Patent Application
20120274577
The present disclosure relates to electronic devices including, but not limited to, electronic devices having displays and their control.
Electronic devices, including portable electronic devices, have gained widespread use and may provide a variety of functions including, for example, telephonic, electronic messaging and other personal information manager (PIM) application functions. Portable electronic devices include several types of devices including mobile stations such as simple cellular telephones, smart telephones (smart phones), Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), tablet computers, and laptop computers, with wireless network communications or near-field communications connectivity such as Bluetooth® capabilities.
Portable electronic devices such as PDAs, or tablet computers are generally intended for handheld use and ease of portability. Smaller devices are generally desirable for portability. A touch-sensitive display, also known as a touchscreen display, is particularly useful on handheld devices, which are small and may have limited space for user input and output. The information displayed on the display may be modified depending on the functions and operations being performed.
Improvements in electronic devices with displays are desirable.
The following describes an electronic device and an assembly that includes a frame, a substrate coupled to the frame by a plurality of flexible members, such that the substrate is moveable relative to the frame, and a piezoelectric device coupled to the substrate and configured to move the substrate relative to the frame.
For simplicity and clarity of illustration, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. Numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of the embodiments described herein. The embodiments may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments described. The description is not to be considered as limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein.
The disclosure generally relates to an electronic device, which is a portable or non-portable electronic device in the embodiments described herein. Examples of portable electronic devices include mobile, or handheld, wireless communication devices such as pagers, cellular phones, cellular smart-phones, wireless organizers, personal digital assistants, wirelessly enabled notebook computers, tablet computers, mobile internet devices, and so forth. Examples of non portable electronic devices include electronic white boards, smart boards utilized for collaboration, built-in displays in furniture or appliances, and so forth. The electronic device may be a portable electronic device without wireless communication capabilities, such as a handheld electronic game, digital photograph album, digital camera, or other device. The electronic device may also be a portable electronic device without wireless communication capabilities, such as handheld electronic games, digital photograph albums, digital cameras, media players, e-book readers, and so forth.
A block diagram of an example of an electronic device 100 is shown in
The processor 102 interacts with other components, such as Random Access Memory (RAM) 108, memory 110, a display 112 with a touch-sensitive overlay 114 operably connected to an electronic controller 116 that together comprise a touch-sensitive display 118, one or more actuators 120, an auxiliary input/output (I/O) subsystem 124, a data port 126, a speaker 128, a microphone 130, short-range communications 132, and other device subsystems 134. User-interaction with a graphical user interface is performed through the touch-sensitive overlay 114. The processor 102 interacts with the touch-sensitive overlay 114 via the electronic controller 116. Information, such as text, characters, symbols, images, icons, and other items that may be displayed or rendered on an electronic device, is displayed on the touch-sensitive display 118 via the processor 102. Optionally, the processor 102 may interact with one or more force sensors 122. The processor 102 may also interact with an orientation sensor such as an accelerometer 136 to detect direction of gravitational forces or gravity-induced reaction forces, for example, to determine the orientation of the electronic device 100.
To identify a subscriber for network access, the electronic device 100 may optionally use a Subscriber Identity Module or a Removable User Identity Module (SIM/RUIM) card 138 for communication with a network, such as the wireless network 150. Alternatively, user identification information may be programmed into memory 110.
The electronic device 100 includes an operating system 146 and software programs or components 148 that are executed by the processor 102 and are typically stored in a persistent, updatable store such as the memory 110. Additional applications or programs may be loaded onto the electronic device 100 through the wireless network 150, the auxiliary I/O subsystem 124, the data port 126, the short-range communications subsystem 132, or any other suitable subsystem 134.
A received signal, such as a text message, an e-mail message, or web page download, is processed by the communication subsystem 104 and input to the processor 102. The processor 102 processes the received signal for output to the display 112 and/or to the auxiliary I/O subsystem 124. A subscriber may generate data items, for example e-mail messages, which may be transmitted over the wireless network 150 through the communication subsystem 104, for example.
The touch-sensitive display 118 may be any suitable touch-sensitive display, such as a capacitive, resistive, infrared, surface acoustic wave (SAW) touch-sensitive display, strain gauge, optical imaging, dispersive signal technology, acoustic pulse recognition, and so forth, as known in the art. A capacitive touch-sensitive display may include a capacitive touch-sensitive overlay 114. The overlay 114 may be an assembly of multiple layers in a stack which may include, for example, a substrate, a ground shield layer, a barrier layer, one or more electrode layers separated by a substrate or other barrier, and a cover. The capacitive touch sensor layers may be any suitable material, such as patterned indium tin oxide (ITO).
One or more touches, also known as touch contacts or touch events, may be detected by the touch-sensitive display 118. The processor 102 may determine attributes of the touch, including a location of a touch. Touch location data may include an area of contact or a single point of contact, such as a point at or near a center of the area of contact. A signal is provided to the controller 116 in response to detection of a touch. A touch may be detected from any suitable object, such as a finger, thumb, appendage, or other items, for example, a stylus, pen, or other pointer, depending on the nature of the touch-sensitive display 118. The controller 116 and/or the processor 102 may detect a touch by any suitable contact member on the touch-sensitive display 118. Multiple simultaneous touches may be detected.
The actuator(s) 120 may be depressed by applying sufficient force to the touch-sensitive display 118 to overcome the actuation force of the actuator 120. The actuator 120 may be actuated by pressing anywhere on the touch-sensitive display 118. The actuator 120 may provide input to the processor 102 when actuated. Actuation of the actuator 120 may result in provision of tactile feedback. Other different types of actuators 120 may be utilized than those described herein. When force is applied, the touch-sensitive display 118 is depressible, pivotable, and/or movable.
A bottom view of an actuator assembly is shown in
The substrates 204 are coupled to a frame 206 by a plurality of flexible members 208 that are distributed around the substrates 204. The frame 206 and the flexible members 208 are metal and may be comprised of the same metal as the substrates 204. The frame 206, the flexible members 208, and the substrates 204 may be formed from a single sheet of metal, for example, by stamping, machining, or utilizing any suitable metalworking process or processes. The shape and the number of flexible members joining the substrates 204 to the frame 206 may differ from the shape and number illustrated in this example. Radial stresses, force, and displacement of the substrate may be modified by changing the number and shape of the flexible members.
The flexible members 208 may be thin extensions of metal distributed radially around the substrates 204 and joining the substrates 204 to the frame 206. The connection point of each of the flexible members 208 to the substrates 204 may be offset radially from the connection points of each of the flexible members 208 to the frame 206. The flexible members 208 may be non-linear, for example, Z or S-shaped, and are resilient, or elastically deformable, such that the flexible members 208 act as springs to facilitate movement of the substrates 204 relative to the frame 206. Any suitable shape of flexible members may be utilized, and one example of suitable flexible members is illustrated in
Each actuator 120, also referred to herein as a piezo actuator 120, may comprise a piezoelectric (“piezo”) device or element 210, such as piezoelectric ceramic disk, fastened to a substrate 204, for example, by adhesive, lamination, laser welding, and/or by other suitable fastening method or device. The piezoelectric material may be lead zirconate titanate or any other suitable material. Although the piezo element 210 is a ceramic disk in this example, the piezoelectric material may have any suitable shape and geometrical features, for example a non-constant thickness, chosen to meet desired specifications. The substrates 204 bend when the piezo elements 210 contract diametrically, as a result of build up of charge/increased voltage at the piezo element 210, causing movement of at least a portion of the substrate 204 away from the frame 206. The substrates 204 return to the position illustrated in
Pads 302 may be disposed on an opposite side of the substrates 204 as the piezo elements 210, as illustrated in
The actuator assembly 202 may be assembled and utilized in the portable electronic device 100. A cross section of a portable electronic device 100 taken through the centers of piezoelectric (“piezo”) actuators 120 is shown in
The optional force sensors 122 may be disposed between the pad 302 and the support tray 412 or between the pad 302 and the substrate 208, to name a few examples. The force sensors 122 may be force-sensitive resistors, strain gauges, piezoelectric or piezoresistive devices, pressure sensors, or other suitable devices. Force as utilized throughout the specification, including the claims, refers to force measurements, estimates, and/or calculations, such as pressure, deformation, stress, strain, force density, force-area relationships, thrust, torque, and other effects that include force or related quantities. A piezoelectric device, which may be the piezo element 210, may be utilized as a force sensor.
When the touch-sensitive display 118 is depressed, the force sensors 122 generate a force signal that is received and interpreted by the microprocessor 102. The pads 302 are advantageously aligned with the force sensors 122 to facilitate the focus of forces exerted on the touch-sensitive display 118 onto the force sensors 122. The pads 302 transfer forces between the touch-sensitive display 118 and the actuators 120 whether the force sensors 122 are above or below the pads 302. The pads 302 facilitate provision of tactile feedback from the actuators 120 to the touch-sensitive display 118 without substantially dampening the force applied to or on the touch-sensitive display 118.
Force information related to a detected touch may be utilized to select information, such as information associated with a location of a touch. For example, a touch that does not meet a force threshold may highlight a selection option, whereas a touch that meets a force threshold may select or input that selection option. Selection options include, for example, displayed or virtual keys of a keyboard; selection boxes or windows, e.g., “cancel,” “delete,” or “unlock”; function buttons, such as play or stop on a music player; and so forth. Different magnitudes of force may be associated with different functions or input. For example, a lesser force may result in panning, and a higher force may result in zooming.
A block diagram including force sensors and actuators of the portable electronic device 100 is shown in
The piezo actuators 120 are electrically coupled to a piezo driver 504 that communicates with the controller 502 by an electrical connection to the metal frame 206, for example. The controller 502 is also in communication with the main processor 102 of the portable electronic device 100 and may exchange signals with the main processor 102. The piezo actuators 120 and the force sensors 122 are operatively coupled to the main processor 102 via the controller 502. The controller 502 controls the piezo driver 506 that controls the current/voltage to the metal frame 206 to which the actuators 120 are coupled, and thus the controller 502 controls the force applied by the piezo actuators 120 on the touch-sensitive display 118. The piezo actuators 120 may be controlled substantially equally and concurrently, for example, by the same signal that may be provided through a common control line that extends to the metal frame 206 or by control lines that extend to the substrates 204. The piezo elements 210 may be grounded while a negative voltage, for example, between −150V and 0 may be applied to the metal frame 206 to provide the voltage/charge at the piezo actuators 120.
The tactile feeling of switches, actuators, keys, other physical objects, and so forth may be simulated, or a non-simulated tactile feedback may be provided by controlling the piezoelectric devices 210. For example, when a force applied on the touch-sensitive display 118 exceeds a depression threshold, a signal is identified and the voltage/charge at the piezo actuators 120 is applied according to the signal such that the piezo actuators 120 impart a force on the touch-sensitive display 118, which force may, for example, simulate depression of a dome switch. When the force applied on the touch-sensitive display 118 falls below a release threshold, the voltage/charge at the piezo actuators 120 is modified such that the piezo actuator 120 imparts a force or discontinues imparting a force on the touch-sensitive display 118, which may, for example, simulate release of a dome switch.
A bottom view of an actuator is shown in
The flexible members 608 may be thin extensions of metal distributed radially around the substrate 604 between the substrate and the metal band 610. The connection point of each of the flexible members 608 to the substrate 604 may be offset radially from the connection points of each of the flexible members 608 to the band 610. The flexible members 608 may be non-linear, for example, and are resilient, or elastically deformable, such that the flexible members 608 act as springs to facilitate movement of the substrate 604 relative to the band 610.
In the example illustrated in
Each actuator may comprise a piezo element 614 fastened to a substrate 604, as described above with reference to
The piezo actuators may be electrically coupled to each other by, for example, an electrical connection to the piezo elements 614. The substrates 604 may be electrically coupled to each other by an electrical connection to the substrates 604, as illustrated by the electrical connectors 814 in
An assembly includes a frame, a substrate coupled to the frame by a plurality of flexible members, such that the substrate is moveable relative to the frame, and a piezoelectric device coupled to the substrate and configured to move the substrate relative to the frame.
An electronic device includes a housing, a touch-sensitive display disposed in the housing, a frame, a substrate coupled to the frame by a plurality of flexible members, such that the substrate is moveable relative to the frame, a piezoelectric device coupled to the substrate and configured to move the substrate relative to the frame to apply force to the touch-sensitive display.
An assembly includes a frame, a plurality of substrates coupled to the frame by a plurality of flexible members, such that the substrates are moveable relative to the frame, and a plurality of piezoelectric devices coupled to the substrates and configured to move the substrates relative to the frame
Actuators such as piezo actuators may be assembled utilizing a frame to provide an actuator assembly. Pads and optional force sensors may also be included in the actuator assembly to reduce the number of separate components that are utilized in the construction of a portable electronic device that includes actuators to provide tactile feedback. A reduction in the number of separate components may facilitate control and reduction of mechanical tolerances for the components utilized in the portable electronic device, which may facilitate a reduction in thickness of the portable electronic device.
The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present disclosure is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
