Claims
- 1. An electrochromic element comprising two conductive substrates, at least one of which is transparent; an ion conductive layer disposed therebetween and containing a compound having a viologen structure represented by formula (1) below; and an electrochromic layer disposed between the ion conductive layer and at least either one of the two conductive substrates and containing a compound represented by formula (2) or (3) below; formula (1) being represented by wherein X− and Y− may be the same or different and each are a counter anion selected from the group consisting of a halogen anion, ClO4−, BF4−, PF6−, CH3COO− and CH3(C6H4)SO3−; formula (2) being represented by wherein R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrocarbon group or hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and may be the same or different from each other, Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon residue having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a is an integer greater than 2 and b and c are each an integer of 0 to 3; andformula (3) being represented by wherein R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Ar4 and Ar5 are each independently a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon residue, a′ is an integer of 0 to 3, b′ is an integer of 1 or 2 and c′ is an integer greater than 2.
- 2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 wherein said electrochromic layer is composed of a polymer represented by the formula wherein n averages about 10.
- 3. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 wherein said electrochromic layer is composed of a polymer with a weight average molecular weight of 4,000, represented by the formula wherein n averages about 10.
- 4. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 wherein said electrochromic layer is composed of a polymer with a weight average molecular weight of 3,000, represented by the formula
- 5. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 wherein said ion conductive material layer is composed of a mixture obtained by a compound having a viologen structure to a composition a polar solvent, a supporting electrolyte and an urethaneacrylate represented by the formula wherein R11 and R12 is the same or different and are each a group of formula (10), (11) or (12) below, R13 and R14 is the same or different and are each a C1-C20, preferably C2-C12 divalent hydrocarbon residue, Y is selected from a polyether unit, a polyester unit, a polycarbonate unit and the mixed unit thereof and n is an integer from 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 50 and more preferably 1 to 20, and formulae (10), (11) and (12) are represented by the formulae, respectively wherein R15, R16 and R17 are the same or different and are hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl group and R18 is a C1-C20, preferably C2-C8 organic residue of divalent through quatervalent.
- 6. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 wherein said ion conductive material layer is composed of a mixture obtained by adding a compound having a viologen structure to a composition a polar solvent, a supporting electrolyte and an acryloyle-modified polyalkylene oxide of formula either one of (24), (25) or (26): wherein R32, R33, R34 and R35 are each hydrogen and a C1-C5 alkyl group and “1” is an integer of greater than 1; wherein R36, R37, R38 and R39 are each hydrogen and a C1-C5 alkyl group and m is an integer of greater than 1; wherein R40, R41 and R42 are each hydrogen and a C1-C5 alkyl group, p is an integer of greater than 1, q is an integer from 2 to 4 and L is a connecting group of valence indicated by q.
Priority Claims (2)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
9-364867 |
Dec 1997 |
JP |
|
9-364868 |
Dec 1997 |
JP |
|
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of International Application PCT/JP98/05737 filed Dec. 18, 1998, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
US Referenced Citations (9)
Foreign Referenced Citations (5)
Number |
Date |
Country |
55-80483 |
Jun 1980 |
JP |
63-43124 |
Feb 1988 |
JP |
63-225688 |
Sep 1988 |
JP |
2-110187 |
Apr 1990 |
JP |
3-241322 |
Oct 1991 |
JP |
Continuations (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
PCT/JP98/05737 |
Dec 1998 |
US |
Child |
09/589230 |
|
US |