Patent Grant
10760682
This application is a U.S. National stage application of International Application No. PCT/JP2015/061469, filed Apr. 14, 2015.
The present invention generally relates to a device for controlling the starting of an electrically driven vehicle, in which a drive system from an electric motor is provided with a transmission, and the transmission has, as shifting elements, engagement clutches that meshingly engage by movement from a disengaged position.
Conventionally, a device is known in which, at the time of a selection operation to the starting gear to engage a dog clutch, the electric motor is driven for a moment and the rotation thereof is transmitted to a transmission input shaft, to make it possible to switch the transmission from the neutral position to the starting gear selection position (for example, refer to Patent Document 1—Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. Hei 6(1994)-245329).
However, in the conventional device, even when trying to switch from the neutral position to the starting gear selection position by engaging a hydraulically operated dog clutch, as in the case of an automatic transmission, the electric motor is stopped and the hydraulic pressure generating pump is also stopped, when the vehicle is stopped. Consequently, there is the problem that a starting gear selection state cannot be achieved until the time of the next starting operation, when the accelerator pedal is depressed and the electric motor is activated, and thus, starting shock and start delay cannot be avoided.
In view of the problems described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a device for controlling the starting of an electrically driven vehicle, in which vehicle starting with a good response to a starting request is achieved, while suppressing starting shock when there is a starting request.
In order to achieve the object above, the electrically driven vehicle of the present invention comprises, in a drive system, an electric motor as a power source, and a transmission that changes the speed of the output from the electric motor and transmits the output to the drive wheels. The transmission has a plurality of engagement clutches as shifting elements that meshingly engage by movement from a disengaged position. In this electrically driven vehicle, assuming that, among the plurality of engagement clutches, the clutch that is meshingly engaged upon a starting request is called a start clutch, a starting controller is provided, which maintains the engagement of the start clutch for a duration that includes the vehicle being stopped and until the next starting, if the start clutch is engaged when the vehicle is stopped. The transmission has starting gear shift stages in which the start clutch is engaged. When there is a selection operation from a traveling range to a parking range or a neutral range in a vehicle stopped state, the starting controller maintains the starting gear shift stage until the next time that the traveling range is selected.
Therefore, if the start clutch is engaged when the vehicle is stopped, the engagement of the start clutch is maintained for a duration that includes when the vehicle is stopped and until the next starting. That is, when the start clutch is an engagement clutch, if the phases of the teeth are matched, it is not possible to move in the engaging direction, and it is necessary to cause an engagement after shifting the phases, which requires time. In contrast, since the start clutch is engaged in advance, if there is a starting request from a vehicle in a stopped state, the engagement operation of the start clutch, which is meshed and engaged, becomes unnecessary; therefore, starting shock is suppressed and the time required from a starting request to the vehicle starting is reduced. As a result, it is possible to achieve vehicle starting with a good response to a starting request, while suppressing the starting shock when there is a starting request.
Referring now to the drawings, a vehicle with a starting control device is illustrated.
Preferred embodiments for realizing the device for controlling the starting of an electrically driven vehicle according to the present invention is described below, based on the first and second embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
The configuration is described first. The starting control device of the first embodiment is applied to a hybrid vehicle (one example of an electrically driven vehicle) comprising, as drive system components, one engine, two motor/generators, and a multistage gear transmission having three engagement clutches. The “overall system configuration,” the “configuration of the shift control system,” the “configuration of the gear shift patterns,” and the “configuration of the starting control process” will be separately described below, regarding the configuration of the device for controlling starting of a hybrid vehicle in the first embodiment.
The drive system of the hybrid vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine ICE, a first motor/generator MG1, a second motor/generator MG2, and a multistage gear transmission 1 having three engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3, as illustrated in
The internal combustion engine ICE is, for example, a gasoline engine or a diesel engine that is disposed in a front compartment of a vehicle such that the crankshaft direction is in the vehicle width direction. This internal combustion engine ICE is connected to a transmission case 10 of the multistage gear transmission 1, and the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is connected to a first shaft 11 of the multistage gear transmission 1. The internal combustion engine ICE basically carries out an MG2 start, where the second motor/generator MG2 is used as a starter motor. However, a starter motor 2 is left in preparation for when an MG2 start using a high power battery 3 cannot be ensured, such as during extreme cold.
Both the first motor/generator MG1 and the second motor/generator MG2 are permanent magnet-type synchronous motors utilizing three-phase alternating current, having the high power battery 3 as a common power source. The stator of the first motor/generator MG1 is fixed to a case of the first motor/generator MG1, and the case is fixed to the transmission case 10 of the multistage gear transmission 1. Then, a first motor shaft integrated to a rotor of the first motor/generator MG1 is connected to a second shaft 12 of the multistage gear transmission 1. The stator of the second motor/generator MG2 is fixed to a case of the second motor/generator MG2, and the case is fixed to the transmission case 10 of the multistage gear transmission 1. Then, a second motor shaft integrated to a rotor of the second motor/generator MG2 is connected to a sixth shaft 16 of the multistage gear transmission 1. A first inverter 4, which converts direct current to three-phase alternating current during powering and converts three-phase alternating current to direct current during regeneration, is connected to a stator coil of the first motor/generator MG1, via a first AC harness 5. A second inverter 6, which converts direct current to three-phase alternating current during powering and converts three-phase alternating current to direct current during regeneration, is connected to a stator coil of the second motor/generator MG2, via a second AC harness 7. The high power battery 3, the first inverter 4, and the second inverter 6 are connected by a DC harness 8, via a junction box 9.
The multistage gear transmission 1 is a normally meshing transmission comprising a plurality of gear pairs having different transmission ratios, and comprises six gear shafts 11-16 provided with gears and disposed parallel to each other inside the transmission case 10, and three engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3 for selecting a gear pair. A first shaft 11, a second shaft 12, a third shaft 13, a fourth shaft 14, a fifth shaft 15, and a sixth shaft 16 are provided as gear shafts. A first engagement clutch C1, a second engagement clutch C2, and a third engagement clutch C3 are provided. The transmission case 10 is provided with an electric oil pump 20 that supplies lubrication oil to the meshing portions of the gears and the axle bearing portions inside the case.
The first shaft 11 is the shaft to which the internal combustion engine ICE is connected, and a first gear 101, a second gear 102, and a third gear 103 are disposed to the first shaft 11, in order from the right side in
The second shaft 12 is a shaft to which the first motor/generator MG1 is connected, and is a cylindrical shaft coaxially disposed with the axis aligned with the outer side position of the first shaft 11, with a fourth gear 104 and a fifth gear 105 disposed on the second shaft 12, in order from the right side in
The third shaft 13 is disposed on the output side of the multistage gear transmission 1, and a sixth gear 106, a seventh gear 107, an eighth gear 108, a ninth gear 109, and a tenth gear 110 are disposed on the third shaft 13, in order from the right side in
The fourth shaft 14 has both ends supported on the transmission case 10, and an eleventh gear 111, a twelfth gear 112, and a thirteenth gear 113 are disposed to the fourth shaft 14, in order from the right side in
The first engagement clutch C1 is a dog clutch interposed between the twelfth gear 112 and the thirteenth gear 113 of the fourth shaft 14, and is engaged by an engagement movement in a rotation synchronization state, by not having a synchronizing mechanism. When the first engagement clutch C1 is in a left engagement position (Left), the fourth shaft 14 and the thirteenth gear 113 are drivingly connected. When the first engagement clutch C1 is in a neutral position (N), the fourth shaft 14 and the twelfth gear 112 are released, and the fourth shaft 14 and the thirteenth gear 113 are released. When the first engagement clutch C1 is in a right engagement position (Right), the fourth shaft 14 and the twelfth gear 112 are drivingly connected.
The second engagement clutch C2 is a dog clutch interposed between the second gear 102 and the third gear 103 of the first shaft 11, and is engaged by an engagement movement in a rotation synchronization state, by not having a synchronizing mechanism. When the second engagement clutch C2 is in a left engagement position (Left), first shaft 11 and the third gear 103 are drivingly connected. When the second engagement clutch C2 is in a neutral position (N), the first shaft 11 and the second gear 102 are released, and the first shaft 11 and the third gear 103 are released. When the second engagement clutch C2 is in a right engagement position (Right), first shaft 11 and the second gear 102 are drivingly connected.
The third engagement clutch C3 is a dog clutch interposed between the ninth gear 109 and the tenth gear 110 of the third shaft 13, and is engaged by an engagement movement in a rotation synchronization state, by not having a synchronizing mechanism. When the third engagement clutch C3 is in a left engagement position (Left), the third shaft 13 and the tenth gear 110 are drivingly connected. When the third engagement clutch C3 is in a neutral position (N), the third shaft 13 and the ninth gear 109 are released, and the third shaft 13 and the tenth gear 110 are released. When the third engagement clutch C3 is in a right engagement position (Right), the third shaft 13 and the ninth gear 109 are drivingly connected. Then, a sixteenth gear 116 that meshes with the seventh gear 107 integrally provided (including integral fixing) on the third shaft 13 of the multistage gear transmission 1 is connected to left and right drive wheels 19 via the differential gear 17, and left and right drive shafts 18.
The control system of the hybrid vehicle comprises a hybrid control module 21, a motor control unit 22, a transmission control unit 23, and an engine control unit 24, as illustrated in
The hybrid control module 21 (abbreviation: “HCM”) is an integrated control means to appropriately manage the energy consumption of the entire vehicle. The hybrid control module 21 is connected to the other control units (motor control unit 22, transmission control unit 23, engine control unit 24, etc.) so as to be capable of bidirectional information exchange by a CAN communication line 25. The “CAN” in CAN communication line 25 is an abbreviation for “Controller Area Network.”
The motor control unit 22 (abbreviation: “MCU”) carries out powering control, regeneration control, and the like, of the first motor/generator MG1 and the second motor/generator MG2, by control commands to the first inverter 4 and the second inverter 6. The control modes for the first motor/generator MG1 and the second motor/generator MG2 are “torque control” and “rotational speed FB control.” In the “torque control,” a control is carried out in which the actual motor torque is caused to follow a target motor torque, when a target motor torque to be shared with respect to a target drive force is determined. In the “rotational speed FB control,” a control is carried out in which a target motor rotation speed, with which the input/output rotational speeds of the clutch are synchronized, is determined, and an FB torque is output so as to converge the actual motor rotation speed to the target motor rotation speed, when there is a gear shift request to meshingly engage any one of the engagement clutches C1, C2, or C3 during traveling.
The transmission control unit 23 (abbreviation: “TMCU”) carries out a shift control for switching the gear shift pattern of the multistage gear transmission 1, by outputting a current command to electric actuators 31, 32, and 33 (refer to
The engine control unit 24 (abbreviation: “ECU”) carries out start control of the internal combustion engine ICE, stop control of the internal combustion engine ICE, fuel cut control, and the like, by outputting a control command to the motor control unit 22, a spark plug, a fuel injection actuator, or the like, based on predetermined input information.
The multistage gear transmission 1 according to a first embodiment is characterized in that efficiency is achieved by reducing drag by employing, as shifting elements, engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3 (dog clutch) that are meshed and engaged. Then, when there is a gear shift request to meshingly engage any one of the engagement clutches C1, C2, or C3, the differential rotation speeds of the input/output of the clutch are synchronized by the first motor/generator MG1 (when the engagement clutch C3 is engaged) or the second motor/generator MG2 (when the engagement clutches C1, C2 are engaged), and an engagement stroke is started once the rotational speed falls within a synchronization determination rotational speed range, to realize the gear shift. In addition, when there is a gear shift request to release any one of the engaged engagement clutches C1, C2, or C3, the clutch transmission torque of the release clutch is reduced, and a disengagement stroke is started once the torque becomes equal to or less than a release torque determination value, to realize the gear shift. The configuration of the shift control system of the multistage gear transmission 1 is described below based on
The shift control system comprises, as engagement clutches, a first engagement clutch C1, a second engagement clutch C2, and a third engagement clutch C3, as illustrated in
The first engagement clutch C1, the second engagement clutch C2, and the third engagement clutch C3 are dog clutches that switch between a neutral position (N: disengaged position); a left engagement position (Left: left side clutch meshing engagement position); and a right engagement position (Right: right side clutch meshing engagement position). The engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3 all have the same configuration, comprising coupling sleeves 51, 52, and 53; left dog clutch rings 54, 55, and 56; and right dog clutch rings 57, 58, and 59. The coupling sleeves 51, 52, 53 are provided so as to be movable in the axial direction by a spline connection via a hub, which is not shown, fixed to the fourth shaft 14, the first shaft 11, and the third shaft 13, and have dog teeth 51a, 51b; 52a, 52b; and 53a, 53b on both sides having flat top faces. Furthermore, fork grooves 51c, 52c, and 53c are provided in the circumferential center portions of the coupling sleeves 51, 52, and 53. The left dog clutch rings 54, 55, and 56 are fixed to the boss portions of the gears 113, 103, and 110, which are left idling gears of the engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3, and have dog teeth 54a, 55a, and 56a with flat top faces that oppose the dog teeth 51a, 52a, and 53a. The right dog clutch rings 57, 58, and 59 are fixed to the boss portions of the gears 112, 102, and 109, which are right idling gears of the engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3, and have dog teeth 57b, 58b, and 59b with flat top faces that oppose the dog teeth 51b, 52b, and 53b.
The first engagement clutch operating mechanism 41, the second engagement clutch operating mechanism 42, and the third engagement clutch operating mechanism 43 convert the turning motions of the electric actuators 31, 32, and 33 into axial movement of the coupling sleeves 51, 52, and 53. The engagement clutch operating mechanisms 41, 42, and 43 all have the same configuration, comprising turning links 61, 62, and 63; shift rods 64, 65, and 66; and shift forks 67, 68, and 69. One end of each of the turning links 61, 62, and 63 is connected to one of the actuator shafts of the electric actuators 31, 32, and 33, and the other ends are connected to the shift rods 64, 65, and 66 so as to be relatively displaceable. The shift rods 64, 65, and 66 are capable of expanding and contracting according to the magnitude and the direction of the rod transmitting force, by having springs 64a, 65a, and 66a interposed in the rod dividing positions. One end of each of the shift forks 67, 68, and 69 are fixed to one of the shift rods 64, 65, and 66, and the other end is disposed in one of the fork grooves 51c, 52c, or 53c of the coupling sleeves 51, 52, and 53.
The transmission control unit 23 inputs sensor signals and switch signals from a vehicle speed sensor 71, an accelerator position opening amount sensor 72, a transmission output shaft rotational speed sensor 73, an engine rotation speed sensor 74, an MG1 rotation speed sensor 75, an MG2 rotation speed sensor 76, an inhibitor switch 77, and the like. The transmission output shaft rotational speed sensor 73 is provided on the shaft end portion of the third shaft 13 and detects the shaft rotation speed of the third shaft 13. Then, a position servo control unit (for example a position servo system by PID control) is provided, which controls mesh engagement and disengagement of the engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3, determined by the positions of the coupling sleeves 51, 52, and 53. The position servo control unit inputs sensor signals from a first sleeve position sensor 81, a second sleeve position sensor 82, and a third sleeve position sensor 83. Then, the sensor values of the sleeve position sensors 81, 82, and 83 are read, and a current is imparted to the electric actuators 31, 32, and 33 such that the positions of the coupling sleeves 51, 52, and 53 will be in the disengaged position or the engagement position according to an engagement stroke. That is, by setting an engaged state in which the dog teeth of the coupling sleeves 51, 52, and 53, and the dog teeth of the idling gears are both in engagement positions with each other, the idling gears are drivingly connected to the fourth shaft 14, the first shaft 11, and the third shaft 13. On the other hand, by setting a disengaged state in which the dog teeth of the coupling sleeves 51, 52, and 53 and the dog teeth of the idling gears are in non-engagement positions by displacing the coupling sleeves 51, 52, and 53 in the axial direction, the idling gears are disconnected from the fourth shaft 14, the first shaft 11, and the third shaft 13.
The multistage gear transmission 1 of the first embodiment is characterized in that size reduction is achieved by reducing the power transmission loss by not having a differential rotation absorbing element, such as a fluid coupling, and by reducing the gear shift stages of the ICE by providing motor assistance to the internal combustion engine ICE (EV gear shift stages: 1-2 speed, ICE gear shift stages: 1-4 speed). The configuration of the gear shift pattern of the multistage gear transmission is described below based on
A concept of a gear shift pattern is employed in which, when the vehicle speed VSP is in a starting region that is equal to, or less than, a predetermined vehicle speed VSP0, since the multistage gear transmission 1 does not have a differential rotation absorbing element, a motor start by only the motor driving force is carried out in the “EV mode,” as illustrated in
The gear shift patterns obtainable by the multistage gear transmission 1 having engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3 are as shown in
When the second engagement clutch C2 is “N” and the third engagement clutch C3 is “N,” the following gear shift patterns are obtained according to the position of the first engagement clutch C1. “EV-ICEgen” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “Left”, “Neutral” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “N”, and “EV-ICE 3rd” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “Right”. Here, the gear shift pattern “EV-ICEgen” is a pattern selected at the time of MG1 idle power generation, in which power is generated in the first motor/generator MG1 by the internal combustion engine ICE when the vehicle is stopped, or at the time of double idle power generation in which MG2 power generation is carried out in addition to MG1 power generation. The gear shift pattern “Neutral” is a pattern selected at the time of MG2 idle power generation, in which power is generated in the second motor/generator MG2 by the internal combustion engine ICE when the vehicle is stopped.
When the second engagement clutch C2 is “N” and the third engagement clutch C3 is “Left,” the following gear shift patterns are obtained according to the position of the first engagement clutch C1. “EV1st ICE 1st” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “Left”, “EV1st ICE-” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “N”, and “EV1st ICE 3rd” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “Right”. Here, the gear shift pattern “EV1st ICE-” is an “EV mode” pattern in which the internal combustion engine ICE is stopped and traveling is carried out by the first motor/generator MG1, or a “series HEV mode” pattern in which a first-speed EV traveling is carried out by the first motor/generator MG1 while power is generated in the second motor/generator MG2 by the internal combustion engine ICE. Therefore, for example when traveling while selecting the “series HEV mode” by “EV1st ICE-”, the first engagement clutch C1 is switched from “N” to “Left”, based on a deceleration due to insufficient driving force. In this case, the vehicle is transitioned to traveling by a “parallel HEV mode (first speed)” according to the “EV1st ICE 1st” gear shift pattern, in which the driving force is secured.
When the second engagement clutch C2 is “Left” and the third engagement clutch C3 is “Left”, “EV1st ICE 2nd” is obtained if the position of the first engagement clutch C1 is “N”. Therefore, for example if the driving force requirement is increased during first-speed EV traveling while selecting the “series HEV mode” by “EV1st ICE-”, the second engagement clutch C2 is switched from “N” to “Left”. In this case, the vehicle is transitioned to traveling by a “parallel HEV mode” according to the “EV1st ICE 2nd” gear shift pattern, in which the driving force is secured.
When the second engagement clutch C2 is “Left” and the third engagement clutch C3 is “N”, the following gear shift patterns are obtained according to the position of the first engagement clutch C1. “EV 1.5 ICE 2nd” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “Left”, and “EV-ICE 2nd” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “N”.
When the second engagement clutch C2 is “Left” and the third engagement clutch C3 is “Right”, “EV 2nd ICE 2nd” is obtained if the position of the first engagement clutch C1 is “N”. Therefore, for example, when traveling in the “parallel HEV mode” while selecting the “EV1st ICE 2nd” gear shift pattern, the third engagement clutch C3 is switched from “Left” to “Right” via “N” according to an up-shift request. In this case, the vehicle is transitioned to traveling by the “parallel HEV mode” according to the “EV 2nd ICE 2nd” gear shift pattern, in which the EV gear shift stage is set to second speed. For example when traveling in the “parallel HEV mode” while selecting the “EV 2nd ICE 4th” gear shift pattern, the second engagement clutch C2 is switched from “Right” to “Left” via “N” according to a downshift request. In this case, the vehicle is transitioned to traveling by the “parallel HEV mode” according to the “EV 2nd ICE 2nd” gear shift pattern, in which the ICE gear shift stage is set to second speed.
When the second engagement clutch C2 is “N” and the third engagement clutch C3 is “Right”, the following gear shift patterns are obtained according to the position of the first engagement clutch C1. “EV 2nd ICE 3rd” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “Left”, “EV 2nd ICE-” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “N” and “EV 2nd ICE 3rd” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “Right”. Here, the gear shift pattern “EV 2nd ICE-” is an “EV mode” pattern in which the internal combustion engine ICE is stopped and traveling is carried out by the first motor/generator MG1, or, a “series HEV mode” pattern in which a second-speed EV traveling is carried out by the first motor/generator MG1 while power is generated in the second motor/generator MG2 by the internal combustion engine ICE. Therefore, for example when traveling in the “parallel HEV mode” while selecting the “EV 2nd ICE 2nd” gear shift pattern, the second engagement clutch C2 is switched from “Right” to “N” and the first engagement clutch C1 is switched from “N” to “Right”, according to an up-shift request. In this case, the vehicle is transitioned to traveling by the “parallel HEV mode” according to the “EV 2nd ICE 3rd” gear shift pattern, in which the ICE gear shift stage is set to third speed.
When the second engagement clutch C2 is “Right” and the third engagement clutch C3 is “Right”, “EV 2nd ICE 4th” is obtained if the position of the first engagement clutch C1 is “N”.
When the second engagement clutch C2 is “Right” and the third engagement clutch C3 is “N”, the following gear shift patterns are obtained according to the position of the first engagement clutch C1. “EV 2.5 ICE 4th” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “Left”, and “EV-ICE 4th” is obtained if the first engagement clutch C1 is “N”.
When the second engagement clutch C2 is “Right” and the third engagement clutch C3 is “Left”, “EV1st ICE 4th” is obtained if the position of the first engagement clutch C1 is “N”.
In Step S1, it is determined whether or not traveling is being carried out by selecting the “EV2nd” gear shift pattern. In the case of YES (traveling by EV2nd), the process proceeds to Step S2, and if NO (traveling by other than EV2nd), the determination of Step S1 is repeated. Here, a gear shift pattern according to “EV2nd” is determined when the sensor signals from the first sleeve position sensor 81 and the second sleeve position sensor 82 indicate the “N” position, and the sensor signal from the third sleeve position sensor 83 indicates the “Right” position.
In Step S2, following a determination that traveling is being carried out by selecting the “EV2nd” gear shift pattern in Step S1, it is determined whether or not deceleration has started. In the case of YES (deceleration started), the process proceeds to Step S3, and if NO (deceleration has not started), the determination of Step S2 is repeated. Here, a deceleration start is determined from a decrease in the vehicle speed, a foot release operation, a brake depression operation, or the like.
In Step S3, following a determination that deceleration has started in Step S2, it is determined whether or not it is an EV2nd→EV1st downshift start, in which the gear shift pattern is switched from “EV2nd” to “EV1st.” In the case of YES (EV2nd→EV1st downshift start), the process proceeds to Step S4, and if NO (not EV2nd→EV1st downshift start), the determination of Step S3 is repeated. Here, an EV2nd→EV1st downshift start is determined from the presence/absence of a shift request to switch the gear shift pattern from “EV2nd” to “EV1st”.
In Step S4, following a determination that it is EV2nd→EV1st downshift start in Step S3, it is determined whether or not the vehicle is in s stopped state. In the case of YES (vehicle stop), the process proceeds to Step S5, and if NO (traveling), the determination of Step S4 is repeated. Here, a vehicle stopped state is determined when a vehicle speed signal from the vehicle speed sensor 71 indicates a vehicle stopped state.
In Step S5, following the determination of a vehicle stopped state in Step S4, it is determined whether or not downshift to “EV1st” has been completed. In the case of YES (downshift to EV1st completed), the process proceeds to Step S6, and if NO (downshift to EV1st not completed), the process proceeds to Step S11. Here, a completion of downshift to “EV1st” is determined when the sensor signals from the first sleeve position sensor 81 and the second sleeve position sensor 82 indicate the “N” position, and the sensor signal from the third sleeve position sensor 83 indicates the “Left” position. If the sensor signal from the third sleeve position sensor 83 has not reached the “Left” position, shifting to “EV1st” is determined to be incomplete.
In Step S6, following a determination downshift to “EV1st” has been completed in Step S5, it is determined whether or not there has been a selection operation by a lever operation of the driver from the “D range” to the “P range” or the “N range”. In the case of YES (selection operation to P, N present), the process proceeds to Step S7, and if NO (selection operation to P, N absent), the process proceeds to Step S10. Here, a selection operation from the “D range” to the “P range” or the “N range” is determined from a switch signal from the inhibitor switch 77.
In Step S7, following the determination that a selection operation to P, N is present in Step S6, or the determination that a selection operation to the D range is absent in Step S8, “EV1st” is maintained as the gear shift pattern of the multistage gear transmission 1, and the process proceeds to Step S8. Here, maintaining “EV1st” means to maintain a state in which both the first engagement clutch C1 and the second engagement clutch C2 are put in the “N” position, and the third engagement clutch C3 is put in the “Left” position.
In Step S8, following the maintenance of “EV1st” in Step S7, it is determined whether or not there has been a selection operation by a lever operation of the driver from the “P range” or the “N range” to the “D range.” In the case of YES (selection operation to D present), the process proceeds to Step S9, and if NO (selection operation to D absent), the process returns to Step S7. Here, a selection operation from the “P range” or the “N range” to the “D range” is determined from a switch signal from the inhibitor switch 77.
In Step S9, following the determination that a selection operation to the “D range” is present in Step S8, the vehicle is started in “EV1st” maintained in Step S7, and the process proceeds to End.
In Step S10, following the determination that a selection operation to P, N is absent (=D range) in Step S6, the vehicle is started in “EV1st” to which downshift is completed, and the process proceeds to End.
In Step S11, following the determination that a downshift to “EV1st” has not been completed in Step S5, the gear shift pattern is returned to “EV2nd” before downshift is started, and the process proceeds to Step S12. That is, if the sensor signal from the third sleeve position sensor 83 has not reached the “Left” position, the coupling sleeve 53 is returned from the position at the time of the determination of a vehicle stop to the “Right” position, in the reverse direction.
In Step S12, following the return operation to “EV2nd” in Step S11, it is determined whether or not there has been a selection operation by a lever operation of the driver from the “D range” to the “P range” or the “N range.” In the case of YES (selection operation to P, N present), the process proceeds to Step S13, and if NO (selection operation to P, N absent), the process proceeds to Step S16. Here, a selection operation from the “D range” to the “P range” or the “N range” is determined from a switch signal from the inhibitor switch 77.
In Step S13, following the determination that a selection operation to P, N is present in Step S12, or, the determination that a selection operation to the D range is absent in Step S14, “EV2nd” is maintained as the gear shift pattern of the multistage gear transmission 1, and the process proceeds to Step S14. Here, maintaining “EV2nd” means to maintain a state in which both the first engagement clutch C1 and the second engagement clutch C2 are in the “N” position, and the third engagement clutch C3 is in the “Right” position.
In Step S14, following the maintenance of “EV2nd” in Step S13, it is determined whether or not there has been a selection operation by a lever operation of the driver from the “P range” or the “N range” to the “D range.” In the case of YES (selection operation to D present), the process proceeds to Step S15, and if NO (selection operation to D absent), the process returns to Step S13. Here, a selection operation from the “P range” or the “N range” to the “D range” is determined from a switch signal from the inhibitor switch 77.
In Step S15, following the determination that a selection operation to the “D range” is present in Step S14, the vehicle is started in “EV2nd” maintained in Step S13, and the process proceeds to End.
In Step S16, following the determination that a selection operation to P, N is absent (=D range) in Step S12, the vehicle is restarted in “EV2nd” to which it is returned in Step S11, and the process proceeds to End.
Next, the actions are described. The “action of the starting control process”, “action of the starting control”, and the “characteristic action of the starting control” will be separately described, regarding the actions of the device for controlling starting of a hybrid vehicle according to the first embodiment.
The action of the starting control process, in which deceleration and shifting is started in an EV traveling state according to the “EV2nd” gear shift pattern to stop the vehicle, and the vehicle carries out an EV start from the vehicle stopped state, will be described below, based on the flowchart of
When deceleration is started in an EV traveling state according to a selection of the “EV2nd” gear shift pattern, and a downshift to switch the gear shift pattern from “EV2nd” to “EV1st” during deceleration is started, the process proceeds from Step S1→Step S2→Step S3→Step S4, in the flowchart of
Then, when it is determined in Step S4 that a vehicle stopped state has been reached, it is determined whether or not shifting to “EV1st” has been completed in the subsequent Step S5. When it is determined in Step S5 that downshift to “EV1st” has been completed, the process proceeds to Step S6-Step S10, in which “EV1st” after the downshift is maintained. On the other hand, when it is determined in Step S5 that downshift to “EV1st” has not been completed, the process proceeds to Step S11-Step S16, in which “EV2nd” before the downshift is maintained.
In the flow proceeding from Step S6 to Step S10, for example, when there is a selection operation from the “D range” to the “P range” or the “N range” with the intention of stopping the vehicle for a long time or parking for a long time, the process proceeds from Step S6 to Step S7→Step S8. Then, until a selection operation to the “D range” is determined in Step S8, the flow proceeding from Step S7→Step S8 is repeated, and in Step S7, “EV1st” is maintained as the gear shift pattern of the multistage gear transmission 1.
Then, when a selection operation to the “D range,” which is a starting request, is determined in Step S8, the process proceeds from Step S8 to Step S9→End, and in Step S9, “EV1st” maintained in Step S7 is set as the starting gear shift pattern to start the vehicle according to a brake foot release operation and an accelerator depression operation. On the other hand, if a selection operation is not carried out keeping the “D range,” for example when waiting for a traffic light, during which the vehicle is stopped for a short time, the process proceeds from Step S6 to Step S10→End. In this Step S10, “EV1st” to which the downshift has been completed is set as the starting gear shift pattern, to restart the vehicle according to a brake foot release operation and an accelerator depression operation.
In the flow proceeding from Step S11 to Step S16, first, when it is determined in Step S5 that shifting to “EV1st” has not been completed, the process proceeds from Step S5 to Step S11, and in Step S11, the gear shift pattern is returned to “EV2nd” before downshift is started. Then, for example, when there is a selection operation from the “D range” to the “P range” or the “N range” with the intention of stopping the vehicle for a long time or parking for a long time, the process proceeds from Step S12 to Step S13→Step S14. Then, until a selection operation to the “D range” is determined in Step S14, the flow proceeding from Step S13→Step S14 is repeated, and in Step S13, “EV2nd” is maintained as the gear shift pattern of the multistage gear transmission 1.
Then, when a selection operation to the “D range,” which is a starting request, is determined in Step S14, the process proceeds from Step S14 to Step S15→End, and in Step S15, “EV2nd” maintained in Step S13 is set as the starting gear shift pattern to start the vehicle according to a brake foot release operation and an accelerator depression operation. On the other hand, if a selection operation is not carried out keeping the “D range,” for example when waiting for a traffic light, during which the vehicle is stopped for a short time, the process proceeds from Step S12 to Step S16→End. In this Step S16, “EV2nd” to which it is returned in Step S11 is set as the starting gear shift pattern, to restart the vehicle according to a brake foot release operation and an accelerator depression operation.
The action of the starting control accompanied by a downshift to switch the gear shift pattern from “EV2nd” to “EV1st” will be described below, based on
First, the flow of the MG1 torque in the multistage gear transmission 1 when the “EV2nd” gear shift pattern is selected will be described based on
Next, the flow of the MG1 torque in the multistage gear transmission 1 when the “EV1st” gear shift pattern is selected will be described based on
Therefore, a downshift in which the gear shift pattern is switched from “EV2nd” to “EV1st” is achieved by moving the coupling sleeve 53 of the third engagement clutch C3 from the “Right” engagement position to the “Left” engagement position via the “N” position. At this time, the first engagement clutch C1 and the second engagement clutch C2 are kept in the “N” positions.
The action of the starting control accompanied by a downshift by switching the gear shift pattern from “EV2nd” to “EV1st” will be described below, based on
When there is a downshift request to switch the gear shift pattern from “EV2nd” to “EV1st” during deceleration, a release command is output to the MG1 2nd clutch at time t1, and the release of the MG1 2nd clutch is completed at time t2. Between time t2 to time t3, the coupling sleeve 53 of the third engagement clutch C3 is in a position that is not engaged to the MG1 1st clutch side or to the MG1 2nd clutch side, and the multistage gear transmission 1 is in the neutral state. Therefore, the rotational speed of the first motor/generator MG1 increases as the motor load decreases between time t2 to time t3.
Then, an engagement command is output to the MG1 1st clutch at time t3, and the engagement of the MG1 1st clutch is completed at time t4, which is during deceleration. Between this time t4 to time t5, the rotational speed of the first motor/generator MG1 decreases as the vehicle speed decreases, and at the vehicle stop time t5, the rotational speed of the first motor/generator MG1 becomes zero.
Since shifting to “EV1st” is completed at this vehicle stop time t5, between time t5 and time t6, when the vehicle is in the D range, “EV1st” by the engagement of the MG1 1st clutch is maintained as the starting gear shift stage. Then, when there is a selection operation from the D range to the P range or the N range at time t6, in the case of a normal shift control method, the MG1 1st clutch is released (dashed line of
When there is a downshift request to switch the gear shift pattern from “EV2nd” to “EV1st” during deceleration immediately before the vehicle stops, a release command is output to the MG1 2nd clutch at time t1, but the vehicle stops at time t2 without waiting for the completion of the release of the MG1 2nd clutch. Therefore, a return engagement command of the MG1 2nd clutch is output at the vehicle stop time t2, and the return engagement of the MG1 2nd clutch is completed at time t3. That is, it is returned to the gear shift stage of “EV2nd” before the downshift, in which the coupling sleeve 53 of the third engagement clutch C3 engages the MG1 2nd clutch side.
Then, since the shift return to “EV2nd” is completed at time t3, between time t3 and time t4, when the vehicle is in the D range, “EV2nd” by the engagement of the MG1 2nd clutch is maintained as the starting gear shift stage. Then, when there is a selection operation from the D range to the P range or the N range at time t4, in the case of a normal shift control method, the MG1 2nd clutch is released (dashed line of
The first embodiment is configured such that, if the third engagement clutch C3 is engaged when the vehicle is stopped, the engagement of the third engagement clutch C3 is maintained for a duration that includes the vehicle stopped state and until the next starting.
That is, when the start clutch is the engagement clutch, if the phases of the top faces of the dog teeth are matched with each other, movement in the engaging direction is not possible; if a forcible engagement is attempted, starting shock occurs due to fluctuation of the transmission torque when the dog teeth come into contact, or during the initial stages of meshing. In order to suppress the starting shock, it is necessary to cause an engagement after shifting the phases, which requires time. Consequently, when trying to start by carrying out an engagement operation of the engagement clutch when the vehicle is stopped, it is necessary to wait until the meshing engagement is completed, so the vehicle cannot start promptly. In contrast, by the third engagement clutch C3 being engaged in advance, when there is a starting request from a stopped vehicle, an engagement operation of the third engagement clutch C3, which is meshed and engaged, becomes unnecessary. Therefore, starting shock is suppressed, and the time required from a starting request to the starting of the vehicle is reduced. Therefore, even if there is a request for a quick start, a corresponding quick starting response can be secured.
For example, when passing the N range from the P range in an uphill sloped road, or when selecting the N range from the P range, the vehicle falls backward in the N range, which cuts off the power transmission path. In the same manner, the vehicle slides forward in the N range on a downhill sloped road. In contrast, the engagement of the third engagement clutch C3, which is engaged when the vehicle stops, is maintained for a duration that includes the vehicle being stopped and until the next starting. Accordingly, even when carrying out an operation that passes the N range, or an operation for selecting the N range in a vehicle stopped on a sloped road, the power transmission path is not cut off, and the sliding down of the vehicle is prevented.
The first embodiment is configured such that when there is a selection operation from the D range to the P range or the N range in a stopped vehicle, a starting gear shift stage according to “EV1st” or “EV2nd” is maintained until the next time the D range is selected (S7 S13). Therefore, even when there is a request for a quick start from the P range or the N range, the time required from a selection operation to the D range to the starting of the vehicle is reduced.
The first embodiment is configured in the following manner: first, it is assumed that a downshift control from “EV2nd” to “EV1st” is started during deceleration before a vehicle stops, and the downshift to “EV1st” is completed at the time of the vehicle stop. In this case, if there is a selection operation from the D range to the P, N range in the stopped vehicle, the “EV1st” after the downshift is maintained until the next time the D range is selected (S5→S6→S7→S8). Therefore, when the downshift to “EV1st” is completed at the time of the vehicle stop, an EV start by “EV1st,” with a high start drive performance can be secured with respect to the next starting request.
In the first embodiment, next it is assumed that a downshift control from “EV2nd” to “EV1st” is started during deceleration before a vehicle stop, and the downshift to “EV1st” is not completed at the time the vehicle stops. In this case, it is returned to “EV2nd” before the downshift, and if there is a selection operation from the D range to the P range or the N range when the vehicle is stopped, the “EV2nd” to which it is returned, is maintained until the next time the D range is selected (S5→S1→S12→S13→S14). Therefore, when the downshift to “EV1st” is not completed at the time the vehicle stops, an EV start by “EV2nd” can be secured with respect to the next starting request.
In the first embodiment, if a selection operation to another range (P, N range) is not carried out maintaining the D range when the vehicle is stopped, the vehicle is started by a starting gear shift stage according to “EV1st” or “EV2nd” (S6→S10, S12→S16). Therefore, the time required from a starting request operation to a restart is reduced, with respect to a request for a quick restart in which a selection operation for changing the range position is not carried out.
In the first embodiment, the transmission is a multistage gear transmission 1 of a hybrid vehicle. This multistage gear transmission 1 is configured to comprise a third engagement clutch C3 that selects “EV1st” when the movement direction of the coupling sleeve 53 from the N position is in one direction, and selects “EV2nd” when in another direction, carries out an EV start by not having a differential rotation absorbing element (
Next, the effects are described. The effects listed below can be obtained by the device for controlling starting of a hybrid vehicle according to the first embodiment.
(1) In an electrically driven vehicle (hybrid vehicle) in which a drive system is provided with an electric motor (first motor/generator MG1) as a power source, a transmission (multistage gear transmission 1) that converts an output from the electric motor (first motor/generator MG1) and transmits the output to drive wheels 19, in which the transmission (multistage gear transmission 1) has engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3 as shifting elements that meshingly engage by a stroke from a disengaged position, wherein assuming that, among the engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3, the clutch that is meshingly engaged when there is a starting request is called a start clutch (third engagement clutch C3), a starting controller (transmission control unit 23,
(2) The transmission (multistage gear transmission 1) has starting gear shift stages (“EV1st”, “EV2nd”) in which the start clutch (MG1 1st clutch, MG1 2nd clutch) is engaged, and when there is a selection operation from a traveling range (D range) to a parking range (P range) or a neutral range (N range) when a vehicle is stopped, the starting controller (transmission control unit 23,
(3) The transmission is a multistage transmission (multistage gear transmission 1) having a first gear stage (“EV1st”) in which a first start clutch (MG1 1st clutch) is engaged and a second gear stage (“EV2nd”) in which a second start clutch (MG1 2nd clutch) is engaged, and when a downshift control from the second gear stage (“EV2nd”) to the first gear stage (“EV1st”) is started during deceleration before the vehicle stops, and the downshift to the first gear stage (“EV1st”) is completed at the time of the vehicle stop, if there is a selection operation from the traveling range (D range) to the parking range (P range) or the neutral range (N range) in a vehicle stopped state, the starting controller (transmission control unit 23,
(4) The transmission is a multistage transmission (multistage gear transmission 1) having a first gear stage (“EV1st”) in which a first start clutch (MG1 1st clutch) is engaged and a second gear stage (“EV2nd”) in which a second start clutch (MG1 2nd clutch) is engaged, and when a downshift control from the second gear stage (“EV2nd”) to the first gear stage (“EV1st”) is started during deceleration before the vehicle stops, and the downshift to the first gear stage (“EV1st”) is not completed at the time of the vehicle stop, it is returned to the second gear stage (“EV2nd”) before the downshift, and if there is a selection operation from the traveling range (D range) to the parking range (P range) or the neutral range (N range) when the vehicle is stopped, the starting controller (transmission control unit 23,
(5) The transmission (multistage gear transmission 1) has starting gear shift stages (“EV1st,” “EV2nd”) in which the start clutch (MG1 1st clutch and MG1 2nd clutch of the third engagement clutch C3) is engaged, and if a selection operation to another range (P, N range) is not carried out maintaining the traveling range (D range) when the vehicle is stopped, the starting controller (transmission control unit 23,
(6) The electrically driven vehicle is a hybrid vehicle comprising an electric motor (first motor/generator MG1, second motor/generator MG2) and an internal combustion engine ICE as power sources, wherein the transmission is a multistage gear transmission 1 comprising an engagement clutch (third engagement clutch C3) that selects an EV first gear stage (“EV1st”) when a movement direction of the coupling sleeve 53 from the neutral position (N position) is in one direction, and selects an EV second gear stage (“EV2nd”) when in another direction, and carries out an EV start by not having a differential rotation absorbing element. Accordingly, in addition to the effects of (1) to (5), upon an EV start in a hybrid vehicle, an EV start selecting the “EV1st” or “EV2nd” gear shift pattern having a common coupling sleeve 53 is secured.
The second embodiment is an example in which the starting control device is applied to an electrically driven vehicle instead of the hybrid vehicle of the first embodiment.
The configuration is described first. The starting control device of the second embodiment is applied to an electrically driven vehicle (one example of an electrically driven vehicle), comprising, as drive system components, one motor/generator and a two speed gear transmission having one engagement clutch. The “overall system configuration” of the device for controlling starting of an electrically driven vehicle in the second embodiment will be described below.
The drive system of the electrically driven vehicle comprises a motor/generator MG and a two-speed gear transmission 1′ having one engagement clutch C, as illustrated in
The motor/generator MG is a permanent magnet type synchronous motor utilizing a three-phase alternating current, having a high power battery 3′ as a power source. The stator of the motor/generator MG is fixed to a case of the motor/generator MG, and the case is fixed to a transmission case 10′ of the two speed gear transmission 1′. Then, a motor shaft integrated to a rotor of the motor/generator MG is connected to a first shaft 11′ of the two speed gear transmission 1′. An inverter 4′, which converts direct current to three-phase alternating current during powering and converts three-phase alternating current to direct current during regeneration, is connected to a stator coil of the motor/generator MG, via an AC harness 5′. The high power battery 3′ and the inverter 4′ are connected by a DC harness 8′, via a junction box 9′.
The two-speed gear transmission 1′ is a normally meshing transmission comprising two gear pairs having different transmission ratios, and comprises two gear shafts provided with gears and disposed parallel to each other inside the transmission case 10′, and one engagement clutch C for selecting a gear pair. A first shaft 11′ and a third shaft 13′ are provided as gear shafts.
The first shaft 11′ is a shaft to which the motor/generator MG is connected, and a second gear 102′ and a third gear 103′ are disposed to the first shaft 11′, in order from the right side in
The third shaft 13′ is disposed on the output side of the two-speed gear transmission 1′, and a sixth gear 106′, a seventh gear 107′, and an eighth gear 108′ are disposed on the third shaft 13′, in order from the right side in
The engagement clutch C is a dog clutch interposed between the second gear 102′ and the third gear 103′ of the first shaft 11′, and is engaged by an engagement stroke in a rotation synchronization state, by not having a synchronizing mechanism. When the engagement clutch C is in a left engagement position (Left), the first shaft 11′ and the third gear 103′ are drivingly connected. When the engagement clutch C is in a neutral position (N), the first shaft 11′ and the second gear 102′ are released, and the first shaft 11′ and the third gear 103′ are released. When the engagement clutch C is in a right engagement position (Right), the second gear 102′ and the first shaft 11′ are drivingly connected. Then, a sixteenth gear 116′ that meshes with the seventh gear 107′ provided on the third shaft 13′ of the two-speed gear transmission 1′ is connected to left and right drive wheels 19′ via the differential gear 17′, and left and right drive shafts 18′.
The control system of the electrically driven vehicle comprises a motor control unit 22′ and a transmission control unit 23′, as illustrated in
The motor control unit 22′ (abbreviation: “MCU”) carries out powering control, regeneration control, and the like, of the motor/generator MG by control commands to the inverter 4′.
The transmission control unit 23′ (abbreviation: “TMCU”) carries out a shift control for switching the gear shift stage of the two-speed gear transmission 1′, by outputting a current command to an electric actuator, which is not shown, based on predetermined input information. In this shift control, the engagement clutch C is selectively mesh engaged/released to correspond with the third engagement clutch C3 of the first embodiment, and a gear pair involved in power transmission is selected from the two gear pairs. A low gear shift stage (selection of the gear pair comprising the third gear 103′ and the eighth gear 108′) and a high gear shift stage (selection of the gear pair comprising the second gear 102′ and the sixth gear 106′) are thereby obtained.
Regarding the “configuration of the shift control system” in the device for controlling starting of an electrically driven vehicle according to the second embodiment, the engagement clutch C becomes one configuration of the first embodiment shown in
The effects listed below can be obtained by the device for controlling starting of an electrically driven vehicle according to the second embodiment.
(7) The electrically driven vehicle is an electric automobile comprising only an electric motor (motor/generator MG) as a power source, wherein the transmission is a two-speed gear transmission 1′ comprising an engagement clutch C that selects a “low gear shift stage” when a movement direction of a coupling sleeve from a neutral position (N position) is in one direction, and selects a “high gear shift stage” when in another direction. Accordingly, in addition to the effects of (1) to (5) described above, it is possible to secure a start by selecting a “low gear shift stage” or a “high gear shift stage” having a common coupling sleeve when starting with an electrically driven vehicle, while simplifying the configuration of the transmission (two speed gear transmission 1′)
The device for controlling starting of an electrically driven vehicle of the present invention was described above based on the first embodiment and the second embodiment, but specific configurations thereof are not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications and additions to the design can be made without departing from the scope of the invention according to each claim in the claims.
In the first and second embodiments, an example was shown in which, when a down-shift control from “EV2nd” to “EV1st” is started during deceleration, a starting controller (
In the first embodiment, an example was shown in which the transmission comprises three engagement clutches C1, C2 and C3, and is a normally meshing multistage gear transmission 1 having a plurality of gear pairs with different transmission ratios. In the second embodiment, an example was shown in which the transmission comprises one engagement clutch C, and is a normally meshing two-speed gear transmission 1′ having two gear pairs with different transmission ratios. However, the transmission is not limited to the multistage gear transmission 1 or the two-speed gear transmission 1′ shown in the first and second embodiments, and may be any transmission that achieves at least one gear shift stage, and that has, as a shifting element, an engagement clutch that meshes and engages due to movement from a disengaged position.
In the first embodiment, an example was shown in which the starting control device of the present invention is applied to a hybrid vehicle comprising, as drive system components, one engine, two motor/generators, and a multistage gear transmission having three engagement clutches. In the second embodiment, an example was shown in which the starting control device of the present invention is applied to an electrically driven vehicle comprising, as drive system components, one motor/generator and a two speed gear transmission having one engagement clutch. However, the starting control device of the present invention may be applied to electrically driven vehicles such as other types of hybrid vehicles, electrically driven vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles, as long as the electrically driven vehicle comprises, in the drive system, an electric motor as a power source, and a transmission having at least one engagement clutch.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/061469 | 4/14/2015 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016/166814 | 10/20/2016 | WO | A |
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| 2014103572 | Jul 2014 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180106365 A1 | Apr 2018 | US |
