Electronic battery tester with battery clamp storage holsters

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 11486930
  • Patent Number
    11,486,930
  • Date Filed
    Tuesday, January 19, 2021
    3 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, November 1, 2022
    a year ago
Abstract
A battery tester includes a pair of battery clamps, a testing unit, and a pair of holsters. Each battery clamp is configured to connect to a terminal of a battery. The testing unit includes testing circuitry that is connected to the battery clamps, and is configured to perform one or more battery tests on a battery connected to the battery clamps. Each of the holsters is attached to a housing of the testing unit, and is configured to receive and hold one of the battery clamps.
Description
FIELD

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to battery testing systems for measuring a condition of storage batteries and, more particularly, to a battery tester having holsters for storing clamps used to connect the battery tester to a battery.


BACKGROUND

Electronic battery testers generally use battery clamps for connecting the testing device to a battery for testing. Such clamps may each provide one or more connections, such as Kelvin connections, to the battery to facilitate the performance of one or more tests on the battery.


SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a battery tester having holsters for storing clamps used to connect the battery tester to a battery. In one embodiment, the battery tester includes a pair of battery clamps, a testing unit, and a pair of holsters. Each battery clamp is configured to connect to a terminal of a battery. The testing unit includes testing circuitry that is connected to the battery clamps, and is configured to perform one or more battery tests on a battery connected to the battery clamps. Each of the holsters is attached to a housing of the testing unit, and is configured to receive and hold one of the battery clamps.


In another embodiment, the battery tester includes a pair of battery clamps, a testing unit, a housing, and a pair of holsters. Each battery clamp is configured to connect to a terminal of a battery. The testing unit includes testing circuitry that is connected to the battery clamps, and is configured to perform one or more battery tests on a battery connected to the battery clamps. The housing includes a pair of magnets. Each of the holsters is attached to the housing, and includes a holster body having an interior cavity configured to receive and hold a clamping end of one of the battery clamps. Each magnet is configured to magnetically secure one of the battery clamps within the interior cavity of one of the holsters.


In yet another embodiment, the battery tester includes a pair of battery clamps, a testing unit, a housing, and a pair of holsters. Each battery clamp is configured to connect to a terminal of a battery. The testing unit includes testing circuitry that is connected to the battery clamps, and is configured to perform one or more battery tests on a battery connected to the battery clamps. The housing includes a pair of first connectors. Each of the holsters includes a holster body having an interior cavity configured to receive and hold a clamping end of one of the battery clamps. The interior cavity of each holster is defined by opposing front and rear walls, and opposing side walls extending between the front and rear walls. The rear wall of each holster includes a second connector that cooperates with the first connector of the housing to attach the holster body to the housing.


This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in the Background.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS


FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an electronic battery tester in accordance with the present disclosure.



FIG. 2 is a more detailed block diagram of the battery tester of FIG. 1.



FIG. 3 is a simplified flow chart showing steps in accordance with the present disclosure.



FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram of an example of a battery tester, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.



FIG. 5 is an exploded isometric view of an example of a battery tester, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.



FIGS. 6 and 7 are top views of the battery tester of FIG. 5 respectively with a clamp outside and received within a holster of the battery tester, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.



FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the battery tester of FIG. 5 without battery clamps, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.



FIGS. 9 and 10 are side cross-sectional views of the battery tester of FIG. 4, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.





DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a battery tester having holsters for securing battery clamps when not in use. Before describing embodiments of holsters, examples of a battery tester and monitoring system will be described.


Since the introduction and manufacture of SLI (Starting/lighting/ignition) batteries for automobiles, testing methodology has relied primarily on BCI (Battery Council International) supported standards to measure the overall condition of the battery using hydrometer, load, and voltage drop testing standards.


With an increase in battery sales by mass retailers and service providers, these traditional methods have been replaced by various electronic testers and fast chargers using various technologies including conductance, impedance, load, light, charge acceptance to both test and recovery discharged batteries, etc.


The Battery Council International has also published information on the average battery life calculations by geographic area. Manufacturers of test equipment, retailers, battery manufacturers, and service providers have been reluctant to modify specific test algorithms or charge recovery times solely based on the battery age or sell date, treating all batteries the same as presented for testing, charge, recovery, and in the determination of warranty acceptance. Class action lawsuits, fines, and criminal charges relating unscrupulous selling methods, sales incentive awards, or kickbacks for increasing battery sales have additionally contributed to the reluctance of retailers, battery manufacturers, service providers, and tester manufacturers in introducing additional manually inputted criteria that could be manipulated by users of the equipment to deceive customers or construe an environment that could lead to misrepresentation of results to the customer. Potential liabilities, risks, and past legal issues outweighed the benefits generated by incorporating battery age into the testing criteria that would directly influence the testing algorithm in the determination of the batteries true condition and need for possible replacement.


Recent methodologies of incorporating battery age as part of the test process include only the printing of average battery life, the triggering of marginal battery indication, or additional information concerning the tested battery such as cold weather start performance, but do not, in general, influence or change the actual testing algorithms, criteria, recovery times, recovery methods, or analysis of the battery presented based on the battery's age or amount of time the battery has been in use. In general, all batteries are tested and charged in the same manner regardless of the age, warranty, non-warranty, or quality level classification (Good, Better, Best series) of battery purchased as presented to the testers or chargers.


While past practices have been regarded as acceptable methods for testing and charging batteries, advances in battery manufacturing technology and tighter quality control standards have significantly reduced manufacturing quality defects in battery production. Improved transportation infrastructure, packaging, and shipment methods have reduced damage during transit. Better management of stock rotation, turns, and retail rack systems has reduced potential problems created with the storage of the batteries prior to sale.


Advances in point of sale (POS) systems have also greatly advanced the information available to retailers, OEM's, distributors, and service providers regarding the manufacturer, sell date, and useful life span. Several methodologies now exist to extract this information about the battery through scanning or input of serial number identifiers, date codes; RFID tags, and bar-coding technology providing enhanced methods for determining battery age, sell date, and warranty tracking. Additionally, this information can be uploaded automatically to the testers through the use of bar code scanning, RFID, POS transfer of information which reduces the manual inputs necessary by the operator greatly reducing potential errors associated with past manual input testing practices.


While manufactured battery defects continue to decline, newer automobiles have seen their power requirements increase with the addition by OEM's of Electronic Control Units or ECM's, TCM's, on-board entertainment systems, communication systems, power systems, environmental, and other OEM installed systems. Additionally, consumers may add optional non-OEM devices to the vehicle requiring substantial power demands from the battery and charging system including, power chargers for cell phone communication, computers, video players, high powered audio amplifiers, GPS navigation systems, lighting systems, along with many other optional devices which can demand high power consumption from the vehicle electrical systems.


Many times, the vehicle's OEM electrical system may not have the capacity to supply all the vehicle power demands, relying on the battery to supplement these demands. Situations involving short distance driving, stop/go driving, extended idling, and operating the accessories with the vehicle without the engine running can significantly deplete the power reserve capacities of these batteries. Additionally, accessories left in the on position in an unintended manner can severely deplete the power reserves of the battery leading to a no-start situation with the vehicle.


With the complexity of these on-board systems and power demands for optional equipment it is not uncommon for a consumer to have a no-start situation occur and to assume that they need a new battery when in fact, the cause of the no-start situation was the result of excessive power demands or charging system problem causing the discharged battery condition. Many of these consumers will install or purchase a new battery only to have the same no-start or discharged battery condition occur or repeat itself, leading the customer to believe they have purchased a defective battery and asking for a free replacement under the terms of the free replacement warranty for manufacturing defect, as the battery will not start the vehicle in its heavily discharged state.


Conventional testing and fast charging methodology using the rating of the battery and other inputs or conditions could significantly create longer wait times for all batteries to be tested or charged to determine if the battery is recoverable. Additionally, the knowledge gained on the age of the battery can aid to successfully identifying the cause of the discharge so that the consumer can address and fix the issue so that the situation does not reoccur. Additionally, battery manufacturers and retailers can provide enhanced customer service and support to the consumer while reducing their warranty exposure on new battery sales. Battery age as an input can have a significant positive environmental impact in reduction of fossil fuels for the transport, recovery, recycling, and raw materials required by replacing these good batteries for consumers with another warranty replacement.


The current policies of replacement of good batteries by retailers and service providers are estimated in excess of 500 million dollars annually.


As a battery ages, its internal components gradually wear out through corrosion, disintegration and shedding. When this happens, its conductance typically drops until it reaches a point at which the performance of the battery becomes significantly degraded and can cause a vehicle to not start. Similarly, a new battery which has been recently installed in a vehicle and experienced significant discharge from a power drain from lights being left in the on position, doors left open, accessory power drains, or a damaged charging system may also fail to start the vehicle.


Treating and/or recovering an eight-year-old battery the same manner as a one week old battery greatly reduces the effectiveness of the equipment in determining the true battery condition in deeply discharges batteries. This leads to an increase in error rates, and lower recovery rates for deeply discharged batteries.


Through the input of battery age in the test process, custom algorithms can be added to the testers and diagnostic chargers allowing customized test and recovery processes to occur that can significantly increase the overall accuracy, speed, and recovery rates for good batteries, along with conveying important information to the operator and consumer regarding the potential reason for the no-start condition.


Below are examples of the use of battery age.


A battery submitted for testing is identified by the tester or charger as being sold within the last two days and analysis indicates the battery is in a severely discharged state. Knowing that the battery was recently manufactured and that quality defects make up less than 0.25% of return issues, the test algorithm is modified to indicate that charging is required. Similarly, in the use of a diagnostic charger, the algorithm is adjusted to allow for additional charge recovery time or modification of test/recovery algorithms in addition to communicating to the user specific outputs to aid the retailer or consumer in determining possible issues that could cause a battery to become severely discharged.


A consumer presenting a battery for testing that is eight years in age and in a discharged state would allow for tailoring of the test algorithm to seek out specific factors that are commonly found in older batteries such as sulfated conditions, plate or grid damage, bad-cell, or shorted conditions. The charge recovery rate for batteries of this age is substantially lower than the general population seen as sited in the previous two-day old battery example. Testing and charging both batteries in the same manner again reduces the effectiveness of the equipment, impacts overall accuracy rates, and could prolong the test and recovery process creating longer customer wait times. Through the use of the input of battery age, specific algorithms can be used to identify immediately to the customer the average life span for that type, in addition to specific test and charge recovery algorithms tailored for older batteries based on research of test & recovery methods for older batteries. These specific algorithms using battery age as an input will provide enhanced accuracy, faster test and recovery times, enhanced diagnostic output and recommendations for the user and consumer; and better efficiency of equipment in a retail, OEM, or service environment.


Age Input Methodologies:


Inputting age and/or sales date of the battery into the tester or diagnostic charger can use any appropriate technique. For example:






    • Unique serial Number ID on the battery

    • Unique Bar-Code on the Battery

    • Serial #tied to database

    • Unique Bar code tied to database

    • RFID Tag

    • RFID Tag tied to database

    • Receipt input—Manual

    • Receipt input—Bar Code

    • Receipt input—Database

    • Database—Customer ID—Phone, Name, customer #

    • Manual input—By User

    • Manual Input






FIG. 1 illustrates an electronic battery tester 16 which operates in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Tester 16 includes dynamic parameter measurement circuitry 2, which is configured to measure a dynamic parameter of battery 12 through first and second Kelvin connections 8A and 8B. Dynamic parameter measurement circuitry 2 measures a dynamic parameter, that is a parameter which is a function of a signal with a time varying component of battery 12, and provides a dynamic parameter output 4 to calculation circuitry 6. Examples of dynamic parameters include dynamic conductance resistance, reactance, susceptance, and their combinations. Calculation circuitry 6 receives the dynamic parameter output 4 and an optional rating 8, which relates to a rating of battery 12 and an empirical input variable 9. Based upon the optional rating, the empirical input variable and the measured dynamic parameter output 4, calculation circuitry 6 responsively provides a relative test output 11 of battery 12.


In one aspect of the present disclosure, the criteria used to test the storage battery 12 is adjusted based upon the age of the battery 12. For example, if battery 12 is a new battery, a more stringent test can be applied to battery 12.



FIG. 2 is a more detailed block diagram of circuitry 16 which operates in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, and determines a dynamic parameter such as the conductance (GBAT) of battery 12 and the voltage potential (VBAT) between terminals 22 and 24 of battery 12. Circuitry 16 includes a forcing function such as current source 50, differential amplifier 52, analog-to-digital converter 54 and microprocessor 56. In this embodiment, dynamic parameter measurement circuitry 2 shown in FIG. 1 generally comprises source 50, amplifier 52, analog-to-digital converter 54, amplifier 70 and microprocessor 56. Calculation circuitry 6 generally comprises microprocessor 56. The general blocks shown in FIG. 1 can be implemented as desired and are not limited to the configurations shown in FIG. 2. Amplifier 52 is capacitively coupled to battery 12 through capacitors C1 and C2. Amplifier 52 has an output connected to an input of analog-to-digital converter 54. Microprocessor 56 is connected to system clock 58, memory 60 and analog-to-digital converter 54. Microprocessor 56 may also be connected to a pass/fail indicator. Microprocessor 56 is also capable of receiving an input from input device 66. The input can be the empirical input variable, a rating of the battery, or other data as desired.


In operation, current source 50 is controlled by microprocessor 56 and provides a current in the direction shown by the arrow in FIG. 2. This can be any type of time varying signal. Source 50 can be an active source or a passive source such as a resistance. Differential amplifier 52 is connected to terminals 22 and 24 of battery 12 through capacitors C1 and C2, respectively, and provides an output related to the voltage potential difference between terminals 22 and 24. In a preferred embodiment, amplifier 52 has a high input impedance. Circuitry 16 includes differential amplifier 70 having inverting and non-inverting inputs connected to terminals 24 and 22, respectively. Amplifier 70 is connected to measure the open circuit potential voltage (VBAT) of battery 12 between terminals 22 and 24. The output of amplifier 70 is provided to analog-to-digital converter 54 such that the voltage across terminals 22 and 24 can be measured by microprocessor 56.


Circuitry 16 is connected to battery 12 through a four-point connection technique known as a Kelvin connection. This Kelvin connection allows current I to be injected into battery 12 through a first pair of terminals, while the voltage V across the terminals 22 and 24 is measured by a second pair of connections. Because very little current flows through amplifier 52, the voltage drop across the inputs to amplifier 52 is substantially identical to the voltage drop across terminals 22 and 24 of battery 12. The output of differential amplifier 52 is converted to a digital format and is provided to microprocessor 56. Microprocessor 56 operates at a frequency determined by system clock 58 and in accordance with programming instructions stored in memory 60.


Microprocessor 56 determines the conductance of battery 12 by applying a forcing function having a time varying component. The forcing function can be applied by current source 50 which operates as a forcing function source and may be any appropriate signal having a time varying component, including a transient signal. The forcing function source 50 can, for example, operate by selectively applying a load such as a resistance. The microprocessor determines the change in battery voltage due to the current pulse I using amplifier 52 and analog-to-digital converter 54. The value of current I generated by current source 50 is known and is stored in memory 60. In one embodiment, current I is obtained by applying a load to battery 12. Microprocessor 56 calculates the conductance of battery 12 using the following equation:









Conductance
=


G
BAT

=


Δ

I


Δ

V







Equation





1







where ΔI is the change in current flowing through battery 12 due to current source 50 and ΔV is the change in battery voltage due to applied current ΔI.


Microprocessor 56 operates in accordance with the present disclosure and determines the relative test output discussed herein. The relative test output can be provided on the data output. The data output can be a visual display or other device for providing information to an operator and/or can be an output provided to other circuitry.


As used herein, a dynamic parameter of the battery is a parameter which has been measured using an applied signal (either passively or actively) with a time varying component. Examples of dynamic parameters include dynamic resistance, conductance, reactance, susceptance and their combinations both real, imaginary and combinations, etc.


Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented using any appropriate technique. For simplicity, a single technique has been illustrated herein. However, other techniques may be used including implementation in all analog circuitry. Additionally, by using appropriate techniques, any dynamic parameter can be measured. In some embodiments, a desired output level of the battery is obtained, for example through an input.



FIG. 3 is a block diagram 100 showing steps in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. These steps can be implemented using the circuitry shown in FIG. 2. For example, the steps can be implemented in microprocessor 56 in accordance with programming instructions stored in memory 60.


At block 102, the process is initiated and control is passed to block 104 where the battery tester 16 receives battery age information from input 66. This battery age information can be received through any appropriate techniques including a user input. The input may be a date, unique identifier of the battery, code identifier of the manufacture date, information related to a sale date, any information related to manufacture date, etc. The input can be through a manual input or through other non-manual techniques such as a barcode input, serial number input, a RFID (Radio Frequency Identification tag), input contained on a purchase receipt or warranty card, retrieved from a database based upon purchase information such as information which identifies the purchase, etc.


At block 106, battery test information is retrieved, for example, from memory 60. This test information can be a particular test criteria, a particular battery test, etc. including information stored in memory 60 of battery tester 106. The battery test information retrieved at block 106 is modified based upon the received age information at block 108. The test itself may be modified (in other words, different types of test are applied such as a load test, etc.) or steps in the test are modified, for example, the battery must be recharged prior to test. In another example, the test criteria are modified, in other words, the test result for a new battery may be indicated as a failure, whereas the same test result for an older battery may be considered a successful test.


At block 110, the battery test is performed. This battery test can be in accordance with any appropriate technique and is not limited to the tests described herein. An output from the battery test result is provided at block 112. This output can be provided locally or can be sent to a remote location, or to other electronic circuitry. The output may be in a human readable form or it may be in a form that is readable by machine. The output may include the received battery aging information or otherwise be based upon the battery age information. This may be in the form of the modified battery test result, or some other form. The output may be encrypted such that it is not easily modified in order to reduce falsified warranty claims. At block 114, the process terminates.


The age information can be used in any type of battery maintenance device and is not limited to a battery tester. For example, device 16 may comprise any type of battery maintenance device such as a battery tester or a charger, a combination of the two, a charger that includes diagnostic capabilities, etc.


Battery Clamp Holsters



FIGS. 4-10 illustrate examples of a battery tester 130, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram of a battery tester 130, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 4, hidden features and alternative positions of the battery clamps are shown in phantom lines. FIG. 5 is an exploded isometric view of an example of a battery tester 130, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. FIGS. 6 and 7 are top views of the battery tester 130 of FIG. 5 respectively with a battery clamp received within a holster of the battery tester 130, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the battery tester 130 without the battery clamps, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. FIGS. 9 and 10 are side cross-sectional views of the battery tester 130, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.


The battery tester 130 generally includes a testing unit 132, a pair of battery clamps 134, and a pair of clamp holsters 136. In some of the figures, only a single battery clamp 134 is illustrated in order to simplify the drawings.


Each battery clamp 134 may take on any conventional form, and is configured to connect terminals 137 of a battery under test 139 (FIG. 4) to the testing unit 132 through a traditional connection, a Kelvin connection (e.g., connection 8A or 8B in FIG. 1), or another suitable connection. Each battery clamp 134 may be attached to the testing unit 132 through a suitable cable 135.


The testing unit 132 includes testing circuitry 141 that is configured to perform one or more battery tests on a battery 139 that is connected to the test unit 132 through the clamps 134, as indicated in FIG. 4. The testing circuitry 141 may take on any suitable form, such as circuitry that is similar to the tester 16 described above, or similar to the testing circuitry described in the battery tester examples in the references cited below. The testing performed by the circuitry 141 of the testing unit 132 may include a battery test in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.


Each holster 136 is configured to receive one of the battery clamps 134 when they are not in use. This is illustrated in FIG. 4 by the clamps 134 shown in solid and phantom lines, and in FIG. 7. In some embodiments, each holster 136 includes a holster body 138 having an opening 140 at a receiving end 142 to an interior cavity 144, such as shown in FIG. 5. The interior cavity 144 is configured to receive and hold one of the clamps 134. In some embodiments, the interior cavity 144 is configured to receive and hold a clamping end 146 of the battery clamp 134, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 7. The holster body 138 also includes a distal end 148, which may be closed to protect the clamping end 146 of the battery clamp 134 that is received within the interior cavity 144, as shown in FIG. 7.


In some embodiments, the interior cavity 144 of the holster body 138 may be defined by a front wall 143, a rear wall 145 that is opposite the front wall 143, and opposing side walls 147 and 149 that extend between and connect to the front and rear walls 143 and 145, as best shown in FIG. 5. In some embodiments, these walls of the interior cavity 144 of the holster body 138 may approximately conform to the exterior of the clamping end 146 of the battery clamp 134 to prevent excessive movement of the battery clamp 134 once it is received within the holster 136. For example, the side walls 147 and 149 may be tapered from the receiving end 142 to the distal end 148 to better conform to the clamping end 146 of the clamps 134, as shown in FIG. 6.


In some embodiments, the testing unit 132 includes a housing 150 that is configured to support the holsters 136. The housing 150 and the holster body 138 may include cooperating connectors 151 that facilitate the attachment of the holster body 138 to the housing 150, as indicated in FIG. 4. In some embodiments, the cooperating connectors on the holster body 138 are keyed to the opposite sides of the housing 150 to prevent attachment of a holster 136 to the wrong side of the housing 150.


In one example, a cooperating connector 151 of the housing 150 includes a holster receiver 152 that may comprise a slot 154 having a shoulder 156, as shown in FIG. 8. The corresponding cooperating connector 151 of the holster body 138 may include a connecting tab 158 that extends from the rear wall 145 and is received within the slot 154 and secured to the housing 150 by the shoulder 156, as shown in FIGS. 8-10.


In some embodiments, the cooperating connectors 151 of the holster body 138 and the housing 150 include features that maintain the tab 158 within the slot 154. In one embodiment, the slot 154 and the tab 158 are tapered to provide a press-fit securement of the holster body 138 to the housing 150.


In another embodiment, the housing 150 may include a detent 162, such as in a side wall or surface 164 that is configured to receive a locking tab 166 extending from the side wall 147 of the holster body 138 when the tab 158 extending from the rear wall 145 of the holster body 138 is fully received within the slot 154. The tab 166 may extend from a live hinge 170 that forms a portion of the side wall 147. When the holster body 138 is attached to the housing 150 by sliding the tab 158 into the slot 154, the tab 166 snaps into the detent or groove 162 and prevents the detachment of the holster body 138 from the housing 150, such as by preventing the connecting tab 158 from sliding out of the slot 154. Thus, the engagement between detent 162 and the locking tab 166 secures the holster body 138 to the housing 150. The holster body 138 may be detached from the housing 150 by pulling the live hinge 170 away from the side wall 164 of the housing 150, and sliding the holster body 138 such that the tab 158 is removed from the slot 154.


In some embodiments, the battery tester 130 magnetically secures the battery clamps 134 within the holsters 136 using one or more magnets 172 (hereinafter “magnet”), such as indicated in FIG. 4. In one example, the housing 150 of the testing unit 132 includes sockets 174 that are each configured to receive one of the magnet 172, as best shown in FIGS. 5, 9 and 10. The socket 174 and the received magnet 172 may be positioned adjacent the receiving end 142 of the holster 136 or another location to position the magnet 172 adjacent a portion 177 (e.g., a steel portion) of the battery clamp 134 when it is received within the holster 136, such as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. The magnetic attraction between the magnet 172 and the portion 177 of the battery clamp 134 operates to secure the battery clamp 134 within the holster 136, while allowing a user to quickly remove the battery clamp 134 from the holster 136 by hand. Thus, the magnet 172 assists in securing the battery clamp 134 within the holster 136 when the testing unit is jostled or oriented at an angle that would otherwise cause the clamps 134 to fall out of the holster 136.


The magnet 172 may be secured within the socket 174 of the housing 150 using any suitable technique, such as an adhesive or a press-fit connection. In some embodiments, the magnet 172 is protected from egress from the socket 174 by the holster body 138. For example, edges of a notch 178 formed in the rear wall 145 of the holster body 138 may engage the top surface 176 of the magnet 172 when it is received within the socket 174.


In some embodiments, a top surface 176 of the magnet 172 may be flush with the top edge of the socket 174 of the housing 150, such as shown in FIG. 10. When the battery clamp 134 is received within the holster 136, the portion 177 of the battery clamp 134 is preferably positioned in contact with or in close proximity to the top surface 176 of the magnet 172 to improve the magnetic attraction of the clamp 134 to the magnet 172, and improve the securement of the clamp 134 within the holster 136. In one embodiment, the portion 177 may be accommodated by the notch 178 formed in the holster body 138 to allow the portion 177 to be placed in contact with the surface 176 of the magnet 172, or at least is closer in proximity to the surface 176 than would be possible if the notch 178 was not present, as shown in FIG. 9.


Alternatively, the top surface 176 of the magnet 172 may extend above the top edge of the socket 174 and, thus, project from the housing 150 toward the interior cavity 144 of the holster 136. This projection of the magnet 172 may be accommodated by the notch 178 formed in the holster body 138, through which the top surface 176 of the magnet 172 may extend. This allows the top surface 176 of the magnet 172 to be placed closer to the battery clamp 134 when it is received within the holster 136 than would be possible if the notch 178 was not present. This reduction or elimination of a gap between the top surface 176 of the magnet 172 and the battery clamp 134, such as a steel portion of the battery clamp 134, provides an increase in the magnetic attraction between the magnet 172 and the battery clamp 134 than would be possible if a larger gap existed. As a result, the reduction or elimination of such a gap by projecting the top surface 176 of the magnet 172 into or toward the interior cavity 144 of the holster 136 improves the securement of the battery clamp 134 within the holster 136.


Electronic battery testers are known in the art and used to test storage batteries. Various examples of such testers, testing circuitry, battery tests, and other related technology are described in the following references, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties: U.S. Pat. No. 3,873,911, issued Mar. 25, 1975, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 3,909,708, issued Sep. 30, 1975, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,768, issued Mar. 28, 1989, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 4,825,170, issued Apr. 25, 1989, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 4,881,038, issued Nov. 14, 1989, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 4,912,416, issued Mar. 27, 1990, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,269, issued Aug. 18, 1992, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 5,343,380, issued Aug. 30, 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,136, issued Nov. 5, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,355, issued Nov. 12, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,416, issued Dec. 10, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,728, issued Dec. 17, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,757, issued Dec. 31, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,592,093, issued Jan. 7, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 5,598,098, issued Jan. 28, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 5,656,920, issued Aug. 12, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 5,757,192, issued May 26, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,821,756, issued Oct. 13, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,831,435, issued Nov. 3, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,871,858, issued Feb. 16, 1999; U.S. Pat. No. 5,914,605, issued Jun. 22, 1999; U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,829, issued Aug. 31, 1999; U.S. Pat. No. 6,002,238, issued Dec. 14, 1999; U.S. Pat. No. 6,037,751, issued Mar. 14, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,037,777, issued Mar. 14, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,051,976, issued Apr. 18, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,081,098, issued Jun. 27, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,091,245, issued Jul. 18, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,104,167, issued Aug. 15, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,137,269, issued Oct. 24, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,163,156, issued Dec. 19, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 6,172,483, issued Jan. 9, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,172,505, issued Jan. 9, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,369, issued Apr. 24, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,808, issued May 1, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,249,124, issued Jun. 19, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,259,254, issued Jul. 10, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,262,563, issued Jul. 17, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,294,896, issued Sep. 25, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,294,897, issued Sep. 25, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,304,087, issued Oct. 16, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,310,481, issued Oct. 30, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,313,607, issued Nov. 6, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,313,608, issued Nov. 6, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,316,914, issued Nov. 13, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,650, issued Nov. 27, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,329,793, issued Dec. 11, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,331,762, issued Dec. 18, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,332,113, issued Dec. 18, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,351,102, issued Feb. 26, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,359,441, issued Mar. 19, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,363,303, issued Mar. 26, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,377,031, issued Apr. 23, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,392,414, issued May 21, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,417,669, issued Jul. 9, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,424,158, issued Jul. 23, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,441,585, issued Aug. 17, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,437,957, issued Aug. 20, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,445,158, issued Sep. 3, 2002; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,456,045; 6,466,025, issued Oct. 15, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,465,908, issued Oct. 15, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,466,026, issued Oct. 15, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,469,511, issued Nov. 22, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,495,990, issued Dec. 17, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,497,209, issued Dec. 24, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,507,196, issued Jan. 14, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,534,993; issued Mar. 18, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,078, issued Apr. 8, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,556,019, issued Apr. 29, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,566,883, issued May 20, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,586,941, issued Jul. 1, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,597,150, issued Jul. 22, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,621,272, issued Sep. 16, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,314, issued Sep. 23, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,633,165, issued Oct. 14, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,635,974, issued Oct. 21, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,696,819, issued Feb. 24, 20144; U.S. Pat. No. 6,707,303, issued Mar. 16, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,737,831, issued May 18, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,744,149, issued Jun. 1, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,759,849, issued Jul. 6, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,781,382, issued Aug. 24, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,788,025, filed Sep. 7, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,795,782, issued Sep. 21, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,805,090, filed Oct. 19, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,806,716, filed Oct. 19, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,850,037, filed Feb. 1, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,850,037, issued Feb. 1, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,871,151, issued Mar. 22, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,885,195, issued Apr. 26, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,888,468, issued May 3, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,891,378, issued May 10, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,906,522, issued Jun. 14, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,906,523, issued Jun. 14, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,909,287, issued Jun. 21, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,914,413, issued Jul. 5, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,913,483, issued Jul. 5, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,930,485, issued Aug. 16, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,933,727, issued Aug. 23, 200; U.S. Pat. No. 6,941,234, filed Sep. 6, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,967,484, issued Nov. 22, 2005; U.S. Pat. No. 6,998,847, issued Feb. 14, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,003,410, issued Feb. 21, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,003,411, issued Feb. 21, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,012,433, issued Mar. 14, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,015,674, issued Mar. 21, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,034,541, issued Apr. 25, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,039,533, issued May 2, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,058,525, issued Jun. 6, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,081,755, issued Jul. 25, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,106,070, issued Sep. 12, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,116,109, issued Oct. 3, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,119,686, issued Oct. 10, 2006; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,126,341, issued Oct. 24, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,154,276, issued Dec. 26, 2006; U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,510, issued Apr. 3, 2007; U.S. Pat. No. 7,363,175, issued Apr. 22, 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 7,208,914, issued Apr. 24, 2007; U.S. Pat. No. 7,246,015, issued Jul. 17, 2007; U.S. Pat. No. 7,295,936, issued Nov. 13, 2007; U.S. Pat. No. 7,319,304, issued Jan. 15, 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 7,363,175, issued Apr. 22, 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 7,398,176, issued Jul. 8, 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 7,408,358, issued Aug. 5, 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 7,425,833, issued Sep. 16, 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 7,446,536, issued Nov. 4, 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,763, issued Jan. 20, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,498,767, issued Mar. 3, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,501,795, issued Mar. 10, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,505,856, issued Mar. 17, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,545,146, issued Jun. 9, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,557,586, issued Jul. 7, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,595,643, issued Sep. 29, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,598,699, issued Oct. 6, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,598,744, issued Oct. 6, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,598,743, issued Oct. 6, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,619,417, issued Nov. 17, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 7,642,786, issued Jan. 5, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,642,787, issued Jan. 5, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,656,162, issued Feb. 2, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,688,074, issued Mar. 30, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,705,602, issued Apr. 27, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,706,992, issued Apr. 27, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,710,119, issued May 4, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,723,993, issued May 25, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,728,597, issued Jun. 1, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,772,850, issued Aug. 10, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,774,151, issued Aug. 10, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,777,612, issued Aug. 17, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,791,348, issued Sep. 7, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,808,375, issued Oct. 5, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,924,015, issued Apr. 12, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. 7,940,053, issued May 10, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. 7,940,052, issued May 10, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. 7,959,476, issued Jun. 14, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. 7,977,914, issued Jul. 12, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. 7,999,505, issued Aug. 16, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. D643,759, issued Aug. 23, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. 8,164,343, issued Apr. 24, 2012; U.S. Pat. No. 8,198,900, issued Jun. 12, 2012; U.S. Pat. No. 8,203,345, issued Jun. 19, 2012; U.S. Pat. No. 8,237,448, issued Aug. 7, 2012; U.S. Pat. No. 8,306,690, issued Nov. 6, 2012; U.S. Pat. No. 8,344,685, issued Jan. 1, 2013; U.S. Pat. No. 8,436,619, issued May 7, 2013; U.S. Pat. No. 8,442,877, issued May 14, 2013; U.S. Pat. No. 8,493,022, issued Jul. 23, 2013; U.S. Pat. No. D687,727, issued Aug. 13, 2013; U.S. Pat. No. 8,513,949, issued Aug. 20, 2013; U.S. Pat. No. 8,674,654, issued Mar. 18, 2014; U.S. Pat. No. 8,674,711, issued Mar. 18, 2014; U.S. Pat. No. 8,704,483, issued Apr. 22, 2014; U.S. Pat. No. 8,738,309, issued May 27, 2014; U.S. Pat. No. 8,754,653, issued Jun. 17, 2014; U.S. Pat. No. 8,872,516, issued Oct. 28, 2014; U.S. Pat. No. 8,872,517, issued Oct. 28, 2014; U.S. Pat. No. 8,958,998, issued Feb. 17, 2015; U.S. Pat. No. 8,963,550, issued Feb. 24, 2015; U.S. Pat. No. 9,018,958, issued Apr. 28, 2015; U.S. Pat. No. 9,052,366, issued Jun. 9, 2015; U.S. Pat. No. 9,201,120, issued Dec. 1, 2015; U.S. Pat. No. 9,229,062, issued Jan. 5, 20126; U.S. Pat. No. 9,244,100, issued Jan. 26, 2016; U.S. Pat. No. 9,274,157, issued Mar. 1, 2016; U.S. Pat. No. 9,312,575, issued Apr. 12, 2016; U.S. Pat. No. 9,335,362, issued May 10, 2016; U.S. Pat. No. 9,425,487, issued Aug. 23, 2016; U.S. Pat. No. 9,419,311, issued Aug. 16, 2016; U.S. Pat. No. 9,496,720, issued Nov. 15, 2016; U.S. Pat. No. 9,588,185, issued Mar. 7, 2017; U.S. Pat. No. 9,923,289, issued Mar. 20, 2018; U.S. Pat. No. 9,966,676, issued May 8, 2018; U.S. Pat. No. 10,046,649, issued Aug. 14, 2018; U.S. Pat. No. 10,222,397, issued Mar. 5, 2019; U.S. Pat. No. 10,317,468, issued Jun. 11, 2019; U.S. Pat. No. 10,429,449, issued Oct. 1, 2019; U.S. Pat. No. 10,473,555, issued Nov. 12, 2019; U.S. Pat. No. 10,608,353, issued Mar. 31, 2020; U.S. Pat. No. 10,843,574, issued Nov. 24, 2020; U.S. Ser. No. 09/780,146, filed Feb. 9, 2001, entitled STORAGE BATTERY WITH INTEGRAL BATTERY TESTER; U.S. Ser. No. 09/756,638, filed Jan. 8, 2001, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING BATTERY PROPERTIES FROM COMPLEX IMPEDANCE/ADMITTANCE; U.S. Ser. No. 09/862,783, filed May 21, 2001, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TESTING CELLS AND BATTERIES EMBEDDED IN SERIES/PARALLEL SYSTEMS; U.S. Ser. No. 09/880,473, filed Jun. 13, 2001; entitled BATTERY TEST MODULE; U.S. Ser. No. 10/109,734, filed Mar. 28, 2002, entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COUNTERACTING SELF DISCHARGE IN A STORAGE BATTERY; U.S. Ser. No. 10/263,473, filed Oct. 2, 2002, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH RELATIVE TEST OUTPUT; U.S. Ser. No. 09/653,963, filed Sep. 1, 2000, entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING POWER GENERATION AND STORAGE; U.S. Ser. No. 10/174,110, filed Jun. 18, 2002, entitled DAYTIME RUNNING LIGHT CONTROL USING AN INTELLIGENT POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 10/258,441, filed Apr. 9, 2003, entitled CURRENT MEASURING CIRCUIT SUITED FOR BATTERIES; U.S. Ser. No. 10/681,666, filed Oct. 8, 2003, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH PROBE LIGHT; U.S. Ser. No. 11/207,419, filed Aug. 19, 2005, entitled SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATICALLY GATHERING BATTERY INFORMATION FOR USE DURING BATTERY TESTER/CHARGING, U.S. Ser. No. 11/356,443, filed Feb. 16, 2006, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH NETWORK COMMUNICATION; U.S. Ser. No. 12/697,485, filed Feb. 1, 2010, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER; U.S. Ser. No. 12/769,911, filed Apr. 29, 2010, entitled STATIONARY BATTERY TESTER; U.S. Ser. No. 13/098,661, filed May 2, 2011, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING A PARAMETER OF A VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 13/152,711, filed Jun. 3, 2011, entitled BATTERY PACK MAINTENANCE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE; U.S. Ser. No. 14/039,746, filed Sep. 27, 2013, entitled BATTERY PACK MAINTENANCE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE; U.S. Ser. No. 14/565,689, filed Dec. 10, 2014, entitled BATTERY TESTER AND BATTERY REGISTRATION TOOL; U.S. Ser. No. 15/017,887, filed Feb. 8, 2016, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING A PARAMETER OF A VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 15/049,483, filed Feb. 22, 2016, entitled BATTERY TESTER FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE; U.S. Ser. No. 15/077,975, filed Mar. 23, 2016, entitled BATTERY MAINTENANCE SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 15/149,579, filed May 9, 2016, entitled BATTERY TESTER FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE; U.S. Ser. No. 15/791,772, field Oct. 24, 2017, entitled ELECTRICAL LOAD FOR ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER AND ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER INCLUDING SUCH ELECTRICAL LOAD; U.S. Ser. No. 16/021,538, filed Jun. 28, 2018, entitled BATTERY PACK MAINTENANCE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE; U.S. Ser. No. 16/056,991, filed Aug. 7, 2018, entitled HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY PACK MAINTENANCE DEVICE, U.S. Ser. No. 16/253,526, filed Jan. 22, 2019, entitled HIGH CAPACITY BATTERY BALANCER; U.S. Ser. No. 16/253,549, filed Jan. 22, 2019, entitled HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY PACK MAINTENANCE DEVICE; U.S. Ser. No. 16/297,975, filed Mar. 11, 2019, entitled HIGH USE BATTERY PACK MAINTENANCE; U.S. Ser. No. 16/695,705, filed Nov. 26, 2019, entitled BATTERY RATING VERSUS OEM SPECIFICATION; U.S. Ser. No. 16/943,120, filed Jul. 30, 2020 entitled TIRE TREAD GAUGE USING VISUAL INDICATOR; U.S. Ser. No. 17/086,629, filed Nov. 2, 2020, entitled HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY PACK MAINTENANCE DEVICE; U.S. Ser. No. 17/088,824, filed Nov. 4, 2020, entitled SYSTEM FOR CHARGING A SERIES OF CONNECTED BATTERIES; U.S. Ser. No. 17/090,129, filed Nov. 5, 2020 entitled BATTERY PACK MAINTENANCE SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 17/136,600, filed Dec. 29, 2020, entitled INTELLIGENT MODULE INTERFACE FOR BATTERY MAINTENANCE DEVICE; all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.


Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims
  • 1. A battery tester comprising: a pair of battery clamps, each clamp configured to connect to a terminal of a battery;a testing unit comprising testing circuitry connected to the battery clamps, the testing circuitry configured to perform one or more battery tests on a battery connected to the battery clamps;a pair of holsters attached to a housing of the testing unit, each holster configured to receive and hold one of the battery clamps; anda pair of magnets, each attached to the housing adjacent one of the holsters and configured to magnetically secure one of the battery clamps within the holster, wherein each of the magnets includes an exposed top surface.
  • 2. The battery tester of claim 1, wherein each holster includes a holster body having an interior cavity configured to receive and hold a clamping end of one of the battery clamps.
  • 3. The battery tester of claim 2, wherein each holster body includes a closed distal end that is opposite an open receiving end, through which the clamping end is received into the interior cavity.
  • 4. The battery tester of claim 3, wherein the top surface of each magnet is exposed through a portion of the corresponding holster bodies.
  • 5. The battery tester of claim 4, wherein each battery clamp includes a portion that contacts the top surface of one of the magnets through the portion of the holster body when the battery clamp is received within one of the holsters.
  • 6. The battery tester of claim 5, wherein each portion of the holster bodies comprises a notch extending around at least a portion of a perimeter of the corresponding magnet, wherein the portion of each battery clamp extends through the notch and contacts the top surface of the magnet when the battery clamp is received within one of the holsters.
  • 7. The battery tester of claim 2, wherein: the interior cavity of each of the holster bodies is defined by opposing front and rear walls and opposing side walls extending between the front and rear walls;the housing includes a pair of first connectors;the rear wall of each holster body includes a second connector; andthe first and second connectors cooperate to attach the holster bodies to the housing.
  • 8. The battery tester of claim 7, wherein one of the first and second connectors includes a slot, and the other of the first and second connectors includes a connecting tab that is received within the slot to attach the holster bodies to the housing.
  • 9. The battery tester of claim 8, wherein: one of the side walls of each holster body includes a locking tab extending from a live hinge; andthe housing includes a pair of detents, each of which receives the locking tab of one of the holster bodies and prevents the detachment of the holster body from the housing.
  • 10. A battery tester comprising: a pair of battery clamps, each clamp configured to connect to a terminal of a battery;a testing unit comprising testing circuitry connected to the battery clamps, the testing circuitry configured to perform one or more battery tests on a battery connected to the battery clamps;a housing including a pair of magnets; anda pair of holsters attached to the housing, each holster including a holster body having an interior cavity configured to receive and hold a clamping end of one of the battery clamps,wherein each magnet is configured to magnetically secure one of the battery clamps within the interior cavity of one of the holsters, wherein each of the magnets includes an exposed top surface.
  • 11. The battery tester of claim 10, wherein the top surface of each magnet is exposed through a portion of the corresponding holster bodies.
  • 12. The battery tester of claim 11, wherein each battery clamp includes a portion that contacts the top surface of one of the magnets through the portion of the holster body when the battery clamp is received within one of the holsters.
  • 13. The battery tester of claim 12, wherein: the interior cavity of each of the holster bodies is defined by opposing front and rear walls and opposing side walls extending between the front and rear walls;the housing includes a pair of first connectors;the rear wall of each holster body includes a second connector; andthe first and second connectors cooperate to attach the holster bodies to the housing.
  • 14. A battery tester comprising: a pair of battery clamps, each clamp configured to connect to a terminal of a battery;a testing unit comprising testing circuitry connected to the battery clamps, the testing circuitry configured to perform one or more battery tests on a battery connected to the battery clamps;a housing having a pair of first connectors; anda pair of holsters, each holster including a holster body having an interior cavity configured to receive and hold a clamping end of one of the battery clamps, the interior cavity defined by opposing front and rear walls, and opposing side walls extending between the front and rear walls, each rear wall including a second connector,wherein the first and second connectors cooperate to attach the holster bodies to the housing;wherein one of the first and second connectors includes a slot, and the other of the first and second connectors includes a connecting tab that is received within the slot to attach the holster bodies to the housing;wherein: one of the side walls of each holster body includes a locking tab extending from a live hinge; andthe housing includes a pair of detents, each of which receives the locking tab of one of the holster bodies and prevents the detachment of the holster body from the housing.
  • 15. The battery tester of claim 14, wherein: the housing includes a pair of magnets, each magnetic having a top surface; andeach battery clamp includes a portion that contacts the top surface of one of the magnets through a portion of the holster body when the battery clamp is received within one of the holsters.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is based on and claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/964,834, filed Jan. 23, 2020, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

US Referenced Citations (1121)
Number Name Date Kind
85553 Adams Jan 1869 A
2000665 Neal May 1935 A
2254846 Heyer Sep 1941 A
2417940 Lehman Mar 1947 A
2437772 Wall Mar 1948 A
2514745 Dalzell Jul 1950 A
2727221 Springg Dec 1955 A
3025455 Jonsson Mar 1962 A
3178686 Mills Apr 1965 A
3215194 Sununu et al. Nov 1965 A
3223969 Alexander Dec 1965 A
3267452 Wolf Aug 1966 A
3356936 Smith Dec 1967 A
3562634 Latner Feb 1971 A
3593099 Scholl Jul 1971 A
3607673 Seyl Sep 1971 A
3652341 Halsall et al. Mar 1972 A
3676770 Sharaf et al. Jul 1972 A
3699433 Smith, Jr. Oct 1972 A
3704439 Nelson Nov 1972 A
3729989 Little May 1973 A
3745441 Soffer Jul 1973 A
3750011 Kreps Jul 1973 A
3753094 Furuishi et al. Aug 1973 A
3776177 Bryant et al. Dec 1973 A
3796124 Crosa Mar 1974 A
2689939 Godshalk Apr 1974 A
3808401 Wright et al. Apr 1974 A
3808522 Sharaf Apr 1974 A
3808573 Cappell Apr 1974 A
3811089 Strezelewicz May 1974 A
3816805 Terry Jun 1974 A
3850490 Zehr Nov 1974 A
3857082 Van Opijnen Dec 1974 A
3873911 Champlin Mar 1975 A
3876931 Godshalk Apr 1975 A
3879654 Kessinger Apr 1975 A
3886426 Daggett May 1975 A
3886443 Miyakawa et al. May 1975 A
3889248 Ritter Jun 1975 A
3906329 Bader Sep 1975 A
3909708 Champlin Sep 1975 A
3920284 Lane et al. Nov 1975 A
3936744 Perlmutter Feb 1976 A
3939400 Steele Feb 1976 A
3946299 Christianson et al. Mar 1976 A
3947757 Grube et al. Mar 1976 A
3969667 McWilliams Jul 1976 A
3979664 Harris Sep 1976 A
3984762 Dowgiallo, Jr. Oct 1976 A
3984768 Staples Oct 1976 A
3989544 Santo Nov 1976 A
3997830 Newell et al. Dec 1976 A
4008619 Alcaide et al. Feb 1977 A
4023882 Pettersson May 1977 A
4024953 Nailor, III May 1977 A
4047091 Hutchines et al. Sep 1977 A
4053824 Dupuis et al. Oct 1977 A
4056764 Endo et al. Nov 1977 A
4057313 Polizzano Nov 1977 A
4070624 Taylor Jan 1978 A
4086531 Bernier Apr 1978 A
4106025 Katz Aug 1978 A
4112351 Back et al. Sep 1978 A
4114083 Benham et al. Sep 1978 A
4126874 Suzuki et al. Nov 1978 A
4160916 Papasideris Jul 1979 A
4176315 Sunnarborg Nov 1979 A
4178546 Hulls et al. Dec 1979 A
4193025 Frailing et al. Mar 1980 A
4207610 Gordon Jun 1980 A
4207611 Gordon Jun 1980 A
4217645 Barry et al. Aug 1980 A
4218745 Perkins Aug 1980 A
4280457 Bloxham Jul 1981 A
4295468 Bartelt Oct 1981 A
4297639 Branham Oct 1981 A
4307342 Peterson Dec 1981 A
4315204 Sievers et al. Feb 1982 A
4316185 Watrous et al. Feb 1982 A
4322685 Frailing et al. Mar 1982 A
4351405 Fields et al. Jun 1982 A
4352067 Ottone Sep 1982 A
4360780 Skutch, Jr. Nov 1982 A
4361809 Bil et al. Nov 1982 A
4363407 Buckler et al. Dec 1982 A
4369407 Korbell Jan 1983 A
4379989 Kurz et al. Apr 1983 A
4379990 Sievers et al. Apr 1983 A
4385269 Aspinwall et al. May 1983 A
4390828 Converse et al. Jun 1983 A
4392101 Saar et al. Jul 1983 A
4396880 Windebank Aug 1983 A
4408157 Beaubien Oct 1983 A
4412169 Dell'Orto Oct 1983 A
4423378 Marino et al. Dec 1983 A
4423379 Jacobs et al. Dec 1983 A
4424491 Bobbett et al. Jan 1984 A
4425791 Kling Jan 1984 A
4441359 Ezoe Apr 1984 A
4459548 Lentz et al. Jul 1984 A
4502000 Mashikian Feb 1985 A
4514694 Finger Apr 1985 A
4520353 McAuliffe May 1985 A
4521498 Juergens Jun 1985 A
4544312 Stencel Oct 1985 A
4560230 Inglis Dec 1985 A
4564798 Young Jan 1986 A
4620767 Woolf Nov 1986 A
4626765 Tanaka Dec 1986 A
4633418 Bishop Dec 1986 A
4637359 Cook Jan 1987 A
4643511 Gawlik Feb 1987 A
4659977 Kissel et al. Apr 1987 A
4663580 Wortman May 1987 A
4665370 Holland May 1987 A
4667143 Cooper et al. May 1987 A
4667279 Maier May 1987 A
4678998 Muramatsu Jul 1987 A
4679000 Clark Jul 1987 A
4680528 Mikami et al. Jul 1987 A
4686442 Radomski Aug 1987 A
4697134 Burkum et al. Sep 1987 A
4707795 Alber et al. Nov 1987 A
4709202 Koenck et al. Nov 1987 A
4710861 Kanner Dec 1987 A
4719428 Liebermann Jan 1988 A
4723656 Kiernan et al. Feb 1988 A
4743855 Randin et al. May 1988 A
4745349 Palanisamy et al. May 1988 A
4773011 VanHoose Sep 1988 A
4781629 Mize Nov 1988 A
D299909 Casey Feb 1989 S
4816768 Champlin Mar 1989 A
4820966 Fridman Apr 1989 A
4825170 Champlin Apr 1989 A
4826457 Varatta May 1989 A
4847547 Eng, Jr. et al. Jul 1989 A
4849700 Morioka et al. Jul 1989 A
4874679 Miyagawa Oct 1989 A
4876495 Palanisamy et al. Oct 1989 A
4881038 Champlin Nov 1989 A
4885523 Koenck Dec 1989 A
4888716 Ueno Dec 1989 A
4901007 Sworm Feb 1990 A
4907176 Bahnick et al. Mar 1990 A
4912416 Champlin Mar 1990 A
4913116 Katogi et al. Apr 1990 A
4926330 Abe et al. May 1990 A
4929931 McCuen May 1990 A
4931738 MacIntyre et al. Jun 1990 A
4932905 Richards Jun 1990 A
4933845 Hayes Jun 1990 A
4934957 Bellusci Jun 1990 A
4937528 Palanisamy Jun 1990 A
4947124 Hauser Aug 1990 A
4949046 Seyfang Aug 1990 A
4956597 Heavey et al. Sep 1990 A
4965738 Bauer et al. Oct 1990 A
4968941 Rogers Nov 1990 A
4968942 Palanisamy Nov 1990 A
4969834 Johnson Nov 1990 A
4983086 Hatrock Jan 1991 A
5004979 Marino et al. Apr 1991 A
5030916 Bokitch Jul 1991 A
5032825 Kuznicki Jul 1991 A
5034893 Fisher Jul 1991 A
5037335 Campbell Aug 1991 A
5037778 Stark et al. Aug 1991 A
5047722 Wurst et al. Sep 1991 A
5081565 Nabha et al. Jan 1992 A
5083076 Scott Jan 1992 A
5087881 Peacock Feb 1992 A
5095223 Thomas Mar 1992 A
5108320 Kimber Apr 1992 A
5109213 Williams Apr 1992 A
5126675 Yang Jun 1992 A
5130658 Bohmer Jul 1992 A
5140269 Champlin Aug 1992 A
5144218 Bosscha Sep 1992 A
5144248 Alexandres et al. Sep 1992 A
D330338 Wang Oct 1992 S
5159272 Rao et al. Oct 1992 A
5160881 Schramm et al. Nov 1992 A
5164653 Reem Nov 1992 A
5167529 Verge Dec 1992 A
5168208 Schultz et al. Dec 1992 A
5170124 Blair et al. Dec 1992 A
5179335 Nor Jan 1993 A
5187382 Kondo Feb 1993 A
5194799 Tomantschger Mar 1993 A
5202617 Nor Apr 1993 A
5204611 Nor et al. Apr 1993 A
5214370 Harm et al. May 1993 A
5214385 Gabriel et al. May 1993 A
5223747 Tschulena Jun 1993 A
5241275 Fang Aug 1993 A
5254952 Salley et al. Oct 1993 A
5266880 Newland Nov 1993 A
5278759 Berra et al. Jan 1994 A
5281919 Palanisamy Jan 1994 A
5281920 Wurst Jan 1994 A
5295078 Stich et al. Mar 1994 A
5296823 Dietrich Mar 1994 A
5298797 Redl Mar 1994 A
5300874 Shimamoto et al. Apr 1994 A
5302902 Groehl Apr 1994 A
5309052 Kim May 1994 A
5313152 Wozniak et al. May 1994 A
5315287 Sol May 1994 A
5321231 Schmalzriedt et al. Jun 1994 A
5321626 Palladino Jun 1994 A
5321627 Reher Jun 1994 A
5323337 Wilson et al. Jun 1994 A
5325041 Briggs Jun 1994 A
5331268 Patino et al. Jul 1994 A
5332927 Paul et al. Jul 1994 A
5336993 Thomas et al. Aug 1994 A
5338515 Dalla Betta et al. Aug 1994 A
5339018 Brokaw Aug 1994 A
5343380 Champlin Aug 1994 A
5345384 Przybyla et al. Sep 1994 A
5347163 Yoshimura Sep 1994 A
5349535 Gupta Sep 1994 A
5352968 Reni et al. Oct 1994 A
5357519 Martin et al. Oct 1994 A
5365160 Leppo et al. Nov 1994 A
5365453 Startup et al. Nov 1994 A
5369364 Renirie et al. Nov 1994 A
5381096 Hirzel Jan 1995 A
5384540 Dessel Jan 1995 A
5387871 Tsai Feb 1995 A
5394093 Cervas Feb 1995 A
5402007 Center et al. Mar 1995 A
5410754 Klotzbach et al. Apr 1995 A
5412308 Brown May 1995 A
5412323 Kato et al. May 1995 A
5425041 Seko et al. Jun 1995 A
5426371 Salley et al. Jun 1995 A
5426416 Jefferies et al. Jun 1995 A
5430645 Keller Jul 1995 A
5432025 Cox Jul 1995 A
5432426 Yoshida Jul 1995 A
5432429 Armstrong, II et al. Jul 1995 A
5434495 Toko Jul 1995 A
5435185 Eagan Jul 1995 A
5442274 Tamai Aug 1995 A
5445026 Eagan Aug 1995 A
5449996 Matsumoto et al. Sep 1995 A
5449997 Gilmore et al. Sep 1995 A
5451881 Finger Sep 1995 A
5453027 Buell et al. Sep 1995 A
5457377 Jonsson Oct 1995 A
5459660 Berra Oct 1995 A
5462439 Keith Oct 1995 A
5469043 Cherng et al. Nov 1995 A
5485090 Stephens Jan 1996 A
5486123 Miyazaki Jan 1996 A
5488300 Jamieson Jan 1996 A
5504674 Chen et al. Apr 1996 A
5508599 Koenck Apr 1996 A
5519383 De La Rosa May 1996 A
5528148 Rogers Jun 1996 A
5537967 Tashiro et al. Jul 1996 A
5541489 Dunstan Jul 1996 A
5546317 Andrieu Aug 1996 A
5548273 Nicol et al. Aug 1996 A
5550485 Falk Aug 1996 A
5555498 Berra Sep 1996 A
5561380 Sway-Tin et al. Oct 1996 A
5562501 Kinoshita et al. Oct 1996 A
5563496 McClure Oct 1996 A
5572136 Champlin Nov 1996 A
5573611 Koch et al. Nov 1996 A
5574355 McShane et al. Nov 1996 A
5578915 Crouch, Jr. et al. Nov 1996 A
5583416 Klang Dec 1996 A
5585416 Audett et al. Dec 1996 A
5585728 Champlin Dec 1996 A
5589292 Rozon Dec 1996 A
5589757 Klang Dec 1996 A
5592093 Klingbiel Jan 1997 A
5592094 Ichikawa Jan 1997 A
5596260 Moravec et al. Jan 1997 A
5596261 Suyama Jan 1997 A
5598098 Champlin Jan 1997 A
5602462 Stich et al. Feb 1997 A
5606242 Hull et al. Feb 1997 A
5614788 Mullins et al. Mar 1997 A
5621298 Harvey Apr 1997 A
5631536 Tseng May 1997 A
5631831 Bird et al. May 1997 A
5633985 Severson et al. May 1997 A
5637978 Kellett et al. Jun 1997 A
5642031 Brotto Jun 1997 A
5644212 Takahashi Jul 1997 A
5650937 Bounaga Jul 1997 A
5652501 McClure et al. Jul 1997 A
5653659 Kunibe et al. Aug 1997 A
5654623 Shiga et al. Aug 1997 A
5656920 Cherng et al. Aug 1997 A
5661368 Deol et al. Aug 1997 A
5666040 Bourbeau Sep 1997 A
5675234 Greene Oct 1997 A
5677077 Faulk Oct 1997 A
5684678 Barrett Nov 1997 A
5685734 Kutz Nov 1997 A
5691621 Phuoc et al. Nov 1997 A
5699050 Kanazawa Dec 1997 A
5701089 Perkins Dec 1997 A
5705929 Caravello et al. Jan 1998 A
5707015 Guthrie Jan 1998 A
5710503 Sideris et al. Jan 1998 A
5711648 Hammerslag Jan 1998 A
5712795 Layman et al. Jan 1998 A
5717336 Basell et al. Feb 1998 A
5717937 Fritz Feb 1998 A
5721688 Bramwell Feb 1998 A
5732074 Spaur et al. Mar 1998 A
5739667 Matsuda et al. Apr 1998 A
5744962 Alber et al. Apr 1998 A
5745044 Hyatt, Jr. et al. Apr 1998 A
5747189 Perkins May 1998 A
5747909 Syverson et al. May 1998 A
5747967 Muljadi et al. May 1998 A
5754417 Nicollini May 1998 A
5757192 McShane et al. May 1998 A
5760587 Harvey Jun 1998 A
5772468 Kowalski et al. Jun 1998 A
5773962 Nor Jun 1998 A
5773978 Becker Jun 1998 A
5778326 Moroto et al. Jul 1998 A
5780974 Pabla et al. Jul 1998 A
5780980 Naito Jul 1998 A
5789899 van Phuoc et al. Aug 1998 A
5793359 Ushikubo Aug 1998 A
5796239 Van Phuoc et al. Aug 1998 A
5808469 Kopera Sep 1998 A
5811979 Rhein Sep 1998 A
5818201 Stockstad et al. Oct 1998 A
5818234 McKinnon Oct 1998 A
5820407 Morse et al. Oct 1998 A
5821756 McShane et al. Oct 1998 A
5821757 Alvarez et al. Oct 1998 A
5825174 Parker Oct 1998 A
5826467 Huang Oct 1998 A
5831435 Troy Nov 1998 A
5832396 Moroto et al. Nov 1998 A
5850113 Weimer et al. Dec 1998 A
5862515 Kobayashi et al. Jan 1999 A
5865638 Trafton Feb 1999 A
5869951 Takahashi Feb 1999 A
5870018 Person Feb 1999 A
5871858 Thomsen et al. Feb 1999 A
5872443 Williamson Feb 1999 A
5872453 Shimoyama et al. Feb 1999 A
5883306 Hwang Mar 1999 A
5884202 Arjomand Mar 1999 A
5895440 Proctor et al. Apr 1999 A
5903154 Zhang et al. May 1999 A
5903716 Kimber et al. May 1999 A
5912534 Benedict Jun 1999 A
5914605 Bertness Jun 1999 A
5916287 Arjomand et al. Jun 1999 A
5927938 Hammerslag Jul 1999 A
5929609 Joy et al. Jul 1999 A
5935180 Fieramosca et al. Aug 1999 A
5939855 Proctor et al. Aug 1999 A
5939861 Joko et al. Aug 1999 A
5945829 Bertness Aug 1999 A
5946605 Takahisa et al. Aug 1999 A
5950144 Hall et al. Sep 1999 A
5951229 Hammerslag Sep 1999 A
5953322 Kimball Sep 1999 A
5955951 Wischerop et al. Sep 1999 A
5961561 Wakefield, II Oct 1999 A
5961604 Anderson et al. Oct 1999 A
5963012 Garcia et al. Oct 1999 A
5969625 Russo Oct 1999 A
5973598 Beigel Oct 1999 A
5978805 Carson Nov 1999 A
5982138 Krieger Nov 1999 A
5990664 Rahman Nov 1999 A
6002238 Champlin Dec 1999 A
6005489 Siegle et al. Dec 1999 A
6005759 Hart et al. Dec 1999 A
6008652 Theofanopoulos et al. Dec 1999 A
6009369 Boisvert et al. Dec 1999 A
6009742 Balko Jan 2000 A
6016047 Notten et al. Jan 2000 A
6031354 Wiley et al. Feb 2000 A
6031368 Klippel et al. Feb 2000 A
6037745 Koike et al. Mar 2000 A
6037751 Klang Mar 2000 A
6037777 Champlin Mar 2000 A
6037778 Makhija Mar 2000 A
6037749 Parsonage Apr 2000 A
6046514 Rouillard et al. Apr 2000 A
6051976 Bertness Apr 2000 A
6055468 Kaman et al. Apr 2000 A
6061638 Joyce May 2000 A
6064372 Kahkoska May 2000 A
6072299 Kurle et al. Jun 2000 A
6072300 Tsuji Jun 2000 A
6075339 Reipur et al. Jun 2000 A
6081098 Bertness et al. Jun 2000 A
6081109 Seymour et al. Jun 2000 A
6081154 Ezell et al. Jun 2000 A
6087815 Pfeifer et al. Jul 2000 A
6091238 McDermott Jul 2000 A
6091245 Bertness Jul 2000 A
6094033 Ding et al. Jul 2000 A
6097193 Bramwell Aug 2000 A
6100670 Levesque Aug 2000 A
6100815 Pailthorp Aug 2000 A
6104167 Bertness et al. Aug 2000 A
6113262 Purola et al. Sep 2000 A
6114834 Parise Sep 2000 A
6118252 Richter Sep 2000 A
6121880 Scott et al. Sep 2000 A
6130519 Whiting et al. Oct 2000 A
6136914 Hergenrother et al. Oct 2000 A
6137261 Kurle et al. Oct 2000 A
6137269 Champlin Oct 2000 A
6140797 Dunn Oct 2000 A
6141608 Rother Oct 2000 A
6144185 Dougherty et al. Nov 2000 A
6147598 Murphy et al. Nov 2000 A
6149653 Deslauriers Nov 2000 A
6150793 Lesesky et al. Nov 2000 A
6158000 Collins Dec 2000 A
6161640 Yamaguchi Dec 2000 A
6163156 Bertness Dec 2000 A
6164063 Mendler Dec 2000 A
6167349 Alvarez Dec 2000 A
6172483 Champlin Jan 2001 B1
6172505 Bertness Jan 2001 B1
6177737 Palfey et al. Jan 2001 B1
6177878 Tamura Jan 2001 B1
6181545 Amatucci et al. Jan 2001 B1
6184655 Malackowski Feb 2001 B1
6184656 Karunasiri et al. Feb 2001 B1
6191557 Gray et al. Feb 2001 B1
6202739 Pal et al. Mar 2001 B1
6211651 Nemoto Apr 2001 B1
6211653 Stasko Apr 2001 B1
6215275 Bean Apr 2001 B1
6218805 Melcher Apr 2001 B1
6218936 Imao Apr 2001 B1
6222342 Eggert et al. Apr 2001 B1
6222369 Champlin Apr 2001 B1
D442503 Lundbeck et al. May 2001 S
6225808 Varghese et al. May 2001 B1
6225898 Kamiya et al. May 2001 B1
6236186 Helton et al. May 2001 B1
6236332 Conkright et al. May 2001 B1
6236949 Hart May 2001 B1
6238253 Qualls May 2001 B1
6242887 Burke Jun 2001 B1
6242921 Thibedeau et al. Jun 2001 B1
6249124 Bertness Jun 2001 B1
6250973 Lowery et al. Jun 2001 B1
6252942 Zoiss Jun 2001 B1
6254438 Gaunt Jul 2001 B1
6255826 Ohsawa Jul 2001 B1
6259170 Limoge et al. Jul 2001 B1
6259254 Klang Jul 2001 B1
6262563 Champlin Jul 2001 B1
6262692 Babb Jul 2001 B1
6263268 Nathanson Jul 2001 B1
6263322 Kirkevold et al. Jul 2001 B1
6271643 Becker et al. Aug 2001 B1
6271748 Derbyshire et al. Aug 2001 B1
6272387 Yoon Aug 2001 B1
6275008 Arai et al. Aug 2001 B1
6285191 Gollomp et al. Sep 2001 B1
6294896 Champlin Sep 2001 B1
6294897 Champlin Sep 2001 B1
6304087 Bertness Oct 2001 B1
6307349 Koenck et al. Oct 2001 B1
6310481 Bertness Oct 2001 B2
6313607 Champlin Nov 2001 B1
6313608 Varghese et al. Nov 2001 B1
6316914 Bertness Nov 2001 B1
6320385 Ng et al. Nov 2001 B1
6323650 Bertness et al. Nov 2001 B1
6324042 Andrews Nov 2001 B1
6329793 Bertness et al. Dec 2001 B1
6331762 Bertness Dec 2001 B1
6332113 Bertness Dec 2001 B1
6346795 Haraguchi et al. Feb 2002 B2
6347958 Tsai Feb 2002 B1
6351102 Troy Feb 2002 B1
6356042 Kahlon et al. Mar 2002 B1
6356083 Ying Mar 2002 B1
6359441 Bertness Mar 2002 B1
6359442 Henningson et al. Mar 2002 B1
6363303 Bertness Mar 2002 B1
RE37677 Irie Apr 2002 E
6377031 Karuppana et al. Apr 2002 B1
6384608 Namaky May 2002 B1
6388448 Cervas May 2002 B1
6389337 Kolls May 2002 B1
6392414 Bertness May 2002 B2
6396278 Makhija May 2002 B1
6407554 Godau et al. Jun 2002 B1
6411098 Laletin Jun 2002 B1
6417669 Champlin Jul 2002 B1
6420852 Sato Jul 2002 B1
6424157 Gollomp et al. Jul 2002 B1
6424158 Klang Jul 2002 B2
6433512 Birkler et al. Aug 2002 B1
6437957 Karuppana et al. Aug 2002 B1
6441585 Bertness Aug 2002 B1
6445158 Bertness et al. Sep 2002 B1
6448778 Rankin Sep 2002 B1
6449726 Smith Sep 2002 B1
6456036 Thandiwe Sep 2002 B1
6456045 Troy et al. Sep 2002 B1
6465908 Karuppana et al. Oct 2002 B1
6466025 Klang Oct 2002 B1
6466026 Champlin Oct 2002 B1
6469511 Vonderhaar et al. Oct 2002 B1
6473659 Shah et al. Oct 2002 B1
6477478 Jones et al. Nov 2002 B1
6495990 Champlin Dec 2002 B2
6497209 Karuppana et al. Dec 2002 B1
6500025 Moenkhaus et al. Dec 2002 B1
6501243 Kaneko Dec 2002 B1
6505507 Imao et al. Jan 2003 B1
6507196 Thomsen et al. Jan 2003 B2
6526361 Jones et al. Feb 2003 B1
6529723 Bentley Mar 2003 B1
6531847 Tsukamoto et al. Mar 2003 B1
6531848 Chitsazan et al. Mar 2003 B1
6532425 Boost et al. Mar 2003 B1
6533316 Breed et al. Mar 2003 B2
6534992 Meissner et al. Mar 2003 B2
6534993 Bertness Mar 2003 B2
6536536 Gass et al. Mar 2003 B1
6544078 Palmisano et al. Apr 2003 B2
6545599 Derbyshire et al. Apr 2003 B2
6556019 Bertness Apr 2003 B2
6566883 Vonderhaar et al. May 2003 B1
6570385 Roberts et al. May 2003 B1
6573685 Nakanishi et al. Jun 2003 B2
6577107 Kechmire Jun 2003 B2
6586941 Bertness et al. Jul 2003 B2
6597150 Bertness et al. Jul 2003 B1
6599243 Woltermann et al. Jul 2003 B2
6600815 Walding Jul 2003 B1
6611740 Lowrey et al. Aug 2003 B2
6614349 Proctor et al. Sep 2003 B1
6618644 Bean Sep 2003 B2
6621272 Champlin Sep 2003 B2
6623314 Cox et al. Sep 2003 B1
6624635 Lui Sep 2003 B1
6628011 Droppo et al. Sep 2003 B2
6629054 Makhija et al. Sep 2003 B2
6633165 Bertness Oct 2003 B2
6635974 Karuppana et al. Oct 2003 B1
6636790 Lightner et al. Oct 2003 B1
6667624 Raichle et al. Dec 2003 B1
6679212 Kelling Jan 2004 B2
6686542 Zhang Feb 2004 B2
6696819 Bertness Feb 2004 B2
6707303 Bertness et al. Mar 2004 B2
6732031 Lightner et al. May 2004 B1
6736941 Oku et al. May 2004 B2
6737831 Champlin May 2004 B2
6738697 Breed May 2004 B2
6740990 Tozuka et al. May 2004 B2
6744149 Karuppana et al. Jun 2004 B1
6745153 White et al. Jun 2004 B2
6759849 Bertness et al. Jul 2004 B2
6771073 Henningson et al. Aug 2004 B2
6777945 Roberts et al. Aug 2004 B2
6781344 Hedegor et al. Aug 2004 B1
6781382 Johnson Aug 2004 B2
6784635 Larson Aug 2004 B2
6784637 Raichle et al. Aug 2004 B2
6788025 Bertness et al. Sep 2004 B2
6795782 Bertness et al. Sep 2004 B2
6796841 Cheng et al. Sep 2004 B1
6805090 Bertness et al. Oct 2004 B2
6806716 Bertness et al. Oct 2004 B2
6825669 Raichle et al. Nov 2004 B2
6832141 Skeen et al. Dec 2004 B2
6842707 Raichle et al. Jan 2005 B2
6845279 Gilmore et al. Jan 2005 B1
6850037 Bertness Feb 2005 B2
6856162 Greatorex et al. Feb 2005 B1
6856972 Yun et al. Feb 2005 B1
6871151 Bertness Mar 2005 B2
6885195 Bertness Apr 2005 B2
6888468 Bertness May 2005 B2
6891378 Bertness et al. May 2005 B2
6895809 Raichle May 2005 B2
6904796 Pacsai et al. Jun 2005 B2
6906522 Bertness et al. Jun 2005 B2
6906523 Bertness et al. Jun 2005 B2
6906624 McClelland et al. Jun 2005 B2
6909287 Bertness Jun 2005 B2
6909356 Brown et al. Jun 2005 B2
6911825 Namaky Jun 2005 B2
6913483 Restaino et al. Jul 2005 B2
6914413 Bertness et al. Jul 2005 B2
6919725 Bertness et al. Jul 2005 B2
6930485 Bertness et al. Aug 2005 B2
6933727 Bertness et al. Aug 2005 B2
6941234 Bertness et al. Sep 2005 B2
6957133 Hunt et al. Oct 2005 B1
6961445 Jensen et al. Nov 2005 B1
6966676 Chabert et al. Nov 2005 B2
6967484 Bertness Nov 2005 B2
6972662 Ohkawa et al. Dec 2005 B1
6983212 Burns Jan 2006 B2
6988053 Namaky Jan 2006 B2
6993421 Pillar et al. Jan 2006 B2
6998847 Bertness et al. Feb 2006 B2
7003410 Bertness et al. Feb 2006 B2
7003411 Bertness Feb 2006 B2
7012433 Smith et al. Mar 2006 B2
7015674 VonderHaar Mar 2006 B2
7029338 Orange et al. Apr 2006 B1
7034541 Bertness et al. Apr 2006 B2
7039533 Bertness et al. May 2006 B2
7042346 Paulsen May 2006 B2
7049822 Kung May 2006 B2
7058525 Bertness et al. Jun 2006 B2
7069979 Tobias Jul 2006 B2
7081755 Klang et al. Jul 2006 B2
7089127 Thibedeau et al. Aug 2006 B2
7098666 Patino Aug 2006 B2
7102556 White Sep 2006 B2
7106070 Bertness et al. Sep 2006 B2
7116109 Klang Oct 2006 B2
7119686 Bertness et al. Oct 2006 B2
7120488 Nova et al. Oct 2006 B2
7126341 Bertness et al. Oct 2006 B2
7129706 Kalley Oct 2006 B2
7154276 Bertness Dec 2006 B2
7170393 Martin Jan 2007 B2
7173182 Katsuyama et al. Feb 2007 B2
7177925 Carcido et al. Feb 2007 B2
7182147 Cutler et al. Feb 2007 B2
7184866 Squires Feb 2007 B2
7184905 Stefan Feb 2007 B2
7198510 Bertness Apr 2007 B2
7200424 Tischer et al. Apr 2007 B2
7202636 Reynolds et al. Apr 2007 B2
7208914 Klang Apr 2007 B2
7209850 Brott et al. Apr 2007 B2
7209860 Trsar et al. Apr 2007 B2
7212887 Shah et al. May 2007 B2
7212911 Raichle et al. May 2007 B2
7219023 Banke et al. May 2007 B2
7233128 Brost et al. Jun 2007 B2
7235977 Koran et al. Jun 2007 B2
7246015 Bertness et al. Jul 2007 B2
7251551 Mitsueda Jul 2007 B2
7272519 Lesesky et al. Sep 2007 B2
7287001 Falls et al. Oct 2007 B1
7295936 Bertness et al. Nov 2007 B2
7301303 Hulden Nov 2007 B1
7319304 Veloo et al. Jan 2008 B2
7339477 Puzio et al. Mar 2008 B2
7363175 Bertness et al. Apr 2008 B2
7376497 Chen May 2008 B2
7398176 Bertness Jul 2008 B2
7408358 Knopf Aug 2008 B2
7425833 Bertness et al. Sep 2008 B2
7446536 Bertness Nov 2008 B2
7453238 Melichar Nov 2008 B2
7479763 Bertness Jan 2009 B2
7498767 Brown et al. Mar 2009 B2
7501795 Bertness et al. Mar 2009 B2
7504830 Keuss Mar 2009 B2
7505856 Restaino et al. Mar 2009 B2
7538571 Raichle et al. May 2009 B2
7545146 Klang et al. Jun 2009 B2
7557586 Vonderhaar et al. Jul 2009 B1
7571035 Raichle Aug 2009 B2
7590476 Shumate Sep 2009 B2
7592776 Tsukamoto et al. Sep 2009 B2
7595643 Klang Sep 2009 B2
7596437 Hunt et al. Sep 2009 B1
7598699 Restaino et al. Oct 2009 B2
7598743 Bertness Oct 2009 B2
7598744 Bertness et al. Oct 2009 B2
7619417 Klang Nov 2009 B2
7642786 Philbrook Jan 2010 B2
7642787 Bertness et al. Jan 2010 B2
7656162 Vonderhaar et al. Feb 2010 B2
7657386 Thibedeau et al. Feb 2010 B2
7667437 Johnson et al. Feb 2010 B2
7679325 Seo Mar 2010 B2
7684908 Ogilvie et al. Mar 2010 B1
7688074 Cox et al. Mar 2010 B2
7690573 Raichle et al. Apr 2010 B2
7696759 Raichle et al. Apr 2010 B2
7698179 Leung et al. Apr 2010 B2
7705602 Bertness Apr 2010 B2
7706991 Bertness et al. Apr 2010 B2
7706992 Ricci et al. Apr 2010 B2
7710119 Bertness May 2010 B2
7723993 Klang May 2010 B2
7728556 Yano et al. Jun 2010 B2
7728597 Bertness Jun 2010 B2
7729880 Mashburn Jun 2010 B1
7743788 Schmitt Jun 2010 B2
7751953 Namaky Jul 2010 B2
7772850 Bertness Aug 2010 B2
7774130 Pepper Aug 2010 B2
7774151 Bertness Aug 2010 B2
7777612 Sampson et al. Aug 2010 B2
7791348 Brown et al. Sep 2010 B2
7808375 Bertness et al. Oct 2010 B2
7848857 Nasr et al. Dec 2010 B2
7883002 Jin et al. Feb 2011 B2
7902990 Delmonico et al. Mar 2011 B2
7914350 Bozich Mar 2011 B1
7924015 Bertness Apr 2011 B2
7940052 Vonderhaar May 2011 B2
7940053 Brown et al. May 2011 B2
7959476 Smith et al. Jun 2011 B2
7977914 Bertness Jul 2011 B2
D643759 Bertness Aug 2011 S
7990155 Henningson Aug 2011 B2
7999505 Bertness Aug 2011 B2
8024083 Chenn Sep 2011 B2
8047868 Korcynski Nov 2011 B1
8164343 Bertness Apr 2012 B2
8198900 Bertness et al. Jun 2012 B2
8203345 Bertness Jun 2012 B2
8222868 Buckner Jul 2012 B2
8226008 Raichle et al. Jul 2012 B2
8237448 Bertness Aug 2012 B2
8306690 Bertness Nov 2012 B2
8310271 Raichle et al. Nov 2012 B2
8344685 Bertness et al. Jan 2013 B2
8436619 Bertness et al. May 2013 B2
8442877 Bertness et al. May 2013 B2
8449560 Roth May 2013 B2
8493022 Bertness Jul 2013 B2
D687727 Kehoe et al. Aug 2013 S
8509212 Sanjeev Aug 2013 B2
8513949 Bertness Aug 2013 B2
8594957 Gauthier Nov 2013 B2
8674654 Bertness Mar 2014 B2
8674711 Bertness Mar 2014 B2
8704483 Bertness et al. Apr 2014 B2
8738309 Bertness May 2014 B2
8754653 Volderhaar et al. Jun 2014 B2
8810200 Kondo Aug 2014 B2
8825272 Chinnadurai Sep 2014 B1
8827729 Gunreben Sep 2014 B2
8872516 Bertness Oct 2014 B2
8872517 Philbrook et al. Oct 2014 B2
8958998 Bertness Feb 2015 B2
8963550 Bertness et al. Feb 2015 B2
9018958 Bertness Apr 2015 B2
9037394 Fernandes May 2015 B2
9052366 Bertness Jun 2015 B2
9056556 Hyde et al. Jun 2015 B1
9166261 Ibi Oct 2015 B2
9201120 Stukenburg Dec 2015 B2
9229062 Stukenberg Jan 2016 B2
9244100 Coleman et al. Jan 2016 B2
9255955 Bertness Feb 2016 B2
9274157 Bertness Mar 2016 B2
9312575 Stukenberg Apr 2016 B2
9335362 Bertness May 2016 B2
9419311 Bertness Aug 2016 B2
9425487 Bertness Aug 2016 B2
9496720 McShane Nov 2016 B2
9588185 Champlin Mar 2017 B2
9639899 Gersitz May 2017 B1
9923289 Bertness Mar 2018 B2
9966676 Salo, III et al. May 2018 B2
10046649 Bertness Aug 2018 B2
10222397 Salo et al. Mar 2019 B2
10317468 Bertness Jun 2019 B2
10429449 Arnoldus Oct 2019 B2
10473555 Bertness Nov 2019 B2
10525841 Zhou et al. Jan 2020 B2
10608353 Lipkin et al. Mar 2020 B2
10843574 Palmisano et al. Nov 2020 B2
11325479 Bertness May 2022 B2
20010012738 Duperret Aug 2001 A1
20010033169 Singh Oct 2001 A1
20010035737 Nakanishi et al. Nov 2001 A1
20010048215 Breed et al. Dec 2001 A1
20010048226 Nada Dec 2001 A1
20020003423 Bertness et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020004694 McLeod et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020007237 Phung et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020010558 Bertness et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020021135 Li et al. Feb 2002 A1
20020027346 Breed et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020030495 Kechmire Mar 2002 A1
20020036504 Troy et al. Mar 2002 A1
20020041175 Lauper et al. Apr 2002 A1
20020044050 Derbyshire et al. Apr 2002 A1
20020047711 Bertness et al. Apr 2002 A1
20020050163 Makhija et al. May 2002 A1
20020065619 Bertness May 2002 A1
20020074398 Lancos et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020116140 Rider Aug 2002 A1
20020118111 Brown et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020121877 Smith Sep 2002 A1
20020121901 Hoffman Sep 2002 A1
20020128985 Greenwald Sep 2002 A1
20020130665 Bertness et al. Sep 2002 A1
20020152791 Cardinale Oct 2002 A1
20020153864 Bertness Oct 2002 A1
20020171428 Bertness Nov 2002 A1
20020176010 Wallach et al. Nov 2002 A1
20020193955 Bertness Dec 2002 A1
20030006779 H. Youval Jan 2003 A1
20030009270 Breed Jan 2003 A1
20030017753 Palmisano et al. Jan 2003 A1
20030025481 Bertness Feb 2003 A1
20030030442 Sugimoto Feb 2003 A1
20030036909 Kato Feb 2003 A1
20030040873 Lesesky et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030060953 Chen Mar 2003 A1
20030078743 Bertness et al. Apr 2003 A1
20030088375 Bertness et al. May 2003 A1
20030090272 Bertness May 2003 A1
20030114206 Timothy Jun 2003 A1
20030124417 Bertness et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030128011 Bertness et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030128036 Henningson et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030137277 Mori et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030155930 Thomsen Aug 2003 A1
20030164073 Chen Sep 2003 A1
20030169018 Berels et al. Sep 2003 A1
20030169019 Oosaki Sep 2003 A1
20030171111 Clark Sep 2003 A1
20030173971 Bertness Sep 2003 A1
20030177417 Malhotra et al. Sep 2003 A1
20030184262 Makhija Oct 2003 A1
20030184264 Bertness Oct 2003 A1
20030184306 Bertness et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030187556 Suzuki Oct 2003 A1
20030194672 Roberts et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030197512 Miller et al. Oct 2003 A1
20030212311 Nova et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030214395 Flowerday et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030224241 Takada et al. Dec 2003 A1
20030236656 Dougherty Dec 2003 A1
20040000590 Raichle et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040000891 Raichle et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040000893 Raichle et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040000913 Raichle et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040000915 Raichle et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040002824 Raichle et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040002825 Raichle et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040002836 Raichle et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040032264 Schoch Feb 2004 A1
20040036443 Bertness Feb 2004 A1
20040044452 Bauer et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040044454 Ross et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040046564 Klang Mar 2004 A1
20040049361 Hamdan et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040051532 Smith et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040051533 Namaky Mar 2004 A1
20040051534 Kobayashi et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040054503 Namaky Mar 2004 A1
20040064225 Jammu et al. Apr 2004 A1
20040065489 Aberle Apr 2004 A1
20040088087 Fukushima et al. May 2004 A1
20040104728 Bertness et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040108855 Raichle Jun 2004 A1
20040108856 Johnson Jun 2004 A1
20040113494 Karuppana et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040113588 Mikuriya et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040145342 Lyon Jul 2004 A1
20040145371 Bertness Jul 2004 A1
20040150494 Yoshida Aug 2004 A1
20040157113 Klang Aug 2004 A1
20040164706 Osborne Aug 2004 A1
20040172177 Nagai et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040178185 Yoshikawa et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040189309 Bertness et al. Sep 2004 A1
20040199343 Cardinal et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040207367 Taniguchi et al. Oct 2004 A1
20040221641 Moritsugu Nov 2004 A1
20040227523 Namaky Nov 2004 A1
20040239332 Mackel et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040251876 Bertness et al. Dec 2004 A1
20040251907 Kalley Dec 2004 A1
20040257084 Restaino Dec 2004 A1
20050007068 Johnson et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050009122 Whelan et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050017726 Koran et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050017952 His Jan 2005 A1
20050021197 Zimmerman Jan 2005 A1
20050021294 Trsar et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050021475 Bertness Jan 2005 A1
20050025299 Tischer et al. Feb 2005 A1
20050035752 Bertness Feb 2005 A1
20050043868 Mitcham Feb 2005 A1
20050057256 Bertness Mar 2005 A1
20050060070 Kapolka et al. Mar 2005 A1
20050073314 Bertness et al. Apr 2005 A1
20050076381 Gross Apr 2005 A1
20050077904 Bertness Apr 2005 A1
20050096809 Skeen et al. May 2005 A1
20050102073 Ingram May 2005 A1
20050119809 Chen Jun 2005 A1
20050128083 Puzio et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050128902 Tsai Jun 2005 A1
20050133245 Katsuyama Jun 2005 A1
20050134282 Averbuch Jun 2005 A1
20050143882 Umezawa Jun 2005 A1
20050159847 Shah et al. Jul 2005 A1
20050162172 Bertness Jul 2005 A1
20050168226 Quint et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050173142 Cutler et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050182536 Doyle et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050184732 Restaino Aug 2005 A1
20050192045 Lowles Sep 2005 A1
20050206346 Smith et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050212521 Bertness et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050213874 Kline Sep 2005 A1
20050218902 Restaino et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050231205 Bertness et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050254106 Silverbrook et al. Nov 2005 A9
20050256617 Cawthorne et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050258241 McNutt et al. Nov 2005 A1
20050264296 Philbrook Dec 2005 A1
20050269880 Konishi Dec 2005 A1
20050273218 Breed Dec 2005 A1
20060012330 Okumura et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060017447 Bertness et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060026017 Walkder Feb 2006 A1
20060030980 St. Denis Feb 2006 A1
20060038572 Philbrook Feb 2006 A1
20060043976 Gervais Mar 2006 A1
20060061469 Jaeger Mar 2006 A1
20060076923 Eaves Apr 2006 A1
20060079203 Nicolini Apr 2006 A1
20060089767 Sowa Apr 2006 A1
20060090554 Krampitz May 2006 A1
20060090555 Krampitz May 2006 A1
20060091597 Opsahl May 2006 A1
20060092584 Raichle May 2006 A1
20060095230 Grier et al. May 2006 A1
20060102397 Buck May 2006 A1
20060125482 Klang Jun 2006 A1
20060136119 Raichle Jun 2006 A1
20060139167 Davie Jun 2006 A1
20060152224 Kim et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060155439 Slawinski Jul 2006 A1
20060161313 Rogers et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060161390 Namaky et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060217914 Bertness Sep 2006 A1
20060244457 Henningson et al. Nov 2006 A1
20060282227 Bertness Dec 2006 A1
20060282323 Walker et al. Dec 2006 A1
20070005201 Chenn Jan 2007 A1
20070024460 Clark Feb 2007 A1
20070026916 Juds et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070046261 Porebski Mar 2007 A1
20070082652 Hartigan Apr 2007 A1
20070088472 Ganzhorn et al. Apr 2007 A1
20070108942 Johnson et al. May 2007 A1
20070159177 Bertness et al. Jul 2007 A1
20070182576 Proska et al. Aug 2007 A1
20070194791 Huang Aug 2007 A1
20070194793 Bertness Aug 2007 A1
20070205752 Leigh Sep 2007 A1
20070205983 Naimo Sep 2007 A1
20070210801 Krampitz Sep 2007 A1
20070244660 Bertness Oct 2007 A1
20070259256 Le Canut et al. Nov 2007 A1
20070279066 Chism Dec 2007 A1
20080023547 Raichle Jan 2008 A1
20080036421 Seo et al. Feb 2008 A1
20080053716 Scheucher Mar 2008 A1
20080059014 Nasr et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080064559 Cawthorne et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080086246 Bolt et al. Apr 2008 A1
20080087479 Kang Apr 2008 A1
20080094068 Scott Apr 2008 A1
20080103656 Lipscomb May 2008 A1
20080106267 Bertness May 2008 A1
20080169818 Lesesky et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080179122 Sugawara Jul 2008 A1
20080194984 Keefe Aug 2008 A1
20080303528 Kim Dec 2008 A1
20080303529 Nakamura et al. Dec 2008 A1
20080315830 Bertness Dec 2008 A1
20090006476 Andreasen et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090011327 Okumura et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090013521 Okumura et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090024266 Bertness Jan 2009 A1
20090024419 McClellan Jan 2009 A1
20090085571 Bertness Apr 2009 A1
20090146610 Trigiani Jun 2009 A1
20090146800 Grimlund et al. Jun 2009 A1
20090160395 Chen Jun 2009 A1
20090184165 Bertness et al. Jul 2009 A1
20090198372 Hammerslag Aug 2009 A1
20090203247 Fifelski Aug 2009 A1
20090237029 Andelfinger Sep 2009 A1
20090237086 Andelfinger Sep 2009 A1
20090247020 Gathman et al. Oct 2009 A1
20090251151 Miyashita Oct 2009 A1
20090259432 Liberty Oct 2009 A1
20090265121 Rocci Oct 2009 A1
20090273451 Soppera et al. Nov 2009 A1
20090276115 Chen Nov 2009 A1
20090311919 Smith Dec 2009 A1
20100023198 Hamilton Jan 2010 A1
20100039065 Kinkade Feb 2010 A1
20100052193 Sylvester Mar 2010 A1
20100066283 Kitanaka Mar 2010 A1
20100088050 Keuss Apr 2010 A1
20100094496 Hershkovitz et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100117603 Makhija May 2010 A1
20100145780 Nishikawa et al. Jun 2010 A1
20100214055 Fuji Aug 2010 A1
20100265131 Fabius Oct 2010 A1
20100314950 Rutkowski et al. Dec 2010 A1
20110004427 Gorbold et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110015815 Bertness Jan 2011 A1
20110106280 Zeier May 2011 A1
20110161025 Tomura Jun 2011 A1
20110215767 Johnson et al. Sep 2011 A1
20110218747 Bertness Sep 2011 A1
20110258112 Eder et al. Oct 2011 A1
20110265025 Bertness Oct 2011 A1
20110267067 Bertness et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110273181 Park et al. Nov 2011 A1
20110294367 Moon Dec 2011 A1
20110300416 Bertness Dec 2011 A1
20120041697 Stukenberg Feb 2012 A1
20120046807 Ruther Feb 2012 A1
20120046824 Ruther et al. Feb 2012 A1
20120062237 Robinson et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120074904 Rutkowski et al. Mar 2012 A1
20120086399 Choi Apr 2012 A1
20120116391 Houser May 2012 A1
20120182132 McShane Jul 2012 A1
20120249069 Ohtomo Oct 2012 A1
20120256494 Kesler Oct 2012 A1
20120256568 Lee Oct 2012 A1
20120274331 Liu Nov 2012 A1
20120293372 Amendolare Nov 2012 A1
20130099747 Baba Apr 2013 A1
20130106362 Mackintosh et al. May 2013 A1
20130106596 Mouchet May 2013 A1
20130115821 Golko May 2013 A1
20130134926 Yoshida May 2013 A1
20130158782 Bertness et al. Jun 2013 A1
20130172019 Youssef Jul 2013 A1
20130200855 Christensen et al. Aug 2013 A1
20130218781 Simon Aug 2013 A1
20130288706 Yu Oct 2013 A1
20130297247 Jardine Nov 2013 A1
20130311124 Van Bremen Nov 2013 A1
20130314041 Proebstle Nov 2013 A1
20130325405 Miller Dec 2013 A1
20140002021 Bertness Jan 2014 A1
20140002094 Champlin Jan 2014 A1
20140029308 Cojocaru Jan 2014 A1
20140081527 Miller Mar 2014 A1
20140099830 Byrne Apr 2014 A1
20140117997 Bertness May 2014 A1
20140145670 van Zwan et al. May 2014 A1
20140194084 Noonan Jul 2014 A1
20140225622 Kudo Aug 2014 A1
20140239964 Gach Aug 2014 A1
20140260577 Chinnadurai Sep 2014 A1
20140266061 Wachal Sep 2014 A1
20140278159 Chinnadurai Sep 2014 A1
20140354237 Cotton Dec 2014 A1
20140368156 Aloe Dec 2014 A1
20140374475 Kallfelz et al. Dec 2014 A1
20150093922 Bosscher Apr 2015 A1
20150115720 Hysell Apr 2015 A1
20150166518 Boral et al. Jun 2015 A1
20150168499 Palmisano Jun 2015 A1
20150221135 Hill Aug 2015 A1
20150239365 Hyde et al. Aug 2015 A1
20160011271 Bertness Jan 2016 A1
20160091571 Salo, III Mar 2016 A1
20160154044 Bertness Jun 2016 A1
20160171799 Bertness Jun 2016 A1
20160216335 Bertness Jul 2016 A1
20160232736 Holtappels Aug 2016 A1
20160238667 Palmisano et al. Aug 2016 A1
20160253852 Bertness et al. Sep 2016 A1
20160266212 Carlo Sep 2016 A1
20160285284 Matlapudi et al. Sep 2016 A1
20160321897 Lee Nov 2016 A1
20160336623 Nayar Nov 2016 A1
20170093056 Salo, III et al. Mar 2017 A1
20170146602 Samp May 2017 A1
20170158058 Lee et al. Jun 2017 A1
20170373410 Lipkin et al. Dec 2017 A1
20180009328 Hinterberger et al. Jan 2018 A1
20180113171 Bertness Apr 2018 A1
20180306867 Bertness Oct 2018 A1
20190105998 Bertness Apr 2019 A1
20190152332 Bertness May 2019 A1
20190154763 Bertness May 2019 A1
20190204392 Bertness Jul 2019 A1
20200086757 Vain et al. Mar 2020 A1
20200174078 Salo, III et al. Jun 2020 A1
20210048374 Sampson et al. Feb 2021 A1
20210049480 Kale et al. Feb 2021 A1
20210135462 Sampson et al. May 2021 A1
20210141021 Salo, III May 2021 A1
20210141043 Bertness May 2021 A1
20210203016 Bertness Jul 2021 A1
20210231737 Salo, III Jul 2021 A1
20210325471 Bertness Oct 2021 A1
Foreign Referenced Citations (93)
Number Date Country
2470964 Jan 2002 CN
201063352 May 2008 CN
103091633 May 2013 CN
206658084 Nov 2017 CN
29 26 716 Jan 1981 DE
40 07 883 Sep 1991 DE
196 38 324 Sep 1996 DE
601 12 502 Jun 2006 DE
10 2009 013 857 Oct 2009 DE
10 2008 036 595 Feb 2010 DE
0 022 450 Jan 1981 EP
0 391 694 Apr 1990 EP
0 476 405 Sep 1991 EP
0 637 754 Feb 1995 EP
0 772 056 May 1997 EP
0 982 159 Mar 2000 EP
1 810 869 Nov 2004 EP
1 786 057 May 2007 EP
1 807 710 Jul 2007 EP
1 807 710 Jan 2010 EP
2 302 724 Mar 2011 EP
2 749 397 Dec 1997 FR
154 016 Nov 1920 GB
2 029 586 Mar 1980 GB
2 088 159 Jun 1982 GB
2 246 916 Oct 1990 GB
2 266 150 Oct 1993 GB
2 275 783 Jul 1994 GB
2 353 367 Feb 2001 GB
2 387 235 Oct 2003 GB
59-17892 Jan 1984 JP
59-17893 Jan 1984 JP
59017894 Jan 1984 JP
59215674 Dec 1984 JP
60225078 Nov 1985 JP
62-180284 Aug 1987 JP
63027776 Feb 1988 JP
03274479 Dec 1991 JP
03282276 Dec 1991 JP
4-8636 Jan 1992 JP
04095788 Mar 1992 JP
04131779 May 1992 JP
04372536 Dec 1992 JP
05211724 Aug 1993 JP
5216550 Aug 1993 JP
7-128414 May 1995 JP
09061505 Mar 1997 JP
10056744 Feb 1998 JP
10232273 Sep 1998 JP
11103503 Apr 1999 JP
11-150809 Jun 1999 JP
11-271409 Oct 1999 JP
2001-023037 Jan 2001 JP
2001057711 Feb 2001 JP
2003-346909 Dec 2003 JP
2005-238969 Sep 2005 JP
2006242674 Sep 2006 JP
2006331976 Dec 2006 JP
2009-244166 Oct 2009 JP
2009-261174 Nov 2009 JP
2010-172122 May 2010 JP
2010-172142 Aug 2010 JP
2089015 Aug 1997 RU
WO 9322666 Nov 1993 WO
WO 9405069 Mar 1994 WO
WO 9601456 Jan 1996 WO
WO 9606747 Mar 1996 WO
WO 9628846 Sep 1996 WO
WO 9701103 Jan 1997 WO
WO 9744652 Nov 1997 WO
WO 9804910 Feb 1998 WO
WO 9821132 May 1998 WO
WO 9858270 Dec 1998 WO
WO 9923738 May 1999 WO
WO 9956121 Nov 1999 WO
WO 0016083 Mar 2000 WO
WO 0062049 Oct 2000 WO
WO 0067359 Nov 2000 WO
WO 0159443 Feb 2001 WO
WO 0116614 Mar 2001 WO
WO 0116615 Mar 2001 WO
WO 0151947 Jul 2001 WO
WO 03047064 Jun 2003 WO
WO 03076960 Sep 2003 WO
WO 2004047215 Jun 2004 WO
WO 2007075403 Jul 2007 WO
WO 2009004001 Jan 2009 WO
WO 2010007681 Jan 2010 WO
WO 2010035605 Apr 2010 WO
WO 2010042517 Apr 2010 WO
WO 2011153419 Dec 2011 WO
WO 2012078921 Jun 2012 WO
WO 2013070850 May 2013 WO
Non-Patent Literature Citations (113)
Entry
“Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Battery Development and Testing”, Batteries International, Apr. 1997, pp. 59 and 62-63.
“Battery Impedance”, by E. Willihnganz et al., Electrical Engineering, Sep. 1959, pp. 922-925.
“Determining the End of Battery Life”, by S. DeBardelaben, IEEE, 1986, pp. 365-368.
“A Look at the Impedance of a Cell”, by S. Debardelaben, IEEE, 1988, pp. 394-397.
“The Impedance of Electrical Storage Cells”, by N.A. Hampson et al., Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 1980, pp. 3-11.
“A Package for Impedance/Admittance Data Analysis”, by B. Boukamp, Solid State Ionics, 1986, pp. 136-140.
“Precision of Impedance Spectroscopy Estimates of Bulk, Reaction Rate, and Diffusion Parameters”, by J. Macdonald et al., J. Electroanal, Chem., 1991, pp. 1-11.
Internal Resistance: Harbinger of Capacity Loss in Starved Electrolyte Sealed Lead Acid Batteries, by Vaccaro, F.J. et al., AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1987 IEEE, ch. 2477, pp. 128,131.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testings, and Replacement of Large Lead Storage Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., ANSI/IEEE Std. 450-1987, Mar. 9, 1987, pp. 7-15.
“Field and Laboratory Studies to Assess the State of Health of Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Batteries: Part I Conductance/Capacity Correlation Studies”, by D. Feder et al., IEEE, Aug. 1992, pp. 218-233.
“JIS Japanese Industrial Standard-Lead Acid Batteries for Automobiles”, Japanese Standards Association UDC, 621.355.2:629.113.006, Nov. 1995.
“Performance of Dry Cells”, by C. Hambuechen, Preprint of Am. Electrochem. Soc., Apr. 18-20, 1912, paper No. 19, pp. 1-5.
“A Bridge for Measuring Storage Battery Resistance”, by E. Willihncanz, The Electrochemical Society, preprint 79-20, Apr. 1941, pp. 253-258.
National Semiconductor Corporation, “High Q Notch Filter”, Mar. 1969, Linear Brief 5, Mar. 1969.
Burr-Brown Corporation, “Design a 60 Hz Notch Filter with the UAF42”, Jan. 1994, AB-071, 1994.
National Semiconductor Corporation, “LMF90-4th-Order Elliptic Notch Filter”, Dec. 1994, RRD-B30M115, Dec. 1994.
“Alligator Clips with Wire Penetrators” J.S. Popper, Inc. product information, downloaded from http://www.jspopper.com/, prior to Oct. 1, 2002.
“#12: LM78S40 Simple Switcher DC to DC Converter”, ITM e-Catalog, downloaded from http://www.pcbcafe.com, prior to Oct. 1, 2002.
“Simple DC-DC Converts Allows Use of Single Battery”, Electronix Express, downloaded from http://www.elexp.com/t_dc-dc.htm, prior to Oct. 1, 2002.
“DC-DC Converter Basics”, Power Designers, downloaded from http://www.powerdesigners.com/Inforweb.design_center/articles/DC-DC/converter.shtm, prior to Oct. 1, 2002.
“Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report or the Declaration”, PCT/US02/29461, filed Sep. 17, 2002 and dated Jan. 3, 2003.
“Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report or the Declaration”, PCT/US03/07546, filed Mar. 13, 2003 and dated Jul. 4, 2001.
“Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report or the Declaration”, PCT/US03/06577, filed Mar. 5, 2003 and dated Jul. 24, 2003.
“Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report or the Declaration”, PCT/US03/07837, filed Mar. 14, 2003 and dated Jul. 4, 2003.
“Improved Impedance Spectroscopy Technique for Status Determination of Production Li/SO2 Batteries” Terrill Atwater et al., pp. 10-113, (1992).
“Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report or the Declaration”, PCT/US03/41561; Search Report completed Apr. 13, 2004, dated May 6, 2004.
“Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report or the Declaration”, PCT/US03/27696, filed Sep. 4, 2003 and dated Apr. 15, 2004.
“Programming Training Course, 62-000 Series Smart Engine Analyzer”, Testproducts Division, Kalamazoo, Michigan, pp. 1-207, (1984).
“Operators Manual, Modular Computer Analyzer Model MCA 3000”, Sun Electric Corporation, Crystal Lake, Illinois, pp. 1-1-14-13, (1991).
Supplementary European Search Report Communication for Appl. No. 99917402.2; dated Sep. 7, 2004.
“Dynamic modelling of lead/acid batteries using impedance spectroscopy for parameter identification”, Journal of Power Sources, pp. 69-84, (1997).
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report for PCT/US03/30707, filed Sep. 30, 2003 and dated Nov. 24, 2004.
“A review of impedance measurements for determination of the state-of-charge or state-of-health of secondary batteries”, Journal of Power Sources, pp. 59-69, (1998).
“Search Report Under Section 17” for Great Britain Application No. GB0421447.4, date of search 1-27-05, dated Jan. 28, 2005.
“Results of Discrete Frequency Immittance Spectroscopy (DFIS) Measurements of Lead Acid Batteries”, by K.S. Champlin et al., Proceedings of 23rd International Teleco Conference (INTELEC), published Oct. 2001, IEE, pp. 433-440.
“Examination Report” from the UK Patent Office for App. No. 0417678.0; dated Jan. 24, 2005.
Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia, Inductance, 2005, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/inductance, pp. 1-5, mutual Inductance, pp. 3,4.
“Professional BCS System Analyzer Battery-Charger-Starting”, pp. 2-8, (2001).
Young Illustrated Encyclopedia Dictionary of Electronics, 1981, Parker Publishing Company, Inc., pp. 318-319.
“DSP Applications in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain”, Miller et al., Proceedings of the American Control Conference, San Diego, CA, Jun. 1999; 2 ppg.
“Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, or the Declaration” for PCT/US2008/008702 filed Jul. 2008; 15 pages.
“A Microprocessor-Based Control System for a Near-Term Electric Vehicle”, Bimal K. Bose; IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. IA-17, No. 6, Nov./Dec. 1981; 0093-9994/81/1100-0626$00.75 © 1981 IEEE, 6 pages.
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, or the Declaration for PCT/US2011/038279 filed May 27, 2011, dated Sep. 16, 2011, 12 pages.
U.S. Appl. No. 60/387,912, filed Jun. 13, 2002 which is related to U.S. Pat. No. 7,089,127.
“Conductance Testing Compared to Traditional Methods of Evaluating the Capacity of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries and Predicting State-of-Health”, by D. Feder et al., May 1992, pp. 1-8; (13 total pgs.).
“Field and Laboratory Studies to Assess the State of Health of Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Batteries: Part I—Conductance/Capacity Correlation Studies”, by D. Feder at al., Oct. 1992, pp. 1-15; (19 total pgs.).
“Field Application of Conductance Measurements Use to Ascertain Cell/Battery and Inter-Cell Connection State-of-Health in Electric Power Utility Applications”, by M. Hlavac et al., Apr. 1993, pp. 1-14; (19 total pgs.).
“Conductance Testing of Standby Batteries in Signaling and Communications Applications for the Purpose of Evaluating Battery State-of-Health”, by S. McShane, Apr. 1993, pp. 1-9; (14 total pgs.).
“Condutance Monitoring of Recombination Lead Acid Batteries”, by B. Jones, May 1993, pp. 1-6; (11 total pgs.).
“Evaluating the State-of-Health of Lead Acid Flooded and Valve-Regulated Batteries: A Comparison of Conductance Testing vs. Traditional Methods”, by M. Hlavac et al., Jun. 1993, pp. 1-15; (20 total pgs.).
“Updated State of Conductance/Capacity Correlation Studies to Determine the State-of-Health of Automotive SLI and Standby Lead Acid Batteries”, by D. Feder et al., Sep. 1993, pp. 1-17; (22 total pgs.).
“Field and Laboratory Studies to Access the State-of-Health of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Battery Technologies Using Conductance Testing Part II—Further Conductance/Capacity Correlation Studies”, by M. Hlavac et al., Sep. 1993, pp. 1-9; (14 total pgs.).
“Field Experience of Testing VRLA Batteries by Measuring Conductance”, by M.W. Kniveton, May 1994, pp. 1-4; (9 total pgs.).
“Reducing the Cost of Maintaining VRLA Batteries in Telecom Applications”, by M.W. Kniveton, Sep. 1994, pp. 1-5; (10 total pgs.).
“Analysis and Interpretation of Conductance Measurements used to Access the State-of-Health of Valve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries Part III: Analytical Techniques”, by M. Hlavac, Nov. 1994, 9 pgs; (13 total pgs.).
“Testing 24 Volt Aircraft Batteries Using Midtronics Conductance Technology”, by M. Hlavac et al., Jan. 1995, 9 pgs; (13 total pgs.).
“VRLA Battery Monitoring Using Conductance Technology Part IV: On-Line State-of-Health Monitoring and Thermal Runaway Detection/Prevention”, by M. Hlavac et al., Oct. 1995, 9 pgs; (13 total pgs.).
“VRLA Battery Conductance Monitoring Part V: Strategies for VRLA Battery Testing and Monitoring in Telecom Operating Environments”, by M. Hlavac et al., Oct. 1996, 9 pgs; (13 total pgs.).
“Midpoint Conductance Technology Used in Telecommunication Stationary Standby Battery Applications Part VI: Considerations for Deployment of Midpoint Conductance in Telecommunications Power Applications”, by M. Troy et al., Oct. 1997, 9 pgs; (13 total pgs.).
“Impedance/Conductance Measurements as an Aid to Determining Replacement Strategies”, M. Kniveton, Sep. 1998, pp. 297-301; (9 total pgs.).
“A Fundamentally New Approach to Battery Performance Analysis Using DFRA™/DTIS™ Technology”, by K. Champlin et al., Sep. 2000, 8 pgs; (12 total pgs.).
“Battery State of Health Monitoring, Combining Conductance Technology With Other Measurement Parameters for Real-Time Battery Performance Analysis”, by D. Cox et al., Mar. 2000, 6 pgs; (10 total pgs.).
Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2011/026608, dated Aug. 29, 2011, 9 pgs.
Examination Report under section 18(3) for corresponding Great Britain Application No. GB1000773.0, dated Feb. 6, 2012, 2 pages.
Communication from GB1216105.5, dated Sep. 21, 2012.
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT/US2011/039043, dated Jul. 26, 2012.
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT/US2011/053886, dated Jul. 27, 2012.
“Field Evaluation of Honda's EV PLUS Battery Packs”, by A. Paryani, IEEE AES Systems Magazine, Nov. 2000, pp. 21-24.
Official Action dated Jan. 22, 2014 in Korean patent application No. 10-2012-7033020, 2 pgs including English Translation.
Official Action dated Feb. 20, 2014 in Korean patent application No. 10-2013-7004814, 6 pgs including English Translation.
Search Report from PCT/US2011/047354, dated Nov. 11, 2011.
Written Opinion from PCT/US2011/047354, dated Nov. 11, 2011.
First Office Action (Notification of Reasons for Rejections) dated Dec. 3, 2013 in related Japanese patent application No. 2013-513370, 9 pgs. Including English Translation.
First Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201180011597.4, dated May 6, 2014, 20 pages.
Office Action from Korean Application No. 10/2012-7033020, dated Jul. 29, 2014.
Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201180038844.X, dated Jul. 1, 2014.
Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201180030045.8, dated Jul. 21, 2014.
Office Action for German Patent Application No. 1120111020643 dated Aug. 28, 2014.
Office Action from Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-513370, dated Aug. 5, 2014.
Office Action from Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-531839, dated Jul. 8, 2014.
Office Action for German Patent Application No. 103 32 625.1, dated Nov. 7, 2014, 14 pages.
Office Action from Chinese Patent Application No. 201180038844.X, dated Dec. 8, 2014.
Office Action from CN Application No. 201180011597.4, dated Jan. 6, 2015.
Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201180030045.8, dated Mar. 24, 2015.
Office Action for Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-531839, dated Mar. 31, 2015.
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT/US2014/069661, dated Mar. 26, 2015.
Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201180038844.X, dated Jun. 8, 2015.
Office Action from Chinese Patent Application No. 201180011597.4 dated Jun. 3, 2015.
European Search Report from European Application No. EP 15151426.2, dated Jun. 1, 2015.
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion from PCT/US2016/014867, dated Jun. 3, 2016.
Office Action from Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-014002, dated Jul. 19, 2016.
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority from PCT/US2016/029696, dated Aug. 24, 2016.
Office Action from German Patent Application No. 10393251.8, dated Nov. 4, 2016, including English translation.
Office Action from European Patent Application No. 15 151 426.2-1801, dated Aug. 28, 2017, 2 pages.
Office Action from German Patent Application No. 112011101892.4, dated Sep. 7, 2017.
Office Action from Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-026740, dated Jan. 9, 2018.
Office Action from Chinese Patent Application No. 201480066251.8, dated May 29, 2018.
Brochure: “Sensors Intelligent Battery Sensors, Measuring Battery Capacity and Ageing”, by Hella, 6 pgs.
Office Action from Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-026740, dated May 8, 2018.
U.S. Appl. No. 12/697,485, filed Feb. 1, 2010, 36 pgs.
Office Action from Chinese Patent Application No. 201480066251.8, dated Dec. 13, 2018.
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, or the Declaration for PCT/US2019/014487, dated Apr. 11, 2019.
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, or the Declaration for PCT/US2019/014494, dated Apr. 24, 2019.
U.S. Appl. No. 16/943,120, filed Jul. 30, 2020.
U.S. Appl. No. 17/088,824, filed Nov. 4, 2020.
U.S. Appl. No. 17/086,629, filed Nov. 2, 2020.
U.S. Appl. No. 17/090,129, filed Nov. 5, 2020.
Office Action from German Patent Application No. 11 2011 101 892.4, dated Oct. 1, 2020, and translation using Google Translate.
Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia, https: // de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= four-wire measurement &oldid=67143514-4 (Retrieved Sep. 15, 2020) along with Google Translation.
U.S. Appl. No. 17/136,600, filed Dec. 29, 2020.
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, or the Declaration for PCT/US2020/059015, dated Jan. 22, 2021.
U.S. Appl. No. 17/504,897, filed Oct. 19, 2021.
Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, or the Declaration for PCT/US2021/040313 dated Oct. 25, 2021; 14 pages.
Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20210231737 A1 Jul 2021 US
Provisional Applications (1)
Number Date Country
62964834 Jan 2020 US