Patent Application
20110034072
The connection of integrated circuits on circuit boards to cables or electronic devices is known in the art. Signals propagate through conductors of the connector as they pass to/from the circuit board. Electrical interconnections are not difficult to form when signal line densities are relatively low. In addition, signal integrity is much less of a concern when designing connectors for slow signal speed and/or slow data rate applications. However, equipment manufacturers and consumers continually desire ever higher signal line densities and faster data rates.
The available high speed interconnect solutions are typically complex, utilizing precisely fabricated component designs that are sensitive to even small manufacturing variations, and thus expensive and difficult to manufacture.
It is desirable to provide electrical connectors and connections between circuit boards, cables, or electronic devices having improved cost/performance ratio, high circuit switching speeds, increased signal line densities with controlled electrical characteristics, and improved/controlled signal integrity in a manner suited to meet the evolving demands of end users.
One aspect provides a male coaxial connector including at least one termination device having a tubular shield surrounding and isolated from a pin that is configured to electrically connect with a socket of a female termination device, and a plate extending from one of a leading end of the tubular shield and a leading end of the female termination device. Upon electrical interconnection, the plate forms a ground circuit extending between the at least one termination device and a ground of the female termination device.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments and together with the description serve to explain principles of embodiments. Other embodiments and many of the intended advantages of embodiments will be readily appreciated as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. Like reference numerals designate corresponding similar parts.
5A.
In the following Detailed Description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In this regard, directional terminology, such as “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “back,” “leading,” “trailing,” etc., is used with reference to the orientation of the Figure(s) being described. Because components of embodiments can be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
It is to be understood that the features of the various exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined with each other, unless specifically noted otherwise.
Embodiments provide a high speed electrical connector having high signal line density and shielded controlled impedance for all signal lines. Other embodiments provide a male adaptor configured to convert a female connector to a male connector having a male pin and a plate, where the male connector is configured to form a ground path with a female connector and provide high signal line density and shielded controlled impedance. Other embodiments provide a carrier assembly including multiple such male connectors having reduced propagation delay, improved impedance tolerance, higher band width, and lower insertion losses.
Cable 22 includes single wire cables (e.g., single coaxial or single twinaxial), multiple wire cables (e.g., multiple coaxial, multiple twinaxial, or twisted pair), or other suitable electrical cables. Cable 22 includes a ground shield 30 surrounding a central conductor 32. Ground shield 30 is sized to be received by a shield 50 of termination device 24 as described below, and in one embodiment ground shield 30 is stiffened in a solder dip process to form a prepared end portion of cable 22. Conductor 32 is configured to couple with a conducting pin of termination device 24, for example via crimping or soldering, to form an electrical communication path through portions of termination device 24.
In one embodiment, termination device 24 includes an insulator 40 defining a receptacle 42, shield 50 disposed about insulator 40, a pin 60 insertable into receptacle 42, a plate 70 in electrical contact with shield 50, and an optional housing 80 configured to surround a portion of shield 50 and plate 70. Shield 50 is isolated from pin 60 by insulator 40.
In one embodiment, insulator 40 includes a first member 90 defining a first end 92, a second member 94 defining a second end 96, and bars 98a, 98b, 98c extending between members 90, 94. Insulator 40 is generally axially aligned within shield 50 and receptacle 42 is provided to receive and maintain pin 60 inside of insulator 40 and shield 50. Receptacle 42 is formed in first member 90 and second member 94 and extends betweens first end 92 and second end 96 to provide an opening that is sized to receive and enable pin 60 to connect with conductor 32.
In one embodiment, insulator 40 is substantially solid (e.g., characterized by an absence of voids) and receptacle 42 is formed in the solid insulator 40. In another embodiment, insulator 40 is “skeletonized” where the first and second members 90, 94 provide structural support for insulator 40 and bars 98 extend between the structural supports of members 90. 94 to position members 90, 94 a desired distance away one from the other. Although three bars 98a, 98b, 98c are shown, insulator 40 is suitably skeletonized with as few as a single bar 98 or more than three bars 98. In one embodiment, at least bar 98b includes a pad 99 projecting from an exterior surface of bar 98b, where pad 99 is configured to engage with an opening formed in shield 50 to retain insulator 40 inside shield 50.
In one embodiment, insulator 40 defines a non-circular cross-sectional shape having planar exterior surfaces. Other suitable shapes for insulator 40 are also acceptable. Although the illustrated embodiment of insulator 40 defines a substantially square cross-sectional shape, it is to be understood that insulator 40 is suitably formed to define other cross-sectional shapes including rectangular, non-circular, circular, or other curvilinear shapes. Insulator 40 is fabricated of suitable electrically insulating materials, such as plastic, organic dielectrics or inorganic dielectrics.
In one embodiment, shield 50 is a tubular member extending between a leading end 100 opposite a trailing end 102 and includes sides 104a, 104b, 104c, 104d extending between ends 100, 102. Sides 104a-104d (“sides 104”) combine to define a cross-sectional shape that is suited to receive insulator 40. Although the illustrated embodiment of shield 50 provides four sides 104 defining a substantially square transverse cross-section, it is to be understood that shield 50 acceptably includes other rectangular, non-circular, or circular transverse cross-sections. Shield 50 is fabricated of suitable electrically conducting materials, such as aluminum, alloys of aluminum, copper, alloys of copper, bronze, or metal in general.
In one embodiment, at least side 104a is fabricated to include a latch 110 and an opening 112. Latch 110 extends from side 104a and is configured to retain termination device 24 within a retainer or an organizer plate (not shown) that is configured to receive, secure, or manage a plurality of like termination devices. It is desirable to fabricate latch 110 to yield (i.e. break or deform) at a lower force than is required to break or deform the attached cable 22 to enable termination assembly 20 to be removable from the retainer or organizer plate when repairing or replacing termination assembly 20. One or more suitably formed latches 110 are fabricated on one or more of sides 104 to facilitate the removable securing of termination device 24 within a retainer/organizer plate.
Opening 112 is formed in side 104a and is sized to receive pad 99 of insulator 40. For example, when insulator 40 is inserted into shield 50, bar 98b and pad 99 deflect inwardly until pad 99 engages with opening 112. Beneficially, if insulator 40 is improperly assembled into shield 50 (such that pad 99 is not aligned or engaged with opening 112) pad 99 will cause shield 50 to bulge. The bulging shield 50 indicates that termination device has been improperly assembled, and provides a visual indicator to a user that termination assembly 20 will not fit within a carrier or an organizer plate, which prevents the improper installation and use of termination assembly 20.
In one embodiment, at least side 104c is fabricated to include a ground beam 114 that projects away from shield 50. Ground beam 114 provides a protruding resilient ground contact extending from a surface of shield 50 and is configured to electrically couple with plate 70. Plate 70 coupled to ground beam 114 provides termination assembly 20 with a grounding pathway extending beyond leading end 100 of shield 50. It is within the scope of this disclosure to employ other contact elements, such as Hertzian bumps for example, in addition to or in place of ground beam 114. Although one ground beam 114 is illustrated, it is to be understood that two or more sides 104 of shield 50 is suitably fabricated to include one or more ground beams 114.
Pin 60 provides an elongated metal electrical path to conductor 32. Pin 60 is sized to couple with conductor 32 on one end and extend beyond shield 50 on an opposite end in a “male” configuration. In one embodiment, pin 60 is a male signal pin that is crimped or soldered to conductor 32 and projects a distance beyond leading end 100 of shield 50 in a manner that is suited for coupling into a female receptacle. Suitable materials for fabricating pin 60 include electrically conducting metals such as aluminum, alloys of aluminum, copper, alloys of copper, silver, or gold or other suitable electrically conducting metals.
Plate 70 generally includes a planar member 120 terminating in a finger 122. Acceptable shapes for plate 70 include a rectangular shape in which planar member 120 has a width that is about equal to a width of finger 122, or compound shapes in which a plurality of fingers 122 extend from a planar member 120 that is wider than any one of the fingers 122. With any of the configurations, when termination assembly 20 is assembled, planar member 120 is electrically coupled to ground beam 114 and finger 122 extends beyond the leading end 100 of shield 50 to provide a grounding pathway with a complementary coupled female receptacle. Suitable materials for fabricating plate 70 include electrically conducting metals such as aluminum, alloys of aluminum, copper, alloys of copper, silver, or gold.
Housing 80 provides a tubular section that is configured to enclose a portion of shield 50 and secure plate 70 against ground beam 114. In one embodiment, housing 80 is fabricated of an insulative material such as plastic and is press-fit, molded, or otherwise secured around a portion of shield 50 and plate 70. In other embodiments, housing 80 is integrally formed (e.g., molded) over an entirety of shield 50 and that portion of plate 70 in contact with shield 50.
Male termination device 24 is insertable into female termination device 144, and when so assembled, male pin 60 inserts into receptacle 152 and plate 70 contacts ground wiper 154 to commonly ground termination assembly 142 to termination assembly 20. Cables 22, 146 are in electrical communication and terminal device 24 is commonly grounded with terminal device 144. Pin 60 electrically communicates between cables 22, 146 to provide a direct electrical interface for improved reliability and lower line resistance. System 140 is not reliant on a mating interface or other alignment device between termination devices 24, 144, and as such, provides improved impedance tolerance and higher band width for carrier assemblies 20, 142. Pin 60 is surrounded by shield 50, which beneficially isolates signal pin 60 from adjacent electrical interference. When system 140 is assembled, pin 60 is entirely shielded from external electromagnetic interference (EMI).
In one embodiment, pin 206 electrically couples with contact 209 disposed within insulator 40. Pin 206 is an electrical conductor that is configured to project from shield 50 to provide a male electrical connection with complementary connected female connectors. Contact 209 is crimped or soldered to conductor 32 and is disposed within insulator 40. Pin 206 is insertable into receptacle 42 and couples with an opening 210 defined in contact 209 to complete an electrical connection with conductor 32.
An optional housing 208 Is provided that is configured to enclose shield 50. Housing 208 is configured to slide over shield 50 and plate 70, substantially enclosing shield 50. In one embodiment, housing 208 defines a window 212 that is sized to receive latch 110. When housing 208 engages with shield 50, latch 110 is engaged in window 212 and a tab 214 formed on shield 50 limits longitudinal motion of housing 208 in the direction of cable 22. In this manner, latch 110/window 212 and tab 214 combine to restrict the longitudinal motion of housing 208 relative to shield 50. Insulator 40, shield 50, and plate 70 are described above and are configured to cooperate with pin 206 and contact 209 to provide a male termination device 204.
Embodiments described above provide a male termination device including a plate that extends parallel to a male pin of the device to form a ground path between the male termination device and an interconnected female termination device or carrier assembly.
Embodiments described below provide a structure that organizes a plurality of male termination devices, each in contact with a common plate and configured to have a common ground path to an interconnected female termination device or carrier assembly. Embodiments of such a structure as described below provide a plurality of male termination devices accurately aligned within an organizer array, where the organizer includes column Organizer plates each having ground path fingers extending parallel alongside pins of the male termination devices.
Organizer 250 includes a column organizer plate 252 defining eye slots 256 and a row organizer plate 254 including locking hooks 258 that engage with eye slots 256 to securely assembly plates 252, 254 of organizer 250. Organizer 250 generally includes multiple column organizer plates 252 and multiple row organizer plates 254 co-interlocked at multiple junctions to form an array of openings sized to receive termination devices 24 (
260 defining eye slots 256, a leading end 261, a trailing end portion 263, and lingers 262 extending from leading end 261. In one embodiment, leading end 261 of column organizer 252 is substantially symmetric relative to opposing sides 264, 266 and includes six fingers 262a, 262b, 262c, 262d, 262e, 262f extending from leading end 261, although other numbers of fingers 262 are also acceptable. Fingers 262 extend from leading end
261 and are configured to provide a ground path extending between termination devices 24 that align with fingers 262 and a female carrier assembly into which the termination devices 24 and fingers 262 are insertable.
In one embodiment, planar member 260 defines a first hook 270 adjacent to side 264 and a second hook 274 adjacent to side 266. Hooks 270, 274 are formed to have depth stops 272. Hooks 270, 274 are configured to engage with a portion of a housing disposed over organizer 250 to minimize movement of organizer 250 relative to the housing and/or to prevent warping of the housing, which can undesirably displace the termination devices retained within the housing.
In one embodiment, trailing end portion 263 defines a plurality of tab segments 276 separated by slots 277, where at least one tab segment 276 includes a first locking tab 278 and a second locking tab 279. Slots 277 are sized to receive slotted portions of plates 254, as described below. Locking tabs 278, 279 are configured to engage with reciprocal slots provided by row organizer 254 to prevent plates 252, 254 from flexing one relative to the other, and minimize or prevent the flexing of Fingers 262 when organizer 250 is assembled.
Suitable materials for plates 252, 254 of organizer 250 include metals and other electrically conductive materials, such as aluminum, alloys of aluminum, copper, alloys of copper, metals plated over substantially rigid substrates, or other suitable electrically conductive structures.
In one embodiment, leading end portion 282 includes a plurality of tab segments 288 separated by slots 289, where tab segments 288 each include one of the locking hooks 258. Each of the slots 289 is sized to slide into one of the slots 277 formed in column organizer plate 252, and each locking hook 258 is configured to engage with a respective one of the eye slots 256 formed in planar member 260. When fully engaged, locking tabs 278, 279 of column organizer plate 252 engage with rear locking slots 292 and keyways 294 formed in row organizer plate 254, and the forward interlocking features of locking hooks 258 engaged with eye slots 256 to rigidly secure and precisely align the column and row organizer plates 252/254.
In one embodiment, housing 302 includes opposing support plates 304, 306 that stabilize column organizer plates 252 and row organizer plates 254. Column organizer plates 252 are generally inserted into a front 308 of housing 302. In an exemplary embodiment related to the complete assembly of carrier assembly 300, an individual cable 22 is terminated to a single termination device 24/204 that is coupled to row organizer plate 254 by engaging latch 110 (
Housing 302 retains organizer 250, and latches 110 (
The interlocking features 256/258 are provided to resist such movement and/or removal of row organizer plates 254 from column organizer plates 252. In addition, hooks 270, 274 engage with housing 302 to “tie” opposing walls of housing 302 together and minimize bowing of the walls of housing 302.
When assembled, male termination devices 24, 204 are disposed adjacent to planar members 260, 280 of column and row organizer plates 252, 254, pins 60/206 extend outward from termination devices 24/204, and fingers 262 extend beyond termination devices 24/204 to provide a ground pathway to an interconnected female carrier assembly.
In this embodiment, carrier assembly 300 provides an array of male termination devices 24/204 projecting from a front 308 of housing 302 such that housing 302 is characterized by an absence of a mating face between front 308 and termination devices 24. The septums 313 are thin and rigid and in an exemplary embodiment are formed of metal. Thin metal septums 313 are configured to provide support to housing 302 and engage with termination devices 24/204. In addition, thin metal septums 313 are not susceptible to “underfill” or other undesirable features associated with molded plastic dividers.
Known female carrier assemblies include a mating face defining apertures sized to receive pins that are Inserted into the mating face. Mating faces positioned between two connected carrier assemblies have the potential to cause impedance discontinuities that arise because the mating lace occupies a space between the pins. The mating face that is positioned between two connected carrier assemblies increases the space between the pins and between the assemblies, which results in less capacitive area on the grounding portions, thus resulting in increased impedance. In contrast, carrier assembly 300 is characterized by an absence of the mating face, is less expensive to fabricate, and has at least one less impedance discontinuity as compared to conventional carrier assemblies.
Carrier assembly 404 includes housing 406 having a face 408 that defines apertures 410 and slots 412. Housing 406 is fabricated from a suitable material, such as plastic or another dielectric. Male coaxial connector 402 includes a cable 420 terminated to a contact (not shown) retained within an insulator 422, where insulator 422 defines a receptacle having a pin 424 inserted therein, and a shield body 426 that integrally forms a ground finger 428. Shield body 426 is isolated from pin 424 by insulator 422, and pin 424 electrically couples with cable 420.
Cable 420, insulator 422 and pin 424 are similar to cable 22, insulator 40, and pins 60/206 as described above. In this regard, pin 424 includes suitable signal pins terminated to a contact within male coaxial connector 402, or a pin that is soldered to a central conductor of cable 420.
Upon assembly, male coaxial connector 402 is inserted into a back wall 440 of housing 406 such that pin 424 projects through aperture 410 and ground finger 428 projects through slot 412. In this manner, carrier assembly 404 is converted to male carrier assembly 400 having pin 424 and ground finger 428 projecting from face 408.
Shroud 450 is generally fabricated of an electrically insulating material such as plastic. In one embodiment, shroud 450 is configured to be removably attachable to housing 406. In another embodiment, housing 406 and shroud 450 are integrally formed, for example by molding, into a one-piece unit.
A leading end of housing 464 includes channels 466 configured to mate with fences 452 formed on shroud 450. Fences 452 align channels 466 to ensure that the sockets formed in female carrier assembly 460 align with and receive male pins 424, and that the slots in female carrier assembly 460 align with and receive ground fingers 428 when male carrier assembly 400 is interconnected with female carrier assembly 460. In one embodiment, shroud 450 is integrally formed with housing 406 to provide a rigid guide that minimizes rocking and wobbling between male carrier assembly 400 as it is inserted into female carrier assembly 460.
When male carrier assembly system 400 is interconnected with female carrier assembly 460, a ground circuit extends from each shield body 426 of the male connectors 402 through the ground finger 428 and to a separate ground beam of the connected female termination device.
With additional reference to
Pin 424 and ground finger 428 project from shield body 426 to define a male connector. In one embodiment, shield body 426 is fabricated as a single-piece unit that includes ground finger 428. In one embodiment, an optional resilient ground beam 474 is provided that projects from shield body 426. When optional ground beam 474 is provided, it configures male coaxial connector 402 to be inserted into an organizer to provide a carrier assembly in a manner that optional ground beam 474 electrically contacts one of the column organizer plate 252 or the row organizer plate 254 of such an organizer 250 (
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of embodiments of male electrical connectors and their associated carrier assemblies employed to convert female connectors or carrier assemblies into male connectors or carrier assemblies as discussed herein. Therefore, it is intended that this invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.
