Claims
- 1. A composite electron emission material, comprising:a refractory metal matrix selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, rhenium, and mixtures and alloys thereof; an electron emission material contained in the refractory metal matrix, the electron emission material being selected from the group consisting of ternary oxides of a Group IIIB element selected from Sc, Y, and the lanthanides La through Lu, and a Group IIA element selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, and quaternary oxides of a Group IVB element selected from Hf, Zr, and Ti, a Group IIIB element selected from Sc, Y, and the lanthanides La through Lu, and a Group IIA element selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.
- 2. The composite electron emission material of claim 1 wherein the electron emission material comprises a Group IIIB element (M′=Sc, Y, or a lanthanide La through Lu) and a Group IIA element (M″=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba) ternary oxide (M′x2M″x3Oy).
- 3. The composite electron emission material of claim 1 wherein the electron emission material comprises a Group IVB element (M=Hf, Zr, or Ti), a Group IIIB element (M′=Sc, Y, or a lanthanide La through Lu), and a Group IIA element (M″=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba) quaternary oxide (Mx1M′x2M″x3Oy).
- 4. The composite electron emission material of claim 1 wherein the composite electron emission material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of W:30% BaCeO3 to W:1% BaCeO3, W:30% Ba3Dy4O9 to W:1% Ba3Dy4O9, W:30% BaLa2O4 to W:1% BaLa2O4, W:30% SrY2O4 to W:1% SrY2O4, W:30% SrYb2O4 to W:1% SrYb2O4, W:30% Sr3Nd4O9 to W:1% Sr3Nd4O9, W:30% BaCeHfO5 to W:1% BaCeHfO5, W:30% Ba2CeHfO6 to W:1% Ba2CeHfO6, W:30% BaLa2HfO6 to W:1% BaLa2HfO6, W:30% BaDy2HfO6 to W:1% BaDy2HfO6, W:30% Ba3Dy4Hf2O13 to W:1% Ba3Dy4Hf2O13, and W:30% Ba3La4HfO11 to W:1% Ba3La4HfO11.
- 5. The composite electron emission material of claim 1 wherein the refractory metal comprises at least 70 weight percent of the composite electron emission material.
- 6. An article of manufacture comprising an electrode formed of a composite electron emission material, the composite material comprising:a refractory metal matrix selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, rhenium, and mixtures and alloys thereof; an electron emission material contained in the refractory metal matrix, the electron emission material being selected from the group consisting of ternary oxides of a Group IIIB element selected from Sc, Y, and the lanthanides La through Lu, and a Group IIA element selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, and quaternary oxides of a Group IVB element selected from Hf, Zr, and Ti, a Group IIIB element selected from Sc, Y, and the lanthanides La through Lu, and a Group IIA element selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.
- 7. The composite electron emission material of claim 6 wherein the electron emission material comprises a Group IIIB element (M′=Sc, Y, or a lanthanide La through Lu) and a Group IIA element (M″=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba) ternary oxide (M′x2M″x3Oy).
- 8. The composite electron emission material of claim 6 wherein the electron emission material comprises a Group IVB element (M=Hf, Zr, or Ti), a Group IIIB element (M′=Sc, Y, or a lanthanide La through Lu), and a Group IIA element (M″=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba) quaternary oxide (Mx1M′x2M″x3Oy).
- 9. The composite electron emission material of claim 6 wherein the composite electron emission material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of W:30% BaCeO3 to W:1% BaCeO3, W:30% Ba3Dy4O9 to W:1% Ba3Dy4O9, W:30% BaLa2O4 to W:1% BaLa2O4, W:30% SrY2O4 to W:1% SrY2O4, W:30% SrYb2O4 to W:1% SrYb2O4, W:30% Sr3Nd4O9 to W:1% Sr3Nd4O9, W:30% BaCeHfO5 to W:1% BaCeHfO5, W:30% Ba2CeHfO6 to W:1% Ba2CeHfO6, W:30% BaLa2HfO6 to W:1% BaLa2HfO6, W:30% BaDy2HfO6 to W:1% BaDy2HfO6, W:30% Ba3Dy4Hf2O13 to W:1% Ba3Dy4Hf2O13, and W:30% Ba3La4HfO11 to W:1% Ba3La4HfO11.
- 10. The composite electron emission material of claim 6 wherein the refractory metal comprises at least 70 weight percent of the composite electron emission material.
- 11. An article of manufacture comprising an electrode formed of an electron emission material, the electron emission material comprising:a material selected from the group consisting of ternary oxides of a Group IIIB element selected from Sc, Y, and the lanthanides La through Lu, and a Group IIA element selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, and quaternary oxides of a Group IVB element selected from Hf, Zr, and Ti, a Group IIIB element selected from Sc, Y, and the lanthanides La through Lu, and a Group IIA element selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.
- 12. The composite electron emission material of claim 11 wherein the electron emission material comprises a Group IIIB element (M′=Sc, Y, or a lanthanide La through Lu) and a Group IIA element (M″=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba) ternary oxide (M′x2M″x3Oy).
- 13. The composite electron emission material of claim 11 wherein the electron emission material comprises a Group IVB element (M=Hf, Zr, or Ti), a Group IIIB element (M′=Sc, Y, or a lanthanide La through Lu), and a Group IIA element (M″=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba) quaternary oxide (Mx1M′x2M″x3Oy).
- 14. The composite electron emission material of claim 11 wherein the composite electron emission material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of W:30% BaCeO3 to W:1% BaCeO3, W:30% Ba3Dy4O9 to W:1% Ba3Dy4O9, W:30% BaLa2O4 to W:1% BaLa2O4, W:30% SrY2O4 to W:1% SrY2O4, W:30% SrYb2O4 to W:1% SrYb2O4, W:30% Sr3Nd4O9 to W:1% Sr3Nd4O9, W:30% BaCeHfO5 to W:1% BaCeHfO5, W:30% Ba2CeHfO6 to W:1% Ba2CeHfO6, W:30% BaLa2HfO6 to W:1% BaLa2HfO6, W:30% BaDy2HfO6 to W:1% BaDy2HfO6, W:30% Ba3Dy4Hf2O13 to W:1% Ba3Dy4Hf2O13, and W:30% Ba3La4HfO11 to W:1% Ba3La4HfO11.
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of Ser. No. 09/258,990 filed Feb. 26, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,051,165, which is a CIP of Ser. No. 08/925,842 filed Sep. 08, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,911,919.
US Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Name |
Date |
Kind |
6051165 |
Billings |
Apr 2000 |
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Continuation in Parts (2)
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Number |
Date |
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09/258990 |
Feb 1999 |
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09/435508 |
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US |
Parent |
08/925842 |
Sep 1997 |
US |
Child |
09/258990 |
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