and retaining an uphole end of the gas separator above a work floor with a retaining tool. At block 518, the method 500 comprises coupling a downhole end of a pump assembly to an uphole end of the gas separator. In an embodiment, the pump assembly is a multi-stage centrifugal pump, wherein each stage comprises an impeller coupled to a drive shaft of the pump assembly and a diffuser retained by a housing of the pump assembly. At this point the ESP assembly may be considered completely assembly. On the other hand, other processing steps may also be involved in completing the assembly of the ESP assembly. The method 500 may further comprise securing the electric cable 123 to an outside of the intake extension tubular, to an outside of the gas separator, and/or to an outside of the pump assembly, for example using metal bands. The method 500 may further comprise coupling a fluid outlet to an uphole end of the pump assembly. The method 500 may further comprise coupling an uphole end of the pump assembly and/or an uphole end of the fluid outlet to a production tubing. In an embodiment, the method 500 may further comprise assembling an inverted shroud that couples sealingly to the outside of the gas separator downhole of the gas phase discharge ports of the gas separator and extends upwards over the outside of at least part of the pump assembly and possibly upwards over the outside of at least a lower end of the production tubing.
In an embodiment, the method 500 comprises coupling a downhole end of an inverted shroud to an outside of the gas separator downhole of plurality of gas phase discharge ports of the gas separator and coupling an uphole end of the inverted shroud to an outside of the pump assembly. In another embodiment, the method 500 further comprises coupling a downhole end of an inverted shroud to an outside of the gas separator downhole of plurality of gas phase discharge ports of the gas separator; coupling an uphole end of the pump assembly to a downhole end of a production tubing; and coupling an uphole end of the inverted shroud to an outside of the production tubing.
The following are non-limiting, specific embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure.
A first embodiment, which is an electric submersible pump (ESP) assembly, comprising an electric motor; a seal section coupled to an uphole end of the electric motor; a fluid intake coupled to an uphole end of the seal section, wherein the fluid intake defines a plurality of inlet ports; a gas separator coupled to an uphole end of the fluid intake, wherein the gas separator has a plurality of gas phase discharge ports and at least one liquid phase discharge port; a pump assembly coupled to an uphole end of the gas separator, wherein the pump assembly has a fluid inlet fluidically coupled to the at least one liquid phase discharge port of the gas separator; and an intake extension tubular, wherein an uphole end of the intake extension tubular is coupled to the fluid intake uphole of the inlet ports, wherein the intake extension tubular encloses at least three quarters of the seal section, and wherein an annulus defined between an inside of the intake extension tubular and an outside of the seal section defines a fluid flow path from a downhole end of the intake extension tubular to the inlet ports of the fluid intake.
A second embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of the first embodiment, wherein the gas separator comprises a separation chamber located within the gas separator downhole of the gas phase discharge ports and a fluid mover located downhole of the separation chamber.
A third embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of the first or second embodiment, further comprising an inlet clamp that secures a downhole end of the intake extension tubular to an outside of the seal section wherein the inlet clamp defines a plurality of inlet ports that are fluidically coupled to the fluid flow path defined by the annulus defined between the inside of the intake extension tubular and an outside of the seal section.
A fourth embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of the third embodiment, wherein the inlet clamp comprises two halves that bolt together.
A fifth embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of any of the first through the fourth embodiment, wherein the pump assembly is a centrifugal pump comprising a plurality of centrifugal pump stages, wherein each centrifugal pump stage comprises an impeller and a diffuser.
A sixth embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of any of the first through the fifth embodiment, further comprising an inverted shroud that is sealingly coupled at a downhole end to an outside of the gas separator at a point on the gas separator downhole of the gas phase discharge ports, wherein the inverted shroud extends up and over the outside of the pump assembly.
A seventh embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of any of the first through the sixth embodiment, wherein an electric power cable is located outside of the intake extension tubular and is coupled to an outside of the intake extension tubular and is connected to the electric motor.
An eighth embodiment, which is a method of lifting fluid in a wellbore, comprising running an electric submersible pump (ESP) assembly into the wellbore, wherein the ESP assembly comprises an electric motor, a seal section coupled to an uphole end of the electric motor, a fluid intake coupled to an uphole end of the seal section, wherein the fluid intake defines a plurality of inlet ports, a gas separator coupled to an uphole end of the fluid intake, wherein the gas separator defines a plurality of gas phase discharge ports and at least one liquid phase discharge port, a pump assembly coupled to an uphole end of the gas separator and having an inlet fluidically coupled to the at least one liquid phase discharge port of the gas separator, and an intake extension tubular, wherein an uphole end of the intake extension tubular is coupled to the fluid intake uphole of the inlet ports and the intake extension tubular encloses at least three quarters of the seal section, and wherein a first annulus defined between an inside of the intake extension tubular and an outside of the seal section defines a fluid flow path from a downhole end of the intake extension tubular to the inlet ports of the fluid intake; providing electric power to the electric motor; receiving a fluid from downhole of the electric motor by the downhole end of the intake extension tubular; flowing the fluid uphole in the first annulus to the inlet ports of the fluid intake; separating the fluid by the gas separator into a first fluid portion and a second fluid portion, wherein the first fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the second fluid portion; flowing the first fluid portion by the gas separator via the at least one liquid phase discharge port to the inlet of the pump assembly; flowing the second fluid portion by the gas separator via the gas phase discharge ports into a second annulus defined between an inside of the wellbore and an outside of the ESP assembly; separating the second fluid portion into a first free gas portion and a third fluid portion in the second annulus, wherein the third fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the second fluid portion; flowing the first free gas portion uphole in the second annulus; flowing the third fluid portion downhole in the second annulus; bubbling gas out of the third fluid portion to form a second free gas portion and a fourth fluid portion, wherein the fourth fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the third fluid portion; and receiving the fourth fluid portion by the downhole end of the intake extension tubular.
A ninth embodiment, which is the method of the eighth embodiment, further comprising mixing the fluid from downhole of the electric motor with the fourth fluid portion at the downhole end of the intake extension tubular.
A tenth embodiment, which is the method of the ninth embodiment, wherein the fluid from downhole of the electric motor comprises a transient gas slug and mixing the transient gas slug with the fourth fluid portion at the downhole end of the intake extension tubular provides a liquid fluid portion to the inlet ports of the fluid intake.
An eleventh embodiment, which is the method of any of the eighth through the tenth embodiment, wherein the a downhole end of the intake extension tubular is coupled to an outside of the seal section by an inlet clamp that defines inlet ports, wherein receiving the fluid from downhole of the electric motor by the downhole end of the intake extension tubular comprises receiving the fluid from downhole of the electric motor by the inlet ports of the inlet clamp, and wherein receiving the fourth fluid portion by the downhole end of the intake extension tubular comprises receiving the fourth fluid portion by the inlet ports of the inlet clamp.
A twelfth embodiment, which is the method of any of the eighth through the eleventh embodiment, wherein the ESP assembly further comprises an inverted shroud that is coupled at a downhole end to an outside of the gas separator below the gas phase discharge ports and is coupled at an uphole end to an outside of the pump assembly or to a production tubing that is coupled to an outlet of the pump assembly, wherein flowing the second fluid portion by the gas separator via the gas phase discharge ports into the second annulus comprises flowing the second fluid uphole within the inverted shroud and flowing into the second annulus by exiting the uphole end of the inverted shroud.
A thirteenth embodiment, which is the method of any of the eighth through the twelfth embodiment, wherein an outside diameter of the intake extension tubular is about the same as an outside diameter of the gas separator.
A fourteenth embodiment, which is the method of the thirteenth embodiment, wherein the ESP assembly comprises an electric cable that is coupled to an outside of the intake extension tubular and connects to the electric motor.
A fifteenth embodiment, which is a method of assembling an electric submersible pump (ESP) assembly, comprising hanging an electric motor in a wellbore; coupling a downhole end of a seal section to an uphole end of the electric motor; coupling a downhole end of an intake extension tubular to an outside of the seal section; coupling a downhole end of a fluid intake to an uphole end of the seal section, wherein the fluid intake defines a plurality of inlet ports; coupling an uphole end of the intake extension tubular to the fluid intake uphole of the inlet ports of the fluid intake, wherein the ESP assembly defines an annulus between an inside of the intake extension tubular and an outside of the seal section that provides a flow path from the downhole end of the intake extension tubular to the inlet ports of the fluid intake; lowering the electric motor, seal section, intake extension tubular, and fluid intake partially into the wellbore; coupling a downhole end of a gas separator to the uphole end of the fluid intake, wherein an inlet of the gas separator is fluidically coupled to the inlet ports of the fluid intake; lowering the electric motor, seal section, intake extension tubular, fluid intake, and gas separator partially into the wellbore; and coupling a downhole end of a pump assembly to an uphole end of the gas separator.
A sixteenth embodiment, which is the method of the fifteenth embodiment, further comprising coupling an electric cable to an outside of the intake extension tubular; and connecting a downhole end of the electric cable to the electric motor.
A seventeenth embodiment, which is the method of the fifteenth or sixteenth embodiment, wherein an outside diameter of the intake extension tubular is about the same as an outside diameter of the gas separator.
An eighteenth embodiment, which is the method of any of the fifteenth through the seventeenth embodiment, further comprising coupling a downhole end of an inverted shroud to an outside of the gas separator downhole of plurality of gas phase discharge ports of the gas separator; and coupling an uphole end of the inverted shroud to an outside of the pump assembly.
A nineteenth embodiment, which is the method of any of the fifteenth through the eighteenth embodiment, further comprising coupling a downhole end of an inverted shroud to an outside of the gas separator downhole of plurality of gas phase discharge ports of the gas separator; coupling an uphole end of the pump assembly to an downhole end of a production tubing; and coupling an uphole end of the inverted shroud to an outside of the production tubing.
A twentieth embodiment, which is the method of any of the fifteenth through the nineteenth embodiment, wherein the pump assembly is a multi-stage centrifugal pump.
A twenty-first embodiment, which is an electric submersible pump (ESP) assembly comprising: an electric motor; a seal section coupled to an uphole end of the electric motor, a fluid intake coupled to an uphole end of the seal section, wherein the fluid intake defines a plurality of inlet ports; a gas separator coupled to an uphole end of the fluid intake, wherein the gas separator has a plurality of gas phase discharge ports and at least one liquid phase discharge port; a pump assembly coupled to an uphole end of the gas separator, wherein the pump assembly has a fluid inlet fluidically coupled to the at least one liquid phase discharge port of the gas separator; and at least one intake extension tubular.
A twenty-second embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of the twenty-first embodiment, wherein the at least one intake extension tubular is a single intake extension tubular, wherein an uphole end of the intake extension tubular is coupled to the fluid intake uphole of the inlet ports, wherein the intake extension tubular encloses at least three quarters of the seal section, and wherein an annulus defined between an inside of the intake extension tubular and an outside of the seal section defines a fluid flow path from a downhole end of the intake extension tubular to the inlet ports of the fluid intake.
A twenty-third embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of the twenty-first embodiment, wherein the at least one intake extension tubular comprises a plurality of intake extension tubulars, and wherein each different intake extension tubular is coupled to a different one of the inlet ports.
A twenty-fourth embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of the twenty-third embodiment, wherein each of the plurality of intake extension tubulars extend downhole from the inlet port to which it is coupled over an outside of the seal section.
A twenty-fifth embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of the twenty-fourth embodiment, wherein each of the plurality of intake extension tubulars extends downhole from the inlet port at least two thirds of the length of the seal section.
A twenty-sixth embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of any of the twenty-third through the twenty-fifth embodiment, wherein each intake extension tubular is coupled to its associated inlet port by a weld.
A twenty-seventh embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of any of the twenty-third through the twenty-fifth embodiment, wherein each intake extension tubular is coupled to its associated inlet port by at least one bolt.
A twenty-eighth embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of any of the twenty-third through the twenty-seventh embodiment, wherein the intake extension tubulars are secured to an outside of the seal section by a retaining band.
A twenty-ninth embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of any of the twenty-third through the twenty-seventh embodiment, wherein the intake extension tubulars are secured to an outside of the electric motor by a retaining band.
A thirtieth embodiment, which is the ESP assembly of any of the twenty-third through the twenty-ninth embodiment, further comprising an inlet clamp that defines a plurality of inlet ports, wherein each of the intake extension tubulars is retained at a downhole end by one of the inlet ports of the inlet clamp, and wherein the inlet clamp secures the intake extension tubulars to an outside of the seal section or to an outside of the electric motor.
A thirty-first embodiment, which is a method of lifting fluid in a wellbore, comprising running an electric submersible pump (ESP) assembly into the wellbore, wherein the ESP assembly comprises an electric motor, a seal section coupled to an uphole end of the electric motor, a fluid intake coupled to an uphole end of the seal section, wherein the fluid intake defines a plurality of inlet ports, a gas separator coupled to an uphole end of the fluid intake, wherein the gas separator defines a plurality of gas phase discharge ports and at least one liquid phase discharge port, a pump assembly coupled to an uphole end of the gas separator and having an inlet fluidically coupled to the at least one liquid phase discharge port of the gas separator, and at least one intake extension tubular; providing electric power to the electric motor; receiving a fluid from downhole of the electric motor by a downhole end of the intake extension tubular; flowing the fluid uphole in the at least one intake extension tubular to the inlet ports of the fluid intake; separating the fluid by the gas separator into a first fluid portion and a second fluid portion, wherein the first fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the second fluid portion; flowing the first fluid portion by the gas separator via the at least one liquid phase discharge port to the inlet of the pump assembly; flowing the second fluid portion by the gas separator via the gas phase discharge ports into an annulus defined between an inside of the wellbore and an outside of the ESP assembly; separating the second fluid portion into a first free gas portion and a third fluid portion in the annulus, wherein the third fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the second fluid portion; flowing the first free gas portion uphole in the annulus; flowing the third fluid portion downhole in the annulus; bubbling gas out of the third fluid portion to form a second free gas portion and a fourth fluid portion, wherein the fourth fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the third fluid portion; and receiving the fourth fluid portion by the downhole end of the at least one intake extension tubular.
A thirty-second embodiment, which is the method of the thirty-first embodiment, wherein the at least one intake extension tubular is a single intake extension tubular, wherein an uphole end of the intake extension tubular is coupled to the fluid intake uphole of the inlet ports, wherein the intake extension tubular encloses at least three quarters of the seal section, and wherein an annulus defined between an inside of the intake extension tubular and an outside of the seal section defines a fluid flow path from a downhole end of the intake extension tubular to the inlet ports of the fluid intake.
A thirty-third embodiment, which is the method of the thirty-first embodiment, wherein the at least one intake extension tubular comprises a plurality of intake extension tubulars, and wherein each different intake extension tubular is coupled to a different one of the inlet ports.
A thirty-fourth embodiment, which is a method of lifting fluid in a wellbore, comprising running an electric submersible pump (ESP) assembly into the wellbore, wherein the ESP assembly comprises the ESP assembly according to any of the twenty-third through the thirtieth embodiment described above; providing electric power to the electric motor; receiving a fluid from downhole of the electric motor by a downhole end of the intake extension tubular; flowing the fluid uphole in the at least one intake extension tubular to the inlet ports of the fluid intake; separating the fluid by the gas separator into a first fluid portion and a second fluid portion, wherein the first fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the second fluid portion; flowing the first fluid portion by the gas separator via the at least one liquid phase discharge port to the inlet of the pump assembly; flowing the second fluid portion by the gas separator via the gas phase discharge ports into an annulus defined between an inside of the wellbore and an outside of the ESP assembly; separating the second fluid portion into a first free gas portion and a third fluid portion in the annulus, wherein the third fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the second fluid portion; flowing the first free gas portion uphole in the annulus; flowing the third fluid portion downhole in the annulus; bubbling gas out of the third fluid portion to form a second free gas portion and a fourth fluid portion, wherein the fourth fluid portion has a lower gas-to-liquid ratio than the third fluid portion; and receiving the fourth fluid portion by the downhole end of the at least one intake extension tubular.
While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted or not implemented.
Also, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as directly coupled or communicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.
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