Patent Grant
11909236
The present invention relates to an electric power tool powered by a plurality of battery packs and an adapter therefor.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,028,858 discloses an electric power tool that simultaneously uses two battery packs as a power source. In this electric power tool, the two battery packs are connected in series so that a high voltage is supplied to an electric motor of the electric power tool. As a result, a higher voltage output suitable for power-intensive operations can be generated, which output is higher than is possible when only one battery pack is used as the power source.
When battery packs are connected in series, the battery packs can be damaged in some situations. For example, when the charge states of the two battery packs differ, one battery pack can become over-discharged and then may be charged by the other battery pack in the reverse direction (i.e. reverse charging). In this case, the over-discharged battery pack may be damaged so seriously that it is no longer useable.
In an attempt to avoid this problem, U.S. Pat. No. 5,028,858 disclosed the use of two light-emitting diodes for indicating the respective charge states of the two battery packs. However, even when such indicators are provided, the battery packs can still be over-discharged or become overheated unless the user can see the indicators properly and easily. In particular, when a plurality of indicators is provided, the user must diligently watch all of the indicators. If the user does not see an indicator that is indicating an abnormality, because the indicator is located in a position not readily visible to the user, the battery pack corresponding to the indicator can still be over-discharged or become overheated.
In one aspect of the present teachings, this problem is addressed by arranging a plurality of indicators configured to indicate at least one condition of each respective battery pack such that all of the indicators are simultaneously viewable by the electric power tool user. Therefore, the information being communicated by all of the indicators can be conveniently and reliably conveyed to the user, such that the likelihood of a battery abnormality, which is being indicated for one or more of the battery packs, being overlooked is substantially reduced.
In one embodiment of the present teachings, an electric power tool preferably comprises a main body supporting a tool and an electric motor housed in the main body. A plurality of first battery interfaces is provided and each battery interface is configured to removably receive or attach one first battery pack. The plurality of first battery interfaces electrically connect a plurality of attached first battery packs in series with the electric motor. A plurality of indicators is provided and each indicator is configured to indicate at least one condition of one first battery pack attached to one of the first battery interfaces. The plurality of indicators is arranged such that all of the indicators are simultaneously viewable or visible to a single tool user.
With such a power tool, the tool user can conveniently and reliably view or see all of the indicators simultaneously and thus can visually recognize the respective conditions of the attached battery packs simultaneously. As a result, if an abnormality is indicated by one or more of the indicators, the tool user can immediately stop the usage of the electric power tool and thereby avoid unnecessary, and possibly irreparable, damage to the battery pack(s).
The present teachings can be applied to any type of cordless electric power tool, including but not limited to electric power tools for processing metals, electric power tools for processing wood, electric power tools for processing stone, and electric power tools for gardening. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, electric drills, electric impact and screw drivers, electric impact wrenches, electric grinders, electric circular saws, electric reciprocating saws, electric jig saws, electric band saws, electric hammers, electric cutters, electric chain saws, electric planers, electric nailers (including electric rivet guns), electric staplers, electric shears, electric hedge trimmers, electric lawn clippers, electric lawn mowers, electric brush cutters, electric blowers (leaf blowers), electric flashlights, electric concrete vibrators and electric vacuum cleaners.
In one embodiment of the present teachings, it is preferred that each battery pack comprises a plurality of lithium-ion cells and the nominal voltage of the battery packs is equal to or greater than 7.0 volts, more preferably equal to or greater than 12.0 volts and even more preferably equal to or greater than 18.0 volts. Over-discharging and overheating can cause significant damage to lithium-ion cells. Consequently, the present teachings are advantageous for preventing the lithium-ion cells from over-discharging and becoming overheated, thereby lengthening the service life of the battery packs.
In another embodiment, an electric power tool that normally operates at a rated voltage of 36 volts is preferably driven by two battery packs, each comprising a plurality of lithium-ion cells and each having a nominal voltage of 18 volts. In such an embodiment, the electric power tool having a higher output can be operated with the readily-available lower-voltage battery packs. Thus, the higher-voltage electric power tool (e.g., a 36 volt tool) can be used even if a corresponding high-voltage battery pack (i.e. a 36 volt battery pack) is not available to the user. Such an embodiment is also advantageous, because the lower-voltage battery pack (e.g., an 18 volt battery pack) can also be used with corresponding lower-voltage power tools (e.g., an 18 volt tool), thereby providing greater flexibility and convenience to the user.
The nominal voltage of a typical lithium-ion cell is 3.6 volts. Therefore, a battery pack having a nominal voltage of 18 volts includes at least five lithium-ion cells connected in series. The battery pack having a nominal voltage of 18 volts may also include, for example, ten lithium-ion cells, wherein five pairs of lithium-ion cells are connected in parallel, and the five pairs of parallel-connected lithium-ion cells are connected in series, whereby a voltage of 18 volts is output. In a similar manner, a battery pack having a nominal voltage of 18 volts can also include 15 or more lithium-ion cells by using such parallel- and series-connected cells. The higher the number of lithium-ion cells, the greater the capacity of the battery pack and consequently the smaller the electric current flowing in each lithium-ion cell during discharge of the battery due to a load being driven thereby.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the first battery pack 10 has a nominal voltage of 18 volts and the second battery pack 30 has a nominal voltage of 36 volts. For the sake of convenience in the following description, the first battery pack 10 having the nominal voltage of 18 volts will also be referred to as a “low-voltage battery pack 10” and the second battery pack 30 having the nominal voltage of 36 volts will also be referred to as a “high-voltage battery pack 30”.
The low-voltage battery pack 10 comprises (at least) five lithium-ion cells connected in series. The high-voltage battery pack 30 comprises (at least) ten lithium-ion cells connected in series. The two types of battery packs 10, 30 are preferably rechargeable using a battery charger (not shown in the figures) after being used as power sources for the electric tools 50, 70, 100. Further, the two types of battery packs 10, 30 are preferably so-called “slide-type” battery packs that are attached by sliding into or onto corresponding engagement portions of the electric power tools 50, 70, 100, the adapters 200, 300 or the charger. Such battery packs 10, 30 have already been put to practical use. In particular, the low-voltage battery pack 10 with the nominal voltage of 18 volts has been widely used. However, the structure of the battery pack connection is not particularly limited and a wide variety of battery pack connection mechanisms known in the art also may be advantageously utilized with the present teachings.
The low-voltage battery pack 10 can incorporate, for example, ten lithium-ion cells, rather than five lithium-ion cells, as was discussed above at the end of the Summary section. In this case, the ten lithium-ion cells comprise five pairs of lithium-ion cells connected in parallel, and the five pairs of parallel-connected lithium-ion cells are connected in series to output a voltage of 18 volts. Likewise, the high-voltage battery pack 30 can incorporate, for example, twenty lithium-ion cells, rather than ten lithium-ion cells. In this case, the twenty lithium-ion cells comprise ten pairs of lithium-ion cells connected in parallel and the ten pairs of parallel-connected lithium-ion cells are connected in series to output a voltage of 36 volts.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the “low-voltage” electric power tool 50 is designed to operate at a nominal voltage of 18 volts and the other two “high-voltage” electric tools 70, 100 are designed to operate at a nominal voltage of 36 volts. For the sake of convenience in the following description, the electric tool 50 operating at the nominal voltage of 18 volts will be referred to as a “low-voltage electric (power) tool 50”, and the electric tools 70, 100 operating at the nominal voltage of 36 volts will be referred to as “high-voltage electric (power) tools 70, 100”. As will be understood, however, the terms “low-voltage” and “high-voltage” are relative terms and are merely meant to indicate that two battery packs, which normally supply currents at different voltages, and two tools, which normally operate at different voltages, are contemplated by this aspect of the present teachings. It is not necessary that the high-voltage applications are twice the voltage of the low-voltage applications or, in fact, are any particular multiple thereof. For example, in certain applications of the present teachings, two low-voltage (e.g., 18-volt) battery packs 10 may be connected in series to a higher-voltage electric power tool that normally operates at a rated voltage that is not a multiple of the low-voltage battery packs 10, such as, e.g., 24 volts. In this case, voltage step-down circuitry is preferably provided either in the tool or in an adapter 200, 300 that connects the battery packs 10 to the tool.
As shown in
The main body 52 of the low-voltage electric tool 50 includes one battery interface (battery pack receptacle) 60. The battery interface 60 is configured to removably receive or attach the low-voltage battery pack 10, and the low-voltage battery pack 10 can be slidably received or attached therein. The battery interface 60 has a pair of rails 62, a positive electrode input terminal 64a, a negative electrode input terminal 64b, and a latch receiving hole 68. A battery controller input/output terminal is also preferably provided, but is not shown in
As shown in
The two types of high-voltage electric tools 70, 100 will be explained below. The first high-voltage electric tool 70 is designed to be normally operated using one high-voltage battery pack 30 as the sole power source, as will now be explained with reference to
Referring to
The high-voltage battery pack 30 includes a connector 40 that can be slidingly inserted into the battery interface 80, as shown in
The connectors 20, 40 of the low-voltage battery pack 10 and the high-voltage battery pack 30 may have basically the same or similar structures. However, the sizes of the connectors 20, 40 may differ, e.g., the spacing between the rails 22, 42 may differ. In this case, the low-voltage battery pack 10 cannot be attached to the battery interface 80 of the high-voltage electric tool 70, and the high-voltage battery pack 30 cannot be attached to the battery interface 60 of the low-voltage electric tool 50. In other words, due to the size differences in the connectors 20, 40, the battery interface 80 is a dedicated interface for the high-voltage battery pack 30, and the battery interface 60 is a dedicated interface for the low-voltage battery pack 10. Further, in another embodiment, the interfaces 60, 80 may be dedicated, in addition or in the alternative, based upon differences in the shapes of the connectors 20, 40.
Referring now to
In order to utilize current simultaneously supplied from two battery packs 10, the main body 102 of the high-voltage electric tool 100 includes two battery interfaces (two battery pack receptacles) 130. Each battery interface 130 is configured to removably and, e.g., slidably, receive or attach one low-voltage battery pack 10. Each battery interface 130 includes a pair of rails 132, a positive electrode input terminal 134a, a negative electrode input terminal 134b, a battery controller input/output terminal 136 and a latch receiving hole 138. The battery interface 130 is substantially identical to the battery interface 60 of the above-described low-voltage electric tool 50 in terms of the respective structures. The two battery interfaces 130 are arranged side by side in the rear portion of the main body 102, and the low-voltage battery packs 10 can be inserted in the same direction. The two low-voltage battery packs 10 attached to the two battery interfaces 130 are connected in series and supply current to the circuitry of the main body 102 at about 36 volts.
The main body 102 of the high-voltage electric tool 100 also includes two indicators 160 respectively positioned above the two battery interfaces 130. Each indicator 160 comprises, e.g., one or more light-emitting diodes, or another means for visually communicating battery condition information to the tool user, such as but not limited to one or more incandescent lamps and/or a display, such as an LCD. In a preferred embodiment, one of the indicators 160 may indicate a charge state or level of charge of the low-voltage battery pack 10 attached to one battery interface 130, and the other indicator 160 may indicate the same condition (i.e. level of charge) or another condition of the low-voltage battery pack 10 attached to the other battery interface 130. More preferably, both indicators 160 indicate the charge state or the level of charge of the corresponding low-voltage battery pack 10. For example, the light-emitting diode can be illuminated when the charge state drops to a level at which recharging of the battery pack 10 is necessary. It is further preferred that each indicator 160 indicates the charge state of its corresponding low-voltage battery pack 10 at least in two levels, e.g., a yellow “low-charge warning” and red “immediately stop tool use” indication. A third green “tool operation permitted” LED also may be optionally provided, so that the tool user can receive visual confirmation that the battery is in a suitable condition for use. It is also preferred that one or more indicators 160 communicate information concerning a possible battery temperature abnormality (e.g., overheating) of the corresponding low-voltage battery pack 10, instead of or in addition to the charge state of the corresponding low-voltage battery pack 10.
As shown in
In addition or in the alternative, one or more indicators 160 can be also provided on an outer surface of each low-voltage battery pack 10, e.g. a surface of the battery pack 10 that faces rearward when the battery pack 10 is attached to the tool 100. As was already explained above, it is preferred that the two battery interfaces 130 are arranged side by side and can slidably receive the low-voltage battery packs 10 in the same direction. In such an embodiment, when the two low-voltage battery packs 10 are attached to the main body 102, the two indicators 160 will be positioned side by side in the same plane and the indication or illumination direction thereof will also be the same or substantially the same. As a result, even if the indicators 160 are disposed on the respective battery packs 10, the user can simultaneously view the two indicators 160 from various different directions.
An exemplary electric circuit for the high-voltage electric tool 100, as well as for the two low-voltage battery packs 10 serving as the power source for the tool 100, will be explained below with reference to
The battery controller 18 preferably comprises an integrated circuit that includes a CPU and can execute various programs stored therein. The battery controller 18 is electrically connected to each cell 16 and can measure the voltage of each cell 16. The battery controller 18 may be programmed to perform an algorithm, wherein the controller 18 determines the charge state or level of charge of each cell 16 based on the measured voltage of each cell 16, compares the measured voltage to a predetermined, stored threshold value and then outputs an autostop signal (AS signal) to the autostop terminal 26 when at least one cell 16 is determined to require recharging based upon the comparison step. In this case, the autostop signal may be a signal, e.g., indicating that a high impedance has been detected. In this embodiment, and all other embodiments disclosed herein, the autostop signal may preferably be a digital logic signal that is selected from one of two different voltage levels, i.e. a “1” or “0” digital signal that has a distinctly different voltage level signal as compared to a “battery normal” signal. However, it is also contemplated that the battery controller 18 may be an analog circuit or a mixed analog/digital circuit (e.g., a state machine) and the battery controller 18 may output analog signals (e.g., signals having more than two voltage levels) as the autostop signal. Naturally, the battery controller 18 is not limited to outputting only “autostop” signals, but may also be configured or programmed to output a wide variety of signals, e.g., representing one or more conditions of the battery, such as battery temperature, battery voltage, battery impedance, etc.
The main body 102 is provided with a motor 176 that drives the tool (in this exemplary embodiment, a blower fan). The two low-voltage battery packs 10 are connected in series with the motor 176 via a main switch 178. The main body 102 is provided with a speed adjusting circuit 190, a power FET 194, a gate-voltage-controlling transistor 192, and a voltage division circuit 196. The power FET 194 is connected in series with the motor 176 and can shut off the electric current flowing to the motor 176. The speed adjusting circuit 190 performs pulse width modulation control for controlling the current flow through the power FET 194 and thus can adjust the rotational speed of the motor 176 in a manner well known in the power tool field. The gate-voltage-controlling transistor 192 is connected to the gate of the power FET 194 and, together with the voltage division circuit 196, can control the gate voltage of the power FET 194.
The main body 102 is also provided with a main controller (electronic processor) 152, a power supply circuit 142 for the main controller 152, a shunt resistor 150 connected in series with the motor 176, a current detection circuit 148 that detects the electric current flowing to the motor 176 based on the voltage of the shunt resistor 150, and an autostop signal (AS signal) input/output circuit 144 that inputs/outputs autostop signals (communication signals) to/from the gate-voltage-controlling transistor 192.
The main controller 152 is preferably an integrated circuit including a CPU and can execute various programs stored therein. For example, the main controller 152 may be programmed to perform the following algorithm. After receiving a voltage signal outputted by a current detection circuit 148 as an input signal, the main controller 152 compares the voltage signal to a pre-set, stored threshold/permissible value and then outputs an autostop signal to the gate-voltage-controlling transistor 192 via the autostop signal input/output circuit 144 when the electric current of the motor 176 exceeds the pre-set permissible value. In this case, the gate-voltage-controlling transistor 192 decreases the voltage coupled to the gate of the power FET 194 to the ground voltage, thereby shutting off the power FET 194. As a result, the motor 176 and the low-voltage battery pack 10 are electrically disconnected and an overload of the motor 176 and the low-voltage battery pack 10 may be prevented. A fuse 162 for preventing an excessive current from flowing between the motor 176 and the low-voltage battery pack 10 may also optionally be provided in the circuit path between the motor 176 and the low-voltage battery pack 10.
The main controller 152 is electrically connected to the battery controller input/output terminal (hereinafter “autostop terminal”) 136 of the battery interface 130 and can receive a signal voltage (for example, an autostop signal) from the battery controller 18 as an input signal and can output a signal voltage (for example, a discharge protection cancellation signal) to the battery controller 18. In this case, because two low-voltage battery packs 10 are connected in series, the reference voltages (ground voltages) of the two low-voltage battery packs 10 differ from each other. More specifically, whereas the reference voltage of the low-voltage battery pack 10 positioned at the low-voltage side (lower side in
To overcome this problem, the high-voltage electric tool 100 of the present embodiment also includes two voltage level-shifters (e.g., DC-to-DC converters) 154b, 156b provided in a signal communication path between the battery controller 18 of the low-voltage battery pack 10 positioned at the high-voltage side and the main controller 152 of the main body 102. One level-shifter 154b is provided on (in) a conductive (signal communication) path 154 that conducts (communicates) a signal voltage (communication signal) from the main controller 152 to the battery controller 18 and raises (alters), preferably proportionally raises, the level of the signal voltage outputted by the main controller 152 to an acceptable or readable level for (useable by) the battery controller 18. The other level-shifter 156b is provided (in) a conductive (signal communication) path 156 for conducting (communicating) a signal voltage (communication signal) from the battery controller 18 to the main controller 152 and lowers (alters), preferably proportionally lowers, the level of the signal voltage outputted by the battery controller 18 to an acceptable or readable level for the main controller 152. As a result, signals can be communicated (i.e. input and output) between the battery controller 18 and the main controller 152 without any problem caused by the different ranges of voltages at which the two controllers 18, 152 operate.
Further, cut-off switches 154a, 156a are also provided between each battery controller 18 and the main controller 152. One cut-off switch 154a is provided on the conductive path 154 for conducting the signal voltage from the main controller 152 to the battery controller 18, and the other cut-off switch 156a is provided on the conductive path 156 for conducting a signal voltage from the battery controller 18 to the main controller 152. The cut-off switches 154a, 156a are controlled by the main controller 152. When the main controller 152 determines that the high-voltage electric tool 100 has not been used for a predetermined time, the main controller 152 switches off the cut-off switches 154a, 156a, thereby electrically disconnecting the battery controllers 18 from the main controller 152. As a result, leakage current is prevented from flowing for too long of a time between the battery controllers 18 and the main controller 152, thereby preventing the low-voltage battery pack 10 from being excessively discharged. The cut-off switches 154a and 156b are electrically connected between the main controller 152 and respective battery controllers 18 via the respective wires 154, 156, through which a leakage current may flow.
It should be understood that the arrangement of the cut-off switch(es) of the present teachings is not limited to the arrangement shown in the present embodiment. For example, if there are a plurality of wires, through which a leakage current may possibly flow between the main controller 152 and one battery controller 18, the cut-off switch(s) may be provided in one or some, but not all, of the conductive paths. In another alternative embodiment, in which a plurality of battery packs is connected to the main controller, the cut-off switch(s) may be provided between the main controller 152 and only one or some of the battery packs (e.g., only the first battery pack #1 or the second battery pack #2).
As described hereinabove, when the charge state of the cells 16 is detected as having decreased below a pre-determined threshold, the battery controller 18 outputs an autostop signal to the autostop terminal 26, which is electrically connected to the autostop terminal 136. The autostop signal outputted from the battery controller 18 is input into the main controller 152 via the conductive path 156. The main controller 152 receives the autostop signal from the battery controller 18 and outputs an autostop signal to the gate-voltage-controlling transistor 192. In this case, the autostop signal outputted by the main controller 152 is conducted to the gate of the gate-voltage-controlling transistor 192 via an autostop signal input/output circuit 144. As a result, the gate-voltage-controlling transistor 192 is turned on (i.e. becomes conductive), the power FET 194 is shut off, and current supply to the motor 176 is stopped. The low-voltage battery pack 10 is thus prevented from being over or excessively discharged.
In addition, when the main controller 152 receives the autostop signal from the battery controller 18, the indicator (LED of indication circuit) 160 is preferably illuminated. In this case, the main controller 152 selectively illuminates only the indicator 160 corresponding to the low-voltage battery pack 10 that has outputted the autostop signal. As a result, the user can immediately determine which low-voltage battery pack 10 requires charging.
As described hereinabove, the high-voltage electric tool 100 has two battery interfaces 130 configured to removably receive respective low-voltage battery packs 10 and can simultaneously use two low-voltage battery packs 10 as the power source. The two low-voltage battery packs 10 are connected in series to the motor 176 and supply a voltage of 36 volts to the motor 176. Thus, the high-voltage electric tool 100 with a rated voltage of 36 volts is driven by two low-voltage battery packs 10, each having a nominal voltage of 18 volts. The user can power the high-voltage electric tool 100 by using already available low-voltage battery packs 10, without having to purchase the high-voltage battery pack 30 and a charger therefor. Each low-voltage battery pack 10 also can be used individually as a sole power source for the low-voltage electric tool 50. Therefore, the user can effectively use the already available low-voltage battery packs 10 and the battery charger therefor.
The anode of the diode 158a is connected to the negative electrode input terminal 134b, and the cathode of the diode 158a is connected to the positive electrode input terminal 134a. Therefore, electric current normally does not flow in the diode 158a, and the positive electrode output terminal 24a and the negative electrode output terminal 24b of the low-voltage battery pack 10 are electrically disconnected. However, when the low-voltage battery pack 10 becomes over-discharged and a reverse voltage is generated across the output terminals 24a, 24b of the low-voltage battery pack 10, electric current is caused to flow in the diode 158a. Thus, the output terminals 24a, 24b of the battery pack 10 become electrically connected via the bypass circuit 158. As a result, even if only one low-voltage battery pack 10 becomes over-discharged, any damage caused to that low-voltage battery pack 10 can be minimized or even prevented. A fuse 158b also may be optionally provided in the bypass circuit 158. In this case, if a large current flows in the bypass circuit 158, the bypass circuit 158 will be physically disconnected by the fuse 158b, which has melted or otherwise broken the connection due to the excessive current. As a result, any damage caused to the low-voltage battery pack 10 can be minimized or prevented, for example, even when Zener breakdown occurs in the diode 158a. The fuse 158b is preferably accessible by the user so that it can be replaced, in case it is broken.
Two types of adapters 200, 300 are also disclosed in the present teachings, namely a corded adapter 200 and an integrated adapter 300. The corded adapter 200 will be explained first with reference to
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The two indicators 260 are preferably arranged side by side on one surface of the pack side unit 206 and have the same or substantially the same indication direction (that is, the same or substantially the same illumination direction of light-emitting diodes). Therefore, the user can see the two indicators 260 simultaneously and can simultaneously recognize the charge states of the two low-voltage battery packs 10. Further, the indicators 260 are preferably disposed above the corresponding battery interfaces 230. Therefore, for example, if the high-voltage electric tool 70 abruptly stops, the user can immediately determine which low-voltage battery pack 10 has experienced a problem or abnormality. The two indicators 260 can be also disposed, for example, on the main body side unit 202, rather than on the pack side unit 206. The two indicators 260 can be also arranged in other locations that can be simultaneously viewed by the user. It is preferred that the two indicators 260 are disposed in the same plane, so that the user can simultaneously see the two indicators 260 from various directions.
Similar to the indicator 160, the indicator 260 can be also provided in each low-voltage battery pack 10. As has already been explained above, the two battery interfaces 230 are arranged side by side and can receive the low-voltage battery packs 10 in the same direction. Therefore, when the two low-voltage battery packs 10 are attached to the pack side unit 206, the two indicators 260 are positioned side by side in the same plane and the direction of illumination is also the same. The user can thus simultaneously view the two indicators 260 from various directions.
An exemplary electric circuit of the adapter 200 will be explained below with reference to
First, the circuit of the main body 72 of the high-voltage electric tool 70 shown in FIG. 12 will be explained. The main body 72 of the high-voltage electric tool 70 is provided with a motor 76, a main switch 78, a speed adjusting circuit 90, a power FET 94, a gate-voltage-controlling transistor 92, and a voltage division circuit 96. The configurations of these components may be identical to those of the motor 176, main switch 178, speed adjusting circuit 190, power FET 194, gate-voltage-controlling transistor 192, and voltage division circuit 196 of the main body 102 of the high-voltage electric tool 100 described above with reference to
The adapter 200 is provided with a main controller 252, a power source circuit 242, a shunt resistor 250, a current detection circuit 248, an autostop signal input/output circuit 244, and a fuse 262. The main controller 252 is electrically connected to two indicators 260. The configurations of these components may be identical to those of the main controller 152, power source circuit 142, shunt resistor 150, current detection circuit 148, autostop signal input/output circuit 144, indicator 160, and fuse 162 in the main body 102 of the high-voltage electric tool 100 and therefore an explanation thereof also is not necessary here.
The adapter 200 is further provided with a power FET 246 between a negative electrode input terminal 234b connected to the low-voltage battery pack 10 and a negative electrode output terminal 224b connected to the high-voltage electric tool 70. Thus, two low-voltage battery packs 10 are electrically connected to the motor 76, and a discharge current produced by the two series-connected low-voltage battery packs 10 flows through this circuit. The main controller 252 is connected to the gate of the power FET 246 and can control the power FET 246. For example, the main controller 252 may shut off the power FET 246 when the output voltage of the current detection circuit 248 exceeds a predetermined value.
The functions of the power FET 246 will be explained below. When the adapter 200 is detached from the high-voltage electric tool 70, the connector 220 of the adapter 200 is exposed. When the two low-voltage battery packs 10 are attached to the adapter 200 in this state, a voltage of about 36 volts is generated across the positive electrode output terminal 224a and the negative electrode output terminal 224b in the connector 220. The positive electrode output terminal 224a and the negative electrode output terminal 224b are disposed in a slot of the adapter 200 as shown in
The main controller (electronic processor) 252 is electrically connected to an autostop terminal (input/output terminal) 236 of each battery interface 230 and can receive an input signal voltage (for example, an autostop signal) from the battery controller 18 and can output a signal voltage (for example, a discharge protection cancellation signal) to the battery controller 18. Cut-off switches 254a, 256a are provided, respectively, in a conductive (signal communication) path 254 that conducts (communicates) the signal voltage (communication signal) from the main controller 252 to the battery controller 18 and in a conductive (signal communication) path 256 that conducts (communicates) a signal voltage (communication signal) from the battery controller 18 to the main controller 252. Further, level-shifters 254b, 256b are also provided in the conductive signal communication) paths 254, 256, respectively, in order to adjust (alter) the voltage of signals output from the battery controller 18 of the low-voltage battery pack 10 that is positioned on the high-voltage side, as was discussed above with respect to the exemplary level shifters 154b, 156b of
As described hereinabove, by using the adapter 200, the high-voltage electric tool 70 (which is designed to normally attach only one battery pack at the battery interface 80) can be operated with two low-voltage battery packs 10. By connecting the two low-voltage battery packs 10 in series to the motor 76, it is possible to supply a voltage of about 36 volts to the motor 76. As a result, the high-voltage electric tool 70 with a rated voltage of 36 volts can be driven by two low-voltage battery packs 10, each having a nominal voltage of 18 volts. Thus, the high-voltage electric tool 70 can be operated using already available low-voltage battery packs 10, without the need to purchase a high-voltage battery pack 30 that supplies a nominal voltage of 36 volts or the charger therefor. Each low-voltage battery pack 10 can also be individually used as the sole power source for the low-voltage electric tool 50, which operates with an 18 volt battery pack.
Another (integrated) adapter 300 will be explained below with reference to
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As described hereinabove, by using the adapter 300, the high-voltage electric tool 70 can be operated using two low-voltage battery packs 10. By connecting the two low-voltage battery packs 10 in series to the motor 76, it is possible to supply a voltage of about 36 volts to the motor 76. As a result, the high-voltage electric tool 70 with a rated voltage of 36 volts can be driven by two low-voltage battery packs 10, each having a nominal voltage of 18 volts. Thus, the high-voltage electric tool 70 can be powered using already available low-voltage battery packs 10, without the need to purchase a high-voltage battery pack 30 having a nominal voltage of 36 volts or a charger therefor. Each low-voltage battery pack 10 can be also individually used as the sole power source for the low-voltage electric tool 50.
In the present description, the representative example of the low-voltage electric tool 50 is an electric drill, and the representative example of the high-voltage electric tools 70, 100 is an electric blower (leaf blower). However, the present teachings are not particularly limited to these types of electric tools and can be widely applied to a variety of types of electric tools, as was described above in the Summary section.
Specific embodiments of the present teachings are described above, but these embodiments merely illustrate some representative possibilities for utilizing the present teachings and do not restrict the claims thereof. The subject matter set forth in the claims includes variations and modifications of the specific examples set forth above.
The technical elements disclosed in the specification or the drawings may be utilized separately or in other combinations that are not expressly disclosed herein, but will be readily apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, the subject matter disclosed herein may be utilized to simultaneously achieve a plurality of objects or to only achieve one object, which object(s) may not be explicitly recited in the present disclosure.
Although the present teachings have been described with respect to a preferred usage of lithium-ion cells, the present teachings are, of course, applicable to any type of battery chemistry or technology, including but not limited to nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal-hydride, nickel-zinc, lithium iron phosphate, etc.
Further, although the representative electric power tool 100 and the adapters 200, 300 were illustrated as providing a serial connection of two battery packs 10, the battery interface 80 of the tool 100 or the adapters 200, 300 may, of course, be modified to connect three or more battery packs 10 in series and/or in parallel. Moreover, the first battery packs 10 are not all required to have the same nominal voltage and in certain applications of the present teachings, one first battery pack 10 could have a first nominal voltage, e.g., of 12 volts, and one first battery pack 10 could have a second nominal voltage, e.g., of 18 volts, i.e. the first and second nominal voltages of the two battery packs 10 are different. In this case, it is preferable that the first battery interfaces 130, 230 are configured differently, so as to be able to ensure that only the appropriate battery pack is attachable thereto. In addition or in the alternative, the main controller 152 of the tool 70, 100 or the main controller 252 of the adapter 200, 300, and its supporting circuitry, may be configured to recognize battery packs having different nominal voltages and process signals outputted from the respective CPUs of the battery packs appropriately.
The adapters 200, 300 may be modified to only provide a voltage level-shifting function and the tool motor controlling function may be performed by an integrated circuit, e.g., a microprocessor, located in the main body 72, 100 of the tool 70, 100. For example, the adapters 200, 300 are not required to include the main controller 252 and instead may include, e.g., only the level-shifters 254b, 256b and/or the cut-off switches 254a, 256a. Naturally, the adapters 200, 300 may also include the diode(s) 258a, the fuse(s) 258b and the indicators 260. In such embodiments, the functions of the main controller 252 are performed by circuitry located in the main body 72, 100 of the tool 70, 100. In this case, the level-shifters 254b, 256b preferably supply appropriate voltage-adjusted signals from the battery pack controllers 18 to the processor located in the main body 72, 102.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-029505 | Feb 2010 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 16/724,850 filed on Dec. 23, 2019, now pending, which is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 15/403,344 filed on Jan. 11, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,559,789, which is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 14/808,090, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,583,746, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 13/770,332 filed on Feb. 19, 2013, now abandoned, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 12/888,100 filed on Sep. 22, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,984,711, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-029505 filed on Feb. 12, 2010, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into the present application.
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| 20230238806 A1 | Jul 2023 | US |
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