Patent Grant
9633804
Technical Field
This invention relates generally to electrical connectors, and more particularly to electrical connectors for electronic devices.
Background Art
Electrical connectors are used to couple electronic devices together. For example, many electrical devices use plug and socket type connectors to deliver power or data between the devices.
A problem with prior art connectors is that they may not provide an adequate electrical connection in all environments. It would be advantageous to have a more robust electrical connector.
Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.
Before describing in detail embodiments that are in accordance with the present invention, it should be observed that the embodiments reside primarily in combinations of method steps and apparatus components related to use of one or more electrical connectors configured in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention. Any process descriptions or blocks in flow charts should be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code that include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. Alternate implementations are included, and it will be clear that functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved. Accordingly, the apparatus components and method steps have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.
It will be appreciated that embodiments of the invention described herein may be comprised of one or more conventional processors and unique stored program instructions that control the one or more processors to implement, in conjunction with certain non-processor circuits, some, most, or all of the functions of using the electrical connectors described below. The non-processor circuits may include, but are not limited to, a control circuit, signal drivers, clock circuits, power source circuits, and mechanically compliant devices. As such, these functions may be interpreted as steps of a method to perform using the connectors described below.
Embodiments of the invention are now described in detail. Referring to the drawings, like numbers indicate like parts throughout the views. As used in the description herein and throughout the claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise: the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on.” Relational terms such as first and second, top and bottom, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, reference designators shown herein in parenthesis indicate components shown in a figure other than the one in discussion. For example, talking about a device (10) while discussing figure A would refer to an element, 10, shown in figure other than figure A.
One problem with prior art electrical connectors is that it is difficult to create a reliable electrical connection between two waterproof devices. For example, a diver who wears a waterproof watch that tracks data from a dive would have difficulty connecting the watch to a data storage device while in the water due to the absence of electrical connectors capable of providing a reliable electrical connection between the devices without compromising the waterproof nature of those devices. Generally speaking, adding an external connector to either device, which requires electrical contacts passing through holes, causes the device to no longer be sufficiently waterproof.
Embodiments of the present invention solve this problem by providing electrical connector configurations suitable for reliably electrically connecting two waterproof devices without compromising the waterproof nature of either device, as well as preserving the waterproof nature of the combined device assembly. In one embodiment, this is done by providing an electrical connector that includes a domed metal switch that is partially covered with a liquid impermeable barrier such that at least a portion of the domed metal switch is exposed. The liquid impermeable barrier, which can be a thin layer of film or other material, is coupled to the domed metal switch with a liquid impermeable junction, such as a weld or adhesive seal.
When two complementary connectors are pressed together, the domed metal switch is configured to deform, thereby connecting electrical circuits disposed beneath the liquid impermeable barrier. In effect, an electrical connection is made on the interior or “waterproof” side of the domed metal switch and the liquid impermeable barrier. Accordingly, the circuitry to which the electrical connection is operable remains watertight. Where the complementary connector causing the domed metal switch to deform is electrically conductive, power, data, and other electrical signals can be delivered through the electrically conductive dome switch actuator and the domed metal switch to the electrical connection. Accordingly, a waterproof charger can be coupled to a waterproof wearable device to charge a battery disposed within the wearable device. When the complementary connectors are pressed together, the charger, wearable device, and combined system all remain water impermeable.
Turning now to
The illustrative connector 100 of
In one embodiment, the domed metal switch 102, flange 106, and actuation protrusion 107 are formed from a unitary piece of electrically conductive material. For example, in one embodiment these three components can be manufactured from a single piece of spring steel. Other electrically conductive materials will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. For discussion purposes, the domed metal switch 102, flange 106, and actuation protrusion 107 will be collectively referred to as the switch element 110.
When the switch element 110 is connected to the substrate 103, the flange 106, actuation protrusion 107, and at least some of a perimeter 111 of the domed metal switch 102 will be electrically coupled to the second electrical conductor 105. The first electrical conductor 104 will be electrically isolated from all parts of the switch element 110. As will be shown later, this electrical isolation will be broken when the domed metal switch 102 is actuated by deformation. However, initially, when in the unactuated state, an air gap will provide electrical isolation between the domed metal switch 102 and the first electrical conductor 104.
The substrate 103 can be manufactured from a variety of materials. In one embodiment, the substrate 103 will comprise a printed circuit board, such as an FR4 material. This permits the first electrical conductor 104 and the second electrical conductor 105 to be formed by depositing exposed electrical traces along the printed circuit board. Using a printed circuit board as the substrate 103 is not a requirement, however, as other devices or materials can be used as the substrate in other applications. For example, in another embodiment, the substrate 103 may be the exterior housing of an electronic device. In still other embodiments, the substrate 103 may be flexible, such as a flexible circuit substrate. Such an embodiment may be suitable when the connector 100 is being integrated into a flexible dongle extending from an electrical device. Other substrate materials will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
The liquid impermeable barrier 101 can likewise be formed from a variety of materials. The illustrative liquid impermeable barrier 101 of
The liquid impermeable barrier 101 defines at least one aperture 108 such that when the liquid impermeable barrier 101 is placed atop the switch element 110, the domed metal switch 102 is only partially covered by the liquid impermeable barrier 101 such that at least a portion of the domed metal switch 102 is exposed through the liquid impermeable barrier 101. In this illustrative embodiment, the liquid impermeable barrier 101 defines a pair of apertures 108,109, with one aperture 108 corresponding to the domed metal switch 102 and another aperture 109 corresponding to the actuation protrusion 107. Accordingly, when the liquid impermeable barrier 101 is placed atop the switch element 110, both the domed metal switch 102 and the actuation protrusion 107 will be only partially covered such that at least a portion of each device will be exposed through the liquid impermeable barrier 101.
In one embodiment, the liquid impermeable barrier 101 is coupled to the domed metal switch 102 with a liquid impermeable junction. The liquid impermeable junction can be formed by applying a liquid impermeable adhesive between the liquid impermeable barrier 101 and the domed metal switch in one embodiment. Other methods can also be used. For example, where the domed metal switch 102 is integrated with a plastic layer by insert molding, the liquid impermeable barrier 101 may be thermally or sonically welded to the plastic portion of the switch element. Where the liquid impermeable barrier 101 is deposited atop the switch element, the liquid impermeable junction may be formed when the liquid impermeable barrier 101 solidifies against the switch element 110. Other methods of forming the liquid impermeable junction will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
Turning now to
Turning now to
In one embodiment, the domed metal switch 102 is configured to deform in response to an applied force 302. When sufficient force is applied, the domed metal switch 102 will deform by an amount sufficient to touch the first electrical conductor 104, thereby creating an electrically conductive path between the second electrical conductor 105 and the first electrical conductor 104 through the domed metal switch 102. Accordingly, the connector can be used as a user input device in one or more embodiments. By applying a control signal to the second electrical conductor 105, this control signal will be delivered to the first electrical conductor 104 when a user presses the domed metal switch 102 with enough applied force 302 to cause the domed metal switch 102 to touch the first electrical conductor 104.
In other embodiments, since a portion 202 of the domed metal switch 102 is exposed, the connector 100 can also be used as an electronic device interface. When an electrically conductive element provides the applied force 302, electrical voltage and/or current signals can be delivered through the domed metal switch 102 to the first electrical conductor 104, the second electrical conductor 105 or combinations thereof. Accordingly, one significant advantage of embodiments of the present invention is that they serve a dual function: user input device and electronic device input. By determining whether a voltage or current is applied to the domed metal switch 102 when deformed, a control circuit operable with the switch element 110 can differentiate between a person providing the applied force 302 and another electronic device providing the applied force 302. The control circuit can then be configured to execute different operations based upon this differentiation capability.
Turning now to
The connector portions 401,402 are “complementary” because each is rotated 180 degrees out of phase with the other. Accordingly, the domed metal switch of the first connector portion 401 aligns with the actuation protrusion of the second connector portion 402. In this configuration, the actuation protrusions of each connector portion function as a dome switch actuator with the vertex thereof serving as an actuation element configured to deform the corresponding domed metal switch when the connector portions 401,402 are aligned such that an actuation element is placed against an exposed portion of a domed metal switch and the connector portions 401,402 are pressed together. For example, as shown in
The actuation element to this point has been illustrated as an actuation protrusion having an apex. However, it should be understood that embodiments of the invention are not so limited. To be sure, the actuation element can take various forms. Turning now to
In
In this illustrative embodiment, the domed metal switches of each connector portion are electrically coupled by a flange. Accordingly, domed metal switches 503,504 are electrically coupled by a flange, as are domed metal switches 505,506. However, in some embodiments, the domed metal switches can be electrically isolated from each other. Each domed metal switch has an electrical conductor disposed under its dome. Illustrating by example, domed metal switch 504 has an electrical conductor disposed beneath the portion of the domed metal switch that is exposed through its corresponding liquid impermeable layer 508.
In this illustrative embodiment, the operation of the connector system 600 is largely the same as that described above with reference to
Domed metal switches are but one example of an actuation element that can be substituted for the actuation protrusion (107) described above. Turning now to
A complementary connector portion 702 comprises a pair of dome switch actuators 706,707. The dome switch actuators 706,707 are also partially covered with another liquid impermeable layer 708, with a liquid impermeable junction disposed at the base of each dome switch actuator 706,707. Note, however, that if the complementary connector portion 702 is not a waterproof device, the second liquid impermeable layer 708 can be omitted.
In the illustrative embodiment of
The inventors of embodiments set forth in this disclosure appreciate that the connectors described herein are suitable for connecting to complementary conductors to form a connector system in a variety of ways. For instance, connector systems described above have been formed when an applied force (302) presses two complementary connectors together. However, there are other methods of interfacing to which embodiments of the present invention are also well suited. One such method is sliding. Connectors configured in accordance with embodiments of the invention can be slid laterally across each other to form a reliable electrical connection. Additionally, connectors configured in accordance with embodiments of the invention can be twisted together.
When sliding or twisting connectors together, additional features can be incorporated into the connectors to make the coupling process more efficient. Two features worthy of note are the inclusion of actuator protrusions and recesses on the domed switch actuators and configuring compliance into the dome switch actuators. Turning now to
Beginning with
An actuation protrusion 807 is configured as the dome switch actuator in this illustrative embodiment. The actuation protrusion 807 is electrically and physically coupled to the domed metal switch 802 by a flange 806. A vertex 827 of the actuation protrusion is exposed through the liquid impermeable layer 801.
Since the connector 800 can be coupled to a complementary connector by sliding in one embodiment, the domed metal switch 802 includes a recess 882 into which the actuation protrusion 807 can seat when the connector 800 is properly aligned with the complementary connector. In effect, the recess 882 serves as a mechanical catch indicating that the dome switch actuator formed by the complementary actuation protrusion is properly aligned with the domed metal switch 802. The recess 882 can further work to reduce the distance by which the domed metal switch 802 must deform to touch the electrical conductor 804 disposed beneath the dome.
To facilitate easier sliding, in this illustrative embodiment the actuation protrusion 807 is also configured with compliance. The compliance can be formed by contouring the actuation protrusion 807 so that it can slightly deflect relative to the substrate 803 when sliding against a complementary connector. For example, in one embodiment the sides of the actuation protrusion 807 can be curved such that portions of the actuation protrusion 807 may deform in the same way the domed metal switch 802 deforms. Incorporating compliance into the actuation protrusion —or other dome actuation element—simply makes a sliding or twisting engagement operation simpler.
Turning now to
As alluded to above, connectors configured in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention are well suited both for use as user input devices and for connecting electrical devices together. To illustrate this dual functionality by example,
Turning first to
The wearable electronic device 1000 includes a detachable electronic module 1001 and an active strap 1002. Each of these devices includes electrical components, and connectors configured in accordance with embodiments of the present invention can be used to facilitate an electrical connection between the two. For example, in a simple embodiment, the active strap 1002 may include a power source, such as a flexible battery, while the detachable electronic module 1001 serves as the nerve center of the wearable electronic device 1000 by including the circuits, controllers, executable code, and user interfaces. In such an embodiment, connectors configured as described above can be used to deliver power from the active strap 1002 to the detachable electronic module 1001. In other embodiments, both the active strap 1002 and the detachable electronic module 1001 can include circuit components and power sources such that each can be used as a stand-alone device. In this embodiment, connectors configured as described above can be used to for data communication between the respective devices so that the active strap 1002 and detachable electronic module 1001 can work together as an integrated device.
As shown in
In one or more embodiments, the detachable electronic module 1001 can be detached from the active strap 1002 so that it can be coupled with, or can communicate or interface with, other devices. Connectors configured in accordance with embodiments of the present invention can be used for this purpose. For example, where the detachable electronic module 1001 includes wide area network communication capabilities, such as cellular communication capabilities, the detachable electronic module 1001 may be coupled to a folio or docking device using connectors configured in accordance with embodiments of the present invention to interface with a tablet-style computer. In this configuration, the detachable electronic module 1001 can be configured to function as a modem or communication device for the tablet-style computer. In such an application, a user may leverage the large screen of the tablet-style computer with the computing functionality of the detachable electronic module 1001, thereby creating device-to-device experiences for telephony, messaging, or other applications. The detachable nature of the detachable electronic module 1001, facilitated by connectors configured in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, serves to expand the number of experience horizons for the user.
In one embodiment the detachable electronic module 1001 includes a display 1103 configured to provide visual output to a user. The visual output can be text, pictures, video, audio, or other content. As will be shown in subsequent figures, in one or more embodiments, the wearable electronic device 1000 can be configured with various combinations of the following features: wide area network communication capabilities, e.g., cellular or other mobile communication capabilities; local area network communication capabilities, e.g., Bluetooth™ or other similar communication capabilities; voice call capabilities including conventional phone functionality, speaker phone functionality, or private mode capabilities via a wired or wireless headset; one or more wellness sensors, such as heart rate sensors, temperature sensors, or sweat sensors; context sensors, such as accelerometers, global positioning sensors, microphones, local infrared sensors, local light sensors, and local touch sensors; and other safety and security sensors and applications. These features can be integrated into the detachable electronic module 1001, the active strap 1002, or by way of a combination of the two when coupling the detachable electronic module 1001 to the active strap 1002 using connectors configured in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
The detachable electronic module 1001, in one embodiment, is equipped with a first detachable electronic module extension 1107 and a second detachable electronic module extension 1108. The detachable electronic module extensions 1107,1108 can be coupled to the housing of the detachable electronic module 1001 by way of hinge. Accordingly, the first detachable electronic module extension 1107 can be hingedly coupled to a first side of the housing such that it extends distally from the first side of the housing, while the second electronic module extension 1108 can be hingedly coupled to a second side of the housing that different from the first side, such that it extends distally from the second side of the housing. The hinged attachment allows the first detachable electronic module extension 1107 and the second electronic module extension 1108 to selectively pivot from a closed position, where the detachable electronic module extensions 1107,1108 are disposed against a rear, major face of the housing, to an angularly displaced open position extending distally outward from the housing.
As shown in
When the detachable electronic module 1001 is inserted into the attachment bay 1114, the dome switch actuators of each connector 1110,1111,1112,1113 of the active strap 1002 are configured to deform the domed metal switches of the complementary connectors disposed on the detachable electronic module extensions 1107,1108. Similarly, the dome switch actuators of the complementary connectors disposed on the detachable electronic module extensions 1107,1108 are configured to deform the domed metal switches of the connectors 1110,1111,1112,1113 of the active strap. This occurs when the actuation elements are placed against the portions of the domed metal switches that are exposed and the connectors 1110,1111,1112,1113 and complementary connectors are pressed together. The hinged connection between the detachable electronic module extensions 1107,1108 and the main body of the detachable electronic module 1001 can apply the necessary compression force to form the electrical connection. Using these connectors 1110,1111,1112,1113 allows both the detachable electronic module 1001 and the active strap 1002 to be configured as waterproof devices. The resulting assembly, i.e., the system created when the detachable electronic module 1001 is inserted into the attachment bay 1114, is also waterproof.
Turning now to
The detachable electronic module 1201 has been rotated to reveal complementary connectors 1230,1231,1232,1233,1234,1235 disposed along a back face of the detachable electronic module 1201. When the detachable electronic module 1201 is inserted into the attachment bay 1214, the complementary connectors 1230,1231,1232,1233,1234,1235 engage the connectors 1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227 to deform the corresponding domed metal switches as previously described.
When the detachable electronic module 1201 is detached from the active strap 1202, however, a user can use a finger, stylus, or other object to deform the domed metal switches of the connectors 1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227 to use the connectors 1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227 as a keypad. A control circuit operable with the connectors 1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227 can be configured to determine whether the connectors 1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227 are being actuated by an electronic device, such as the detachable electronic module 1201, or by a user by determining whether voltage or current is being applied to the domed metal switches when deformed. Where voltage or current is being applied, the control circuit can be configured to determine that an electronic device has caused the deformation. Where there is no voltage or current being applied to the domed metal switches, the control circuit can be configured to determine that a user is applying input to the connectors 1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227. Accordingly, the control circuit can set the operating mode of a device based upon this determination. Where no voltage or current is applied while the domed metal switches are deformed, the control circuit can configure the connectors 1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227 as a keypad or other user input device. Where voltage or current is being applied to the connectors 1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227 when deformed, the control circuit can configure the connectors 1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227 as an input/output device for connecting to any of a number of devices, including chargers, the detachable electronic module 1201, USB devices, and so forth. The complementary connectors 1230,1231,1232,1233,1234,1235 of the detachable electronic module 1201 can be used in the same manner.
Turning now to
A control circuit 1309 is coupled to the domed metal switches 1305,1306 of the second connector portion 1302. These domed metal switches 1305,1306 are configured to deform as previously described. The control circuit 1309 can be configured with executable code to execute a method for detecting input at the second connector portion 1302. Specifically, the control circuit 1309 can be configured to receive both user input and electronic device input at the second connector portion 1302 by determining whether one of a voltage or a current is applied to the domed metal switches 1305,1306 when they are deformed.
In a first example, presume that a user is pressing domed metal switch 1305 with a finger. The control circuit 1309 can detect this by determining that no current is flowing from the domed metal switch 1305 into an electrical conductor 1310 touched by the domed metal switch 1305 when deformed. Accordingly, each time the domed metal switch 1305 deforms to touch the electrical conductor 1310, the control circuit 1309 can interpret this action as user input. Examples of user input include key presses, power actuation, and so forth.
In another example, presume that domed metal switch 1304 engages and deforms domed metal switch 1305. When this occurs, the voltage source 1307 applies the time-varying digital voltage signal 1308 to the electrical conductor 1311 disposed beneath domed metal switch 1304. Both domed metal switch 1304 and domed metal switch 1305 deform as shown in
Using charging as an example, presume that the electrical conductor 1312 disposed beneath domed metal switch 1303 is coupled to a charging voltage 1313. When the first connector portion 1301 is pressed against the second connector portion 1302, the control circuit 1309 will detect the time-varying digital voltage signal 1308 through electrical conductor 1310 as previously described. The control circuit 1309 can then configure the electrical conductor 1314 disposed beneath domed switch 1306 to receive charging current from the charging voltage 1313 through domed metal switches 1303,1306. When the time-varying digital voltage signal 1308 is removed from electrical conductor 1310, the control circuit can configure both electrical conductor 1310 and electrical conductor 1314 to again receive user input.
Turning now to
At decision 1402, the method 1400 determines whether one of a voltage or a current is being applied to the domed metal switch while it is deformed. Where it is, the method 1400 receives data, power, voltage, or current from another electronic device through the domed metal switch at step 1403. This step 1403 can also include delivering data, power, voltage, or current to the other electronic device as well. In one embodiment, this is delivered through a dome switch actuator. Where it is not, the method 1400 receives user input through the domed metal switch at step 1404.
As described, embodiments of the invention provide a connector that includes a domed metal switch, partially covered with a liquid impermeable barrier such that a portion of the domed metal switch is exposed. The liquid impermeable barrier is coupled to the domed metal switch with a liquid impermeable junction. An electrical conductor can be disposed beneath the domed metal switch and the liquid impermeable barrier, with at least some of a perimeter of the domed metal switch being electrically coupled to the electrical conductor. Another electrical conductor can be disposed beneath the domed metal switch and the liquid impermeable barrier as well. When the domed metal switch deforms, such as in response to an applied force, to touch the second electrical conductor, an electrically conductive path is created between the electrical conductors through the domed metal switch. The assembly can be constructed on a rigid substrate, such as an electronic device housing or a printed circuit board. A control circuit, operable with the connector, can be configured to detect one of voltage or current applied to the domed metal switch when deformed so as to determine whether input is from an electronic device or a user.
In one embodiment, a flange can extend from the domed metal switch. An actuation protrusion can extend distally from the flange. The actuation protrusion can be configured to be compliant. The liquid impermeable barrier can partially cover the actuation protrusion such that a vertex of the actuation protrusion is exposed. The liquid impermeable barrier can be coupled to the actuation protrusion with another liquid impermeable junction.
Connectors described herein can be used in a connector system. Specifically, a connector portion can comprise a domed metal switch partially covered with a liquid impermeable barrier such that a portion of the domed metal switch is exposed. A complementary connector portion can comprise a dome switch actuator partially covered with another liquid impermeable barrier such that the other liquid impermeable barrier partially covers the dome switch actuator such that an actuation element is exposed. The dome switch actuator can then deform the domed metal switch when the actuation element is placed against the portion of the domed metal switch and the connector portion and the complementary connector portion are pressed together. The dome switch actuator can comprise an actuator protrusion, another domed metal switch, a leaf spring, or other mechanical structure configured to deform the domed metal switch. Moreover, one of the domed metal switch or the another domed metal switch can define an actuator protrusion extending distally from the one of the domed metal switch or the another domed metal switch, while another of the domed metal switch or the another domed metal switch defines a recess that is complementary to the actuator protrusion.
One or more voltage sources can be coupled to the dome actuation elements. The voltage sources can be configured to deliver a voltage signal from the actuation element to the electrical conductor through the domed metal switch when deformed.
When incorporated into a waterproof device or devices, each device can stand-alone by itself while remaining waterproof. When two devices are joined by pressing, sliding, rotating, or “ski-booting,” a dome switch actuator actuates a corresponding domed metal switch, thereby facilitating an electrical connection between the two devices. In some embodiments, rubber seals could seal liquids out of the connection, or in between the paired, deformed, domed metal switches to prevent shorting by the water.
In the foregoing specification, specific embodiments of the present invention have been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. Thus, while preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is clear that the invention is not so limited. Numerous modifications, changes, variations, substitutions, and equivalents will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential features or elements of any or all the claims.
The present application is a divisional application of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/710,588, filed on Dec. 11, 2012, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3643041 | Jackson | Feb 1972 | A |
| 8153919 | Inoue | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8455774 | Kato | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150235787 A1 | Aug 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13710588 | Dec 2012 | US |
| Child | 14696661 | US |
