21 In the resource recovery industry seals of various types are often utilized for many different types of operations. Generally speaking, each type of seal is of different dimension and requires a dedicated setting tool. The result is a wide variety and large number of tools required to keep on hand for various operations. Add to this that each manufacturer also has its own paradigm and the number of tools to maintain on hand increases substantially. Cost and logistic efficiency are always important to businesses and perhaps even more so in the resource recovery industry simply because the locations for recovery are widespread and generally difficult to access. Reducing the number of different required tools would improve both cost and logistics and would be well received by the art.
A downhole seal includes a field responsive shape changeable material configured as a layer having a first surface and a second surface, a first field generating electrode disposed in operable communication with the first surface, a second field generating electrode disposed in operable communication with the second surface.
The following descriptions should not be considered limiting in any way. With reference to the accompanying drawings, like elements are numbered alike:
A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and method are presented herein by way of exemplification and not limitation with reference to the Figures.
Referring to
Referring to
The material 14 is of a type that reacts to an applied field, such as an electric or magnetic field. In an embodiment of the present teaching, the material 14 is configured and positioned to react to an applied field (illustrated as an electric field applying a voltage to the material 14) to lengthen and thin itself. In such a condition, the seal 10 is easier to run in the hole. As so configured, the material 14 will resume a shape, after removal of the filed that is shorter and thicker (the shape it had prior to the application of the field). This is beneficial not only because it facilitates running the seal 10 to target but also because, by definition, the requirement for the filed to be applied in order to run the seal 10 and removed for setting the seal 10 means that no particular impetus need be maintained to keep the seal 10 set. The seal 10 sets and stays set without maintenance of any field thereon.
Referring to
Using an electroactive composite can also reduce the electrical voltage required to generate the target shape or dimensional change of material 14 for downhole seal applications. Referring to
The polymer matrix can include fluoro elastomers, which are electroactive and corrosion resistant. The polymer matrix can be present in an amount of about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % or about 40 wt % to about 70 wt % based on the total weight of the electroactive composite.
The surface treated electroactive enhancement filler 70 has a core 60 and a surface coating 50. Examples of the filler include Ni, Cu, TiO2, PbTiO3, BaTiO3, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. The filler can be present in the form of powders. In an embodiment, the filler comprises particles having a size of about 10 nm to about 100 μm. The filler can have a higher surface energy than the polymer matrix. Without surface treatment, the filler tends to agglomerate when dispersed in the polymer matrix. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the conglomeration of the filler could cause electrical breakdown, limiting the maximum voltage that could be applied on material 14. It has been found that organic molecules 55 such as ligands and surfactants can be coated on filler 65 before the filler is dispersed in the polymer matrix. One end of these organic molecules 61 is polarized and can bond to the surface of the filler 65 forming a surface coating 50. The coating functions as an insulting layer keeping the filler particles apart. The other end 62 of the organic molecules is not polarized, and has strong affinity to the polymer matrix, thus allowing the surface treated enhancement filler 70 to be uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The surface treated enhancement filler increases the dielectric constant of the polymer matrix. Based on the electroactive performance equation, σM=εε0E2 where σM is the strain of an electroactive material under a voltage, is dielectric constant, and H is electrical intensity, the increased dielectric constant lowers the voltage required to change the dimension or shape of material 14.
Referring to
In addition to the dimensional considerations of the material 14 discussed above, it is also prudent to provide a transformer in close proximity to the seal during deployment and another transformer at a power source so that greater flexibility of voltage versus current being transported through the borehole is achieved. This is beneficial for regulatory issues and efficiency relative to conductor sizes required.
Referring to
In some embodiments, referring to
Set forth below are some embodiments of the foregoing disclosure:
A downhole seal including a field responsive shape changeable material configured as a layer having a first surface and a second surface, a first field generating electrode disposed in operable communication with the first surface, and a second field generating electrode disposed in operable communication with the second surface.
The seal as in any prior embodiment further including a mechanical backup.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the mechanical backup is a body lock ring.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the body lock ring is configured to move automatically with the field responsive shape changeable material in a single direction.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the seal further comprises a mandrel upon which the material is mounted.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the mandrel is solid.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the mandrel is hollow.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are insulated from operable communication with the opposite of the first and second surfaces.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the seal further comprises an additional layer of material disposed to isolate one of the first and second electrodes from the opposite of the first and second surfaces.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the additional layer of material is an electroactive polymer or an electroactive polymer composite.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the first field generating electrode is of a first polarity and the second field generating electrode is of an opposite polarity to the first polarity.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the field is an electric field.
The seal as in any prior embodiment, wherein the field responsive shape changeable material changes shape upon energization of the first and second electrodes.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the field responsive shape changeable material is an electroactive polymer or an electroactive polymer composite.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the field responsive shape changeable material is an electroactive polymer composite, which comprises a surface treated electroactive enhancement filler dispersed in a polymer matrix.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the surface treated electroactive enhancement filler comprises an inorganic core and a surface coating disposed on the inorganic core.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the seal is configured in a tubular shape.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the seal is configured in a spiral shape.
The seal as in any prior embodiment wherein the spiral includes a hollow defined by the material.
A method for sealing a downhole structure including energizing the first and second electrodes of the seal as in any prior embodiment, changing shape of the seal as a result of the energizing, running the seal to a target location, de-energizing the first and second electrodes, and reversing the change of shape of the seal as a result of the de-energizing.
The method as in any prior embodiment wherein the changing shape is elongating and thinning the seal.
The method as in any prior embodiment wherein the reversing the change of shape is shortening and thickening of the seal.
The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Further, it should be noted that the terms “first,” “second,” and the like herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The modifier “about” used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the stated value and has the meaning dictated by the context (e.g., it includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity).
The teachings of the present disclosure may be used in a variety of well operations. These operations may involve using one or more treatment agents to treat a formation, the fluids resident in a formation, a wellbore, and/or equipment in the wellbore, such as production tubing. The treatment agents may be in the form of liquids, gases, solids, semi-solids, and mixtures thereof. Illustrative treatment agents include, but are not limited to, fracturing fluids, acids, steam, water, brine, anti-corrosion agents, cement, permeability modifiers, drilling muds, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, tracers, flow improvers etc. Illustrative well operations include, but are not limited to, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation, tracer injection, cleaning, acidizing, steam injection, water flooding, cementing, etc.
While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims. Also, in the drawings and the description, there have been disclosed exemplary embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms may have been employed, they are unless otherwise stated used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention therefore not being so limited.
This application claims the benefit of an earlier filing date from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/634,528, filed Feb. 23, 2018, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62634528 | Feb 2018 | US |