Patent Grant
9222003
1. Field of the Invention
The present application relates to an electrode assembly and a battery.
2. Discussion of Related Art
A secondary cell can convert electric energy into chemical energy, store the chemical energy, and generate electricity as necessary. A lead storage battery, a nickel-cadmium (NiCd) battery, a nickel-hydrogen (NiMH) storage battery, a lithium ion (Li-ion) battery and a Li-ion polymer battery are known as secondary cells.
A battery may be manufactured, for example, by receiving an electrode assembly inside a can and injecting an electrolyte. In general, the electrode assembly is relatively small in size compared to the can, and thus a gap is formed between the electrode assembly and an inner wall of the can.
In this case, the electrode assembly received in the can may move or rotate to some degree inside the can due to external vibration or impact. In this case, inner circuits may be disconnected due to damage of a welded region of a tab, thereby causing undetected power outage.
The present application is directed to providing an electrode assembly and a battery.
One aspect of the present application provides an electrode assembly. According to one exemplary embodiment, the electrode assembly may include a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape attached to an outer circumferential surface of the electrode assembly and including a substrate layer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate layer. As such, the substrate layer may have a property of deforming in a longitudinal direction, for example, when the substrate layer comes in contact with an electrolyte. According to one exemplary embodiment, the substrate layer may be a substrate layer that swells in a longitudinal direction when coming in contact with a fluid.
For example, the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape may be, for example, a tape for fixing an electrode assembly. Throughout this specification, the term “tape for fixing an electrode assembly” may mean a tape that functions to fill a gap between an electrode assembly and a can in which the assembly is received, and fix the electrode assembly inside the can, as necessary. According to one exemplary embodiment, the tape for fixing an electrode assembly may be a tape that may realize a three-dimensional (3D) shape that fills the gap by means of mutual balance between an fixing force of a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a force generated as a substrate layer swells, for example, when the substrate layer comes in contact with a liquid-phase electrolyte in a state in which the tape is attached via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to the electrode assembly having the gap formed therein. According to one exemplary embodiment, the tape may be, for example, a sealing tape for an electrode assembly, and may be used to prevent disassembly of the electrode assembly and also fix the electrode assembly inside a can of a battery.
As shown in
As such, a size of the 3D shape realized by pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, that is, a width of the gap, may be, for example, in a range of 0.001 mm to 2.0 mm, 0.001 mm to 1.0 mm or 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm. However, the size of the 3D shape may be varied according to specific kinds of the gap to which pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is applied, but the present application is not particularly limited thereto. The size of the 3D shape according to the size of the gap to which pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is applied may be, for example, controlled by regulating a strain of the substrate layer or a peel strength of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, as will be described later.
The substrate layer included in the tape may be, for example, a substrate layer having a property of deforming, for example, swelling in a longitudinal direction when the substrate layer comes in contact with an electrolyte that is present in a liquid phase. For example, when the substrate layer comes in contact with the electrolyte, the substrate layer may be a substrate layer having a property of swelling in a longitudinal direction.
Throughout this specification, the term “longitudinal direction” may refer to a direction vertical to a thickness direction (for example, a direction indicated by an arrow) of the substrate layer when the substrate layer is maintained in a flat level. Throughout this specification, the term “vertical” or “horizontal” may means substantially vertical or horizontal without causing damage to desired effects, and, for example, may include an error of ±10°, ±5°, or ±3°.
A substrate layer that may deform, for example, swell on a plane of a substrate layer in a certain direction (including a cross direction, a machine direction or a diagonal direction), may be used without limitation as long as the substrate layer has a property of deforming, for example, swelling in a longitudinal direction.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the substrate layer may have a strain of 10% or more in a longitudinal direction according to the following Equation 1.
Strain of Substrate layer in Longitudinal direction=(L2−L1)/L1×100 Equation 1
In Equation 1, L1 represents an initial length of the substrate layer before the substrate layer comes in contact with a electrolyte; and L2 represents a length of the substrate layer that is measured after the substrate layer contacts the electrolyte at room temperature or 60° C. for 24 hours.
For the calculation according to Equation 1, specific kinds of the electrolyte with which the substrate layer comes in contact may be electrolytes used according to the kinds of batteries to which the tape is applied. Thus, specific kinds of the electrolyte are not particularly limited. According to one exemplary embodiment, the electrolyte may be a liquid-phase electrolyte solution, for example, a carbonate-based electrolyte solution. As such, the term “electrolyte” may refer to an ion conduction medium used for, for example, a battery.
In addition, the term “room temperature” in this specification may mean a naturally occurring temperature, which is not a heated or cooled, and for example, may refer to approximately 10° C. to approximately 30° C., approximately 20° C. to approximately 30° C., or approximately 25° C.
A strain of the substrate layer in a longitudinal direction may be deformed according to a size of a 3D shape to be realized, and for example, may be 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more or 90% or more. An upper limit of the strain of the substrate layer in the longitudinal direction is not specifically limited. In other words, the higher a value of the strain is, the larger the 3D shape may be realized, and thus the strain may be, for example, controlled according to the size of a desired 3D shape. For example, an upper limit of the strain of the substrate layer may be approximately 500%.
In Equation 1, L1 and L2 represent lengths of the substrate layer before and after the substrate layer comes in contact with the electrolyte. The length is measured in a predetermined direction with respect to the substrate layer. As long as the direction is equally applied when L1 and L2 are measured, a specific direction of measuring the length is not specifically limited.
For example, when the substrate layer has a tetragonal sheet shape, the length of the substrate layer may be a length in a width, length or diagonal direction, or may be a length in any direction on a plane. However, the direction of measuring the length may be equally applied when L1 and L2 are measured, and thus, for example, the width length of the substrate layer is also used as L2 when the width length of the substrate layer is used as L1.
The shape of the substrate layer is not specifically limited, but for example, may be a film or a sheet shape. In addition, the substrate layer with the film or sheet shape may have shapes such as a rectangular, circular, triangular, or amorphous shape.
A material for the substrate layer may include any material that can have the above-described strain. According to one exemplary embodiment, the substrate layer may be a polymer film or sheet, and may be the film or sheet manufactured to have the above-described deformation property, for example, an swelling property, when the substrate layer comes in contact with a electrolyte by the conditions of elongation or shrinking in a manufacturing process.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the substrate layer including a urethane bond, an ester bond, or an ether bond, or a cellulose ester compound may be used as the substrate layer.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the substrate layer including a urethane bond, an ester bond, or an ether bond, or a cellulose ester compound may be used as the substrate layer.
According to one exemplary embodiment, a cast layer of an active energy ray-curable composition may be used as the acrylate-based, the urethane-based, or the epoxy-based substrate layer.
The term “cast layer” used herein may refer to a substrate layer formed through curing a coating layer after coating a curable composition using a casting method.
In addition, the term “active energy ray-curable composition” as described above may refer to a type of a composition cured irradiation with active energy rays. A scope of the active energy rays as described above may also include a particle beam, such as an alpha-particle beam, a proton beam, a neutron beam, and an electron beam as well as microwaves, infrared rays (IR), UV rays (UV), X-ray, and a gamma-ray.
The composition may include, for example, an active energy ray-curable acrylate compound and a radical-polymerizable diluent.
The active energy ray-curable acrylate compound as described above may include, for example, a urethane acrylate that is known as a photocurable oligomer in the art.
The urethane acrylate may include, for example, a reactant of a mixture including a (meth)acrylate having a hydroxyl group and a polyisocyanate compound. As such, the polyisocyanate compound may be a compound having at least two isocyanate groups; for example, an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic polyisocyanate; and specifically, for example, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 1,3-xylylene diisocyanate, 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate isophorone diisocyanate, and the like. In addition, the (meth)acrylate having the hydroxyl group may include a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth)acrylate, or 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth)acrylate, but the present application is not limited thereto.
The urethane acrylate may include a reactant including a (meth)acrylate having a hydroxyl group and a urethane prepolymer having an isocyanate group at the end thereof, for example, a reactant of the mixture including a polyisocyanate and an ester polyol. The ester polyol may include, for example, a polyol and/or an ether polyol; and a reactant that is esterificated with an acid component, such as a dibasic acid or an anhydride thereof. The polyol may include, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, cyclohexane dimethanol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, and the like, and the ether polyol may include, for example, a polyalkylene glycol, such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or polytetramethylene glycol, a diol of a block or a random polymer, such as a polyethylene polypropoxy block polymer diol; and the acid component may include, for example, a dibasic acid or an anhydride thereof, such as adipic acid, succinic acid, phthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid, but the present application is not limited thereto. Also, the (meth)acrylate having the hydroxyl group and the polyisocyanate may include the compounds described above.
Also, the urethane acrylate may be a reactant of the mixture including a (meth)acrylate having a hydroxyl group and a urethane prepolymer having an isocyanate at the end thereof, for example, a reactant of the mixture including a polyisocyanate and an ether polyol.
Also, the active energy ray-curable acrylate compound may include an epoxy acrylate, a polyester acrylate, a polyether acrylate, and the like.
The polyester acrylate may include, for example, a dehydration condensation reactant of the mixture including a (meth)acrylic acid and an ester polyol. In this case, the above-described compounds may be used as an ester polyol, which can be used.
In addition, the polyether acrylate may include, for example, a polyalkylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, such as polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, or polytetramethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, and the epoxy acrylate may be an additive reactant of the mixture including a (meth)acrylic acid and an epoxy resin. In this case, a type of the epoxy resin may include a general aromatic or aliphatic epoxy resin that is known in the art, but the present application is not limited thereto.
The radical-polymerizable diluent included in the composition may include, for example, a monomer having a functional group that can participate in radical polymerization by irradiation with active energy rays.
The monomer may be a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer, and may be, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl (meth)acrylate; a (meth)acrylate having an alkoxy group, a (meth)acrylate having an alicyclic group; a (meth)acrylate having an aromatic group; a (meth)acrylate having a heterocycle; and a multifunctional acrylate.
The alkyl (meth)acrylate may include, for example, an alkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, sec-butyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylbutyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, and tetradecyl (meth)acrylate; the (meth)acrylate having the alkoxy group may include, for example, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol phenyl ether (meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol (with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 8) phenyl ether (meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol nonyl phenyl ether (meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol (with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 8) nonyl phenyl ether (meth)acrylate, and the like; the (meth)acrylate having an alicyclic group may include, for example, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxy (meth)acrylate, and the like; the (meth)acrylate having the aromatic group may include, for example, phenylhydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, and the like; the (meth)acrylate having the heterocycle may include, for example, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, morpholinyl (meth)acrylate, and the like; the multifunctional acrylate may include, for example, a difunctional acrylate, such as 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentylglycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate, neopentylglycol adipate di(meth)acrylate, hydroxyl puivalic acid neopentylglycol di(meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl di(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified dicyclopentenyl di(meth)acrylate, ethyleneoxide-modified di(meth)acrylate, di(meth)acryloxy ethyl isocyanurate, allylated cyclohexyl di(meth)acrylate, tricyclodecanedimethanol(meth)acrylate, dimethylol dicyclopentane di(meth)acrylate, ethyleneoxide-modified hexahydrophthalic acid di(meth)acrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol-modified trimethylpropane di(meth)acrylate, adamantane di(meth)acrylate, or 9,9-bis[4-(2-acryloyloxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene; a trifunctional acrylate, such as trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, propionic acid-modified dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, propyleneoxide-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, trifunctional urethane (meth)acrylate, or tris(meth)acryloxyethylisocyanurate; a tetrafunctional acrylate, such as diglycerin tetra(meth)acrylate, or pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate; a pentafunctional acrylate, such as propionic acid-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate; and a hexafunctional acrylate, such as depentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, or urethane (meth)acrylate (for example, a reactant of a trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate and an isocyanate monomer); but the present application is not limited thereto.
Also, the diluent may include a monomer having a polar functional group, specifically, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitrogen-containing group, or a glycidyl group. The monomer having the hydroxyl group may include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth)acrylate, 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate or 2-hydroxypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate, and the like; the monomer having the carboxyl group may include (meth)acrylic acid, 2-(meth)acryloyloxy acetic acid, 3-(meth)acryloyloxy propylic acid, 4-(meth)acryloyloxy butyric acid, an acrylic acid dimer, itaconic acid, maleic acid, or maleic anhydride, and the like; the monomer having the nitrogen-containing group may include (meth)acrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl carprolactam, and the like; and the monomer having the glycidyl group may include glycidyl (meth)acrylate, and the like; but the present application is not limited thereto.
The composition may include, for example, 30 parts by weight to 90 parts by weight of the active energy ray-curable acrylate compound and 10 part by weight to 70 parts by weight of the radical-polymerizable diluent. However, the weight percentages and the types of the acrylate compound and the radical-polymerizable diluent may be varied considering a desired strain, for example.
Unless otherwise indicated, the unit “part by weight” used herein refers to a weight ratio.
Also, the composition may further include a photoinitiator. The photoinitiator may induce a polymerization reaction of the composition by irradiation with active energy rays.
The photoinitiator may include, for example, a known photoinitiator such as a benzoin-based, hydroxyketone-based, aminoketone-based, peroxide-based, or phosphine oxide-based photoinitiator.
The composition may include 0.01 parts by weight to 10 parts by weight or 0.1 parts by weight to 5 parts by weight of the photoinitiator based on the total 100 parts by weight of the acrylate compound and diluent. The content of the photoinitiator may be controlled within the above-described range to induce an effective curing reaction and prevent a degradation of physical properties, and the like, caused by components remaining after curing process.
The composition may further include at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a pigment and a dye, an epoxy resin, a crosslinking agent, a UV stabilizer, an antioxidant, a toning agent, a reinforcing agent, a filling agent, a antifoaming agent, a surfactant, a photo thickener, and a plasticizer, as necessary.
The cast layer may be manufactured by coating the composition to a proper thickness using a casting method and curing the composition through polymerization by irradiation with the active energy rays.
A specific method of casting the composition may be performed in a method such as bar coating, knife coating, roll coating, spray coating, gravure coating, curtain coating, comma coating or lip coating considering a desired thickness, for example, but the present application is not limited thereto.
In addition, the irradiation with the active energy rays, for example, ultraviolet rays(UV rays), may be performed using a metal halide lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a black light lamp, an induction lamp, a xenon lamp, and the like. The conditions for irradiating the active energy rays, for example, a wavelength, light intensity of radiation, and the like, may be selected considering composites of the composition, and the like, but the present application is not specifically limited thereto.
Also, for example, the substrate layer may include a urethane resin, such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or a cast layer of the curable urethane composition.
The curable urethane composition may be a type of a composition that is cured by application of heat, for example, and may include a composition including a polyol and an isocyanate compound.
The polyol may include, for example, an alkyleneglycol, a dialkyleneglycol, a benzenediol (for example, catechol, resorcinol, or hydroquinone), a benzenetriol (for example, 1,2,3-benzenetriol), a dialcohol amine, a trialcohol amine, arabitol, mannitol, isomalt, glycerol, xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, erythritol, ribitol, dulcitol, lactitol, threitol, iditol or polyglycitol, and the like. In addition, the isocyanate compound may include, for example, a polyisocyanate as described in a list of the urethane acrylate. The alkylene included in the alkyleneglycol or the dialkyleneglycol may include, for example, an alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
The curable urethane composition may include, for example, a polyol and a polyisocyanate so that an equivalent ratio of a hydroxyl group (OH) of the polyol and an isocyanate group (NCO) of the polyisocyanate can amount to substantially approximately 1:1. However, the equivalent ratio may be changed, for example, considering a desired strain, and the like.
For example, the cast layer may be manufactured by casting the urethane composition in a method similar to that of the composition, and then curing the urethane composition through application of proper heat to the casted coating layer.
When a cellulose-based substrate layer is used as the substrate layer, the substrate layer may include a cellulose acetate resin or cellulose alkylate resin. In this case, a substrate layer manufactured by subjecting the mixture including the above resin to an extruding or casting process may be used. The cellulose alkylate may include, for example, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and the like.
A method of manufacturing the substrate layer using the resin may include, for example, applying a raw material including the above resin and known additives as necessary in a general film or sheet molding process such as extruding or casting, but also applying a proper treatment in a molding process in order for the substrate layer to exhibit a deformation property, for example, an swelling property, but the present application is not specifically limited thereto.
When the substrate layer is a sheet or film type, the thickness of the substrate layer may be selected considering a size of a gap to be filled or an probability of realizing a desired 3D shape, and the like, for example, but the present application is not limited thereto.
The tape may include a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate layer. For example, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be formed on at least one surface of the substrate layer in a horizontal direction to a longitudinal direction of the above-described substrate layer.
The tape may realize a 3D shape, which protrudes in a vertical direction to the longitudinal direction of the substrate layer by deformation for example, swelling through contacting the tape with a electrolyte in a state in which the tape is fixed by the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that is formed in a horizontal direction to the longitudinal direction of the substrate layer as described above.
In order to realize the 3D shape, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be designed to have a proper peel strength. For example, when the peel strength is less than the range for realizing a desired 3D shape, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may not properly support stress from deformation of the substrate layer, for example, swelling, and thus the tape may be peeled or the 3D shape may be difficult to realize. On the other hand, when the peel strength is above the range of the peel strength, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may excessively inhibit the deformation of the substrate layer and thus the 3D shape may be difficult to realize. The peel strength may be, for example, 100 gf/25 mm or more, 150 gf/25 mm or more, 200 gf/25 mm or more, 300 gf/25 mm or more, 400 gf/25 mm or more, 500 gf/25 mm or more, 600 gf/25 mm or more, 700 gf/25 mm or more, 800 gf/25 mm or more, 900 gf/25 mm or more, 1,000 gf/25 mm or more, 1,100 gf/25 mm or more, 1,200 gf/25 mm or more, 1,300 gf/25 mm or more, 1,400 gf/25 mm or more, 1,500 gf/25 mm or more, 1,600 gf/25 mm or more, 1,700 gf/25 mm or more, or 1,800 gf/25 mm or more. However, the peel strength may be, for example, varied according to a gap to be filled or a size of a 3D shape to be realized, but the present application is not specifically limited thereto. The peel strength may be, for example, a peel strength to a glass plate or one of the subjects forming a gap to be filled. In addition, the peel strength may be measured at room temperature, and may be measured at a peel rate of 5 mm/sec and a peel angle of 180°.
In addition, the peel strength of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be controlled considering an probability of realizing a desired 3D shape, and an upper limit of the peel strength is not specifically limited.
Various kinds of pressure-sensitive adhesive layers may be used as the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer as long as they can exhibit the above-described peel strength. For example, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, a urethane pressure-sensitive adhesive, an epoxy pressure-sensitive adhesive, a silicon pressure-sensitive adhesive, or a rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, and the like, may be used for the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and for example, may include an acrylic polymer cross-linked by a multifunctional crosslinking agent.
The acrylic polymer may include, for example, an acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 500,000 or more, 700,000 or more, 900,000 or more, 1,200,000 or more. The weight average molecular weight is a conversion value to standard polystyrene that is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Unless otherwise indicated, the term “molecular weight” used herein refers to a weight average molecular weight. An upper limit of the molecular weight of the acrylic polymer may be controlled within 2,500,000, or less for example, but the present application is not specifically limited thereto.
The acrylic polymer may include, for example, a copolymerizable monomer having a crosslinkable functional group and a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer in a polymerized type. In this case, the weight ratio of each monomer may be designed considering a desired peel strength, for example, but the present application is not specifically limited thereto.
The (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer included in the polymer may include, for example, an alkyl (meth)acrylate, and may include an alkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms considering cohesiveness, a glass transition temperature, or adhesion of the pressure-sensitive adhesive. The monomer may include, for example, one, two or more of methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, sec-butyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylbutyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, tetradecyl (meth)acrylate, and the like, but the present application is not limited thereto.
The copolymerizable monomer having the crosslinkable functional group may be co-polymerized with the (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer or another monomer included in the polymer, and may give a crosslinking point that can react with a multifunctional crosslinking agent to a main chain of the polymer after copolymerization. The crosslinkable functional group may be a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, a glycidyl group, an amide group, and the like. In some cases, the crosslinkable functional group may be a photocrosslinkable functional group, such as an acryloyl group, or a methacryloyl group. The photocrosslinkable functional group may be introduced by reacting the crosslinkable functional group provided by the copolymerizable monomer with the compound having a photocrosslinkable functional group. Various copolymerizable monomers, which can be used according to a desired functional group, are known in the field of preparing pressure-sensitive adhesives. An example of the monomer may be a monomer having a hydroxyl group, such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth)acrylate, 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyleneglycol (meth)acrylate, or 2-hydroxypropyleneglycol (meth)acrylate; a monomer having a carboxyl group, such as (meth)acrylic acid, 2-(meth)acryloyloxy acetic acid, 3-(meth)acryloyloxy propylic acid, 4-(meth)acryloyloxy butyric acid, an acrylic acid dimer, itaconic acid, maleic acid, and maleic anhydride; glycidyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, and the like; but the present application is not limited thereto. One, two or more of the monomers may be included in the polymer.
The acrylic polymer may further include another functional comonomer in a polymerized type as necessary, and for example, may be a monomer represented by the following Formula 1.
In Formula 1, R1 to R3 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl; and R4 is a cyano; an alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; an acetyl oxy; or COR5, wherein R5 is an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl-substituted or unsubstituted amino or a glycidyloxy.
The alkyl or alkoxy in definitions of R1 to R5 in Formula 1 refers to an alkyl or alkoxy of C1 to C8, and preferably, a methyl, an ethyl, a methoxy, an ethoxy, a propoxy, or a butoxy.
A specific example of the monomer of Formula 1 may be a vinyl ester of carboxylic acid, such as (meth)acrylonitrile, N-methyl (meth)acrylamide, N-butoxy methyl (meth)acrylamide, styrene, methyl styrene, or vinyl acetate, but the present application is limited thereto.
The acrylic polymer may be prepared, for example, through solution polymerization, photo polymerization, bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and the like.
Kinds of the multifunctional crosslinking agent that functions to crosslink the acrylic polymer in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but a proper crosslinking agent may be selected from known crosslinking agents, such as an isocyanate crosslinking agent, an epoxy crosslinking agent, an aziridine crosslinking agent, a metal chelate crosslinking agent, or a photocrosslinking agent, according to a kind of crosslinkable functional group present in the polymer. An example of the isocyanate crosslinking agent may be a diisocyanate, such as tolylene diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, or naphthalene diisocyanate, or a reactant of the diisocyanate and a polyol, and the like. Here, trimethylol propane may be used as the polyol. The epoxy crosslinking agent may include ethylene glycol diglycidylether, triglycidylether, trimethylolpropane triglycidylether, N,N,N′,N′-tetraglycidyl ethylenediamine, glycerin diglycidylether, and the like; the aziridine crosslinking agent may include N,N′-toluene-2,4-bis(1-aziridinecarboxamide), N,N′-diphenylmethane-4,4′-bis(1-aziridinecarboxamide), triethylene melamine, bisisoprotaloyl-1-(2-methylaziridine), tri-1-aziridinylphosphineoxide, and the like; the metal chelate crosslinking agent may include compounds with a multivalent metal coordinated at a compound, such as acetylacetone or ethyl acetoacetate. In this case, the multivalent metal may include aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, titanium, antimony, magnesium or vanadium, and the like; and the photocrosslinking agent may include a multifunctional acrylate, and the like. One, two or more of the crosslinking agents may be used considering a kind of crosslinkable functional group included in the polymer.
A weight ratio of the multifunctional crosslinking agent in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be controlled, for example, considering a desired peel strength.
The above-described pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be formed, for example, by coating a coating solution obtained by mixing the acrylic polymer and multifunctional crosslinking agent as described above, and then inducing a crosslinking reaction of the polymer and multifunctional cross linking agent under the proper conditions.
Also, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may further include an active energy ray-polymerizable compound in a polymerized state. As such, the active energy ray-polymerizable compound may mean a compound containing at least two functional groups, such as an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group, which may take part in polymerization or cross-linking by irradiation with active energy rays.
As such, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may include a cross-linking structure including an acryl polymer cross-linked by the multifunctional cross-linking agent and a cross-linking structure including the active energy ray-polymerizable compound in a polymerized state at the same time.
For example, the above-described multifunctional acrylate may be used as the active energy ray-polymerizable compound. Also, the active energy ray-polymerizable compound may be a compound referred to as a photopolymerizable oligomer. Here, urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate or polyether acrylate may be used as the active energy ray-polymerizable compound.
A weight ratio of the active energy ray-polymerizable compound in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be adjusted in consideration of a desired peel strength.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition prepared by blending the acryl polymer, the multifunctional cross-linking agent and the active energy ray-polymerizable compound may be formed into a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, for example, by inducing a cross-linking reaction of the acryl polymer and the multifunctional cross-linking agent and a polymerization reaction of the active energy ray-polymerizable compound under suitable conditions. The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition may include a polymerization initiator in consideration of the polymerization efficiency of the active energy ray-polymerizable compound. For example, a radical initiator that can induce a cross-linking or polymerization reaction of the active energy ray-polymerizable compound may be used as the polymerization initiator. For example, the radical initiator may include benzoin, benzoin methylether, benzoin ethylether, benzoin isopropylether, benzoin n-butylether, benzoin isobutylether, acetophenone, dimethylamino acetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholino-propane-1-one, 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl-2-(hydroxy-2-propyl)ketone, benzophenone, p-phenylbenzophenone, 4,4′-diethylaminobenzophenone, dichlorobenzophenone, 2-methyl anthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-t-butylanthraquinone, 2-aminoanthraquinone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-ethylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, benzyldimethylketal, acetophenone dimethylketal, p-dimethylamino benzoic acid ester, oligo[2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl]propanone] and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphineoxide, which may be used at a proper weight ratio.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may further include at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a coupling agent, a tackifier, an epoxy resin, a UV stabilizer, an antioxidant, a toning agent, a reinforcing agent, a filling agent, a antifoaming agent, a surfactant, and a plasticizer within a range that does not affect desired effects.
A thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be properly selected according to an applied use, for example, a desired peel strength, an probability of realizing a 3D shape, a size of gap to be filled, and the like, but the present application is not specifically limited thereto.
Kinds of the electrode assembly in which such a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is attached to an outer circumferential surface of the electrode assembly are not particularly limited. According to one exemplary embodiment, the electrode assembly may be an electrode assembly for a secondary cell, for example, a lithium secondary cell.
For example, the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator formed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. In this case, the tape may be attached to an outer circumferential surface of the electrode assembly having a configuration as described above. As necessary, the electrode assembly may be wound in a jelly-roll shape, but the present application is not limited thereto.
The positive electrode plate may include a positive electrode collector composed of a sheet metal with excellent conductivity, and the like; and a positive electrode active material layer that is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector. In addition, an area that is not coated with the positive electrode active material may be formed on both ends of the positive electrode plate, and a positive electrode tab that protrudes to a predetermined length from an upper part or bottom part of the electrode assembly may be attached to the above-described area. The positive electrode tab may play a role in electrically connecting the electrode assembly with other parts of a battery, electronically.
In addition, the negative electrode plate may include a negative electrode collector composed of a conductive sheet metal, and the like; and a negative electrode active material layer that is coated on the surface of the negative electrode collector. In addition, an area that is not coated with the negative electrode active material may be formed on both ends of the negative electrode plate, like the positive electrode plate, and a negative electrode tab, which protrudes to a predetermined length from an upper part or bottom part of the electrode assembly and can electronically connect the electrode assembly and other parts of a battery, may be attached to the above-described area.
In addition, the electrode assembly may further include an insulation plate formed on an upper part and/or bottom part in order to prevent contact with a cap assembly or a cylindrical can.
Since the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape includes a closing part in which an outermost end of the separator at the outer circumferential surface of the electrode assembly is positioned, the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape may be attached to the electrode assembly to surround the outer circumferential surface of the electrode assembly. In addition, the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape may be attached to cover at least 30% of the total area of the outer circumferential surface of the electrode assembly. In this case, an upper end part and bottom end part of the outer circumferential surface of the electrode assembly may be attached so that the electrode assembly can be exposed to external environments.
Referring to
According to one exemplary embodiment shown in
As shown in
The present application is directed to providing a battery. The battery according to one exemplary embodiment may include the above-described electrode assembly, a can having the electrode assembly received therein, and an electrolyte coming in contact with the electrode assembly inside the can.
In the battery, the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape attached to the electrode assembly may be present in a state in which the electrode assembly is fixed inside the can by means of the 3D shape realized by the electrolyte.
Such a battery may be manufactured, for example, using a method including contacting the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape with an electrolyte in a state in which an electrode assembly to which the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is attached is received inside the can.
As shown in
The method may be performed, for example, by attaching the tape to an electrode assembly, receiving the electrode assembly inside a can, and injecting an electrolyte into the inside of the can.
A kind of the can receiving the electrode assembly may include, for example, a cylindrical can, and the like, which are known in the art, but the present application is not specifically limited thereto.
In addition, a kind of the electrolyte solution, a electrolyte that can deform, for example, swell, the tape, may include an electrolyte known in the art according to a kind of a battery, but the present application is not specifically limited thereto. For example, when the battery is a lithium secondary battery, the electrolyte may include, for example, a water-insoluble organic solvent and a lithium salt. The above-described lithium salt may be dissolved in an organic solvent to serve as a source of lithium ions in a battery and may accelerate a movement of the lithium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. An example of the lithium salt may be a lithium salt including one, two or more of LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF6, LiCF3SO3, LiN(CF3SO2)3, Li(CF3SO2)2N, LiC4F9SO3, LiClO4, LiAlO4, LiAlCl4, LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2) (here, x and y are natural numbers), LiCl, LiI, lithium bisoxalate borate, and the like, as a supporting electrolytic salt. A concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte may be varied according to its application, and may be generally within the range of 0.1 M to 2.0 M. In addition, the organic solvent may serve as a medium that can move ions involved in an electrochemical reaction of a battery, and examples of the organic solvent may include one, two or more of benzene, toluene, fluorobenzene, 1,2-difluorobenzene, 1,3-difluorobenzene, 1,4-difluorobenzene, 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene, 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, iodobenzene, 1,2-diiodobenzene, 1,3-diiodobenzene, 1,4-diiodobenzene, 1,2,3-triiodobenzene, 1,2,4-triiodobenzene, fluorotoluene, 1,2-difluorotoluene, 1,3-difluorotoluene, 1,4-difluorotoluene, 1,2,3-trifluorotoluene, 1,2,4-trifluorotoluene, chlorotoluene, 1,2-dichlorotoluene, 1,3-dichlorotoluene, 1,4-dichlorotoluene, 1,2,3-trichlorotoluene, 1,2,4-trichlorotoluene, iodotoluene, 1,2-diiodtoluene, 1,3-diiodotoluene, 1,4-diiodotoluene, 1,2,3-triiodotoluene, 1,2,4-triiodotoluene, R—CN (wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical with a linear, branched or circular structure having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, in which the hydrocarbon radical may include a double bond, an aromatic ring, or an ether bond, and the like), dimethylformamide, dimethylacetate, xylene, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dioxolane, diglyme, tetraglyme, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, γ-butylolactone, sulfolane, valerolactone, decanolide, or mevalolacton, but the present application is not limited thereto.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the electrolyte may be a carbonate-based electrolyte. According to one exemplary embodiment, the carbonate-based electrolyte may also be a liquid-phase electrolyte solution.
A pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, which has a predetermined peel strength with respect to a substrate layer with a deformation property, for example, an swelling property, as described above, is formed on the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape. Accordingly, the tape may realize the 3D shape after the tape is subjected to the method, for example, in a state in which the tape is attached to an electrode assembly. As a result, the tape may effectively fill a gap between the internal wall of the electrode assembly and the can and fix the electrode assembly, thereby preventing movement or shaking.
In other words, the “3D shape” of the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape may be formed through interaction of a deformation ability of a substrate layer of the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape contacting an electrolyte and a peel strength of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and may be a concept including any structure that can firmly fix an electrode assembly inside the can.
For example, as shown in an exemplified left diagram of
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in detail. However, the present application is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but can be implemented in various forms. The following embodiments are described in order to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to embody and practice the present application.
In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, physical properties of electrode assembly and batteries are evaluated, as follows.
1. Measurement of Strain of Substrate Layer in Longitudinal Direction
A substrate layer was cut to be 10 mm wide and 50 mm long to prepare a specimen. The prepared specimen was impregnated in a carbonate-based electrolyte, and then was maintained at room temperature for 1 day in a sealed state. Then, the specimen was removed from the electrolyte; a height of the specimen was measured; and then a strain of the substrate layer in a longitudinal direction was measured based on the following Equation A.
Strain in Longitudinal direction=(L2−L1)/L1×100 Equation A
In Equation A, L1 is an initial length of the substrate layer in a longitudinal direction before the substrate layer is impregnated in an electrolyte, that is, 50 mm; and L2 is a length of the substrate layer in a longitudinal direction after the substrate layer is impregnated in an electrolyte.
22. Measurement of Peel Strength of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape
A pressure-sensitive adhesive tape was cut to be 25 mm wide and 200 mm long to prepare a specimen. The specimen was attached via a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to a glass plate using a 2-kg rubber roller, and then stored at room temperature for 2 hours. Then, a peel strength was measured while a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape was peeled with a peel rate of 5 mm/sec and a peel angle of 180° using a tensile tester.
3. Evaluation of Ability of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape to Realize 3D Shape
The batteries manufactured in Examples and Comparative Examples were stored at room temperature for 1 day, and then were disassembled to remove electrode assemblies. Probability of realization of 3D shapes was evaluated by evaluating conditions of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape that were attached to the electrode assemblies according to the following criteria.
<Evaluation Criteria of Probability of Realizing 3D Shape>
∘: A 3D shape of a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is observed.
□: A 3D shape of a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is not observed.
x: A 3D shape of a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is not observed and the tape is peeled off from an electrode assembly.
4. Evaluation of Ability of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape to Fill Gap (Ability to Prevent Movement of Electrode Assembly)
An ability of the tape to fill a gap by may be measured using a method of evaluating a property of preventing a movement of an electrode assembly. For example, the above-described method includes a method of evaluating a residual vibration and a method of evaluating a residual impact. The method of evaluating the residual vibration is performed according to a vibration test of UN38.3 standard and it is judged that a terminal is disconnected by a movement when a power of a battery is not sensed after evaluation. For the way of evaluating the residual impact, a terminal is judged to be disconnected by a movement when a power of a battery is not sensed a predetermined time after a battery is added to an octagonal cylinder and then is spun. The abilities of the tapes to filling gaps, which were evaluated as described above, were evaluated according to the following criteria.
<Evaluation Criteria of Ability to Fill Gap>
◯: A power of a battery is measured after evaluations of a residual vibration and a residual impact.
Δ: A power of a battery is measured after evaluations of a residual vibration and a residual impact, but the resistivity is increased by 10% or more.
x: A power of a battery is not measured after evaluations of a residual vibration and a residual impact.
A film having a thickness of approximately 40 μm was formed with a composition including butanediol polyol and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate with an equivalent ratio of approximately 1:1 of the hydroxyl group of the polyol and the isocyanate group of the diisocyante, using T-die, and then cured to manufacture a substrate. A strain of the manufactured substrate in a longitudinal direction was approximately 100%.
After mixing 40 parts by weight urethane acrylate and 70 parts by weight isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) as diluents, 0.5 parts by weight of a photoinitiator (Irgacure-184, 1-hydroxyl cyclohexyl phenylketone) was further added, mixed, and defoamed to prepare a composition. The prepared composition was coated on a polyester release film to have a thickness of approximately 40 μm using a bar coater. The polyester release film was covered on the coating layer in order to prevent contact of oxygen and then the composition was cured by irradiation with light of the UV-A region at a radiation intensity of 800 mJ/cm2 using a metal halide lamp to manufacture a substrate layer. A strain of the manufactured substrate layer in a longitudinal direction was approximately 43%.
After mixing 60 parts by weight epoxy acrylate, 38 parts by weight IBOA, and 2 parts by weight acrylic acid, 1.2 parts by weight of a photoinitiator (Irgacure-184, 1-hydroxyl cyclohexyl phenylketone) was further added, mixed, and defoamed to prepare a composition. The prepared composition was coated on a polyester release film to have at thickness of approximately 40 μm using a bar coater. The polyester release film was covered on the coating layer in order to prevent contact of oxygen and then the composition was cured by irradiation with light of the UV-A region at a radiation intensity of 800 mJ/cm2 using a metal halide lamp to manufacture a substrate layer. A strain of the manufactured substrate layer in a longitudinal direction was approximately 11%.
A raw material including a cellulose acetate propionate compound having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 70,000 as measured by GPC was molded as a substrate layer having a thickness of approximately 40 μm using T-die. A strain of the manufactured substrate layer in a longitudinal direction was approximately 20%.
A pressure-sensitive adhesive tape was manufactured by forming a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having a thickness of 15 μm and a peel strength of 1,900 gf/25 mm with respect to a glass plate as an acrylic-based pressure-sensitive adhesive layer including an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive resin, which is crosslinked with an isocyanate crosslinking agent, on one surface of the urethane-based substrate layer (thickness of 40 μm) manufactured in Preparative Example 1.
Preparation of Electrode Assemblies and Batteries
A pressure-sensitive adhesive tape was attached to cover approximately 50% of the outer circumferential surface of a jelly roll-shaped electrode assembly (cross-sectional diameter: approximately 17.45 mm to 17.24 mm) in which the electrode assembly includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a separator, and then the electrode assembly was inserted into a cylindrical can (cross-sectional diameter: approximately 17.50 mm to 17.55 mm) Subsequently, a carbonate-based electrolyte was injected into the can, which was then sealed to complete a battery.
Pressure-sensitive adhesive tape and batteries were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that substrate layers were changed as shown in the following Table 1, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer based on the same composites as in Example 1 was used; but peel strengths of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layers to a glass were changed as shown in the following Table 1 when the pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes were manufactured.
Physical Properties measured for the above Examples and Comparative Examples are summarized and listed in the following Table 2.
The electrode assembly may be, for example, effectively fixed inside a can as a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape attached to an outer circumferential surface of the electrode assembly is formed into a 3D shape by an electrolyte. Thus, the electrode assembly does not move and rotate inside the can due to external vibration or impact and damage of welded regions of a tab or disconnection of inner circuits can be prevented.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2011-0008160 | Jan 2011 | KR | national |
| 10-2012-0008488 | Jan 2012 | KR | national |
This application is a Bypass Continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/KR2012/000672 filed on Jan. 27, 2012, which claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2011-0008160, filed Jan. 27, 2011, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2012-0008488, filed Jan. 27, 2012, the disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130280570 A1 | Oct 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/KR2012/000672 | Jan 2012 | US |
| Child | 13939650 | US |
