Patent Application
20150197229
The present disclosure relates generally to the field of vehicle brake systems. Concretely, an electrohydraulic vehicle brake system with an electromechanical actuator for actuating the brake system is described.
Electromechanical actuators have already been used for some time in vehicle brake systems, for example, for realizing an electrical parking brake function (EPB). In the case of electromechanical brake systems (EMB), they replace the conventional hydraulic cylinders at the wheel brakes.
Owing to technical advances, the efficiency of the electromechanical actuators has continually increased. It was therefore considered to use such actuators also for implementing modern driving dynamics control systems. Such control systems include an antilock braking system (ABS), a traction control system (TCS) or an electronic stability program (ESP), also referred to as vehicle stability control (VSC).
WO 2006/111393 A, and corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 8,540,324 B2, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in entirety, teach an electrohydraulic brake system having a highly dynamic electromechanical actuator which performs the pressure modulation in the driving dynamics control mode. The electromechanical actuator described in WO 2006/111393 A is provided to act directly on a master cylinder of the brake system. Owing to the high dynamics of the electromechanical actuator, the hydraulic components of the brake system known from WO 2006/111393 A can be reduced to a single 2/2-way valve per wheel brake. To realize wheel-individual pressure modulations, the valves are then activated individually or in groups in multiplex operation.
However, the minimizing to only one valve per wheel brake also results in challenges, such as an undesired pressure equalization when valves are opened simultaneously. A solution based on a highly dynamic control behaviour is specified for this in WO 2010/091883 A, and corresponding U.S. Patent No. US 2012/013173 A1, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in entirety.
WO 2010/091883 A discloses an electrohydraulic brake system having a master cylinder and a tandem piston accommodated therein. The tandem piston is actuable by means of an electromechanical actuator. The electromechanical actuator comprises an electric motor arranged concentrically with respect to the tandem piston, as well as a transmission arrangement which converts a rotational movement of the electric motor into a translational movement of the piston. The transmission arrangement is composed of a ball screw drive having a ball screw nut coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to a rotor of the electric motor and a ball screw spindle acting on the tandem piston.
A further electrohydraulic brake system having an electromechanical actuator acting on a master cylinder piston is known from WO 2012/152352 A, and corresponding U.S. Patent No. US 2014/197680 A1, both of which are incorporated by reference herein in entirety. This system can operate in a regenerative mode (generator mode).
An electrohydraulic vehicle brake system and a method for operating the same which have an improved functionality are to be specified.
According to a first aspect, an electrohydraulic motor-vehicle brake system is provided. This brake system comprises a master cylinder, an electromechanical actuator for actuating a first piston accommodated in the master cylinder, a receiving device for at least temporarily receiving hydraulic fluid from the master cylinder, and a set of electrically activatable valve arrangements, the set of valve arrangements comprising a respective first valve arrangement between the master cylinder and each one of a plurality of wheel brakes, and a second valve arrangement between the master cylinder and the receiving device. The brake system further comprises a control unit or control unit system, which is configured to activate at least one of the first valve arrangements and the second valve arrangement in multiplex operation.
The first piston accommodated in the master cylinder can be directly or indirectly actuated by the electromechanical actuator. For example, the electromechanical actuator can be arranged for direct action on the first piston of the master cylinder. For this, it can be mechanically coupled or couplable to the first piston. The first piston can then be directly actuated by the actuator. Alternatively to this, the electromechanical actuator can cooperate with a cylinder/piston device of the brake system different from the master cylinder and the cylinder/piston device can be fluidically coupled on the outlet side to the first piston of the master cylinder (e.g. directly). A hydraulic pressure built up in the cylinder/piston device by actuation of the electromechanical actuator can then act on the first piston and hydraulically actuate the first piston in the master cylinder. In this configuration, the first piston is thus hydraulically actuated via the hydraulic pressure generated in the cylinder/piston arrangement and with the aid of the electromechanical actuator (indirect actuation).
The control unit or control unit system can be configured to operate all of the first valve arrangements and the second valve arrangement in multiplex operation. According to one implementation, in multiplex operation, the hydraulic pressures at the wheel brakes are adjusted sequentially (individually or in groups) by opening and closing the first valve arrangements. The receiving device may also be affected by the sequential hydraulic pressure adjustment.
The multiplex operation can be a time multiplex operation. Generally, in the multiplex operation, individual time slots can be preset, during which one or more valve arrangements assigned to a specific time slot can be actuated (for example by changing the switching state once or more than once from open to closed and/or vice versa). According to one realization, each of the first valve arrangements is assigned exactly one time slot. The second valve arrangement can be assigned a further independent time slot. Alternatively to this, the second valve arrangement can be assigned one or more of those time slots which are also assigned to one or more of the first valve arrangements. Thus, the second valve arrangement can be actuated synchronously with one or more of the first valve arrangements in the multiplex operation.
According to one activating concept, the second valve arrangement is always open when at least one of the first valve arrangements is open. According to a further activating concept, the second valve arrangement is always closed when at least one of the first valve arrangements is open. Still further, alternative activating concepts are, of course, also conceivable.
The receiving device can be configured in various ways. According to one implementation, the receiving device is a conventional hydraulic pressure accumulator. The hydraulic pressure accumulator can be configured, for example, as an HPA (high pressure accumulator) or as an LPA (low pressure accumulator). Furthermore, the receiving device can be configured as a receiving cylinder. A second piston can be accommodated in the receiving cylinder. The second piston can, for example, be coupled or be adapted to be coupled to a brake pedal. Furthermore, the second piston can be biased, in order, for example, to counteract a brake pedal actuation.
The control unit or control unit system can be configured to act on the second piston by activating the second valve arrangement. This acting-on can consist in displacing the second piston in the receiving cylinder in a particular direction. According to one implementation, the control unit or control unit system is configured to produce, by acting on the second piston, a pedal reaction indicating a driver-independent braking intervention. The driver-independent braking intervention can be associated with a driving dynamics control mode.
The receiving cylinder, or generally the receiving device, can be coupled via a fluid line to a simulation device for hydraulic simulation of a pedal reaction characteristic of a service braking. A third valve arrangement can be provided between the receiving device and the simulation device. In this case, the second valve arrangement and the third valve arrangement are provided downstream of the receiving device in hydraulic lines which run parallel to one another and lead respectively to the master cylinder and the simulation device.
The third valve arrangement can be used to adjust a brake pedal characteristic or to switch between different characteristics. In this connection, the third valve arrangement can have a preset or adjustable throttling function. The third valve arrangement can be used, for example, to realize a sporty by a short response travel of the brake pedal, while a comfortable can be represented by a long response travel.
A fourth valve arrangement can be provided in a fluid line between the receiving device and an unpressurised fluid reservoir. Furthermore, a fifth valve arrangement can be installed in a fluid line between the master cylinder and the unpressurised fluid reservoir.
The control unit or control unit system can be configured to adjust hydraulic pressures individually in at least one of the wheel brakes and in the receiving device in multiplex operation. In this case, the first valve arrangements can be opened and closed wheel-individually or wheel-group-individually. The second valve arrangement can be opened and closed synchronously with one or more of the first valve arrangements. The synchronicity can be implemented by a synchronous activating concept, as described above.
The first valve arrangements and the second valve arrangement can in each case comprise a single valve. At least in the case of the first valve arrangements, this valve can be a non-adjustable shut-off valve.
Furthermore, the first valve arrangements and the second valve arrangements can be provided downstream of the master cylinder in hydraulic lines which run parallel to one another and lead respectively to the wheel brakes and the receiving device. According to one implementation, no further valves are provided functionally in these hydraulic lines between the master cylinder on the one hand and the wheel brakes and the receiving device on the other hand.
The electromechanical actuator can comprise an electric motor and a transmission coupled to the electric motor. The transmission can be coupled to an actuating member acting on the first piston. As an optional feature, the electric motor and the transmission are arranged at least partially concentrically with respect to the actuating member.
According to a further aspect, an electrohydraulic motor-vehicle brake system is specified. The brake system comprises a master cylinder for hydraulic pressure generation in a “push-through” mode of the brake system, an electromechanical hydraulic pressure generator for hydraulic pressure generation in a “break-by-wire” mode (BBW mode) of the brake system, and a set of electrically activatable valve arrangements. The set of valve arrangements comprises for each one of a plurality of wheel brakes a respective first valve arrangement between the master cylinder and the hydraulic pressure generator on the one hand and the wheel brake on the other hand and a second valve arrangement between the master cylinder and the electromechanical hydraulic pressure generator. Furthermore, there is provided a control unit or a control unit system, which is configured to activate at least one of the first valve arrangements and the second valve arrangement in multiplex operation.
In the brake system according to the second aspect, the control unit or control unit system can be configured to act on a piston, accommodated in the master cylinder and coupled or couplable to a brake pedal by activating the second valve arrangement. In this case, by acting on the piston, in particular a pedal reaction indicating a driver-independent braking intervention (for example a driving dynamics control) can be produced.
The hydraulic pressure generator according to the second aspect can comprise an electric motor and a transmission coupled to the electric motor. Furthermore, a piston coupled to the transmission and accommodated in a hydraulic cylinder can be provided. The hydraulic cylinder can be fluidically coupled or couplable to the wheel brakes. In particular, the first valve arrangements can be provided between the hydraulic cylinder and the respectively assigned wheel brake.
Generally, the first valve arrangements of the brake system presented here can each comprise exactly one electromagnetic valve. The electromagnetic valve can be opened for hydraulic pressure generation or for hydraulic pressure reduction at the associated wheel brake. To maintain a generated brake pressure or to uncouple the corresponding wheel brake from a hydraulic pressure build-up, the electromagnetic valve can be closed.
In each fluid line from the master cylinder to one of the wheel brakes, besides the first valve arrangement there can be provided no further valve arrangement for driving dynamics control purposes. However, overall the brake system can comprise at least one further valve for other purposes. Such a valve is then, however, not functionally connected between the master cylinder and one of the wheel brakes.
The control unit or the control unit system can be generally configured to activate the first valve arrangements during a driver-independent braking intervention (for example a driving dynamics control procedure). The control unit or the control unit system can in this case implement at least one of the following driving dynamics control functionalities for the driver-independent braking intervention: an antilock braking system (ABS), a traction control system (TCS) and an electronic stability program (ESP, also referred to as vehicle stability control, VSC).
Furthermore there is provided an electrohydraulic motor-vehicle brake system, which comprises a master cylinder, an electromechanical actuator for hydraulic pressure generation in a BBW mode of the brake system, a simulation device for producing a pedal reaction and a valve arrangement arranged upstream of the simulation device. The simulation device is configured to receive hydraulic fluid displaced upon a brake pedal actuation in the BBW mode, and the valve arrangement is able to selectively shut off the reception of hydraulic fluid in the simulation device. The brake system further comprises a control unit or a control unit system which is configured to activate the valve arrangement in the driving dynamics control mode of the brake system, in order to limit a brake pedal travel.
The brake pedal travel can be limited in the driving dynamics control mode compared with a brake pedal travel in the case of a service braking which does not require driving dynamics control. By means of the limited brake pedal travel, the driver can be haptically informed at the brake pedal about the beginning of the driving dynamics control. According to one implementation, the brake pedal travel limitation can be dependent on a coefficient of friction of the roadway. For example, the brake pedal travel limitation could take place in a specific relationship to this coefficient of friction.
There is also provided a method for operating an electrohydraulic motor-vehicle brake system, which comprises a master cylinder, an electromechanical actuator for actuating a first piston accommodated in the master cylinder, a receiving device for at least temporarily receiving hydraulic fluid from the master cylinder, a set of electrically activatable valve arrangements, and a plurality of wheel brakes, the set of valve arrangements comprising a respective first valve arrangement between the master cylinder and each wheel brake, and a second valve arrangement between the master cylinder and the receiving device. The method comprises the step of activating at least one of the first valve arrangements and the second valve arrangement in multiplex operation.
In multiplex operation, in each case individual hydraulic pressure can be adjusted or else be adjustable in at least one of the wheel brakes and in the receiving device. The multiplex operation can take place in such a manner that, when different hydraulic pressures have to be set at a plurality of wheel brakes and in the receiving device, the valve arrangements concerned are initially all opened and then individually closed when an individual target pressure is reached. As already stated above, the multiplex operation can be based on time slots, at least one of the valve arrangements being assigned to each time slot.
When the receiving device is configured as a receiving cylinder, in which a second piston coupled to a brake pedal is provided, the second valve arrangement can be actuated in multiplex operation, in order to act (hydraulically) on the second piston. The acting on the second piston can produce a pedal reaction indicating a driver-independent braking intervention. This pedal reaction may be, for example, the typical pulsations of a driving dynamics control mode. Alternatively or additionally to this, the acting on the second piston can realize a pedal travel limitation, in order to indicate a roadway coefficient of friction via the pedal travel.
Also specified is a method for operating an electrohydraulic vehicle brake system, which comprises a master cylinder for hydraulic pressure generation in a “push-through” mode of the brake system, an electromechanical hydraulic pressure generator for hydraulic pressure generation in a BBW mode of the brake system, a set of electrically activatable valve arrangements and a plurality of wheel brakes, the set of valve arrangements comprising per wheel brake a respective first valve arrangement between the master cylinder and the hydraulic pressure generator on the one hand and the wheel brake on the other hand and a second valve arrangement between the master cylinder and the electromechanical hydraulic pressure generator. The method comprises the step of activating at least one of the first valve arrangements and the second valve arrangement in multiplex operation.
According to the second method aspect, by activating the second valve arrangement, a piston, accommodated in the master cylinder and coupled or couplable to a brake pedal, can be acted on. By acting on the piston, a pedal reaction indicating a driver-independent braking intervention can be produced. Alternatively or additionally to this, the acting on the piston can realise a pedal travel limitation, in order to indicate a roadway coefficient of friction via the pedal travel.
In all the aspects presented here, an actuation of the first valve arrangements can be prioritised over an actuation of the second valve arrangement in the multiplex operation. If, for example, it can be detected that the available hydraulic fluid volume might not be sufficient for a particular process, the second valve arrangement can remain closed in order to prioritise the first valve arrangements.
Further specified is a method for operating an electrohydraulic motor-vehicle brake system, which comprises a master cylinder, an electromechanical actuator for hydraulic pressure generation in a BBW mode of the brake system, a simulation device for producing a pedal reaction and a valve arrangement arranged upstream of the simulation device. The simulation device is configured to receive hydraulic fluid displaced upon a brake pedal actuation in the BBW mode, the valve arrangement being able to selectively shut off the reception of hydraulic fluid in the simulation device. The operating method comprises the step of activating the valve arrangement in a driving dynamics control mode of the brake system, in order to limit a brake pedal travel.
Also provided is a computer program product with program code means for carrying out the method presented here when the computer program product runs on at least one processor. Further specified is a motor-vehicle control unit or control unit system, which comprises the computer program product.
According to a first variant, in the brake system presented here, the electromechanical actuator is configured to actuate the master cylinder piston in the context of a brake force boosting. The brake force to be boosted can in this case be exerted on the piston by means of the mechanical actuator. According to another variant, the electromechanical actuator is configured to actuate the piston for brake force generation. This variant can be used, for example, in the context of a BBW operation, in which the brake pedal is (normally) mechanically decoupled from the master cylinder piston. In the case of a brake system designed for BBW operation, the mechanical actuator is used to actuate the piston, for instance, in the event of failure of a BBW component (i.e. in the “push-through” mode or in the event of an emergency braking).
Depending on the configuration of the vehicle brake system, the selective decoupling of the brake pedal from the master cylinder piston by means of a decoupling device can occur for different purposes. In the case of a brake system designed according to the BBW principle, apart from an emergency braking mode (in which the brake pedal is coupled to the master cylinder piston via the mechanical actuator), permanent decoupling can be provided. In the case of a regenerative brake system, such a decoupling can take place at least in the context of a regenerative braking mode (generator mode). In other brake systems, the decoupling device and the simulation device can also be completely omitted.
To drive the electromechanical actuator and optional further components of the vehicle brake system, the brake system can have suitable drive devices. These drive devices can comprise electrical, electronic or program-controlled assemblies and combinations thereof. For example, the drive devices can be provided in a common control unit or in a system comprising separate control units (electronic control units, ECUs).
Other advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, when read in light of the accompanying drawings.
As illustrated in
The master cylinder assembly 104 has a master cylinder 110 with a piston 140 accommodated displaceably therein. The piston is configured in the embodiment as a tandem piston with a primary piston 112 and a secondary piston 114 and defines in the master cylinder 110 two hydraulic chambers 116, 118 separated from one another. The two hydraulic chambers 116, 118 of the master cylinder 110 are connected to an unpressurised hydraulic fluid reservoir 120 via a respective connection in order to supply them with hydraulic fluid. Each of the two hydraulic chambers 116, 118 is further coupled to the HCU 106 and defines a respective brake circuit I. and II. In the embodiment, there is provided for the brake circuit I. a hydraulic pressure sensor 122, which could also be integrated into the HCU 106.
The master cylinder assembly 104 further comprises an electromechanical actuator 124 as well as a mechanical actuator 126. Both the electromechanical actuator 124 and the mechanical actuator 126 enable an actuation of the master cylinder piston and for this purpose act on an input-side end face of this piston, to be more precise of the primary piston 112. The actuators 124, 126 are configured in such a manner as to be able to actuate the master cylinder piston independently of one another (and separately or jointly).
In the variant of the master cylinder assembly 104 shown in
In an alternative configuration of the master cylinder assembly 104, the piston of the master cylinder 110 can be hydraulically actuated (not shown in
The mechanical actuator 126 has a force transmission element 128 which is configured in the form of a rod and is able to act directly on the input-side end face of the primary piston 112. As shown in
The electromechanical actuator 124 has an electric motor 134 and a transmission 136, 138 downstream of the electric motor 134 on the drive side. In the embodiment, the transmission is an arrangement composed of a rotatably mounted nut 136 and a spindle 138 in engagement with the nut 136 (e.g. via rolling bodies such as balls) and movable in the axial direction. In other embodiments, toothed rack transmissions or other transmission types can be used.
In the present embodiment, the electric motor 134 has a cylindrical design and extends concentrically with respect to the force transmission element 128 of the mechanical actuator 126. To be more precise, the electric motor 134 is arranged radially outside with respect to the force transmission element 128. A rotor (not shown) of the electric motor 134 is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the transmission nut 136, in order to set the latter in rotation. A rotary movement of the nut 136 is transmitted to the spindle 138 in such a manner that an axial displacement of the spindle 138 results. In this procedure, the end side, on the left in
As shown in
In the context of the service braking, the electromechanical actuator 124 thus performs the brake force generating function. In this case, a brake force required by depressing the brake pedal 130 is generated by the fact that the spindle 138 is displaced to the left in
The level of the brake force, resulting therefrom, of the wheel brakes VL, VR, HL and HR is set in dependence on a sensor-detected brake pedal actuation. For this purpose, a travel sensor 146 and a force sensor 148 are provided, the output signals of which are evaluated by a control unit (electronic control unit, ECU) 150 driving the electric motor 134. The travel sensor 146 detects an actuation travel associated with an actuation of the brake pedal 130, while the force sensor 148 detects an actuation force associated therewith. A drive signal for the electric motor 134 is generated by the control unit 150 in dependence on the output signals of the sensors 146, 148 (and optionally of the pressure sensor 122).
Since the procedures in the case of a service braking have been explained in more detail, the emergency braking mode will now be briefly outlined. The emergency braking mode is, for example, the consequence of the failure of the vehicle battery or of a component of the electromechanical actuator 124. A deactivation of the decoupling device 142 (and of the simulation device 108) in the emergency braking mode enables a direct coupling of the brake pedal 130 to the master cylinder 110, namely via the force transmission element 128 (“push-through” mode). The emergency braking is initiated by depressing the brake pedal 130. The brake pedal actuation is then transmitted via the force transmission element 128 to the master cylinder 110. Consequently, the piston arrangement 112, 114 is displaced to the left in
In the case of the embodiment according to
The hydraulic pressure modulation in the driving dynamics control mode takes place by means of the electromechanical actuator 124. In other words, the electromechanical actuator 124 is activated not only for brake force generation in the context of a service braking, but also, for example, for the purpose of driving dynamics control (thus e.g. in the ABS and/or TCS and/or ESP control mode). Together with the activation of the electromechanical actuator 124, a wheel-individual or wheel-group-individual activation of the valves 152, 154, 156, 158 takes place in a time multiplex operation. For the multiplex operation, each of the valves 152, 154, 156, 158 can then be assigned its own time slot in which the valve concerned can be activated once or more than once (e.g. opened and/or closed). In the implementation shown in
In multiplex operation, for example, initially a plurality of or all of the valves 152, 154, 156, 158 can be opened and simultaneously a hydraulic pressure can be built up at a plurality of or all of the assigned wheel brakes VL, VR, HL and HR by means of the electromechanical actuator 124. When a wheel-individual target pressure is reached, the corresponding valve 152, 154, 156, 158 then closes, while one or more further valves 152, 154, 156, 158 still remain open until the respective target pressure is reached at those too. In multiplex operation, the four valves 152, 154, 156, 158 are therefore opened and closed, time-slot-synchronously, individually per wheel or wheel group in dependence on the respective target pressure.
According to one embodiment, the valves 152, 154, 156, 158 are realised as 2/2-way valves and configured, for example, as non-adjustable shut-off valves. In this case, therefore, no opening cross-section can be adjusted, as would be the case for example with proportional valves. In another embodiment, the valves 152, 154, 156, 158 are realized as proportional valves with adjustable opening cross-section.
As illustrated in
In the embodiment, the valve arrangement 178 comprises a single valve which can be configured as an adjustable or non-adjustable shut-off valve and integrated into the HCU 106. The receiving device 142A can be a pressure accumulator (for example a diaphragm-based LPA or HPA). The receiving device 142A could also be configured as a cylinder/piston arrangement.
All five valves 152, 154, 156, 158, 178 are activatable by the control unit 150 in multiplex operation. Such an activation can take place for different purposes, for example for temporary storage of hydraulic fluid in the receiving device 142A. The receiving device 142A therefore functions as an “additional” hydraulic fluid consumer besides the four wheel brakes VL, VR, HL and HR. In other words, the receiving device 142A “simulates” a “fifth” wheel. According to this point of view, the “five” wheels are controllable wheel-individually or wheel-group-individually in multiplex operation. In a time-slot-based multiplex operation, the valve arrangement 178 could be assigned its own time slot. In this case, an activating cycle of the control unit 150 would comprise five time slots (one time slot for each of the five valves 152, 154, 156, 158, 178). Alternatively to this, the valve arrangement 178 could be assigned one or more of the time slots which are provided for the multiplex valves 152, 154, 156, 158. In this case, an activating cycle comprises four time slots.
The vehicle brake system 100 illustrated in
Between the respective first connection 160, 162 and the respective second connection 164, 166 of the master cylinder 110 there is provided a respective valve 170, 172 which is realized as a 2/2-way valve in the embodiment. The first and second connections 160, 162, 164, 166 can be selectively connected to one another by means of the valves 170, 172. This corresponds to a “hydraulic short circuit” between the master cylinder 110 on the one hand and, on the other hand, the unpressurised hydraulic fluid reservoir (which is then connected to the hydraulic chambers 116, 118 via the annular chambers 110A, 110B). In this state, the pistons 112, 114 in the master cylinder 110 can be displaced by the electromechanical actuator 124 or the mechanical actuator 126 in a manner substantially free from resistance (“free travel clearance”). The two valves 170, 172 thus enable, for example, a regenerative braking mode (generator mode). Here, the hydraulic fluid displaced from the hydraulic chambers 116, 118 upon a conveying movement in the master cylinder 110 is then led not to the wheel brakes, but to the unpressurised hydraulic fluid reservoir, without a hydraulic pressure build-up (usually undesired in the regenerative braking mode) occurring at the wheel brakes. A braking effect is then obtained in the regenerative braking mode by the generator (cf. reference symbol 102 in
It should be pointed out that the regenerative braking mode can be implemented by axle. In the case of an axle-based brake circuit configuration, therefore, one of the two valves 170, 172 can be closed and the other open in the regenerative braking mode.
The two valves 170, 172 furthermore enable the reduction of hydraulic pressure at the wheel brakes. Such a pressure reduction may be desired in the event of failure (e.g. blocking) of the electromechanical actuator 124 or in the driving dynamics control mode, in order to avoid a return stroke of the electromechanical actuator 124 (e.g. in order to avoid a reaction on the brake pedal). For the pressure reduction also, the two valves 170, 172 are transferred into their open position, whereby hydraulic fluid can flow out of the wheel brakes, via the annular chambers 110A, 110B in the master cylinder 110, back into the hydraulic fluid reservoir.
Finally, the valves 170, 172 also enable a refilling of the hydraulic chambers 116, 118 as well. Such a refilling may be required during a braking procedure in progress (e.g. owing to so-called brake “fading”). For refilling, the wheel brakes are fluidically separated from the hydraulic chambers 116, 118 via assigned valves of the HCU (not shown in
As shown in
Each of the two pistons 108B, 142B is biased into its starting position by an elastic element 108C, 142D (here in each case a helical spring). The characteristic of the elastic element 108C of the simulation device 108 defines here the desired pedal reaction.
As further shown in
The first valve 174 enables a selective activation and deactivation of the decoupling device 142 (and indirectly also of the simulation device 108). If the valve 174 is in its open position, the cylinder 142A of the decoupling device 142 is hydraulically connected to the unpressurised hydraulic reservoir. In this position, the decoupling device 142 is deactivated in accordance with the emergency braking mode. Furthermore, the simulation device 108 is also deactivated.
The opening of the valve 174 has the effect that, upon displacement of the piston 142B (as a result of an actuation of the brake pedal), the hydraulic fluid received in the cylinder 142A can be conveyed into the unpressurised hydraulic fluid reservoir in a manner largely free from resistance. This procedure is substantially independent of the position of the valve 176, since the latter also has a significant throttling effect in its open position. Thus, in the open position of the valve 174, the simulation device 108 is also indirectly deactivated.
Upon a brake pedal actuation in the open state of the valve 174, the piston extension 142C overcomes a gap 190 towards the force transmission element 128 and consequently comes into abutment against the force transmission element 128. After the gap 190 has been overcome, the force transmission element 128 is taken along by the displacement of the piston extension 142C and thereupon actuates the primary piston 112 (and—indirectly—the secondary piston 114) in the brake master cylinder 110. This corresponds to the direct coupling, already explained in connection with
By contrast, when the valve 174 is closed (and the valve 178 is closed), the decoupling device 142 is activated. This corresponds to the service braking mode. In this case, upon an actuation of the brake pedal, hydraulic fluid is conveyed from the cylinder 142A into the cylinder 108A of the simulation device 108. In this way, the simulator piston 108B is displaced against the counterforce provided by the elastic element 108C, so that the usual pedal reaction arises. Simultaneously, the gap 190 between the piston extension 142C and the force transmission element 128 is further maintained. As a result, the brake pedal is mechanically decoupled from the master cylinder.
In the present embodiment, the maintaining of the gap 190 takes place as a result of the fact that the primary piston 112 is moved, by means of the electromechanical actuator 124, at least as quickly to the left in
The maintaining of the gap 190 in the service braking mode requires precise detection of the distance traveled by the piston 142B (and thus of the pedal travel). For this purpose, a travel sensor 146 based on a magnetic principle is provided. The travel sensor 146 comprises a plunger 146A which is rigidly coupled to the piston 142B and to the end of which is attached a magnetic element 146B. The movement of the magnetic element 146B (i.e. the distance traveled by the plunger 146B and piston 142B) is detected by means of a Hall sensor 146C. An output signal of the Hall sensor 146C is evaluated by a control unit (cf. reference symbol 150 in
Now to the second valve 176, which is arranged upstream of the simulation device 108 and can be omitted in some embodiments. This valve 176 has a preset or adjustable throttling function. By means of the adjustable throttling function, for example a hysteresis or other characteristic for the pedal reaction can be obtained. In this way, for example a driver may be permitted to switch between different brake pedal characteristics. A short response travel of the brake pedal can simulate a sporty here, while a comfortable can be represented by a long response travel. The corresponding switching for the brake pedal can be coupled with another switching, for example for a chassis damping.
Furthermore, by selective closing of the valve 176, the movement of the piston 142B (when the valves 174, 178 are closed) and thus the brake pedal travel can be limited.
The third valve 178 enables in its open position the conveying of hydraulic fluid from the piston 142A into the brake circuit I. or the hydraulic chamber 116 of the master cylinder 110 and vice versa. A conveying of fluid from the piston 142A into the brake circuit I. enables, for example, a rapid braking (e.g. before the beginning of the conveying action of the electromechanical actuator 124), the valve 178 being immediately closed again. Furthermore, when the valve 178 is open, a hydraulic reaction (e.g. of a pressure modulation generated by means of the electromechanical actuator 124 in the driving dynamics control mode) on the brake pedal via the piston 142B can be obtained.
In a hydraulic line leading to the connection 180 of the cylinder 142A, there is provided a pressure sensor 148 whose output signal allows a conclusion to be drawn about the actuating force on the brake pedal. The output signal of this pressure sensor 148 is evaluated by a control unit (not shown in
In the brake system 100 shown in
In the embodiment shown in
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the (already present) valve 178 is activated in multiplex operation synchronously with the four multiplex valves assigned to the wheel brake. Thus, hydraulic pressure pulsations which are generated by means of the electromechanical actuator 124 and indicate a driving dynamics control mode can be transmitted into the cylinder 142A by complete or partial opening of the valve 178. The hydraulic pressure pulsations in the cylinder 142A in turn are haptically perceived by the driver when the brake pedal is partially or completely depressed.
Additionally or alternatively to this, by choosing a suitable instant for the closure of all three valves 174, 176, 178 assigned to the cylinder 142A, it is possible to achieve a targeted pedal travel limitation which reflects the coefficient of friction of the roadway via the length of the pedal travel. For, if the three valves 174, 176, 178 are closed, no more hydraulic fluid can escape from the cylinder 142A, which corresponds to a limitation of the pedal travel. For pedal travel limitation, therefore, the valve 176 assigned to the simulation device 108 can therefore also be closed (optionally synchronously with the valve 178). Generally, the valve 176 can be closed in particular when the valve 178 is opened or when, with the valve 178 closed—as described above—a pedal travel limitation is desired.
Advantageously, in multiplex operation, depending on the actuating direction of the pistons 112, 114 accommodated in the master cylinder 110, hydraulic fluid can be both conveyed into and withdrawn from the cylinder 142A (the same applies of course in the embodiment according to
Overall, various activation concepts are conceivable for the four multiplex valves assigned to the wheel brakes and for the further valve 178 (and also of the valve 176 arranged the simulation device 108). If, for example in the context of an active brake pedal actuation by the driver, it is detected at a specific instant that one or more of the wheels require a driving dynamics control (for example an ABS control), firstly the valve 176 to the simulation device 108 is closed for the pedal travel limitation (i.e. in order to indicate the low coefficient of friction of the roadway via the length of the pedal travel). The valves 174 and 178 are in this case likewise in a closed state.
In the context of the driving dynamics control, the multiplex valve at the wheel brake of each wheel concerned is now opened once or more than once (for example according to pressure build-up, pressure maintaining, and pressure reduction phases). In order to give the driver haptic feedback regarding the driving dynamics control, the valve 178 is also actuated in the course of the multiplex operation, i.e. for example repeatedly opened and closed. In this way, hydraulic pressure changes in the cylinder 142A which bring about the ABS-characteristic, pulsating pedal reaction can be obtained.
With regard to multiplex operation, various activating scenarios for the valve 178 are conceivable. According to a first variant, the valve 178 is opened or closed synchronously with one or more of the multiplex valves assigned to the wheel brakes (in particular those valves affected by the driving dynamics control). Alternatively to this, the multiplex valves assigned to the wheel brakes and the valve 178 can also be sequentially activated. According to each of these activating scenarios, a hydraulic feedthrough arises between the master cylinder 110 and the cylinder 142A when the valve 178 is open. A corresponding displacement of the master cylinder pistons 112, 114 by means of the electromechanical actuator 124 therefore results in a hydraulic reaction in the cylinder 142A and thus at the brake pedal. Via suitable activating strategies for the electromechanical actuator 124, it is thus possible to influence not only the intensity of the pedal movements; the time profile and the frequency of the pedal feedback to the driver can also be influenced by software control.
It may be desired not to allow any change in the absolute (total) pedal travel, despite the described reactions on the brake pedal. For this reason, to achieve a desired pedal movement, exactly the same hydraulic fluid volume can be conveyed into the cylinder 142A as is later let back into the master cylinder 110 again. The corresponding conveying volumes can be adjusted in a targeted manner by suitable activation of the electromechanical actuator 124.
The brake system 100 according to
The valves 178′ are opened only in a “push-through” mode of the brake system 100. In this mode, hydraulic fluid can be displaced from the chambers 116, 118 to the wheel brakes VL, VR, HL and HR (the multiplex valves 152, 154, 156, 158 are then open) by means of a mechanical actuator 126 which is coupled to a brake pedal (not shown in
In the present embodiment, the multiplex operation includes, besides the four valves 152, 154, 156, 158, which in turn are assigned to the four wheel brakes VL, VR, HL and HR, in each case at least one of the two further valve arrangements illustrated in
According to
In a departure from this conventional scenario, it is proposed, according to the approach presented here, to indicate to the driver haptically on the partially actuated brake pedal the presence of a roadway surface with a low coefficient of friction. For this, the brake pedal travel in the embodiment is initially limited and subsequently freed stepwise, in order to give the driver pedal feedback. Generally, the pedal travel can be adjusted in dependence on (for example indirectly proportional to) the roadway coefficient of friction. Thus, for example, it would be possible, as illustrated in
After the requirement of an ABS control has been detected at the instant t1, firstly the valve 176 is energized in the manner of a ramp, in order to gradually shut off the hydraulic connection to the simulation device 108 and smoothly limit the pedal travel. It is assumed here that the hydraulic fluid displaced upon a brake pedal actuation cannot escape elsewhere. This corresponds, in the embodiment according to
At the instants t2 and t3, in each case a certain increase of the roadway coefficient of friction is detected. For this reason, the valve 176 is in each case opened for a short time (i.e. put into the deenergized state). In the deenergized state, hydraulic fluid can escape into the simulation device 108. This is noticeable in
In the embodiment according to
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
Following this volume displacement, the pedal travel is kept at a constant value, i.e. limited, until an instant t3. At the instant t3, a volume displacement of the same size then takes place in the opposite direction. The processes taking place at the instants t2 and t3 can be repeated several times until at the instant tx the ABS control can be ended.
The pedal travel modulation shown in
Overall, the teaching presented here enables improved functionality of an electrohydraulic vehicle brake system in various respects. By extending the multiplex operation from four multiplex valves 152, 154, 156, 158, which are assigned to the wheel brakes, to one or more further valve arrangements, novel operating modes can be implemented. Thus, for example, it is possible according to various operating modes to give haptic feedback to the driver at the brake pedal, for instance by a pedal travel limitation. This haptic feedback may also indicate a dangerous situation, such as an ABS control mode.
In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the principle and mode of operation of this invention have been explained and illustrated in its preferred embodiments. However, it must be understood that this invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically explained and illustrated without departing from its spirit or scope.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2012 025 247.1 | Dec 2012 | DE | national |
This application is a national stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2013/074926 filed Nov. 28, 2013, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in entirety, and which claimed priority to German Patent Application No. DE 10 2012 025 247.1 filed Dec. 21, 2012, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/074926 | 11/28/2013 | WO | 00 |
