Electrolytic cell

Abstract

My electrolytic cell is uniquely designed to improve the ionic flow of the dissociated ions present in the electrolytic bath when a direct current is present. The cell consists of an outer cylinder made of palladium, a middle cylinder made of platinum, and a center electrode also made of palladium. The middle platinum cylinder is perforated with holes, allowing for the electrolyte and dissociated ions to flow from the outer interior cell chamber to the inner interior cell chamber and vice versa. A dual polarity, direct current power supply is connected to the cell by either a double pole, double throw switch or by an integrated switching circuit. The purpose of the switch is to periodically reverse the polarities of the cell's palladium electrodes creating a fluctuating and alternating ion flow.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not Applicable

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

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REFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIX

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BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

1. Technical Field

My invention is an improvement on the standard electrolytic cell and is designed to facilitate the flow of ions present in an electrolytic bath when a current is present.

2. Background Art

Most all electrolytic cells are designed with two terminals. My design includes a third terminal that remains negative to the positive terminal yet positive to the negative electrode, and functions as an ion kicker that accelerates the anions in the bath to the positive electrode and the cations in the bath to the negative electrode. This cell also has the unique ability to reverse each ion's flow direction, which keeps them constantly active and moving.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

My invention is an electrolytic cell uniquely designed to improve the flow consistency of the dissociated ions in the electrolyte. By using a dual polarity power supply connected with a double pole double throw switch, the ionic flows can be reversed regularly, thus keeping the function of the cell consistent, while preventing any impurities and metallic plating from building up on the palladium electrodes. Other patents, such as U.S. Pat. No. 6,090,534 to Costigan et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 3,976,484 to Ando et al., use other techniques to accomplish a similar task.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified view of the electrolytic cell according to the invention, shown in partial section, illustrates an outer cylindrical casing of plastic 23 with an inner lining made of palladium 25. A middle perforated cylinder made of platinum 26 sits inside said outer palladium cylinder 25. Placed in the center of the cell and also in the center of said platinum cylinder is a palladium electrode rod 24. The outer interior cell chamber 27 and the inner interior cell chamber 28 both allow the electrolytic bath to pass between them through the holes 29 in the platinum cylinder 26. A direct current electric current is supplied to the cell by a dual polarity direct current power supply 20, which is connected to the center palladium rod electrode 24, to the middle platinum cylinder electrode 26, and to the outer palladium cylinder electrode 25 as shown. When the double pole double throw switch is toggled in mode A, the voltage polarities of said three electrodes are illustrated. Also shown are the directional flows of the disassociated ions if a bath of lithium deuterium oxide, water, heavy water, dilute hydrochloride acid, and added tritium ions is used. The load resistors 22 and the plastic bases are used to prevent any electrical short circuiting.

FIG. 2 (new): FIG. 2 is a simplified view of the electrolytic cell according to the invention, shown in partial section, with the double pole double throw switch 21 toggled to position B, which reverses the voltage polarities of the two palladium electrodes as shown, such that the ions change flow direction to the opposite palladium electrodes respectively, through the holes 29 of the platinum cylindrical electrode 26.

FIG. 3 (new): FIG. 3 is a simplified top view of the electrolytic cell, according to the invention, illustrating the outer palladium cylindrical electrode 25, the middle perforated platinum cylindrical electrode 26, the central palladium electrode post 24.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

My invention is a uniquely designed electrolytic cell that improves the ionic flow of the dissociated ions present in an electrolytic bath when a direct current is present. The cell consists of an outer cylindrical lining of palladium 25, a middle cylinder 26 that is perforated and made of platinum, and a central palladium rod 24. The outer interior cell chamber 27 and the inner interior cell chamber 28 are filled with an electrolyte of choice and are connected by way of the holes in the platinum electrode 26. A double pole double throw switch 21 connects the three cell electrodes to a dual polarity direct current power supply 20 as shown in FIG. 1. An integrated switching circuit (I.C.) can be substituted for the double pole double throw switch. The electrolyte I used is composed of lithium deuterium oxide, water, heavy water, dilute hydrochloric acid, and added tritium ions. When an electric current is sent through said electrolyte, the following dissociated ions may be produced: H⁺, D⁺, Li⁺, ³H⁺, O⁻, Cl⁻.

When an electric current is present and the double pole double throw switch is toggled to position A (FIG. 1), the outer palladium lined cylinder electrode 25 has a positive voltage charge (V⁺), the center palladium rod 24 has a negative voltage charge (V⁻), while the middle platinum cylinder 26 becomes ground zero which is relatively more positive than electrode 24 but more negative than electrode 25. Therefore, the positive dissociated ions in the electrolyte, such as H⁺, D⁺, Li⁺, ³H⁺, will migrate to the center negative palladium electrode 24, while the negative ions, such as O⁻, Cl⁻, will flow to the positive outer palladium electrode lining 25 all passing through the holes in the middle platinum electrode cylinder 26. The function of the middle platinum cylinder 26 is first to attract both sets of ions then to push them along through its holes to their respective electrodes.

The negative said ions in the inner chamber 28 will first be attracted to the platinum electrode 26, which is relatively more positive in charge. Then after passing through the holes 29, these negative ions will proceed to the much more positive palladium electrode lining 25. At the same time, the positive said ions in the outer chamber 27 will first be attracted to the platinum electrode 26, which is relatively more negative in charge; pass through the holes 29; and proceed to the much more negative palladium center rod 24. The negative ions in the outer chamber 27 will be more attracted to the more positively charged outer palladium electrode 25 and not approach the platinum electrode 26 at all. Likewise, the positive cations in the inner chamber 28 will move directly to the center more negative palladium electrode 24, also avoiding the platinum electrode 26.

When the double pole double throw switch 21 is toggled to position B as shown in FIG. 2, the voltage polarities on the palladium electrodes are reversed. Since the middle platinum cylinder remains at the ground zero charge, its function and its influence on the ions stay the same. However, the ions now reverse their flow direction such that the positive cations, such as H⁺, D⁺, Li⁺, ³H⁺, now migrate to the outer negative palladium lined electrode, while the negative anions, such as O⁻, Cl⁻, will now flow to the inner positive palladium rod 24.

Claims

1. A uniquely designed electrolytic cell which consists of an outer cylinder composed of palladium, a middle perforated cylinder made of platinum, and a central rod made of palladium, whereby these metal electrodes are connected to a dual polarity direct current power supply 20 by a double throw double pole switch 21, whereas said cell is filled with an electrolytic solution which may consist of water, heavy water, lithium deuterium oxide, diluted hydrochloric acid, and added tritium ions which will dissociate into Li+, O−, D+, H+, Cl−, and 3H+ ions when said power supply is connected . to the electrodes of the cell, such that when said switch is in position A (FIG. 1) the negative ions in said electrolytic solution will migrate to the outer positive palladium electrode lining 25 while the positive ions will flow toward the center negative palladium rod 24, and conversely when said switch 21 is toggled to position B (FIG. 2) and the polarities of the palladium electrodes are reversed, said negative ions change direction and move toward the center positive palladium rod 24 while the positive ions move now to the negative outer palladium cylindrical lining 25, such that in both cases the ions will pass through the center perforated platinum cylinder 26.

2. The perforated platinum cylinder 26, described in claim 1, is placed in the cell between the outer palladium lining 25 and the center palladium rod 24, and is connected to the ground lead of the dual polarity power supply 20.

3. The perforated platinum cylinder 26, described in claim 2, has a more positive charge than said negative center rod 24 when said double pole double throw switch 21 is in position A (FIG. 1), but at the same time, is more negative in charge relative to the positive cylindrical palladium electrode 25, such that said platinum electrode assists and maintains the positive ions in flowing from the outer chamber 27 to the inner chamber 28 and the negative ions in flowing from the inner chamber 28 to the outer chamber 27.

4. The perforated platinum cylinder 26, described in claim 2, has a more negative charge than said positive center rod 24 when said double pole double throw switch 21 is in position B (FIG. 2), but at the same time, is more positive in charge relative to the outer negative palladium electrode 25, such that said platinum electrode assists and maintains the negative ions in flowing from the outer chamber 27 to the inner chamber 28 and the positive ions in flowing from said inner interior chamber 28 to said outer interior chamber 27.