This disclosure relates generally to tobacco smoking systems using electrical energy rather than combustion. More particularly, the smoking system disclosed here generates an aerosol through conductive and/or convective combustionless heating of tobacco by an electrical heating source.
A quantity of tobacco is placed in contact with a heating system. Passageways are provided for air to move through the heating system and the tobacco. The heating system raises the temperature of the tobacco to the range of about 150 to about 220° C. by direct contact with the tobacco, by convective heat transfer to the tobacco, and/or by heating the air which in turn heats the tobacco. The heated tobacco releases volatiles which subsequently cool to form an aerosol for delivery from the heating system.
The tobacco may have a variety of shapes including without limitation a pillow shape, a generally rotationally symmetric shape, a generally cylindrical plug, a generally cylindrical shell, a generally circular disk, a plug shape, a pellet shape, a cigarette shape, and the like.
The heating system may also have a variety of configurations. By way of example, and without limitation, the heating system may include a heating element such as a generally cylindrical heated shell with both ends open, a generally cylindrical heated shell with a closed end, an insertable heating element, a heated disk, a pair of heated disks, or the like. Such heating elements may be fabricated from an electrically resistive material which heats when electrical current passes through it. Such heating elements may also include either internal or external heating devices such as wires. Air may pass axially through the tobacco and the heating system. Alternatively, air may enter the tobacco radially and exit substantially axially. In addition, the heating system may be arranged such that air is preliminarily heated before being directed into the tobacco.
If desired, a mouthpiece, with or without a filter, may be used with the heating system both to define a cooling region for the tobacco volatiles, and to direct the resulting aerosol to the consumer.
The accompanying drawings depict several embodiments of the electrically heated tobacco smoking system of this disclosure. In the accompanying drawings, like reference numerals are applied to like elements.
Turning to
If desired, the tobacco plug 24 may include a paper or mesh cover or carrier to facilitate handling. When paper is used around the tobacco plug, the paper substrate may have porosity and weight selected according to the particular shape of the heating chamber and the manner in which the tobacco plug 24 is to be used. For example, where the tobacco plug 24 is replaceable, the paper needs to have sufficient strength to maintain integrity of the tobacco plug during handling, removal, and insertion. Moreover, where the paper covers the principal movement of air through the smoking system, the paper needs to have sufficient porosity to allow air movement therethrough. Where a mesh material is selected, mesh opening should be sized small enough to contain a substantial majority, if not all, of the cut filler tobacco particles.
The tobacco mass may also be formed from tobacco particles. Whether particles or other tobacco cuts are used, the tobacco itself may function as a binder to hold tobacco pieces in a preferred shape. If desired, the tobacco used in the system can be pretreated to enhance flavor generation. Similarly, if desired, flavorants can be provided on the tobacco surface.
The tobacco mass may be rotationally symmetric in shape or configuration. Moreover, the tobacco mass may be generally cylindrical, disk-like, or generally toroidal. Where a cylindrical configuration is adopted, it may be solid or shell-like with an open center. The particular shape of the tobacco mass is preferably adapted to the shape of the heating apparatus.
The heating system 22 substantially encloses or surrounds a substantial portion of the tobacco mass such that at least part of the surface of the tobacco mass conforms to the heating apparatus. An actuation system connected with the heating system 22 is operable to electrically energize the heating system 22. The actuation system may include a source of electrical energy such as one or more batteries 37. To preserve battery life and to control activation of the heating system 22, a suitable switch 38 may be connected in series with the batteries 37. Depending on the application, the switch 38 may be a push-button switch, a flow sensing device, or a puff sensing device. A suitable conductor 36 connects the batteries 37, the switch 38, and the heating system 22 in series.
The heating system 22 is operable to heat the tobacco mass to a temperature in the range of about 150° to about 220° C. to release flavorful volatiles without reaching the tobacco kindling temperature and without generating smoke and/or ash. Further, the heating system defines a heat transfer channel or pathway through which air is directed.
As shown, the heating system 22 may comprise a generally cylindrical shell having both ends open. As best seen in
The heating system 22 may operate continuously for a period of time corresponding to the length of time normally used to smoke a cigarette. Conventionally, that length of time is typically taken as about 5 to 10 minutes. Alternatively, the heating system 22 may operate intermittently, on demand, for example in response to puffs by the system user.
In use, the heating system 22 is activated, for example, by a puff sensor or a suitable “on-off” device. Ambient air 26 is drawn through the open end 28 of the heating system 20 and into the tobacco plug 24. The heating system 22 closely conforms to the periphery of the tobacco plug 24 and heats the tobacco plug 24 to the desired temperature range (about 150° C. to about 220° C.) by conductive and/or convective heat transfer to release flavorful volatiles from the tobacco. As the ambient air 26 moves through the tobacco plug 24, the air 26 entrains the released tobacco volatiles and distills those volatiles by cooling them. As the air with entrained volatiles leaves the second end of the heating system 22, see arrow 30, exposure to ambient air further cools the entrained volatiles to form an aerosol 32 which is delivered from the heating system 22.
If desired, an aerosol former may be added to the tobacco plug 24. Suitable aerosol formers include, for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, triacetin, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof. Concentrations of aerosol former in the range of about 0 to about 25% by weight can be used. The aerosol formers also enhance tobacco involvement in the aerosol formation.
After the tobacco plug 24 has been used, it may be removed from the heating system 22 and replaced with a fresh plug or cartridge. The spent tobacco plug 24 may be discarded.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the electric tobacco smoking system described herein provides numerous advantages. For example, a smaller amount of tobacco is used so tobacco supplies can be extended. By using less tobacco, the disposable waste from the smoking experience is also reduced. In addition, since the heating system releases principally the flavorful volatiles from the tobacco which may be perceived as more pleasing than the sidestream aroma resulting from cigarette combustion.
The tobacco plug 24 is not subject to actual combustion as occurs with lit-end smoking articles. Because the electric tobacco smoking system described here does not have a smoldering coal, it presents less risk of starting a fire when carelessly handled than a conventional lit-end cigarette. For the same reason, the smoking system herein described requires less cleaning as there is essentially no ash with which to contend. Furthermore, the disposable waste which does exist has less residual aroma due to the lack of combustion. Moreover, absence of smoke should obviate non-smoker objections to second-hand smoke.
Of course, various other embodiments of the electric tobacco smoking system are not only possible but also are within the scope of this disclosure. For example (see
To provide one or more channels for air flow around the heater 40, the heater 40 and/or the shroud 42 may include two or more radially outwardly extending ribs 44, 46 (see
The cross-sectional area of the channels 48, 50 may be selected as desired. For example, it may be desired to provide a flow area around the heater 40 which is equivalent to the flow area through the inside of the heater 40. Or, it may be desired to provide a flow area equivalent to the flow area through the tobacco plug 24. Regardless of the flow area selected, the heater 40 is preferably spaced from the end wall 52 by a sufficient distance that the flow area at the inner end of the heater 40 is at least as large as the flow area through the channels 48, 50. In this manner, the puff resistance (resistance-to-draw) is defined by the tobacco plug rather than by the assembly of the heater 40 and the shroud 42.
With the arrangement of
If desired, the spacing between the heater 40 and the shroud 42 may be accomplished with structures other than the longitudinal ribs described above. For example, discontinuous ribs, radially extending pins, and baffles may be used as desired. Baffles might be used to improve heat transfer to air under some circumstances.
Thus, the embodiment of
The electric tobacco smoking system of this disclosure may also include a mouthpiece 60 (see
The sheath 64 extends beyond the end of the shell 62 and into an opening within the heating assembly 22, which opening may be between the heating assembly 22 and the tobacco mass. By attaching the sheath 64 to the electric tobacco smoking system 20, the combination of the smoking system 20 and the mouthpiece 60 cosmetically resembles a conventional cigarette.
When more than one mouthpiece 60 will be used with the smoking system 20, or when one mouthpiece 60 will be used with more than one smoking system 20, the sheath may be fabricated from a sufficiently rigid material that the mouthpiece can be removably attached to the smoking system 20 by inserting the extending portion of the sheath 64 between the heating assembly 22 and the tobacco plug 24. For some applications, it may also be desirable to provide a suitable filter (not shown) such as a plug of cellulose acetate in the discharge end of the mouthpiece 60. Typically, such a filter would be located at an end of the mouthpiece. The actuation system of
Another arrangement for the heating assembly is shown in
While the end piece 70 is depicted with two openings, the number, arrangement, and shape of the openings can vary. For example, a pattern of circular holes could be used if desired. Where the end piece 70 is heated, heat transfer to the air passing through the openings can be increased by using smaller openings.
If desired, the heating assembly 70, 72 and the associated tobacco plug 24 may be enclosed in other structures. For example, a cylindrical shell may surround the tobacco plug, or the tobacco plug along with the end piece 70. Such a cylindrical shell could also include a mouthpiece portion.
The embodiments discussed above include a generally cylindrical plug of tobacco; however, that shape for the tobacco is not critical. The cross section may be circular, as shown. Alternatively, the cross section can be uniform or non-uniform and can have any desired shape such a polygonal, elliptical, oval, toroidal, and the like. Moreover, the tobacco can have other suitable shapes as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the tobacco can be shaped as a pillow, i.e., a unit having a depth which is small compared with the transverse dimension. The pillow may be circular, rectangular, polygonal, polygonal with rounded corners, toroidal, or the like.
A generally circular embodiment of the pillow arrangement is depicted in
The heating system 82 for this embodiment comprises a heating plate in heat transfer relationship with the tobacco pillow 80. The actuation system of
Thermal energy from the plate 82 is applied to the tobacco pillow 80 by conduction and convection so that the temperature of the pillow is raised to release the flavorful volatiles. As with other embodiments, that temperature lies in the range of about 150° to about 220° C. As air leaves the tobacco pillow with the entrained flavorful volatiles (see arrows 88), the flavorful volatiles cool to form an aerosol (see arrow 90).
A pillow 80 having radial air inflow and axial outflow is shown in
In this arrangement, ambient air enters the pillow 90 in a generally radial direction, for example, in response to inhalation. As the ambient air passes through the pillow 80, its temperature rises by heat transfer from one or both of the heaters 92, 94 and it entrains volatiles released from the tobacco. Air with the flavorful tobacco volatiles, turns axially and leaves the assembly through a generally circular orifice or opening 96 in the center of the annular heater 94. The air with entrained tobacco volatiles cools as it leaves the heater and condenses to form an aerosol (arrow 98).
To enhance the heating efficiency of the embodiment of
With that arrangement, the baffle 103 forms an internal channel 104, which receives ambient air through an annular opening 106 and directs that ambient air radially outwardly through a preheating passage, defined between the annular heater 94 and the baffle, to a collector substantially surrounding the peripheral edge of the pillow 80. As the air passes the annular heater 94 in the channel 104, the air is heated thereby reducing energy loss or waste from the annular heater 94. The heated air then passes radially inwardly through the pillow 80 between the disk heater 92 and the annular heater 94 and leaves through the generally circular opening 96.
A generally cylindrical connector tube 108 with a generally circular cross section is fitted into the opening 96 and provides a passageway for heated air with entrained tobacco volatiles leaving the pillow 80 through the opening 96. In addition, the tube 108 cooperates with the central opening 110 of the baffle 103 to define an annular inlet opening 106. As air leaves the tube 108, it cools and the entrained tobacco volatiles form an aerosol.
Use of a generally toriodal tobacco mass is depicted in
The electric tobacco heater (
It is also contemplated that the tobacco mass may be arranged so that successive portions of the tobacco mass can be advanced to the heating system. Individual tobacco mass portions may be used for a time corresponding generally to one puff, to multiple puffs, or to correspond to a time comparable to the smoking of a conventional cigarette. The embodiments of
The terms and phases used herein are not to be interpreted with mathematical or geometric precision, rather geometric terminology is to be interpreted as meaning approximating or similar to the geometric terms and concepts. Where the term “about” is used in relation to a number, it is intended that such number has a tolerance of plus or minus 5%. Similarly, such terms as “generally” and “substantially” are intended to encompass both precise meanings of the associated terms and concepts as well as to provide reasonable latitude which is consistent with form, function, and/or meaning.
It will now be apparent to those skilled in the art that this specification describes a new, useful, and nonobvious smokeless electric tobacco smoking system. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications, variations, substitutes, and equivalents exist for various aspects of the invention that have been described in the detailed description above. Accordingly, it is expressly intended that all such modifications, variations, substitutions, and equivalents that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims, be embraced thereby.
Number | Date | Country | |
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60722036 | Sep 2005 | US |