Patent Application
20050152720
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic induction heat generating roller that generates heat by electromagnetic induction heating for heating a sheet-like material to be heated by making continuous contact with the material to be heated. Further, this invention relates to a heating device for fixing a toner image on a recording material by heating in an image forming apparatus that forms an image using toner by an electrophotographic method or another similar method that is used for copiers, printers and the like. Moreover, this invention relates to an image forming apparatus including such a heating device as a fixing device.
Description will be made by using as an example a fixing device (heating device) in an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copier, a printer or the like. A fixing device for use in image forming apparatuses is a device that permanently fixes an unfixed toner image on a surface of a recording material by heat. The unfixed toner image has been formed on the recording material using toner formed from a thermally meltable resin or the like. The fixing of the toner image is performed by an appropriate image formation processing method such as electrophotography, electrostatic recording or the like.
As a method used most commonly for such fixing devices, a roller fixing method has been known. In the roller fixing method, a recording material is introduced into a nip part formed by a heating roller that is heated and adjusted so that a predetermined fixing temperature is attained and a pressing roller that is opposed to and is in contact under pressure with the heating roller. At the nip part, the recording material is conveyed while being sandwiched between the rollers so that an unfixed toner image is fixed on a surface of the recording material by heating. As a heat source of a heating roller for use in the roller fixing method, a halogen lamp has been in frequent use.
Meanwhile, in recent years, in response to the demand for a reduction in power consumption and warm-up time, roller heating type devices employing an electromagnetic induction heating method have been proposed.
In
Furthermore, in addition to devices of the above-mentioned roller heating type using the heat generating roller 820 having the induction heat generating layer 821 as shown in
In
In the above-mentioned conventional induction heating fixing device of the roller heating type shown in
Similarly, in the conventional induction heating fixing device of the belt heating type shown in
It is an object of the present invention to solve the problems with the conventional technique and to provide a heat generating roller for use in an induction heating method that achieves an improvement in heat generation efficiency and allows damage to bearings or the like to be prevented, a heating device using the heat generating roller, and a heating device of the belt heating type also utilizing electromagnetic induction. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus that achieves excellent energy efficiency and allows problems occurring in bearings to be reduced.
An electromagnetic induction heat generating roller according to the present invention includes a core material, an elastic layer, an induction heat generating layer, and a mold releasing layer, which are provided outwardly in this order. In the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller, a magnetism shielding layer that prevents entry of magnetic flux into the core material is provided between the induction heat generating layer and the core material.
Furthermore, a first heating device according to the present invention includes the above-mentioned electromagnetic induction heat generating roller according to the present invention, a pressing roller that is in contact under pressure with the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller so as to form a nip part, and a magnetic field generating unit that applies a magnetic field to the induction heat generating layer of the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller so that the induction heat generating layer generates heat by induction. In the first heating device, a material to be heated introduced into the nip part is conveyed under pressure by the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller and the pressing roller so as to be heated continuously.
Furthermore, a second heating device according to the present invention includes an electromagnetic induction heat generating belt having an induction heat generating layer, a supporting roller that is composed of a core material and a heat insulating layer provided on an outer side of the core material and makes contact internally with the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt so that the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt is supported rotatably, a pressing roller that makes contact externally with the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt so that a nip part is formed between the pressing roller and the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt, and a magnetic field generating unit that is disposed outside the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt and applies a magnetic field to the induction heat generating layer so that the induction heat generating layer generates heat by induction. In the second heating device, a material to be heated introduced into the nip part is conveyed under pressure by the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt and the pressing roller so as to be heated continuously. Further, in the supporting roller, a magnetism shielding layer that prevents entry of magnetic flux into the core material is provided on an outer side of the core material.
Moreover, an image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes an image forming unit that forms a toner image on a recording material and the above-mentioned first or second heating device according to the present invention. In the image forming apparatus, the toner image to be fixed formed on the recording material by the image forming unit is fixed on the recording material by the heating device.
An electromagnetic induction heat generating roller according to the present invention includes a core material and an induction heat generating layer that is provided on an outer side of the core material. In the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller, a magnetism shielding layer that prevents entry of magnetic flux into the core material is provided between the induction heat generating layer and the core material.
Accordingly, the magnetism shielding layer prevents leakage magnetic flux from reaching the core material, which is magnetic flux that has penetrated the induction heat generating layer from the exterior, and thus the heat generation of the core material is suppressed. As a result, a loss of supplied energy is reduced, and the heat generation efficiency of the induction heat generating layer is increased. Further, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of problems such as, for example, damage to bearings supporting the core material caused due to heating of the bearings to a high temperature.
Preferably, the magnetism shielding layer has a specific resistance of 10−3 Ωcm or higher.
According to this preferred embodiment, the generation of an eddy current in the magnetism shielding layer can be prevented, and thus the heat generation of the magnetism shielding layer is suppressed. As a result, a loss of supplied energy is reduced, and the heat generation efficiency of the induction heat generating layer is increased.
Preferably, the magnetism shielding layer has a relative magnetic permeability of 10 or higher.
According to this preferred embodiment, it is possible to prevent magnetic flux from penetrating the magnetism shielding layer and then reaching the core material, and thus the generation of heat in the core material further can be suppressed.
Preferably, the magnetism shielding layer has a thickness of not less than 0.2 mm.
According to this preferred embodiment, it is possible to prevent magnetic flux from penetrating the magnetism shielding layer and then reaching the core material, and thus the generation of heat in the core material further can be suppressed.
Preferably, the magnetism shielding layer is a layer of an insulating magnetic material formed on a surface of the core material.
According to this preferred embodiment, a material of the magnetism shielding layer has an insulating property, and thus the generation of an eddy current in the magnetism shielding layer can be prevented. Thus, the generation of heat in the magnetism shielding layer is suppressed. Further, the material of the magnetism shielding layer has magnetism, and thus it is possible to prevent magnetic flux from penetrating the magnetism shielding layer and then reaching the core material. Thus, the generation of heat in the core material further can be prevented.
Preferably, the magnetism shielding layer is composed of a plurality of rings or arc-shaped members that are arranged in rows on a surface of the core material.
According to this preferred embodiment, it is made easier to form the magnetism shielding layer.
The magnetism shielding layer may be the elastic layer in which a magnetic filler is dispersed.
According to this preferred embodiment, the elastic layer functions also as a magnetism shielding layer, and thus a simplified layer configuration can be achieved, and the manufacturing of the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller is made easier, thereby contributing to a cost reduction.
Preferably, the core material is formed from a non-magnetic metal.
According to this preferred embodiment, it is possible to prevent magnetic flux from penetrating the magnetism shielding layer and then entering the core material, and thus the heat generation of the core material further can be suppressed. Further, it is made easier to secure the strength of the core material.
Preferably, the induction heat generating layer has a thickness not larger than a skin depth.
According to this preferred embodiment, the induction heat generating layer has a small thermal capacity and high pliability, and thus an electromagnetic induction heat generating roller that achieves a reduction in warm-up time and has an excellent fixing property can be obtained.
Next, a first heating device according to the present invention is a heating device of the roller heating type and includes the above-mentioned electromagnetic induction heat generating roller according to the present invention, a pressing roller that is in contact under pressure with the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller so as to form a nip part, and a magnetic field generating unit that applies a magnetic field to the induction heat generating layer of the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller so that the induction heat generating layer generates heat by induction.
The above-mentioned first heating device includes the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller according to the present invention. Accordingly, the magnetism shielding layer prevents leakage magnetic flux from reaching the core material, which is magnetic flux that has penetrated the induction heat generating layer from the magnetic field generating unit, and thus the heat generation of the core material is suppressed. As a result, a loss of supplied energy is reduced, and the heat generation efficiency of the induction heat generating layer is increased. Further, it is made possible to prevent the occurrence of problems such as, for example, damage to bearings supporting the core material caused due to heating of the bearings to a high temperature.
Furthermore, a second heating device according to the present invention is a heating device of the belt heating type and includes an electromagnetic induction heat generating belt having an induction heat generating layer, a supporting roller that is composed of a core material and a heat insulating layer provided on an outer side of the core material and makes contact internally with the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt so that the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt is supported rotatably, a pressing roller that makes contact externally with the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt so that a nip part is formed between the pressing roller and the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt, and a magnetic field generating unit that is disposed outside the electromagnetic induction heat generating belt and applies a magnetic field to the induction heat generating layer so that the induction heat generating layer generates heat by induction. Further, in the supporting roller, a magnetism shielding layer that prevents entry of magnetic flux into the core material is provided on an outer side of the core material.
Accordingly, the magnetism shielding layer prevents leakage magnetic flux from reaching the core material, which is magnetic flux that has penetrated the induction heat generating layer from the magnetic field generating unit and then reached the supporting roller, and thus the heat generation of the core material is suppressed. As a result, a loss of supplied energy is reduced, and the heat generation efficiency of the induction heat generating layer is increased. Further, it is made possible to prevent the occurrence of problems such as, for example, damage to bearings supporting the core material caused due to heating of the bearings to a high temperature.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned second heating device, the magnetism shielding layer is formed on a surface of the supporting roller. This allows the realization of a simplified layer configuration and a cost reduction of the supporting roller.
Next, an image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes an image forming unit that forms a toner image on a recording material and the above-mentioned first or second heating device according to the present invention.
Thus, an image forming apparatus can be obtained that achieves a reduction in power consumption and allows problems occurring in bearings can be suppressed.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to appended drawings.
Reference numeral 1 denotes an electrophotographic photoreceptor (hereinafter, referred to as a “photosensitive drum”). The photosensitive drum 1, while being driven to rotate at a predetermined peripheral velocity in a direction indicated by an arrow, has its surface charged uniformly to a predetermined potential by a charger 2. Reference numeral 3 denotes a laser beam scanner that outputs a laser beam modulated in accordance with a time-series electric digital pixel signal of image information input from a host device such as an image reading apparatus, a computer or the like, which is not shown in the figure. The surface of the photosensitive drum 1 charged uniformly as described above is scanned by and exposed to this laser beam selectively. This allows a static latent image corresponding to the image information to be formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 1. Next, the static latent image is supplied with powdered toner charged by a developer 4 having a developing roller 4a that is driven to rotate, and made manifest as a toner image.
Meanwhile, a recording material 11 is fed one at a time from a paper feeding part 10 and passed between a pair of resist rollers 12 and 13. Then, the recording material 11 is conveyed to a nip part composed of the photosensitive drum 1 and a transferring roller 14 that is in contact with the photosensitive drum 1, and the timing thereof is appropriate and synchronized with the rotation of the photosensitive drum 1. By the action of the transferring roller 14 to which a transfer bias is applied, toner images on the photosensitive drum 1 are transferred one after another to the recording material 11. The recording material 11 that has been passed through the nip part (transferring part) is released from the photosensitive drum 1 and introduced to a fixing device 15 where fixing of the transferred toner image is performed. The recording material 11 on which the image is fixed by the fixing process is output to a paper ejecting tray 16. The surface of the photosensitive drum 1 from which the recording material has been released is cleaned by removing residual materials such as toner remaining after the transferring process by a cleaning device 17 and used repeatedly for successive image formation.
Next, the embodiment of the heating device according to the present invention that can be used as the above-mentioned fixing device 15 will be described in detail by way of an example.
In
Reference numeral 36 denotes the excitation coil as the magnetic field generating unit. The excitation coil 36 is disposed so as to be opposed to a cylindrical face on an outer periphery of the heat generating roller 21. Further, the excitation coil 36 includes nine turns of a wire bundle composed of 60 wires of a copper wire with its surface insulated, which has an outer diameter of 0.15 mm.
The wire bundle of the excitation coil 36 is arranged, at end portions of the cylindrical face of the heat generating roller 21 in a direction of the rotation center axis (not shown in the figure), in the form of an arc along outer peripheral faces of the end portions. The wire bundle is arranged, in a portion other than the end portions, along a direction of a generatrix of the cylindrical face. Further, as shown in
Reference numeral 37 denotes a rear core, which together with the excitation coil 36, constitutes the magnetic field generating unit. The rear core 37 is composed of a bar-like central core 38 and a substantially U-shaped core 39. The central core 38 passes through the winding center axis 36a of the excitation coil 36 and is arranged parallel to the rotation center axis of the heat generating roller 21. The U-shaped core 39 is arranged at a distance from the excitation coil 36 on a side opposite to that of the heat generating roller 21 with respect to the excitation coil 36. The central core 38 and the U-shaped core 39 are connected magnetically. As shown in
As shown in
In this example, the rear core 37 was formed from ferrite. As a material of the rear core 37, it is desirable to use a material having high magnetic permeability and a high specific resistance such as ferrite, Permalloy or the like. However, a material having somewhat low magnetic permeability can be used as long as the material is a magnetic material.
Reference numeral 40 denotes a heat insulating member that has a thickness of 1 mm and is formed from a resin having high heat resistance such as PEEK (polyether ether ketones), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) or the like.
In
At the nip part 34, the elastic layer 23 of the heat generating roller 21 is deformed by compression, and the heat generating layer 22 is pressed with substantially a uniform pressure in a width direction (the direction of the rotation center axis of the heat generating roller 21). The nip part 34 has a width W along a moving direction C of the recording material 11 of about 5.5 mm. Although an extremely large force is applied to the heat generating roller 21 and the heat generating layer 22 on a surface of the heat generating roller 21 is thin, the nip part 34 is formed such that the width W is substantially uniform in the direction of the rotation center axis. This can be achieved because the solid core material 24 bears the pressure through the elastic layer 23, and thus distortion with respect to the rotation center axis is suppressed to a minimal amount. Moreover, at the nip part 34, the heat generating layer 22 and the elastic layer 23 are deformed into the shape of a concave along an outer peripheral face of the pressing roller 31. Therefore, when the recording material 11 comes out of the nip part 34 after passing therethrough, a traveling direction of the recording material 11 is on an increased angle with respect to an outer surface of the heat generating roller 21, thereby achieving an excellent peeling property for the recording material 11.
The pressing roller 31 in this state is supported rotatably by follower bearings 35, 35′ at both ends of the metal shaft 32. As a material of the elastic layer 33 of the pressing roller 31, as well as the above-mentioned silicone rubber, heat-resistant resin and heat-resistant rubber such as fluorocarbon rubber, fluorocarbon resin and the like may be used. Further, in order to obtain improved abrasion resistance and mold releasability, a surface of the pressing roller 31 may be coated with a single material or a combination of materials selected from resin and rubber such as PFA (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), FEP (tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer) and the like. In order to prevent heat dissipation, it is desirable that the pressing roller 31 be formed of a material having low thermal conductivity.
In
Using the above-mentioned configuration, while the heat generating roller 21 and the pressing roller 31 are rotated, a high-frequency current at 20 to 50 kHz is fed to the excitation coil 36 by the excitation circuit 42. This causes alternating magnetic flux to flow via the central core 38 and the U-shaped cores 39 that surround the excitation coil 36 and the heat generating layer 22 of the heat generating roller 21 that is opposed to the excitation coil 36. Due to this alternating magnetic flux, an eddy current is generated in the heat generating layer 22, so that a surface temperature of the heat generating roller 21 begins to increase rapidly. The surface temperature of the heat generating roller 21 is detected by the temperature detecting sensor 41 and adjusted to a predetermined temperature of 170° C. Then, the recording material 11 carrying unfixed toner images 9 is inserted into the nip part 34 where the toner images 9 and the recording material 11 are heated successively, so that the toner images 9 are fixed on the recording material 11.
Next, the configuration of the heat generating roller 21 will be described in detail.
In this example, the core material 24 is formed of a non-magnetic stainless material (SUS304) having a diameter of 20 mm. A surface of the core material 24 is coated with the insulating magnetic body layer 19 of about 500 μm thickness as a magnetism shielding layer. The magnetic body layer 19 is formed of a base material of a silicone rubber in which a ferrite powder is dispersed. The material of the core material 24 is not limited to a stainless material, and aluminum and the like also can be used. Further, a magnetic powder to be contained in the magnetic body layer 19 is not limited to a ferrite powder, and a Sendust powder and the like also can be used.
The elastic layer 23 is formed of a foam body of a silicone rubber having low thermal conductivity. In the example, the elastic layer 23 is set to have a thickness of 5 mm and a hardness of 45 degrees (ASKER-C). Although the material of the elastic layer 23 is not limited to a foamed silicone rubber, it is desirable to use a material having a hardness of 20 to 55 degrees (ASKER-C) so that the width W of the nip part 34 is secured with moderate elasticity and that heat diffusion from the heat generating layer 22 is reduced. Further, in the case of not using a foam body, it is desirable, in terms of heat resistance and pliability, to use a material of a silicone rubber having a hardness of not more than 50 degrees (JIS-A).
The heat generating layer 22 of this example is formed on the elastic layer 23 as a coating of 60 μm thickness formed of a base material of a silicone rubber in which scale-like pieces of nickel are dispersed. Alternating magnetic flux generated by the excitation coil 36 passes through the heat generating layer 22 by way of the nickel pieces in the heat generating layer 22. This causes an eddy current to be generated in the nickel pieces, so that the heat generating layer 22 is heated rapidly. In this example, the base material of the heat generating layer 22 was formed from a silicone rubber. However, in place of a silicone rubber, heat-resistant resin or heat-resistant rubber that has pliability such as polyimide resin, fluorocarbon resin, fluorocarbon rubber or the like also can be used. Further, a filler to be dispersed in the base material is not limited to the above-mentioned nickel pieces, and a magnetic metal powder and a non-magnetic metal powder also may be used in the form of a mixture or a laminate of these powders so as to be dispersed in the base material. Particles of such powders may have any of the shapes of a fiber, a sphere, a scale and the like. Needless to say, a filler to be dispersed is required only to be formed of a conductive material through which an eddy current flows due to alternating magnetic flux. In this example, however, particularly, a magnetic metal of nickel was used as a filler. Thus, heating can be performed efficiently because: alternating magnetic flux generated by the excitation coil 36 can be led into the heat generating layer 22; a magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit formed by a magnetic flux flow around the excitation coil 36 can be reduced; and magnetic flux (leakage magnetic flux) penetrating the heat generating layer 22 and then leaking to another layer can be decreased. It is preferable that the heat generating layer 22 has a thickness of 10 to 200 μm.
The elastic layer (second elastic layer) 26 is provided so as to improve adhesion to the recording material 11. In this example, the elastic layer 26 is formed of a silicone rubber layer having a thickness of 200 μm and a hardness of 20 degrees (JIS-A). The thickness of the elastic layer 26 is not limited to 200 μm, and it is desirable to set the thickness to be in a range of 50 to 500 μm. In the case where the thickness of the elastic layer 26 is too large, due to the thermal capacity that is too large, a longer warm-up time is required. In the case where the thickness of the elastic layer 26 is too small, the effect of providing adhesion to the recording material 11 is deteriorated. The material of the elastic layer 26 is not limited to a silicone rubber, and other types of heat-resistant rubber and hear-resistant resin also can be used. Although the elastic layer 26 is not necessarily provided and a configuration without the elastic layer 26 poses no problem, it is desirable to provide the elastic layer 26 in the case of obtaining a toner image as a color image.
The mold releasing layer 27 can be formed from a fluorocarbon resin such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PFA (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer), FEP (tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer) or the like. In this example, the mold releasing layer 27 was set to have a thickness of 30 μm.
The heat generating roller 21 used in this example is formed by the following manufacturing method. That is, after the elastic layer 23 is formed by foam-molding (it is preferable that the elastic layer 23 has a skin layer on its surface), on the elastic layer 23, a coating of an undiluted liquid of a silicone rubber in which a conductive filler is dispersed is applied in a predetermined thickness by a spray method, a dipping method or the like. Then, the coating is subjected to vulcanization, and thus the heat generating layer 22 is formed on the elastic layer 23. In this case, the core material 24 with the magnetic body layer 19 may be bonded fixedly to the elastic layer 23 before the formation of the heat generating layer 22. Further, the core material 24 with the magnetic body layer 19 may be inserted into and bonded to an inner portion of the elastic layer 23 after the formation of the heat generating layer 22. Further, it also is possible to form the elastic layer 23 by molding directly on the magnetic body layer 19 of the core material 24. Further, the heat generating layer 22 may be formed of a plurality of coatings. After the heat generating layer 22 is formed on the elastic layer 23, in the same manner that the heat generating layer 22 is formed, coatings of a silicone rubber that is used for the elastic layer (second elastic layer) 26 are applied on the heat generating layer 22. Then, the coatings are subjected to vulcanization. After that, the mold releasing layer 27 is formed by, for example, the following method. That is, a PFA tube is fitted around the elastic layer 26 and then is bonded thereto through a primer layer, or the elastic layer 26 is coated with PTFE and then a body thus obtained is subjected to sintering. Between the layers in each pair of the adjacent layers, a primer layer selected so as to correspond to the materials of the layers may be interposed. Further, as in the above-mentioned case, also in the case of using a polyimide resin for the base material of the heat generating layer 22, the heat generating layer 22 is formed by applying a coating of a polyimide varnish on the elastic layer 23.
The description is directed to the operation of the above-mentioned heating device according to Embodiment 1. During the operation of the excitation coil 36, alternating magnetic flux D is generated in such a manner as to flow around the excitation coil 36. Most of the alternating magnetic flux D passes through the heat generating layer 22 as indicated by a broken line H in
It is preferable that the magnetic body layer 19 as the magnetism shielding layer has as high a relative magnetic permeability as possible with respect to the relative magnetic permeability of the core material 24. In this example in which the core material 24 was formed from a non-magnetic metal, with the magnetic body layer 19 having a relative magnetic permeability of about 20 or higher and a thickness of not less than 0.3 mm, a magnetism shielding effect could be attained sufficiently. Generally, the magnetic body layer 19 has a relative magnetic permeability of, preferably 10 or higher, and more preferably 15 or higher. Further, the magnetic body layer 19 has a thickness of, preferably not less than 0.2 mm, and more preferably not less than 0.5 mm.
Furthermore, the magnetic body layer 19 is required not to generate heat due to an eddy current generated when the alternating magnetic flux F passes therethrough. For this reason, it is preferable that the magnetic body layer 19 has an insulating property. However, as long as the magnetic body layer 19 has a specific resistance value of 10−3 Ωcm or higher, i.e. a value exceeding the range of specific resistance values defining a conductor, practically, the magnetic body layer 19 generates almost no heat and thus is effective.
Furthermore, even in the case where the magnetic body layer 19 is provided, if the core material 24 is formed from a magnetic metal, a portion of the leakage magnetic flux E is likely to enter the core material 24. Therefore, in order to prevent this, it is preferable that the material of the core material 24 is not a magnetic metal such as iron or the like but a non-magnetic metal. Possible examples of a non-magnetic metal include a stainless material, brass, aluminum and the like. Among these materials, particularly, a stainless material is preferred in terms of its strength.
In the above-mentioned embodiment, the heat generating roller 21 has a layer configuration in which the magnetic body layer 19, the elastic layer 23, the heat generating layer 22, the second elastic layer 26, and the mold releasing layer 27 are provided in this order on the core material 24. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to this layer configuration. The following configurations also are allowable. That is, the respective layers may have a multi-layer configuration. Further, between the respective layers in each pair of the adjacent layers, an adhesive layer may be provided or an auxiliary layer may be formed.
The only difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 lies in the configuration of the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller 21.
A heat generating roller 21 according to this embodiment includes a core material 24, an elastic layer 23, a heat generating layer 22, a second elastic layer 26, and a mold releasing layer 27, which are provided outwardly in this order. As in the case of Embodiment 1, the core material 24 is formed of a non-magnetic stainless material. Unlike the case of Embodiment 1, the heat generating layer 22 is formed of a base material of a silicone rubber in which scale-like particles of a silver powder as a conductive filler are dispersed. Further, the elastic layer 23 is formed from a foamed silicone rubber in which a magnetic powder of ferrite is dispersed. The configuration according to this embodiment does not include the magnetic body layer 19 used in Embodiment 1.
Alternating magnetic flux D generated by an excitation coil 36 penetrates the heat generating layer 22 and then enters the elastic layer 23. Since the elastic layer 23 contains the magnetic powder of ferrite, after passing through the elastic layer 23, the alternating magnetic flux D flows back to a U-shaped core 39 and a central core 38. The alternating magnetic flux D flows around the excitation coil 36 in this manner. Due to the alternating magnetic flux D, an eddy current is generated in the heat generating layer 22, so that the heat generating layer 22 generates heat. Although the core material 24 is formed of a conductive material, since the magnetic flux D is captured by the magnetic powder in the elastic layer 23, only a trace amount of magnetic flux passes through the core material 24. Thus, the core material 24 generates almost no heat. Further, the magnetic powder in the elastic layer 23 has an insulating property, and thus no heat is generated.
As described above, in this embodiment, the elastic layer 23 in which the magnetic powder is dispersed functions as a magnetism shielding layer. This eliminates the need for the magnetic body layer 19 used in Embodiment 1.
The only difference between Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 1 lies in the configuration of the magnetism shielding layer of the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller 21.
In this embodiment, the magnetism shielding layer is formed by using a ring (hollow cylindrical member) 51 shown in
In place of the ring 51, an arc-shaped member 52 shown in
The above-mentioned ring 51 and the arc-shaped member 52 can be manufactured by, for example, a method in which a material containing a magnetic powder is molded into a predetermined shape, and a molded body thus obtained is subjected to sintering.
Furthermore, in place of the ring 51 and the arc-shaped member 52, a sheet-like material containing a magnetic material may be wrapped around the core material 24, or a tube of a pliable magnetic material may be formed and fitted around the core material 24. The above-mentioned flexible sheet or tube can be obtained by dispersing a powder of a magnetic material in a base material of resin or rubber.
As in the case of Embodiment 1, an elastic layer 23, a heat generating layer 22, a second elastic layer 26, and a mold releasing layer 27 are formed on an outer side of the above-mentioned magnetism shielding layer, and thus the heat generating roller 21 according to this embodiment can be obtained.
According to this embodiment, in addition to the effect attained by Embodiment 1, the effect of allowing a magnetism shielding layer to be manufactured more easily can be attained.
The only difference between Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 1 lies in the configuration of the heat generating layer 22 of the electromagnetic induction heat generating roller 21. As disclosed in, for example, JP11(1999)-288190 A, a heat generating layer 22 according to this embodiment is formed from a metal such as Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, stainless steel or the like. Such a metallic material is formed in the shape of an endless belt (tube) of a small thickness (of, for example, 40 μm) and fitted around an outer periphery of an elastic layer 23. In this case, the heat generating layer 22 may be bonded to the elastic layer 23 or also may be just fitted on the elastic layer 23.
Alternating magnetic flux D from a magnetic field generating unit causes an eddy current to be generated in the heat generating layer 22 as in the case of Embodiment 1 and thus allows heat generation to be caused as in the case of Embodiment 1.
According to this embodiment, in addition to the effect attained by Embodiment 1, since the thickness of the heat generating layer 22 can be reduced with relative ease, the effect of allowing a warm-up time to be reduced by decreasing the thermal capacity of the heat generating layer 22 can be attained.
As in this embodiment, in the case where the heat generating layer 22 is formed of an endless belt of metal, it is made relatively easier to reduce a warm-up time by decreasing the thickness of the heat generating layer 22. In this case, however, if the heat generating layer 22 has a thickness not larger than a skin depth, the amount ratio of leakage magnetic flux E penetrating the heat generating layer 22 to the alternating magnetic flux D applied by the magnetic field generating unit is increased in particular. Thus, in the case where a magnetic body layer 19 is not provided, a core material 24 generates heat, and thus the heat generation efficiency of the heat generating layer 22 is decreased considerably. On the other hand, in the case where the magnetic body layer 19 as a magnetism shielding layer is provided between the heat generating layer 22 and the core material 24, a decrease in the heat generation efficiency can be prevented effectively. As described above, the magnetism shielding layer according to the present invention exerts a considerable effect particularly in the case where the heat generating layer 22 has a thickness of not larger than a skin depth. A skin depth (δ) of the heat generating layer 22 is a value that is determined based on a specific resistance (ρ), a magnetic permeability (μ), and a driving frequency (f) and is expressed by δ=1/(πfμρ)1/2.
The application of the heat generating layer of a metallic material described with regard to this embodiment is not limited to the application to Embodiment 1 described with regard to the above-mentioned example. The heat generating layer also is applicable to Embodiments 2 and 3, and the same effect as that described above can be attained.
In
The developer 119 includes a developing roller 120 that is driven to rotate. The developing roller 120 with a thin toner layer formed on its outer peripheral face is opposed to the photosensitive drum 115. A developing bias voltage, whose absolute value is lower than the dark potential V0 of the photosensitive drum 115 and higher than the light potential VL, is applied to the developing roller 120.
Meanwhile, a recording material 11 is fed one at a time from a paper feeding part 121 and passed between a pair of resist rollers 122. Then, the recording material 11 is conveyed to a nip part composed of the photosensitive drum 115 and a transferring roller 123, and the timing thereof is appropriate and synchronized with the rotation of the photosensitive drum 115. Toner images on the photosensitive drum 115 are transferred one after another to the recording material 11 by the transferring roller 123 to which a transfer bias voltage is applied. After the recording material 11 is released from the photosensitive drum 115, an outer peripheral face of the photosensitive drum 115 is cleaned by removing residual materials such as toner remaining after the transferring process by a cleaning device 124 and used repeatedly for successive image formation.
Reference numeral 125 denotes a fixing guide that guides the recording material 11 on which the image has been transferred to a fixing device 126. The recording material 11 is released from the photosensitive drum 115 and conveyed to the fixing device 126 where fixing of the transferred toner image is performed. Further, reference numeral 127 denotes a paper ejecting guide that guides the recording material 11, which has passed through the fixing device 126, to the exterior of the apparatus. The fixing guide 125 and the paper ejecting guide 127 that guide the recording material 11 are formed from a resin such as ABS or a non-magnetic metallic material such as aluminum. The recording material 11 on which the image has been fixed by the fixing process is ejected to a paper ejecting tray 128.
Reference numerals 129, 130, and 131 denote a bottom plate of a main body of the apparatus, a top plate of the main body, and a body chassis, which constitute a unit determining the strength of the main body of the apparatus. These strength members are formed of a material that uses a magnetic material of steel as a base material and is plated with zinc.
Reference numeral 132 denotes a cooling fan that generates airflow in the apparatus. Further, reference numeral 133 denotes a coil cover formed of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum, which is configured so as to cover an excitation coil 36 and a rear core 37 that constitute the fixing device 126.
Next, the heating device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention that is used as the above-mentioned fixing device 126 will be described in detail by way of an example.
In
Reference numerals 150 and 160 denote a supporting roller of 20 mm in diameter and a fixing roller of 20 mm in diameter having low thermal conductivity, respectively. A surface of the fixing roller 160 is coated with a silicone rubber that is an elastic foam body having a low hardness (JIS-A 30 degrees). The heat generating belt 140 is suspended with a predetermined tensile force between the supporting roller 150 and the fixing roller 160. The heat generating belt 140 is allowed to rotate in a direction indicated by an arrow 140a. Ribs (not shown) for preventing the heat generating belt 140 from meandering are provided at both ends of the supporting roller 150.
A pressing roller 31 as a pressing member is in contact under pressure with the fixing roller 160 through the heat generating belt 140, so that a nip part 34 is formed between the heat generating belt 140 and the pressing roller 31.
The supporting roller 150 is composed of an elastic layer (heat insulating layer) 153, a magnetic body layer 152, and a core material 151, which are provided inwardly in this order. The core material 151 is formed of a non-magnetic stainless material. The magnetic body layer 152 as a magnetism shielding layer is an insulating layer of about 500 μm thickness coated with a silicone rubber in which a ferrite powder is dispersed. The elastic layer 153 is formed of a foam body of a silicone rubber having low thermal conductivity. In this example, the elastic layer 153 is set to have a thickness of 2 mm and a hardness of 45 degrees (ASKER-C). In order to reduce heat diffusion from the heat generating layer of the heat generating belt 140, it also is effective to form a surface of the elastic layer 153 as an uneven surface so as to reduce a contact area between the elastic layer 153 and the heat generating belt 140.
According to this embodiment, alternating magnetic flux from the magnetic field generating unit causes an eddy current to be generated in the heat generating layer of the heat generating belt 140, so that the heat generating layer generates heat by induction. The heat generating belt 140, which has generated heat, heats the recording material 11 and a toner image 9 formed on the recording material 11 at the nip part 34, so that the toner image 9 is fixed on the recording material 11.
Most of the leakage magnetic flux, i.e. a portion of alternating magnetic flux from the magnetic field generating unit that has penetrated the heat generating layer of the heat generating belt 140 and then entered the supporting roller 150, is captured by the magnetic body layer 152 formed on an outer surface of the core material 151. Therefore, an amount of magnetic flux entering the core material 151 is decreased considerably. Further, heat generation due to magnetic flux passing through the magnetic body layer 152 is not caused in the magnetic body layer 152. Thus, most of the alternating magnetic flux applied by the magnetic field generating unit is consumed for the heat generation of the heat generating layer, thereby allowing the heat generation efficiency to be increased. Further, it also is possible to eliminate problems and the like including damage to bearings of the core material 151 caused due to heating of the bearings.
As for the heat generating layer of the heat generating belt 140 according to this embodiment, the configurations of the heat generating layer 22 of the heat generating roller 21 described above with regard to Embodiments 1 to 4 can be applied thereto, and the same effects as those described with regard to Embodiments 1 to 4 thus can be attained, respectively.
Further, as for the core material 151, the magnetism shielding layer and the elastic layer 153 of the supporting roller 150 according to this embodiment, the respective configurations of the core material 24, the magnetism shielding layer, and the elastic layer 23 of the heat generating roller 21 described above with regard to Embodiments 1 to 4 can be applied thereto, and the same effects as those described with regard to Embodiments 1 to 4 thus can be attained, respectively.
Moreover, this embodiment described a configuration in which the heat generating layer was provided in the heat generating belt 140, and only the heat generating belt 140 was caused to generate heat by induction. However, the same effect can be attained by a configuration in which both of the heat generating belt 140 and the supporting roller 150 are caused to generate heat by induction. That is, an induction heat generating layer is provided as a surface layer of the supporting roller 150 or provided in the vicinity of the surface layer, and a magnetism shielding layer is formed between the induction heat generating layer and the core material 151. For example, if the induction heat generating layer of the supporting roller 150 is formed of a thin pipe formed from an iron alloy such as carbon steel or the like, both of the heat generating belt 140 and the supporting roller 150 are caused to generate heat by induction. In this case, while a warm-up time is increased slightly due to the thermal capacity of the supporting roller 150, the following can be achieved. That is, in the case where the recording materials 11 having a width smaller than a width of the heat generating belt 140 are passed continuously, heat is removed from only a portion of the heat generating belt 140 by the recording materials 11, thereby causing temperature variations in a width direction of the heat generating belt 140. Such temperature variations are reduced by heat transmission in the width direction through the supporting roller 150. Also in this case, since the magnetism shielding layer is provided between the induction heat generating layer and the core material of the supporting roller 150, the heat generation of the core material is prevented.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the supporting roller 150 does not contribute to the formation of the nip part 34. Therefore, a configuration without the elastic layer 153 is possible. That is, the magnetic body layer 152 can be provided on a surface of the supporting roller 150. This allows the realization of a simplified layer configuration and a cost reduction of the supporting roller 150.
A heating device according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention that is used as the fixing device 126 of the image forming apparatus shown in
This embodiment is different from Embodiment 5 in that the heat generating belt 140 is suspended rotatably between the supporting roller 150 and a belt guide 170, and that the supporting roller 150 is in contact under pressure with the pressing roller 31 through the heat generating belt 140. The belt guide 170 is formed of, for example, a resin material having an excellent sliding property.
According to Embodiment 6, as in the case of Embodiment 5, alternating magnetic flux from the magnetic field generating unit causes an eddy current to be generated in a heat generating layer of the heat generating belt 140 so as to cause the heat generating layer to generate heat by induction. The heat generating belt 140, which has generated heat, heats a recording material 11 and a toner image 9 formed on the recording material 11 at a nip part 34, so that the toner image 9 is fixed on the recording material 11.
Leakage magnetic flux, i.e. a portion of alternating magnetic flux from the magnetic field generating unit that has penetrated the heat generating layer of the heat generating belt 140, penetrates the belt guide 170 and then reaches the supporting roller 150. However, most of the leakage magnetic flux that has entered the supporting roller 150 is captured by a magnetic body layer 152 formed on an outer surface of a core material 151. Therefore, an amount of magnetic flux entering the core material 151 is decreased considerably. Further, heat generation due to magnetic flux passing through the magnetic body layer 152 is not caused in the magnetic body layer 152. Thus, most of the alternating magnetic flux applied by the magnetic field generating unit is consumed for the heat generation of the heat generating layer, thereby allowing the heat generation efficiency to be increased. Further, it also is possible to eliminate problems and the like including damage to bearings of the core material 151 caused due to heating of the bearings.
As for the heat generating layer of the heat generating belt 140 according to this embodiment, the configurations of the heat generating layer 22 of the heat generating roller 21 described above with regard to Embodiments 1 to 4 can be applied thereto, and the same effects as those described with regard to Embodiments 1 to 4 thus can be attained, respectively.
Further, as for the core material 151, a magnetism shielding layer, and an elastic layer 153 of the supporting roller 150 according to this embodiment, the respective configurations of the core material 24, the magnetism shielding layer, and the elastic layer 23 of the heat generating roller 21 described above with regard to Embodiments 1 to 4 can be applied thereto, and the same effects as those described with regard to Embodiments 1 to 4 thus can be attained, respectively.
This embodiment described the case of the heating device including the magnetic field generating unit disposed outside a loop of the heat generating belt 140 and the supporting roller 150 disposed inside the loop of the heat generating belt 140, in which the core material of the supporting roller 150 was a metallic member. The present invention, however, is not limited to this configuration but can be applied broadly to any configuration in which a magnetic field generating unit is disposed outside a loop of a heat generating belt and a metallic member is disposed inside the loop of the heat generating belt. For example, as a member for supporting a heat generating belt, a supporting member that includes a metallic member and is not rotatable also can be used in place of the supporting roller. Preferably, the supporting member integrally includes the metallic member, a magnetism shielding member that covers the metallic member so as to prevent entry of magnetic flux into the metallic member, and a heat insulating member that is provided between the metallic member and the heat generating belt. The supporting member is disposed inside a loop of the heat generating belt and presses the heat generating belt against a pressing roller. When the heat generating belt turns in association with the rotation of the pressing roller, the heat generating belt slides on the supporting member.
The embodiments disclosed in this application are intended to illustrate the technical aspects of the invention and not to limit the invention thereto. The invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as indicated by the appended claims and is to be broadly construed.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001-336321 | Nov 2001 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10480344 | Dec 2003 | US |
| Child | 11040873 | Jan 2005 | US |
