Patent Application
20150060042
The present disclosure relates to electric submersible pumps. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to electric submersible pumps configured to provide improved contaminant tolerance and resulting increase in life span of the pump and pump components.
Electric submersible pump systems are used in a wide variety of environments, including wellbore applications for pumping production fluids, such as water or petroleum. Electric submersible pump systems typically include, among other components, a submersible pump that provides for the pumping of high volumes of fluid, such as for use in oil wells which produce large quantities of water, or high volume water wells and a submersible motor for operating the electric submersible pump.
A typical electric submersible pump utilizes numerous stages of diffusers and impellers, referred to as pump stages, for pumping fluid to the surface from the well. During operation, the impellers are configured to rotate within the diffusers. It is known in the art to make impellers and diffusers from a cast alloy by machining operations, such as milling, turning, etc.
During operation of these types of submersible pumps, tolerance to contaminants in the pumped fluid, and in particular sand, is of great concern. More particularly, tolerance to contaminants in the pumped fluid is a critical functionality that can enhance the lifespan of the electric submersible pumps. If a fluid being pumped contains a significant amount of contaminants, and more particularly entrained abrasive contaminants, such as sand, the abrasive particles will abrade and/or erode the components, and in particular the pump impellers and diffusers, and thereby shortening the life of the pump. To minimize the detrimental effects of these contaminants, recent developments have provided submersible pumps that include features to reduce material loss due to contaminants. One of these features includes utilizing coatings on the component substrate, such as the cast alloy, thus providing for a harder surface area that is less susceptible to damage by the impact of these contaminants. In addition, the inclusion of other wear resistant pump components, comprised of harder material than the impeller and diffuser, may be utilized such as bearings formed of hardened material. However, inclusion of these coating and or wear resistant components is considerably more expensive than conventional pump stage components.
In the field of oil and gas, it is typical to remove a pump from a well for servicing periodically. If contaminants have abraded the pump components severely, the pump may potentially have to be removed earlier than the usual life. The cost for removing an electric submersible pump, including lost production time, can be quite expensive, particularly with regard to wells not easily accessible, such as offshore drilling wells.
Accordingly, it is desired to provide for an electric submersible pump, including conventional pump stage components having improved tolerance to contaminants, such as sand, thus providing for an increase in the lifespan of the pump. Further, there is a need for an electric submersible pump that allows continuous operation of the electric submersible pump system for an extended period of time.
These and other shortcomings of the prior art are addressed by the present disclosure, which provides an electric submersible pump, an electrical submersible pump system and a method of manufacturing an electric submersible pump.
One aspect of the present disclosure resides in an electric submersible pump. The electric submersible pump comprising: a housing; at least one impeller disposed in the housing; and at least one diffuser disposed in the housing and configured in cooperative engagement with the at least one impeller. At least one of the at least one impeller and the at least one diffuser is configured as a monolithic additively manufactured structure comprised of a metal matrix composite.
Another aspect of the present disclosure resides in an electrical submersible pump system. The electrical submersible pump system comprising: an electric submersible pump; and an electric motor configured to operate the electric submersible pump. The electric submersible pump comprises: a housing; at least one impeller; and at least one diffuser. The at least one impeller and the at least one diffuser are disposed within the housing and configured in cooperative engagement. The housing, the at least one impeller, and the at least one diffuser define an internal volume within the housing, said internal volume configured to receive a fluid. At least one of the at least one impeller and the at least one diffuser is configured as a monolithic additively manufactured structure comprised of a metal matrix composite.
Yet another aspect of the disclosure resides a method of manufacturing an electric submersible pump. The method comprising: (a) forming at least one impeller disposed in a housing; and (b) forming at least one diffuser disposed in the housing and configured in cooperative engagement with the at least one impeller. At least one of the at least one impeller and the at least one diffuser is configured as a monolithic structure comprised of a metal matrix composite. At least one of steps (a) through (b) is carried out by direct metal laser sintering.
Various refinements of the features noted above exist in relation to the various aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may also be incorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements and additional features may exist individually or in any combination. For instance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more of the illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of the above-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in any combination. Again, the brief summary presented above is intended only to familiarize the reader with certain aspects and contexts of the present disclosure without limitation to the claimed subject matter.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
The disclosure will be described for the purposes of illustration only in connection with certain embodiments; however, it is to be understood that other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be made apparent by the following description of the drawings according to the disclosure. While preferred embodiments are disclosed, they are not intended to be limiting. Rather, the general principles set forth herein are considered to be merely illustrative of the scope of the present disclosure and it is to be further understood that numerous changes may be made without straying from the scope of the present disclosure.
As described in detail below, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system and method for monolithic design and manufacture of an electric submersible pump. The present disclosure further provides embodiments of a system and method for monolithic design and manufacture of an electric submersible pump manufactured via additive manufacturing techniques. Using such techniques, the monolithic design so produced may provide improved tolerance to contaminants.
The terms “first,” “second,” and the like, herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another and intended for the purpose of orienting the reader as to specific components parts. Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. The modifier “about” used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the stated value, and has the meaning dictated by context, (e.g., includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity). Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about”, is not limited to the precise value specified. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value.
In the following specification and the claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As used herein, the term “or” is not meant to be exclusive and refers to at least one of the referenced components being present and includes instances in which a combination of the referenced components may be present, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In addition, in this specification, the suffix “(s)” is usually intended to include both the singular and the plural of the term that it modifies, thereby including one or more of that term (e.g., “the impeller” may include one or more impellers, unless otherwise specified). Reference throughout the specification to “one embodiment,” “another embodiment,” “an embodiment,” and so forth, means that a particular element (e.g., feature, structure, and/or characteristic) described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described herein, and may or may not be present in other embodiments. Similarly, reference to “a particular configuration” means that a particular element (e.g., feature, structure, and/or characteristic) described in connection with the configuration is included in at least one configuration described herein, and may or may not be present in other configurations. In addition, it is to be understood that the described inventive features may be combined in any suitable manner in the various embodiments and configurations.
As used herein, the terms “may” and “may be” indicate a possibility of an occurrence within a set of circumstances; a possession of a specified property, characteristic or function; and/or qualify another verb by expressing one or more of an ability, capability, or possibility associated with the qualified verb. Accordingly, usage of “may” and “may be” indicates that a modified term is apparently appropriate, capable, or suitable for an indicated capacity, function, or usage, while taking into account that in some circumstances the modified term may sometimes not be appropriate, capable, or suitable. For example, in some circumstances, an event or capacity can be expected, while in other circumstances the event or capacity cannot occur—this distinction is captured by the terms “may” and “may be”.
Referring to
As illustrated in
In an embodiment, the present invention provides an electric submersible pump manufactured via additive manufacturing techniques that is capable of withstanding high temperatures, high pressures, and exposure to contaminants. With reference to
In a particular configuration, each of the at least one impellers 34 is configured to rotate within a diffuser 36 during operation of the pump 20. The diffuser 36 is stationarily mounted within the housing 40. It has been found that the number of impellers 34 needed to produce a given flow rate at a given pressure is inversely proportional to impeller speed. More particularly, if the impeller speed is increased by a factor of 3, the number of impellers 34 can be reduced by the same ratio and produce the desired flow rate and pressure. In an embodiment, the at least one impeller 34 and the at least one diffuser 36 define an internal volume 42 within the housing 40, said internal volume 42 configured to receive a fluid 44 as indicated in
In an embodiment, the internal volume 42 is configured such that there is fluid communication between the at least one impeller 34, the at least one diffuser 36 and the fluid 44 that the internal volume 42 may contain. The term “fluid communication”, as used herein, means that the fluid 44 passing through the electric submersible pump 20, is in contact with the internal volume 42 of the electric submersible pump 20, and more particularly is in contact with the at least one impeller 34 and the at least one diffuser 36. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the electric submersible pump 20 and the components of the electric submersible pump 20 have a geometry and configuration such that the fluid 44 when passing through the internal volume 42 is in fluid communication with the at least one impeller 34 and the at least one diffuser 36.
Referring now to
The term “matrix” as used herein refers to a fine-grained material in which larger materials or objects are embedded. Further the term “metal matrix” as used herein refers to a metal material or a material comprised substantially of a metal material and capable of having other materials embedded therein. In one embodiment, the metal matrix 52 includes a metal in combination with a non-metal. In an embodiment, the metal matrix 52 includes a material selected from the group consisting cobalt, nickel, chromium, iron, copper and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the metal matrix composite 50 includes the ceramic material 54 dispersed in the metal matrix 52 including chromium.
The term “ceramic” as used herein refers to an inorganic, non-metallic material having high hardness, high temperature strength, good electro-thermal insulation, and high chemical stability. Further, the term “ceramic” as used herein refers to a crystalline ceramic material or an amorphous ceramic material. In one embodiment, the ceramic material 54 includes a metal in combination with a non-metal. In one embodiment, the ceramic material 54 includes an oxide, a nitride, a boride, a carbide, a silicide, a silica, or a sulfide. In one embodiment, the ceramic material 54 includes a material selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, aluminum silicate, zirconium oxide, mica, glass and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the ceramic material 54 includes tungsten carbide (WC) dispersed in the metal matrix 52.
As noted above, additive manufacturing techniques generally allow for construction of custom parts having complex geometries, curvatures, and features, such as at least one impeller 34 and the at least one diffuser 36 discussed herein. Accordingly, additive manufacturing may be used to construct portions of the submersible pump having a variety of shapes and features, such as the at least one impeller 34 and the at least one diffuser 36.
Additive manufacturing may be particularly useful in the construction of at least one impeller 34 and the at least one diffuser 36 for the electric submersible pump, as the at least one impeller 34 and the at least one diffuser 36 may be constructed as a monolithic structure from high-strength materials that may be difficult to machine or tool using traditional methods. In addition, additive manufacturing techniques provide the capability to construct complex solid objects from computer models, without difficult machining steps. In general, additive manufacturing techniques involve applying a source of heat, such as a laser or electron beam, to deposited powder layers (e.g., layer after layer) in order to grow a part having a particular shape.
In the exemplary embodiment, the at least one impeller 34 and the at least one diffuser 36 are fabricated using an additive manufacturing process. Specifically, an additive manufacturing process known as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) or direct metal laser melting (DMLM) is used to manufacture the monolithic components. Although the process is described herein as DMLS, one having ordinary skill in the art would understand that DMLM could also be used. Alternatively, the additive manufacturing method is not limited to the DMLS or DMLM process, but may be any known additive manufacturing process. This fabrication process eliminates joints that would typically be defined within the at least one impeller 34 and the at least one diffuser 36, thus making them susceptible to contaminants. Rather, DMLS is an additive layer process that produces a component directly from a CAD model using a laser and a fine metal/composite powder.
The CAD model is sliced into thin layers, and the layers are then reconstructed layer by layer, such that adjacent layers are laser fused together. The layer thickness is generally chosen based on a consideration of accuracy vs. speed of manufacture. Initially, a steel plate is typically fixed inside the DMLS machine to serve as both a support and a heat sink. A dispenser delivers the powder to the support plate and a coater arm or blade spreads the powder on the plate. The machine software controls the laser beam focus and movement so that wherever the laser beam strikes the powder, the powder forms into a solid. The process is repeated layer by layer until the fabrication of the component, and in this particular instance, the at least one impeller 34 or the at least one diffuser 36 is completed.
It will thus be appreciated that using the DMLS method permits the monolithic design and construction of the at least one impeller 34 and the at least one diffuser 36 that were previously not producible in a reliable or economical manner.
Accordingly, disclosed is a novel electric submersible pump system, and more particularly, a novel electric submersible pump configured to provide improved contaminant tolerance and resulting increase in life span of the pump and pump components. Unlike contaminant tolerant coatings applied to metal alloy components, the lifespan made possible through the use of components manufactured by additive manufacturing techniques and configured as monolithic structures comprised of a metal matrix composite, as disclosed herein, is much longer and not limited by thickness of coating. The resulting system and pump minimize, if not eliminate, the effects of erosion, abrasion, and corrosion on component parts.
In one embodiment, the electric motor 22 is configured to operate a pump 20 in a borehole, or wellbore 12, as indicated in
In one embodiment, an ESP system 10 is provided. Referring to
In some embodiments, the ESP system 10 is installed in a geological formation 14, such as an oilfield, by drilling a hole or a wellbore 12 in a geological formation 14, for example an oilfield. The wellbore 12 maybe vertical, and may be drilled in various directions, for example, upward or horizontal. In one embodiment, the wellbore 12 is cased with a metal tubular structure referred to as the casing 16. In some embodiments, cementing between the casing 16 and the wellbore 12 may also be provided. Once the casing 16 is provided inside the wellbore 12, the casing 16 may be perforated to connect the geological formation 14 outside of the casing 16 to the inside of the casing 16. In some embodiments, an artificial lift device such as the ESP system 10 of the present disclosure may be provided to drive downhole well fluids to the surface. The ESP system 10 according to some disclosed embodiments is used in oil production to provide an artificial lift to the oil to be pumped.
An ESP system 10 may include surface components, for example, an oil platform (not shown) and sub-surface components (found in the wellbore). In one embodiment, the ESP system 10 further includes surface components such as motor controller surface cables and transformers (not shown). In one embodiment, the sub-surface components may include pumps, motor, seals, or cables.
Referring again to
In one embodiment, as indicated in
Further, as noted earlier, in one embodiment, the electric submersible pump 20 includes a housing 40, the impeller 34 and the diffuser 36, the impeller 34 and the diffuser 36 are disposed within the housing 40, as indicated in
In the disclosed embodiments, the impeller 34 and the diffuser 36 are configured as monolithic structures manufactured utilizing additive manufacturing techniques and comprised of the metal matrix composite 50, thus enabling operation in the presence of damaging contaminants, where the system 10 is exposed to these types of conditions. The metal matrix composite 50 advantageously allows for the electric submersible pump 20, and more particularly the impeller 34 and the diffuser 36 to continuously operate in environments in which contaminants are present.
This written description uses examples to disclose the disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
