BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrical connector housing.
2. Background Art
Electrical circuits often include an electrical connector in the form of a fuse, which is designed to break the circuit upon the occurrence of a specified event—e.g., too much current flowing through the circuit. Some fuses, especially those used in high-power applications, utilize bolt-on connections which require utilization of torque guns or other tools to apply the appropriate torque to the bolts during installation of the fuse. In addition to adding complexity to the production, and potentially increasing costs, bolt-on fuse connections may fail if an improper torque has been applied during installation. This may be particularly true in rigorous automotive environments.
Although bolt-on connections have inherent limitations, they continue to be used in high-power applications, at least in part, because of the high temperatures associated with high current flow. Copper, which is a good electrical conductor, has a tendency to relax at high temperatures. This means that male and female slide terminals made from copper may not retain the necessary electrical contact with each other when used in a high-power application. Specifically, the clamping portion of a fuse body—e.g., the spring-type feature of the female terminals—which would otherwise maintain a tight connection with the male terminal blades, relaxes, thereby decreasing the overall contact area; this in turn reduces electrical conductivity and increases electrical resistance.
Other types of fuse solutions include fusible links, which may be prone to heat damage in an automotive environment, and can also have a high cost of service. In addition, using a fuse which includes its own insulating cover adds cost to the fuse because of the extra material and the increased complexity in production. Therefore, it would be desirable to have an electrical connector housing, such as a fuse holder, which eliminated the need for bolt-on fuse connections, even in high-power applications, and also facilitated the use of fuses devoid of insulating material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention provide an electrical connector housing which includes a first housing portion and a second housing portion. The first housing portion includes first and second electrically conducting elements, each of which has a first connector portion which is configured to cooperate with an electrical connector to electrically connect the first and second electrically conducting elements. At least one of the first and second electrically conducting elements is integrally formed with the first housing portion. The second housing portion is configured to cooperate with the first housing portion to at least partially enclose the first connector portion of each of the first and second electrically conducting elements and the electrical connector when the electrical connector is positioned to electrically connect the first and second electrically conducting elements.
Embodiments of the invention also provide a fuse holder for an electrical fuse, which includes a first housing portion having first and second electrical terminals. A second housing portion is configured to carry the electrical fuse, and is further configured to cooperate with the first housing portion such that the fuse carried by the second housing portion automatically electrically connects the first and second terminals when the first and second housing portions are disposed proximate each other in a first mating position.
Embodiments of the invention further provide a method of producing an electrical connector housing having first and second electrically conducting elements. The method includes molding a first housing portion defining an interior space. Each of the first and second electrically conducting elements includes a first connector portion disposed substantially within the interior space. The method also includes molding a second housing portion which is configured to cooperate with the first housing portion in a first mating position. The second housing portion includes a retaining structure configured to retain an electrical connector such that the electrical connector electrically connects the first and second electrically conducting elements when the first and second housing portions are placed in the first mating position.
Embodiments of the invention also provide an electrical connector housing that includes a fuse body having a first terminal receptor with a first set of terminal legs. The fuse body further includes a second terminal receptor having a second set of terminal legs, and which is disposed in spaced relation to the first terminal receptor. A fuse element is disposed between the first terminal receptor and the second terminal receptor. A first clamp-like member is mounted to the first terminal receptor and a second clamp-like member is mounted to the second terminal receptor. The clamp-like members apply compressive force to a respective set of terminal legs. A first housing portion includes first and second electrical terminals integrally molded with the housing. Each of the first and second electrical terminals includes: a first connector portion configured to cooperate with a respective one of the terminal receptors to electrically connect the first and second electrical terminals, and a second connector portion extending outwardly from the first housing portion and configured to receive an electrically conducting wire such that when the wires and the fuse body are electrically connected to the first and second electrical terminals, the wires have in-line fuse protection. A second housing portion is configured to cooperate with the first housing portion to at least partially enclose the first connector portion of each of the first and second electrical terminals and the fuse body when the fuse body is positioned to electrically connect the first and second electrical terminals.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of an electrical connector housing and an electrical connector in the form of a fuse, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a partial fragmentary assembled view of the electrical connector housing and fuse shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows an isometric view of the electrical connector housing and fuse shown in FIG. 1, with a first housing portion unlatched from a second housing portion;
FIG. 4 shows an isometric view of the electrical connector housing shown in FIG. 3, with the first and second housing portions in a first mating position;
FIG. 5A shows a partial fragmentary exploded view of a fuse holder cover and fuse in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5B shows a partial fragmentary assembled view of the fuse holder cover and fuse shown in FIG. 5A;
FIG. 6 shows an isometric view of an electrical connector housing in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7A shows an isometric view of a female electrical terminal in accordance with embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 7B shows an exploded view of the female terminal shown in FIG. 7A;
FIG. 8A shows an isometric view of a female electrical terminal in accordance with embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 8B shows an exploded view of the female terminal shown in FIG. 8A; and
FIG. 9 shows a fuse body in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of an electrical connector housing, or fuse holder 10, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The fuse holder 10 includes a first housing portion, or base 12, which defines an interior space 14. The fuse holder 10 also includes a second housing portion, or cover 16, and a seal 18 configured to be disposed between the base 12 and the cover 16. The fuse holder 10 also includes first and second electrically conducting elements, or terminals 20, 22. As shown in FIG. 1, the terminals 20, 22 are male terminals, which respectively include first connector portions 24, 26. As described more fully below, the first connector portions 24, 26 are configured to cooperate with an electrical connector, such as a fuse 28, to electrically connect the first and second terminals 20, 22. Also shown in FIG. 1 are first and second electrical attachment features, or female terminals 30, 32. The female terminals 30, 32 are spring terminals configured to be disposed on the first connector portions 24, 26 of the male terminals 20, 22; they are also configured to receive the fuse 28, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, is a male connector.
FIG. 2 shows a partial fragmentary view of the fuse holder 10 with all of the components assembled. One method of producing the fuse holder 10 is to mold the base 12 from a polymeric or composite material. In automotive applications, where heat resistance is required, a polyamide with a 30% glass field has been shown to be effective. Of course, other materials may be used, including other polymers and composites, depending on the particular application. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the terminals 20, 22 are integrally formed with the base 12. This can be done by a technique commonly known as “overmolding”. Integrally molding the terminals 20, 22 with the base 12, provides a robust method of attachment, and isolates the fuse 28 from outside stresses, thereby providing a built-in strain relief.
The use of the separate female terminals 30, 32, which are installed after the base 12 is molded, helps to facilitate the overmolding process by reducing the complexity of the setup and/or tooling. In order to provide a good electrical contact surface, the first contact portions 24, 26 must be free of the material used to mold the base 12—e.g., the polyamide/glass material. Male terminals, such as the terminals 20, 22, are easier to shield from the molded material, and the female terminals 30, 32 are quickly and easily applied to the first contact portions 24, 26 after the base 12 is molded.
As shown in FIG. 2, each of the male terminals 20, 22 also includes a second connector portion 34, 36, respectively. The second connector portions 34, 36 are each configured to retain a wire 38, 40. As shown in FIG. 2, neither of the wires 38, 40 has a terminated end; rather, the end of each wire 38, 40 is crimped in a respective connector portion 34, 36. As discussed below, the second connector portions can be configured in virtually any shape effective to provide a connection point to another electrically conducting element, such as, a crimp terminal, a welding interface, or an eyelet or ring terminal. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the second connector portions 34, 36 are oriented generally perpendicular to their respective first connector portions 24, 26. This may further help to reduce stress and/or strain on the fuse 28, because more of the terminals 20, 22 are molded into the base 12.
As shown in FIG. 2, the base 12 and the cover 16 cooperate with each other in a first mating position which is maintained by a latch mechanism 42 on one side, and a hinge mechanism 44 on the other. The latch mechanism 42 includes an attachment structure 46 and a receiving structure 48 (see FIG. 1) respectively molded with the base 12 and the cover 16. The receiving structure 48 is configured to receive the attachment structure 46 to help secure the base 12 to the cover 16. The hinge mechanism 44 includes first and second portions 49, 51 (see FIG. 1) also respectively molded with the base 12 and the cover 16. The hinge mechanism 44 allows the base 12 and the cover 16 to pivot relative to each other, which is best illustrated in FIG. 3.
Turning to FIG. 3, an inner portion 50 of the cover 16 is visible. The cover 16 includes a retaining structure 52 which includes first and second portions, or retaining elements 54, 56. The first retaining element 54 includes a lip 58 under which one end of the fuse 28 is placed. The other end of the fuse 28 is snapped into the second retaining element 56, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, is configured as a clip. Like the base 12, and even the seal 18, the cover 16 may be conveniently molded of an appropriate material, such as a heat resistant polymer or composite. This allows the retaining structure 52 to be integrally molded with the cover 16, thereby eliminating the need for a separate assembly operation.
Once the fuse 28 is secured within the retaining structure 52, the cover 16 can be pivoted into the first mating position with the base 12. This movement is illustrated by the directional arrow shown in FIG. 3. As can be readily discerned from FIG. 3, the fuse 28 will be sequentially connected to the two terminals 20, 22 in the base 12 as the base 12 and the cover 16 are brought together into the first mating position. Specifically, a first portion 60 of the fuse 28 will be received by the female terminal 32 in the base 12. After contact is made, a second portion 62 of the fuse 28 will be received by the other female terminal 30. Thus, the fuse 28 may be connected to the female terminals 30, 32 one at a time, which reduces the insertion force necessary to connect the fuse 28 with the terminals 30, 32.
The retaining structure 52 is configured to hold the fuse 28 to allow it to be automatically connected to the terminals 30, 32 when the base 12 and the cover 16 are pivoted together into the first mating position. Similarly, the retaining structure 52 will retain the fuse 28 when the base 12 and the cover 16 are pivoted out of the first mating position. Thus, pivoting the cover 16 away from the base 12 will automatically disconnect the fuse 28 from the terminal 30, and then from the terminal 32, in reverse order of their connection. The configuration of the fuse holder 10 eliminates the requirement for insulation on a fuse that would otherwise be used to grip the fuse as it is inserted into an electrical circuit.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the fuse 28 is an all metal fuse, devoid of insulation. The cover 16 can be molded from a material which not only provides heat resistance for automotive environments, but also provides electrical insulation to isolate the fuse 28 from an operator opening or closing the housing 10. When the fuse 28 needs replacing, it is only necessary to replace the metal fuse 28 itself, the cover 16 may be reusable, in which case a new fuse is secured within the retaining structure 52 after the fuse 28 is removed. Alternatively, a number of covers, such as the cover 16, can be pre-loaded with fuses so that replacement of a fuse merely requires replacement of the cover—the fuse need never be removed from the retaining structure.
In FIG. 4, the base 12 and the cover 16 are shown in the first mating position. When they are in the first mating position, the base 12 and the cover 16 provide a substantially sealed enclosure for the fuse 28 and the associated electrical terminals 20, 22 and 30, 32. Also shown in FIG. 4, the cover 16 includes a protrusion 62 molded therein to accommodate a protruding portion 66 of the fuse 28 (see also FIG. 3). Although the housing portions 12, 16 do not need to be molded, or made from a polymeric material, it does provide a convenient method for producing a fuse holder, such as the fuse holder 10. Not only can the geometric configuration of the fuse holder 10 be modified to accommodate different styles of fuses and/or electrical terminals, but an appropriate choice of a polymeric material effectively insulates the electrical connectors, and eliminates the need to use a fuse having its own insulation.
FIG. 5A shows a portion of a second housing portion, or fuse holder cover 65, having a retaining structure that is different from the one shown in FIG. 3. Although the cover 65 is shown without latch and hinge mechanisms, such as the latch and hinge mechanisms 42, 44 shown in FIG. 2, it is understood that it may contain these or other attachment features so that it can cooperate with a base portion of a fuse holder. Integrally molded with the cover 65 is a first portion 67 of a retaining structure configured to carry a fuse 69. Separate from the first portion 67 is a second portion 71 of the retaining structure. Although the second portion 71 is separate from the cover 65, it could be molded substantially simultaneously with the cover 65, for example, in a separate cavity of the same mold tool.
As shown in FIG. 5B, the first and second portions 67, 71 of the retaining structure cooperate to capture the fuse 69 between them. One convenient method of attaching the first and second portions 67, 71 together is to sonic weld them to each other. Alternatively, they could be heat-staked, or an adhesive could be used, depending on the particular application. As noted above, one convenient method of using a fuse holder in accordance with the present invention is to secure fuses into a number of respective fuse holder covers, such as the cover 65, and when a fuse needs replacing, the entire cover, including the fuse, is replaced.
FIG. 6 shows an electrical connector housing, or fuse holder 66 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the fuse holder 10, the fuse holder 66 includes first and second housing portions 68, 70 which cooperate with each other in a first mating position, as shown in FIG. 5. A latch mechanism 72 and a hinge mechanism 74 allow the first and second housing portions 68, 70 to be pivoted relative to each other, and securely latched in the first mating position. Although not visible in FIG. 6, first and second terminals 76, 78 each have first connector portions which are configured to receive female terminals to facilitate connection to a fuse, such as the fuse 28. In contrast to the fuse holder 10, the terminals 76, 78 have markedly different second connector portions 80, 82, respectively. The second connector portion 80 of the first terminal 76 is a thick male terminal that is configured to receive a fork terminal 84, which may be attached to an electrically conducting element, such as a wire 86. The second connector portion 82 of the second terminal 78 is a ring terminal, which facilitates secure attachment to another electrically conducting element (not shown) through the use of a bolt, or other stud-type fastener. It is worth noting that the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 represents just one variation of many different varieties of terminals which may be used with a fuse holder, in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 7A shows a female electrical terminal 88. As explained below, the female terminal 88 can be used as an attachment structure, such as the female terminals 30, 32 shown in FIG. 1. The female terminal 88 includes a terminal receptor 90, and a clamp-like member 92. The terminal receptor 90 can be made, for example, from a single piece of stamped metal, such as copper. The terminal receptor 90 includes a first set of terminal legs 94, which includes first and second opposing legs 96, 98 and third and fourth opposing legs 100, 102. Each of the legs 96-102 are resilient for maintaining a compressive force on a male electrical terminal blade, such as the male terminals 20, 22 shown in FIG. 1.
As shown in FIG. 7B, the first and third legs 96, 100 are spaced in relation to one another, as are the second and fourth legs 98, 102. This allows the clamp-like member 92 to be inserted therebetween, as shown in the assembled view in FIG. 7A. The clamp-like member 92 is configured as a substantially U-shaped body having first and second end portions 104, 106. The first and second end portions 104, 106 may have an arc-shaped cross section furthering the nesting relationship between the first end portion 104 and the first and third legs 96, 100, and the second end portion 106 and the second and fourth legs 98, 102.
The clamp-like member 92 may be made from a material having low relaxation properties at elevated temperatures, for example, 301 stainless steel. Because of this property, and the compressive force that the clamp-like member 92 can apply to the legs 96-102 of the female terminal 88, the terminal receptor 90 can be made from a highly conductive material, such as C151 copper. Without the use of the clamp-like member 92, higher temperature applications—such as high power applications where more than 70 amperes (A) of current may be present—may require the terminal receptor 90 to be made from a copper alloy having better mechanical properties at higher temperatures, but poorer conductivity than the more pure copper material.
The female terminal 88 may have a width (W) of a little over 6 millimeters (mm). A terminal of this size, when used with the clamp-like member 92, may be used in applications requiring up to 130 A. Where higher current applications are contemplated, a terminal, such as the female terminal 88 shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, can be made wider such as illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B. In FIGS. 8A and 8B, a female terminal 106 has a width (W) of approximately 14.5 mm. The female terminal 106 includes a terminal receptor 108 and four sets of opposing terminal legs 110, 112, 114, 116. The female terminal 106 also includes two clamp-like structures 118, 120, each configured to cooperate with two sets of the legs 110-116 to apply a compressive force to a male terminal that will be inserted therebetween. FIG. 8B shows an exploded view of the terminal 106, illustrating the clamp-like members 118, 120 detached from the legs 110-116.
FIG. 9 shows the female terminal 106, in conjunction with another similarly configured terminal 106′ being used in conjunction with a fuse or fuse element 122, and forming a fuse body 124. The fuse element 122 electrically connects the female terminals 106, 106′, and is therefore an electrical connector, such as element 28, shown in FIG. 1. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the fuse element 122 is welded to the female terminals 106, 106′, thereby forming an assembly that can be inserted into the lid of a housing, such as the cover 16 shown in FIG. 1. Other types of attachments are also contemplated, for example, depending on the particular application, spot welding or adhesive connections may be used. In addition, a fuse element can be integrally formed with terminal receptors. Such a configuration is described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0085712, entitled “High Power Case Fuse” and published on 2 Apr. 2009, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Where a fuse body, such as the fuse body 124, is used, separate attachment structures such as terminals 30, 32 are not required, as the female terminals 106, 106′ will directly mate with the first connector portions 24, 26 of the male terminals 20, 22. As noted above, the smaller width terminal 88, shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B can be used in applications at least up to 130 A. In contrast, the “double-width” terminals 106, 106′ can be used in applications up to at least 500 A. In these applications it may be particularly important to utilize an electrical connector housing, such as illustrated in FIGS. 1-6 so that technicians are isolated from the conducting elements when contact is made. Moreover, the high power terminals used in the present invention, such as the terminals 88, 106 provide for fast electrical connections that do not require bolt-on attachments which may otherwise be required for such high power applications.
While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Patent Grant
8242874
