Patent Application
20240013085
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-109576, filed on Jul. 7, 2022; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Embodiments described herein relate generally to an electronic circuit and a calculating device.
For example, an electronic circuit that includes multiple nonlinear elements is used in a calculating device. It is desirable to improve the characteristics of the electronic circuit and the calculating device.
According to one embodiment, an electronic circuit includes a first qubit, a second qubit, a first coupler, a first readout conductive member, and a first filter. The first coupler includes a first resonator and a second resonator. The first resonator is couplable with the first qubit. The second resonator is couplable with the second qubit. The first filter includes a first filter portion, a first other-filter portion, and a first readout portion. The first filter portion is couplable with the first resonator. The first other-filter portion is couplable with the second resonator. The first readout portion is couplable with the first readout conductive member.
Various embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The drawings are schematic and conceptual; and the relationships between the thickness and width of portions, the proportions of sizes among portions, etc., are not necessarily the same as the actual values. The dimensions and proportions may be illustrated differently among drawings, even for identical portions.
In the specification and drawings, components similar to those described previously or illustrated in an antecedent drawing are marked with like reference numerals, and a detailed description is omitted as appropriate.
As shown in
The first coupler 10A includes a first resonator 11R and a second resonator 12R. The first resonator 11R is couplable with the first qubit 51B. The second resonator 12R is couplable with the second qubit 52B. For example, the first resonator 11R is electromagnetically couplable with the first qubit 51B. For example, the second resonator 12R is electromagnetically couplable with the second qubit 52B. Electromagnetic coupling includes, for example, capacitive coupling. Electromagnetic coupling includes, for example, inductive coupling. The first coupler 10A is, for example, a tunable coupler.
The first filter 31F includes a first filter portion 31P, a first other-filter portion 31Q, and a first readout portion 31R. The first filter portion 31P is couplable with the first resonator 11R. The first other-filter portion 31Q is couplable with the second resonator 12R. The first readout portion 31R is couplable with the first readout conductive member 21. The first filter 31F may be, for example, a Purcell filter.
According to the embodiment, the states of the qubits are read out by the first readout conductive member 21 via the first filter 31F. Thereby, for example, qubits and couplers can be provided at high density.
For example, in a first reference example, the states of the qubits are read out via a readout resonator. In the first reference example, the surface area of the readout resonator is large, and space is necessary. It is therefore difficult to provide multiple qubits at high density.
In contrast, according to the embodiment, the first filter 31F and the resonators included in the first coupler 10A are coupled. The states of the qubits are read out via the couplers and the first filter 31F. According to the embodiment, the readout resonator can be omitted. Better space conservation is possible. High density qubits are obtained. According to the embodiment, an electronic circuit can be provided in which the characteristics can be improved.
In the example as shown in
The first conductive portion 41p corresponds to the first filter portion 31P. The second conductive portion 42p corresponds to the first other-filter portion 31Q. At least one of the first other-conductive portion 41q or the second other-conductive portion 42q corresponds to the first readout portion 31R.
For example, the first qubit 51B, the second qubit 52B, the first coupler 10A, the first readout conductive member 21, and the first filter 31F may be formed from a conductive layer 85 located at a first surface 81F of a first base body 81. As described below, for example, at least a portion of the conductive layer 85 may be located at different multiple base bodies.
As shown in
The first resonator 11R includes a first inductor 11L. The second resonator 12R includes a second inductor 12L. In the example, a first resonator Josephson junction 11J is used as the first inductor 11L. In the example, a second resonator Josephson junction 12J is used as the second inductor 12L.
The first resonator 11R is, for example, a first transmon resonator. The second resonator 12R is, for example, a second transmon resonator. The first coupler 10A is, for example, a double-transmon coupler.
A first resonator conductive part 11a that is connected with the first inductor 11L (the first resonator Josephson junction 11J) is included. A second resonator conductive part 12a that is connected with the second inductor 12L (the second resonator Josephson junction 12J) is included.
The first filter portion 31P of the first filter 31F is couplable with the first resonator conductive part 11a. The first other-filter portion 31Q of the first filter 31F is couplable with the second resonator conductive part 12a. The first resonator conductive part 11a and the first inductor 11L (the first resonator Josephson junction 11J) are included in the first resonator 11R. The second resonator conductive part 12a and the second inductor 12L (the second resonator Josephson junction 12J) are included in the second resonator 12R.
As shown in
The first bit conductive part 51a is couplable with the first resonator conductive part 11a. The second bit conductive part 52a is couplable with the second resonator conductive part 12a.
A ground conductive layer 85G that is formed from the conductive layer 85 may be included. The ground conductive layer 85G is set to a ground potential GND (e.g., a reference potential). For example, the ground conductive layer 85G may be located around the conductive layer 85 used to form the first qubit 51B, the second qubit 52B, the first coupler 10A, the first readout conductive member 21, and the first filter 31F.
A readout circuit 70R may be included as shown in
As shown in
The second resonator 12R includes the second inductor 12L and a second capacitor 12C. The second capacitor 12C is connected in parallel with the second inductor 12L. In the example as described above, the second resonator Josephson junction 12J is provided as the second inductor 12L. The second capacitor 12C is connected in parallel with the second resonator Josephson junction 12J.
The first coupler 10A further includes the first coupler Josephson junction 11K. One end of the first coupler Josephson junction 11K is connected with one end of the first inductor 11L and one end of the first capacitor 11C. The other end of the first coupler Josephson junction 11K is connected with one end of the second inductor 12L and one end of the second capacitor 12C.
The other end of the first inductor 11L and the other end of the first capacitor 11C are set to the ground potential GND. The other end of the second inductor 12L and the other end of the second capacitor 12C are set to the ground potential GND.
The first inductor 11L includes at least one first resonator Josephson junction 11J. The first inductor 11L may include multiple first resonator Josephson junctions 11J. The second inductor 12L includes at least one second resonator Josephson junction 12J. The second inductor 12L may include multiple second resonator Josephson junctions 12J.
The first qubit 51B includes the first bit Josephson junction 51J and a first bit capacitor 51C. The first bit capacitor 51C is connected in parallel with the first bit Josephson junction 51J. One end of the first bit Josephson junction 51J and one end of the first bit capacitor 51C are connected with the first bit conductive part 51a. The first bit conductive part 51a is couplable with the first resonator conductive part 11a. The other end of the first bit Josephson junction 51J and the other end of the first bit capacitor 51C are set to the ground potential GND.
The second qubit 52B includes the second bit Josephson junction 52J and a second bit capacitor 52C. The second bit capacitor 52C is connected in parallel with the second bit Josephson junction 52J. One end of the second bit Josephson junction 52J and one end of the second bit capacitor 52C are connected with the second bit conductive part 52a. The second bit conductive part 52a is couplable with the second resonator conductive part 12a. The other end of the second bit Josephson junction 52J and the other end of the second bit capacitor 52C are set to the ground potential GND.
A capacitance C1 may be formed of the first bit conductive part 51a and the first resonator conductive part 11a. A capacitance C2 may be formed of the second bit conductive part 52a and the second resonator conductive part 12a.
For example, the first conductive member 41 can be considered to be an LC circuit connected in parallel. For example, the first conductive member 41 corresponds to a first filter resonator 41f. For example, the second conductive member 42 can be considered to be an LC circuit connected in parallel. For example, the second conductive member 42 corresponds to a second filter resonator 42f. These LC circuits are waveguide resonators.
In one example, the resonant frequency of the first qubit 51B is about 8.3 GHz. The resonant frequency of the second qubit 52B is about 9.0 GHz. The resonant frequency of the first resonator 11R is about 11.0 GHz. The resonant frequency of the second resonator 12R is about 11.7 GHz. The frequency of the first resonator 11R is different from the resonant frequency of the second resonator 12R. The resonant frequency of the first resonator 11R and the resonant frequency of the second resonator 12R are read out via the first filter 31F. The resonant frequency of the first qubit 51B and the resonant frequency of the second qubit 52B are substantially cut off by a first filter 31.
According to the embodiment, for example, the resonant frequency of the first resonator 11R is greater than the resonant frequency of the first qubit 51B. The resonant frequency of the second resonator 12R is greater than the resonant frequency of the second qubit 52B.
As shown in
For example, the coupling between the first qubit 51B and the second qubit 52B can be substantially switched off. This state is, for example, an idling state. In the idling state, the first resonator 11R is considered to be a resonator strongly coupled with the first qubit 51B. The first resonator 11R can function as a readout resonator. According to the embodiment, it is unnecessary to separately form a readout resonator. A compact electronic circuit is obtained.
For example, instead of linear resonators, transmons are used as the first and second filter resonators 41f and 42f. In such a case, the input of the transmon is set to be sufficiently weak. The first resonator 11R strongly couples with the first qubit 51B, causing a large state-dependent frequency shift. For example, due to the strong coupling, the state-dependent frequency shift is about 30 MHz, and the states of the qubits can be read out.
For example, for an output signal loss of about 50%, a readout error probability of lower than 1% is obtained for a readout period of 200 ns.
According to the embodiment, the first filter 31F transmits the resonant frequency of the first resonator 11R in the idling state. The first filter 31F substantially does not transmit the resonant frequency of the first qubit 51B. Such a first filter 31F is coupled with the first readout conductive member 21. The first readout conductive member 21 functions as a readout line. According to the embodiment, high-speed readout is possible. According to the embodiment, good qubit coherence time (high gate fidelity) is obtained.
According to the embodiment, for example, the passband of the first filter 31F includes the resonant frequency of the first resonator 11R when a first coupling strength is substantially zero.
In one example, the absolute value of the difference between the resonant frequency of the first resonator 11R and the resonant frequency of the first qubit 51B may be greater than the absolute value of the difference between the resonant frequency of the first resonator 11R and the resonant frequency of the second resonator 12R. The absolute value of the difference between the resonant frequency of the second resonator 12R and the resonant frequency of the second qubit 52B may be greater than the absolute value of the difference between the resonant frequency of the first resonator 11R and the resonant frequency of the second resonator 12R.
In one example, the absolute value of the difference between the resonant frequency of the first qubit 51B and the resonant frequency of the second qubit 52B may be less than the absolute value of the difference between the resonant frequency of the first resonator 11R and the resonant frequency of the first qubit 51B. The absolute value of the difference between the resonant frequency of the first qubit 51B and the resonant frequency of the second qubit 52B may be less than the absolute value of the difference between the resonant frequency of the second resonator 12R and the resonant frequency of the second qubit 52B.
As shown in
In the electronic circuit 111, the first filter 31F includes the first conductive member 41, the second conductive member 42, and at least one third conductive member 43. The third conductive member 43 is located between the first conductive member 41 and the second conductive member 42. Multiple third conductive members 43 may be included. In the example, three third conductive members 43 are located between the first conductive member 41 and the second conductive member 42. The third conductive members 43 are couplable with the first and second conductive members 41 and 42.
The first conductive member 41 includes the first conductive portion 41p and the first other-conductive portion 41q. The first conductive portion 41p is couplable with the first resonator 11R. The second conductive member 42 is couplable with the second resonator 12R. The first other-conductive portion 41q is couplable with the first readout conductive member 21. The second conductive member 42 includes the second conductive portion 42p and the second other-conductive portion 42q. The second conductive portion 42p is couplable with the second resonator 12R.
The first conductive portion 41p corresponds to the first filter portion 31P. The second conductive member 42 (the second conductive portion 42p) corresponds to the first other-filter portion 31Q. The first other-conductive portion 41q corresponds to the first readout portion 31R.
In the first filter 31F of the electronic circuit 111, the steepness of the change of the transmittance Tr between the passband 50p and the non-pass band can be improved. For example, the readout speed is increased. For example, the performance related to the qubit coherence time (a high gate fidelity) is improved.
For example, the first filter 31F transmits the resonant frequency of the first resonator 11R in the idling state and the resonant frequency of the second resonator 12R in the idling state. The first filter 31F substantially does not transmit the frequencies of the qubits in a wide bandwidth. A steep band-pass filter is obtained.
As shown in
In the electronic circuit 112, the first filter 31F includes the first conductive member 41, the second conductive member 42, and the third conductive member 43. The first conductive member 41 is couplable with the first resonator 11R. The second conductive member 42 is couplable with the second resonator 12R. The third conductive member 43 is couplable with the first readout conductive member 21. At least a portion of the third conductive member 43 is located between the first conductive member 41 and the second conductive member 42.
For example, the first filter 31F includes a first conductive member Josephson junction 41J, a second conductive member Josephson junction 42J, and a third conductive member Josephson junction 43J. The first conductive member Josephson junction 41J is couplable with the first conductive member 41. The second conductive member Josephson junction 42J is couplable with the second conductive member 42. The third conductive member Josephson junction 43J is couplable with the third conductive member 43.
For example, the first filter 31F is based on a transmon resonator. According to the embodiment, the first coupler 10A is a double-transmon coupler. The transmon of the first coupler 10A functions as a readout resonator. By applying the first filter 31F based on the transmon resonator, even better space conservation is possible.
In the electronic circuit 113 according to the embodiment as shown in
In the electronic circuit 113, the first conductive member 41 includes multiple first filter conductive parts (conductive parts 41a to 41c, etc.). The second conductive member 42 includes multiple second filter conductive parts (conductive parts 42a to 42c, etc.). The multiple first filter conductive parts (the conductive parts 41a to 41c) are mutually couplable. The multiple second filter conductive parts (the conductive parts 42a to 42c, etc.) are mutually couplable.
For example, the first conductive portion 41p is included in one of the multiple first filter conductive parts. For example, the first other-conductive portion 41q is included in another one of the multiple first filter conductive parts. The second conductive portion 42p is included in one of the multiple second filter conductive parts. The second other-conductive portion 42q is included in another one of the multiple second filter conductive parts.
In the first bit Josephson junction 51J as shown in
In the second bit Josephson junction 52J as shown in
In the first resonator Josephson junction 11J as shown in
In the second resonator Josephson junction 12J as shown in
In the first coupler Josephson junction 11K as shown in
In the first conductive member Josephson junction 41J as shown in
In the second conductive member Josephson junction 42J as shown in
In the third conductive member Josephson junction 43J as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The first resonator conductive part 11a may be located at the first surface 81F of one base body (e.g., the first base body 81); and the first conductive member 41 may be located at another surface (e.g., the back surface) of the one base body (e.g., the first base body 81). The second resonator conductive part 12a may be located at the first surface 81F of one base body (e.g., the first base body 81); and the second conductive member 42 may be located at another surface (e.g., the back surface) of the one base body (e.g., the first base body 81).
The first conductive member 41 may be located at one surface of one base body; and the first readout conductive member 21 may be located at another surface (e.g., the back surface) of the one base body. The second conductive member 42 may be located at one surface of one base body; and the first readout conductive member 21 may be located at another surface (e.g., the back surface) of the one base body.
In the electronic circuit 114 according to the embodiment as shown in
In the electronic circuit 114, the first filter 31F includes the multiple first conductive members 41 and the multiple second conductive members 42. The multiple first conductive members 41 are mutually couplable. The multiple second conductive members 42 are mutually couplable. A portion of one of the multiple first conductive members 41 corresponds to the first conductive portion 41p. A portion of another one of the multiple first conductive members 41 corresponds to the first other-conductive portion 41q. A portion of one of the multiple second conductive members 42 corresponds to the second conductive portion 42p. A portion of another one of the multiple second conductive members 42 corresponds to the second other-conductive portion 42q.
Portions (e.g., end portions) of the multiple first conductive members 41 and portions (e.g., end portions) of the multiple second conductive members 42 are connected with the ground conductive layer 85G. In the example, the portions of the multiple first conductive members 41 and the portions of the multiple second conductive members 42 are connected with the conductive layer 85 (the ground conductive layer 85G) located around these conductive members. The portions of the multiple first conductive members 41 and the portions of the multiple second conductive members 42 may be electrically connected with a conductive layer 88 located at the back surface of the first base body 81 (see
Thus, the first filter 31F may include multiple conductive members. The number n of the conductive members is 2 when the multiple conductive members include the one first conductive member 41 and the one second conductive member 42. The number n of the multiple conductive members is 3 when the multiple conductive members include one first conductive member 41, one second conductive member 42, and one third conductive member 43. In the electronic circuit 114, the number n of the multiple conductive members is 4.
In the electronic circuit 115 according to the embodiment as shown in
In the electronic circuit 115, portions (e.g., end portions) of the first conductive member 41, the second conductive member 42, and the third conductive member 43 are connected with the ground conductive layer 85G. In the example, the portions of the first conductive member 41, the second conductive member 42, and the third conductive member 43 are connected with the conductive layer 85 (the ground conductive layer 85G) located around these conductive members. The portions of the first conductive member 41, the second conductive member 42, and the third conductive member 43 may be electrically connected with the conductive layer 88 located at the back surface of the first base body 81 (see
An example of simulation results of characteristics of the electronic circuits 114 and 115 will now be described.
As shown in
As shown in
The second coupler 10B includes a third resonator 13R that is couplable with the second qubit 52B, and a fourth resonator 14R that is couplable with the third qubit 53B. The second filter 32F includes a second filter portion 32P, a second other-filter portion 32Q, and a second readout portion 32R. The second filter portion 32P is couplable with the third resonator 13R. The second other-filter portion 32Q is couplable with the fourth resonator 14R. The second readout portion 32R is couplable with the second readout conductive member 22. For example, the readout circuit 70R may be electrically connected with the second readout conductive member 22.
In the electronic circuit 120, the state of the second qubit 52B may be read out via the second coupler 10B and the second filter 32F. The state of the third qubit 53B may be read out via the second coupler 10B and the second filter 32F. Better space conservation is possible.
The configuration of the first filter 31F described with reference to the electronic circuits 111 and 112 is applicable to the second filter 32F.
As shown in
The third coupler 10C includes a fifth resonator 15R that is couplable with the second qubit 52B, and a sixth resonator 16R that is couplable with the fourth qubit 54B. The third filter 33F includes a third filter portion 33P, a third other-filter portion 33Q, and a third readout portion 33R. The third filter portion 33P is couplable with the fifth resonator 15R. The third other-filter portion 33Q is couplable with the sixth resonator 16R. The third readout portion 33R is couplable with the third readout conductive member 23. For example, the readout circuit 70R may be electrically connected with the third readout conductive member 23.
In the electronic circuit 121, the state of the second qubit 52B may be read out via the third coupler 10C and the third filter 33F. The state of the fourth qubit 54B may be read out via the third coupler 10C and the third filter 33F. Better space conservation is possible.
In the electronic circuits 120 and 121, “Q” corresponds to a qubit. “T” corresponds to a transmon. “F” corresponds to a filter (e.g., a Purcell filter, etc.).
In the electronic circuit 121, the state of the second qubit 52B can be read out by a first circuit set, a second circuit set, and a third circuit set. The first circuit set includes the first coupler 10A and the first filter 31F. The second circuit set includes the second coupler 10B and the second filter 32F. The third circuit set includes the third coupler 10C and the third filter 33F. The states of the qubits can be determined based on “majority voting” by using the readout operations via the three sets of circuits.
For example, a signal processor 70P may be included as shown in
The signal processor 70P is configured to acquire a first readout signal Sr1, a second readout signal Sr2, and a third readout signal Sr3. The first readout signal Sr1 is obtained from the first readout conductive member 21. The second readout signal Sr2 is obtained from the second readout conductive member 22. The third readout signal Sr3 is obtained from the third readout conductive member 23.
The signal processor 70P is configured to compare a first readout value V1 related to the first readout signal Sr1, a second readout value V2 related to the second readout signal Sr2, and a third readout value V3 related to the third readout signal Sr3. The signal processor 70P is configured to output a value Sig2 among the first readout value V1, the second readout value V2, and the third readout value V3 that has the smallest difference from the other values among the first readout value V1, the second readout value V2, and the third readout value V3. For example, a more accurate determination can be made by majority voting.
As shown in
The magnetic flux controller 60 is configured to control the magnetic flux Φ of the space inside the loop 10LP. As described above, the loop 10LP includes the conductive path including the first coupler Josephson junction 11K, the conductive path including the first resonator Josephson junction 11J, and the conductive path including the second resonator Josephson junction 12J.
In the example, the magnetic flux controller 60 includes a first control conductive part 61. For example, a controller 70 may be included. For example, the controller 70 controls the magnetic flux Φ inside the loop 10LP by controlling the magnetic flux controller 60. For example, the controller 70 supplies a magnetic flux control signal Sc to the first control conductive part 61. Thereby, the controller 70 controls the magnetic flux Φ inside the loop 10LP. A calculating device 210 according to the embodiment includes the electronic circuit 130 and the controller 70.
The controller 70 is configured to perform at least a first operation and a second operation. In the first operation, the controller 70 is configured to change the magnetic flux Φ of the space inside the loop 10LP between a first value and a second value. The second value is different from the first value. The controller 70 performs a two-qubit operation of the first and second qubits 51B and 52B by changing the magnetic flux Φ. In the second operation, the controller 70 performs the two-qubit operation of the first and second qubits 51B and 52B by modulating the magnetic flux Φ by using an alternating current.
The electronic circuit 130 may include a first qubit controller 65A and a second qubit controller 65B. The controller 70 is configured to supply a first qubit control signal Sb1 to the first qubit controller 65A. The controller 70 is configured to supply a second qubit control signal Sb2 to the second qubit controller 65B. The states of the qubits can be controlled by controlling these signals.
Embodiments may include the following configurations (e.g., technological proposals).
An electronic circuit, comprising:
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 1, wherein
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 1, wherein
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 1, wherein
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 4, wherein
The electronic circuit according to any one of Configurations 1 to 5, wherein
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 6, wherein
The electronic circuit according to any one of Configurations 1 to 5, wherein
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 8, wherein
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 9, wherein
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 10, wherein
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 11, wherein
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 12, further comprising:
The electronic circuit according to any one of Configurations 1 to 12, further comprising:
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 14, further comprising:
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 15, further comprising:
The electronic circuit according to Configuration 10 or 11, further comprising:
A calculating device, comprising:
The calculating device according to Configuration 18, wherein
According to the embodiment, an electronic circuit and a calculating device capable of improving characteristics can be provided.
Hereinabove, exemplary embodiments of the invention are described with reference to specific examples. However, the embodiments of the invention are not limited to these specific examples. For example, one skilled in the art may similarly practice the invention by appropriately selecting specific configurations of components included in electronic circuits and calculating devices such as non-linear elements, Josephson junctions, capacitors, conductive members, etc., from known art. Such practice is included in the scope of the invention to the extent that similar effects thereto are obtained.
Further, any two or more components of the specific examples may be combined within the extent of technical feasibility and are included in the scope of the invention to the extent that the purport of the invention is included.
Moreover, all electronic circuits, and calculating devices practicable by an appropriate design modification by one skilled in the art based on the electronic circuits, and the calculating devices described above as embodiments of the invention also are within the scope of the invention to the extent that the purport of the invention is included.
Various other variations and modifications can be conceived by those skilled in the art within the spirit of the invention, and it is understood that such variations and modifications are also encompassed within the scope of the invention.
While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel embodiments described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-109576 | Jul 2022 | JP | national |
