The present invention relates to the domain of electrochemical pump for relieving gas pressure, and more particularly to an electrochemical pump unit of mesh combined electrode using electrochemical pump of mesh electrode.
The treatment of many chronic diseases requires accurately controlled dosage of drugs, the drug or therapeutic agent is applied hypodermically at continuous or specific time intervals. Additionally, some treatments require a shot volume larger than 1 ml, exceeding the limit of the injection volume of the existing hypodermic injection device, and the injection speed is too fast (several seconds) or too slow (several hours); for example, the shot volume of intravenous injection of traditional protein drugs is usually larger than 30 mL, even 250 mL, the injection time is 30 minutes to several hours.
Many wearable drug pump units are driven by stepping motors (or similar components for rotating gears), but their motion is discrete (one step each time), not continuous. Therefore, the basic delivery flow provided by the stepping motor is discrete (one droplet each time), For example, the basic speed within 5 to 5000 nl/min (typical dosage regimen of insulin) has discrete delivery of 5 mL each time, the speed is one delivery per hour to one thousand deliveries per hour, the injection of 1 mL usually exceeds 3-6 hours, this injection speed is too slow to meet the patients' requirement (5-10 minutes).
The interdigital microelectrodes are extensively used in electrochemical sensors and actuators, due to the static friction of bubbles (surface tension between bubbles and electrode), these 2D electrodes are actually difficult to discharge the gas generated on the microelectrode surface. The static friction of bubbles increases the total voltage (resistance) between anode and cathode of plane electrode, and increases the power consumption of control circuit. The addition of hydrophilic material (e.g. high water absorption material) contributes to effectively removing the bubbles generated on the electrode surface, so as to reduce the electrode voltage and power consumption. This adsorbing material can effectively remove gas in medium and low gas production conditions (<100 μL/min), However, when higher gas removal rate (>100 μL/min) is required, a new electrode chamber design with higher gas removal rate is required.
The existing electrochemical pump usually uses two plate electrodes to generate gas, as the plate electrodes are located on both sides of a large area, the generated gas is forced to flee from the relatively narrow interlayer periphery, the released gas is turbulent, leading to unbalanced pressure between the two plate electrodes, failing to provide effective gas of linear and specific curves, so that the medicament supply cannot meet the patients requirement. Therefore, it is very important to develop an electrochemical pump which can provide directional and quantitative gas production rate to supply drugs, and can achieve supply gas pressure of linear and specific curves.
In view of this, the present invention provides an electrochemical pump unit of mesh combined electrode in order to solve the prior technical problems, which can achieve the supply gas pressure of linear and specific curves to supply drugs.
As shown in [
The electrolyte releases a gas after electrochemical reaction,
The electrochemical pump of mesh combined electrode of the present invention can be provided with an outer casing to form an electrochemical pump unit of mesh combined electrode; the outer casing wraps the mesh electrode, the second electrode and the superabsorbent material layer, the outer casing has a gas outlet adjacent to the mesh electrode, as shown in [
The electrochemical pump unit of mesh combined electrode of the present invention is used with a drug injection container, the operation process is shown in [
Preferably, embodiment of electrochemical formula is:
Cathod: 2H2O(l)→O2(g)+4H(aq)+′4e−.
Anode: 4H(aq)++4e−=2H2(g).
Net: 2H2O(l)→O2(g)+2H2(g).
Preferably, the superabsorbent material layer absorbs the electrochemical gas generating liquid, the area of electrochemical reaction and the gas flow rate generated by electrochemical reaction can be controlled.
It is noteworthy that the gas discharge rate of the electrochemical pump of mesh combined electrode of the present invention is several times of the hi electrode structure of the present technology, so as to reduce the voltage and power consumption of electrochemical system; as shown in [
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An embodiment of the present invention, an electrochemical pump of mesh combined electrode 100 is connected to a power supply 1, the electrochemical pump 100 is shown in [
A mesh electrode 2, connected to a first polarity of the power supply 1, the electrochemical reaction generates a gas 6 which is a first gas (e.g. H2), the first gas can flow through the screen meshes of the mesh electrode 2 without obstruction loss;
A second electrode 3, connected to a second polarity of the power supply 1, the second electrode 3 in this embodiment is a plane electrode 30 composed of a substrate layer 31 and an electrode layer 32, the electrochemical reaction generates the gas 6 which is a second gas (e.g. O2), the second gas flows through the inter fibrous small space/channels of the superabsorbent material layer 4 and the screen meshes of the mesh electrode 2;
A superabsorbent material layer 4, located between the mesh electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the superabsorbent material layer 4 stores an electrolyte (DI water with salts, e.g. NaCl, CaCl2, KCl . . . ); and
The superabsorbent material layer 4 is sandwiched in between the mesh electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the first gas and the second gas are discharged from the mesh electrode 2.
The electrochemical pump of mesh combined electrode 100 of the present invention can provide a gas discharge rate several times higher than the bi electrode structure of the present technology, so as to reduce the voltage and power consumption of electrochemical system,
In the said embodiment, if the first polarity is positive pole (anode), the second polarity is negative pole (cathode); if the first polarity is negative pole (cathode), the second polarity is positive pole (anode).
Preferably, the electrolyte materials include hydroxide electrolyte, aqueous solution of water and salt, acid or alkali, and non aqueous ion solution, ethanol.
Preferably, the mesh electrode 2 comprises a plurality of screen meshes formed by multiple cross and interconnected mesh lines.
Preferably, the power supply I includes mercury cell, lithium battery, carbon-zinc battery and power supply which can provide a voltage.
Preferably, the mesh electrode materials include Pt, Ti, Au, IrO2, Ag, C and Pd and any electrode materials.
An embodiment of the preset the second electrode 3 includes the substrate layer 31 and the electrode layer 32, the substrate layer 31 can be a hard substrate, a flexible substrate or a porous substrate,
Preferably, the substrate layer 31 is the hard substrate material, including hard glass substrate, sapphire substrate, transparent ceramic substrate or other appropriate substrates; the substrate layer is the flexible substrate material, including thin glass substrate or polymer flexible substrate.
Preferably, the materials of the electrode layer 32 include Pt, Ti, Au, IrO2, Ag, C and Pd and any electrode materials.
Preferably, the material of the superabsorbent material layer 4 can be any absorbent material, e.g. solid phase of gel, cotton, superabsorbent polymer, sponge material or an arbitrary combination (e.g. gel absorbed in sponge); its function is to maintain the uniform distribution of electrolyte in the entire superabsorbent material layer 4, and to maintain contact with the electrode.
An embodiment of the present invention, the second electrode 3 can be the mesh electrode 2 or the second electrode 3 composed of screen mesh shape and sire different from the mesh electrode 2.
Preferably, the gas 6 generated by the first polarity and the second polarity under electrochemical action includes the combination of hydrogen, oxygen and/or CO2; for example, the electrolysis of water generates oxygen and hydrogen, the electrolysis of ethanol generates CO2 and hydrogen; the power consumption of electrolytic pump can be reduced by using ethanol, the battery lifetime is extended.
An embodiment of the present invention, as shown in [
Preferably, the screen meshes formed by multiple mesh lines of the mesh electrode 2 include interdigital, square, rectangular, quadrangular, honeycomb and polygonal meshes.
An embodiment of the present invention, an electrochemical pump of mesh combined electrode 200 is connected to a power supply shown in the middle part of [
A mesh electrode 2, connected to a first polarity of the power supply 1, the electrochemical reaction generates a gas 6 which is a first gas;
A second electrode 3. the second electrode 3 in this embodiment has two layers, it is a plane electrode 30 composed of a substrate layer 31 and an electrode layer 32, two layers of the plane electrode 30 are connected to a second polarity of the power supply 1 respectively, the electrochemical reaction generates the gas 6 which is a second gas;
A superabsorbent material layer 4, the superabsorbent material layer 4 has two layers, storing an electrolyte; and upper and lower outer layers are the substrate layer 31 of the second electrode 3, connected to the electrode layer 32, the superabsorbent material layer 4 and the mesh electrode 2 inwards respectively, the mesh electrode 2 has one layer, the rest has two layers vertically corresponding to each other; the first gas and the second gas are discharged from the side edge through the inter fibrous small space/channels of the superabsorbent material layer 4.
In the said embodiment, the substrate layer 31 of two layers of the plane electrode 30 is a porous substrate, the first gas and the second gas can be discharged through the holes in the substrate layer 31.
An embodiment of the present invention, electrochemical pump of mesh combined electrode 300 is connected to a power supply 1, as shown in the lower part of [
A mesh electrode 2, there are two layers of the mesh electrode 2 in this embodiment, connected to a first polarity of the power supply respectively, the electrochemical reaction generates a gas 6 which is a first gas, the first gas can flow through the screen meshes of the upper and lower mesh electrodes 2 without obstruction loss;
A second electrode 3, the second electrode 3 in this embodiment is a double sided plane electrode 30 composed of a substrate layer 31 and upper and lower electrode layers 32, connected to a second polarity of the power supply 1, the electrochemical reaction generates the gas 6 which is a second gas, the second gas flows through the inter fibrous small space/channels of the upper and lower superabsorbent material layers 4 and through the screen meshes of the upper and lower mesh electrodes 2;
A superabsorbent material layer 4, the superabsorbent material layer 4 has two layers, storing an electrolyte; and upper and lower outer layers are connected to the superabsorbent material layer 4, the electrode layer 32 and the substrate layer 31 inwards respectively for the mesh electrode 2, there is one of the substrate layer 31, the rest has two layers vertically corresponding to each other; the first gas and the second gas are discharged from the upper and lower mesh electrodes 2 and periphery.
In the said embodiment, the operation process is described below:
An embodiment of the present invention, an electrochemical pump of mesh combined electrode is connected to a power supply 1, as shown in [
A mesh electrode 2, connected to a first polarity of the power supply 1, the electrochemical reaction generates a gas 6 which is a first gas;
A second electrode 3, connected to a second polarity of the power supply 1, the second electrode 3 in this embodiment is a plane electrode 30 composed of a substrate layer 31 of reelable porous substrate material and an Roll-up electrode layer 32, the gas 6 generated by electrochemical reaction is a second gas;
A superabsorbent material layer 4, located between the mesh electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the superabsorbent material layer 4 stores an electrolyte; and
The outer layer is the mesh electrode 2, the middle layer is the superabsorbent material layer 4 and the inner layer is the second electrode 3, the three layers are rolled up to form a winding cylindrical pump 400, the first gas and the second gas in the inner layer flow through the inter fibrous small space/channels of the superabsorbent material layer 4 and the holes in the substrate layer 31, and then they are discharged from the outer mesh electrode 2.
In the said embodiment, the second electrode 3 of the winding cylindrical pump 400 can be composed of screen mesh shape and size different from or identical to the mesh electrode 2; this structure can reduce the obstruction loss when the first gas and the second gas are discharged from the inner layer.
In the said embodiment, as shown in [
As shown in [
An embodiment of the present invention, an electrochemical pump of mesh combined electrode is connected to a power supply 1, as shown in [
A mesh electrode 2, connected to a first polarity of the power supply 11, the electrochemical reaction generates a gas 6 which is a first gas;
A second electrode 3, connected to a second polarity of the power supply 1, the second electrode 3 in this embodiment is a plane electrode 30 composed of a substrate layer 31 of reelable substrate material and an Roll-up electrode layer 32, the gas 6 generated by electrochemical reaction is a second gas;
A superabsorbent material layer 4, located between the mesh electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the superabsorbent material layer 4 stores an electrolyte; and
The outer layer is the second electrode 3, the middle layer is the superabsorbent material layer 4 and the inner layer is the mesh electrode 2, the three layers are rolled up to form a hollow cylindrical pump 500, the first gas can flow through the screen meshes of the mesh electrode 2 to the center without obstruction loss, and the second gas flows through the inter fibrous small space/channels of the superabsorbent material layer 4 and the screen meshes of the mesh electrode 2 to the center.
In the said embodiment, as shown in [
In the said embodiment, a porous gas pipe 7 is installed in the middle of the hollow cylindrical pump 500, the gas 6 is led to the gas outlet 51 through a plurality of gas holes 71 in the wall of the porous gas pipe 7.
In the said embodiment, the porous gas pipe 7 can protrude from the outer casing 5. it can be inserted in the drug injection container 9 and sealed with an airtight spacer 8,
Preferably, the electrochemical pump of mesh combined electrode 500A can be designed as separate type, it is inserted in the drug injection container 9 before use.
This Non-provisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) on Patent Application No(s). [63/115,223] filed in American United Sates Nov. 18, 2020, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63115223 | Nov 2020 | US |