Patent Grant
11521560
This application is the U.S. national phase of International Application No. PCT/KR2019/006686 filed Jun. 4, 2019 which designated the U.S. and claims priority to KR Patent Application No. 10-2018-0092910 filed Aug. 9, 2018, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Embodiments disclosed in the disclosure relate to a technology that controls a source bias current for setting a slew rate of a source voltage for driving a display.
An electronic device (e.g., a smart phone or a wearable device) may include a display that displays an image. The display includes a display panel, a display driver integrated circuit (DDI) that drives the display panel, and a source driver that supplies a source voltage to the display panel.
The source driver adjusts a gray level, which is the grayscale of an image displayed by the display panel, by adjusting a level of the source voltage. The change amount and change rate of the source voltage according to an increase of the gray level may vary depending on the luminance of the image. The slew rate of the source voltage, which is the change rate of the source voltage, is set depending on the magnitude of the source bias current supplied to an amplifier circuit of the source driver.
A conventional electronic device may increase the magnitude of a source bias current by using an amplifier circuit of a source driver. Furthermore, the conventional electronic device may increase the slew rate of a source voltage by instantaneously increasing the source bias current in a section, in which the source voltage is changed, using a boosting circuit connected to the amplifier circuit of the source driver. However, when a boosting circuit is always used, the power consumed by the source driver increases.
Also, the conventional electronic device has a uniform slew rate regardless of the level of the source voltage. In the case where the slew rate of the source voltage is uniform, the time required until the source voltage is output when the change amount of the source voltage is changed may be changed depending on a luminance. The change amount of the source voltage depends on the luminance, and thus the time required until the source voltage is output is changed depending on the luminance.
Embodiments disclosed in this specification are intended to provide the electronic device for solving the above-described problem and problems brought up in this specification.
According to an embodiment disclosed in this specification, an electronic device may include a display panel displaying an image, a source driver supplying a source voltage to the display panel, and a display driver integrated circuit (DDI) including a timing controller controlling the source driver. The timing controller may be configured to identify information associated with a luminance of the image and to set a source bias current for controlling a slew rate of the source voltage based on the luminance of the image.
Furthermore, according to an embodiment disclosed in this specification, an electronic device may include a display panel including one or more pixels, a source port electrically connected to at least part of the one or more pixels, and a DDI including a source amplifier electrically connected the source port. The DDI may be configured to identify a luminance set for the display panel, to drive the source amplifier such that a slew rate of a voltage output through the source amplifier has a first slope, when the luminance belongs to a first specified range, and to drive the source amplifier such that the slew rate of the voltage output through the source amplifier has a second slope lower than the first slope when the luminance belongs to a second specified range lower than the first specified range.
Moreover, according to an embodiment disclosed in this specification, an electronic device may include a display panel including one or more pixels, a source port electrically connected to at least part of the one or more pixels, and a DDI including a source amplifier electrically connected the source port. The DDI may be configured to identify a luminance set for the display panel, to drive the source amplifier at a first drive strength such that a slew rate of a voltage output through the source amplifier has a first slope when the luminance belongs to a first specified range, and to drive the source amplifier at a second drive strength lower than the first drive strength such that the slew rate of the voltage output through the source amplifier has a second slope lower than the first slope when the luminance belongs to a second specified range lower than the first specified range.
According to embodiments disclosed in this specification, an electronic device may reduce power consumed by a source driver.
Furthermore, according to embodiments disclosed in this specification, the electronic device may control a slew rate of the source voltage in real time depending on the luminance of an image displayed on a display panel.
Besides, a variety of effects directly or indirectly understood through the specification may be provided.
With regard to description of drawings, the same similar components will be marked by the same or similar reference signs.
Hereinafter, various embodiments of the disclosure will be described with reference to accompanying drawings. Ho ever, it should be understood that this is not intended to limit the disclosure to specific implementation forms and includes various modifications, equivalents, and/or alternatives of embodiments of the disclosure.
The processor 120 may execute, for example, software (e.g., a program 140) to control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or software component) of the electronic device 101 coupled with the processor 120, and may perform various data processing or computation. According to one embodiment, as at least part of the data processing or computation, the processor 120 may load a command or data received from another component (e.g., the sensor module 176 or the communication module 190) in volatile memory 132, process the command or the data stored in the volatile memory 132, and store resulting data in non-volatile memory 134. According to an embodiment, the processor 120 may include a main processor 121 (e.g., central processing unit (CPU) or an application processor (AP)), and an auxiliary processor 123 (e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor (CP)) that is operable independently from, or in conjunction with, the main processor 121. Additionally or alternatively, the auxiliary processor 123 may be adapted to consume less power than the main processor 121, or to be specific to a specified function. The auxiliary processor 123 may be implemented as separate from, or as part of the main processor 121.
The auxiliary processor 123 may control at least some of functions or states related to at least one component (e.g., the display device 160, the sensor module 176, or the communication module 190) among the components of the electronic device 101, instead of the main processor 121 while the main processor 121 is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or together with the main processor 121 while the main processor 121 is in an active state (e.g., executing an application). According to an embodiment, the auxiliary processor 123 (e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as part of another component (e.g., the camera module 180 or the communication module 190) functionally related to the auxiliary processor 123.
The memory 130 may store various data used by at least one component (e.g., the processor 120 or the sensor module 176) of the electronic device 101. The various data may include, for example, software (e.g., the program 140) and input data or output data for a command related thereto. The memory 130 may include the volatile memory 132 or the non-volatile memory 134.
The program 140 may be stored in the memory 130 as software, and may include, for example, an operating system (OS) 142, middleware 144, or an application 146.
The input device 150 may receive a command or data to be used by other component (e.g., the processor 120) of the electronic device 101, from the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic device 101. The input device 150 may include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, a keyboard, or a digital pen (e.g., a stylus pen).
The sound output device 155 may output sound signals to the outside of the electronic device 101. The sound output device 155 may include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker may be used for general purposes, such as playing multimedia or playing record, and the receiver may be used for an incoming calls. According to an embodiment, the receiver may be implemented as separate from, or as part of the speaker.
The display device 160 may visually provide information to the outside (e.g., a user) of the electronic device 101. The display device 160 may include, for example, a display, a hologram device, or a projector and control circuitry to control a corresponding one of the display, hologram device, and projector. According to an embodiment, the display device 160 may include touch circuitry adapted to detect a touch, or sensor circuitry (e.g., a pressure sensor) adapted to measure the intensity of force incurred by the touch.
The audio module 170 may convert a sound into an electrical signal and vice versa. According to an embodiment, the audio module 170 may obtain the sound via the input device 150, or output the sound via the sound output device 155 or a headphone of an external electronic device (e.g., an electronic device 102) directly (e.g., wiredly) or wirelessly coupled with the electronic device 101.
The sensor module 176 may detect an operational state (e.g., power or temperature) of the electronic device 101 or an environmental state (e.g., a state of a user) external to the electronic device 101, and then generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected state. According to an embodiment, the sensor module 176 may include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor.
The interface 177 may support one or more specified protocols to be used for the electronic device 101 to be coupled with the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device 102) directly (e.g., wiredly) or wirelessly. According to an embodiment, the interface 177 may include, for example, a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a secure digital (SD) card interface, or an audio interface.
A connecting terminal 178 may include a connector via which the electronic device 101 may be physically connected with the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device 102). According to an embodiment, the connecting terminal 178 may include, for example, a HDMI connector, a USB connector, a SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector).
The haptic module 179 may convert an electrical signal into a mechanical stimulus (e.g., a vibration or a movement) or electrical stimulus which may be recognized by a user via his tactile sensation or kinesthetic sensation. According to an embodiment, the haptic module 179 may include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electric stimulator.
The camera module 180 may capture a still image or moving images. According to an embodiment, the camera module 180 may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes.
The power management module 188 may manage power supplied to the electronic device 101. According to one embodiment, the power management module 188 may be implemented as at least part of, for example, a power management integrated circuit (PMIC).
The battery 189 may supply power to at least one component of the electronic device 101. According to an embodiment, the battery 189 may include, for example, a primary cell which is not rechargeable, a secondary cell which is rechargeable, or a fuel cell.
The communication module 190 may support establishing a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device 101 and the external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device 102, the electronic device 104, or the server 108) and performing communication via the established communication channel. The communication module 190 may include one or more communication processors that are operable independently from the processor 120 (e.g., the application processor (AP)) and supports a direct (e.g., wired) communication or a wireless communication. According to an embodiment, the communication module 190 may include a wireless communication module 192 (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module 194 (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module or a power line communication (PLC) module). A corresponding one of these communication modules may communicate with the external electronic device via the first network 198 (e.g., a short-range communication network, such as Bluetooth™, wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) direct, or infrared data association (IrDA)) or the second network 199 (e.g., a long-range communication network, such as a cellular network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., LAN or wide area network (WAN)). These various types of communication modules may be implemented as a single component (e.g., a single chip), or may be implemented as multi components (e.g., multi chips) separate from each other. The wireless communication module 192 may identify and authenticate the electronic device 101 in a communication network, such as the first network 198 or the second network 199, using subscriber information (e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module 196.
The antenna module 197 may transmit or receive a signal or power to or from the outside (e.g., the external electronic device) of the electronic device 101. According to an embodiment, the antenna module 197 may include an antenna including a radiating element composed of a conductive material or a conductive pattern formed in or on a substrate (e.g., PCB). According to an embodiment, the antenna module 197 may include a plurality of antennas. In such a case, at least one antenna appropriate for a communication scheme used in the communication network, such as the first network 198 or the second network 199, may be selected, for example, by the communication module 190 (e.g., the wireless communication module 192) from the plurality of antennas. The signal or the power may then be transmitted or received between the communication module 190 and the external electronic device via the selected at least one antenna. According to an embodiment, another component (e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)) other than the radiating element may be additionally formed as part of the antenna module 197.
At least some of the above-described components may be coupled mutually and communicate signals (e.g., commands or data) therebetween via an inter-peripheral communication scheme (e.g., a bus, general purpose input and output (GPIO), serial peripheral interface (SPI), or mobile industry processor interface (MIPI)).
According to an embodiment, commands or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic device 101 and the external electronic device 104 via the server 108 coupled with the second network 199. Each of the electronic devices 102 and 104 may be a device of a same type as, or a different type, from the electronic device 101. According to an embodiment, all or some of operations to be executed at the electronic device 101 may be executed at one or more of the external electronic devices 102, 104, or 108. For example, if the electronic device 101 should perform a function or a service automatically, or in response to a request from a user or another device, the electronic device 101, instead of, or in addition to, executing the function or the service, may request the one or more external electronic devices to perform at least part of the function or the service. The one or more external electronic devices receiving the request may perform the at least part of the function or the service requested, or an additional function or an additional service related to the request, and transfer an outcome of the performing to the electronic device 101. The electronic device 101 may provide the outcome, with or without further processing of the outcome, as at least part of a reply to the request. To that end, a cloud computing, distributed computing, or client-server computing technology may be used, for example.
According to an embodiment, the display device 160 may further include the touch circuitry 250. The touch circuitry 250 may include a touch sensor 251 and a touch sensor IC 253 to control the touch sensor 251. The touch sensor IC 253 may control the touch sensor 251 to sense a touch input or a hovering input with respect to a certain position on the display 210. To achieve this, for example, the touch sensor 251 may detect (e.g., measure) a change in a signal (e.g., a voltage, a quantity of light, a resistance, or a quantity of one or more electric charges) corresponding to the certain position on the display 210. The touch circuitry 250 may provide input information (e.g., a position, an area, a pressure, or a time) indicative of the touch input or the hovering input detected via the touch sensor 251 to the processor 120. According to an embodiment, at least part (e.g., the touch sensor IC 253) of the touch circuitry 250 may be formed as part of the display 210 or the DDI 230, or as part of another component (e.g., the auxiliary processor 123) disposed outside the display device 160.
According to an embodiment, the display device 160 may further include at least one sensor (e.g., a fingerprint sensor, an iris sensor, a pressure sensor, or an illuminance sensor) of the sensor module 176 or a control circuit for the at least one sensor. In such a case, the at least one sensor or the control circuit for the at least one sensor may be embedded in one portion of a component (e.g., the display 210, the DDI 230, or the touch circuitry 150)) of the display device 160. For example, when the sensor module 176 embedded in the display device 160 includes a biometric sensor (e.g., a fingerprint sensor), the biometric sensor may obtain biometric information (e.g., a fingerprint image) corresponding to a touch input received via a portion of the display 210. As another example, when the sensor module 176 embedded in the display device 160 includes a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor may obtain pressure information corresponding to a touch input received via a partial or whole area of the display 210. According to an embodiment, the touch sensor 251 or the sensor module 176 may be disposed between pixels in a pixel layer of the display 210, or over or under the pixel layer.
Referring to
According to an embodiment, the processor 120 may include at least one or more of an application processor (AP), a communication processor (CP), a sensor hub, and/or a touch screen panel (TSP) IC. It is mainly described in
According to an embodiment, the processor 120 may include a display controller 121, a modulator 122, and a transmission side (Tx) high speed serial interface (HiSSI) 123.
According to an embodiment, the display controller 121 may read image data stored in a memory (e.g., 130 in
According to an embodiment, the modulator 122 may modulate the image data received from the display controller 121. In this specification, “modulation” may mean changing at least part (e.g., all or part) of pixel values constituting image data. For example, the modulation in the modulator 122 may be bypassed when the display controller 121 generates the image data modulated from the beginning. For another example, the modulation in the modulator 122 may be bypassed even when the modulation of the image data is not required.
According to an embodiment, the processor 120 may provide the DDI 300 with the image data and control information to be described later. For example, the image data may be provided to the DIN 300 through the Tx HiSSI 123. For another example, the control information may be transmitted through a Tx low speed serial interface (LoSSI).
According to an embodiment, the DDI 300 may drive the display 210. The DDI 300 may include a memory 310, a controller 320, an interface module 330, an image processing unit 345, a gamma correction circuit 347, and a timing controller 360.
According to an embodiment, the DDI 300 may receive the image data and the control information from the processor 120 through the interface module 330. For example, the encoded image may be received through a reception-side (Rx) HiSSI 331. The control information may be received together with the image data through the Rx HiSSI 331. For another example, the control information may be received through an Rx LoSSI 332 separately from the image data.
According to an embodiment, the memory 310 may store the image data received through the Rx HiSSI 331. For example, the size of the image data may correspond to a storage space of the memory 310. For another example, the storage space of the memory 310 may correspond to the data size of an image corresponding to one frame in a display panel 215. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. When the memory 310 is implemented to include an auxiliary memory, the storage space of the memory 310 may not correspond to the data size of an image corresponding to one frame in the display panel 215. The memory 310 may be referred to as a frame buffer or a buffer memory. Hereinafter, the image data stored in the memory 310 may be referred to as “first image data” or may be simply referred to a “first image”.
According to an embodiment, the controller 320 may control overall operations of the DDI 300. For example, the controller 320 may control the luminance of the display 210 based on the command from the processor 120.
According to an embodiment, the interface module 330 may include the Rx HiSSI 331, the Rx LoSSI 332, and an interface controller 333. The Rx HiSSI 331 may receive an image from the processor 120. The Rx LoSSI 332 may receive the control information. The interface controller 333 may control the Rx HiSSI 331 and the Rx LoSSI 332.
According to an embodiment, the image processing unit 345 may improve image quality by correcting an image. For example, the image processing unit 345 may include one or more of a pixel data processing circuit, a preprocessing circuit, and a gating circuit.
According to an embodiment, the gamma correction circuit 347 may determine or generate a gamma voltage of an electrical signal corresponding to the image data. A relationship between an electrical signal and the brightness of a pixel (e.g., an organic light emitting diode (OLED)) responding to the electrical signal may be non-linear. The gamma correction circuit 347 may determine or correct the gamma voltage of the electrical signal based on a gamma correction curve indicating the non-linear relationship between the electrical signal and the brightness of a pixel, or a look-up table (LUT) created by using the gamma correction curve. Each of the pixels included in the display panel 215 may display an intended image by minimizing image distortion using the gamma correction circuit 347. The controller 320 may adjust and change the gamma correction curve or the LUT, which is used in the gamma correction circuit 347, depending on an image to be displayed.
According to an embodiment, the timing controller 360 may generate a signal corresponding to the received image data to provide the signal to the display 210. The signal generated by the timing controller 360 may be transmitted to a source driver 211 and a gate driver 212 at a specified timing with the specified frame frequency (e.g., 60 Hz).
According to an embodiment, the display 210 may include the source driver 211, the gate driver 212, and the display panel 215. In addition, the display 210 may include other related circuit configurations.
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 may supply source voltages to source lines included in the display panel 215. The source driver 211 may supply the source voltage corresponding to the luminance, at which an image is displayed for each frame, depending on a control signal received from the timing controller 360.
According to an embodiment, the gate driver 212 may transmit scan signals to scan lines included in the display panel 215. The gate driver 212 may sequentially transmit the scan signals to each of the scan lines depending on the control signal received from the timing controller 360.
According to an embodiment, the display panel 215 may include a plurality of pixels. The plurality of pixels may emit light based on electrical signals from the source driver 211 and the gate driver 212. Various images may be provided to a user by the light emitted from the plurality of pixels.
In operation S410, a dining controller (e.g., the timing controller 360 in
In operation S420, the timing controller in the electronic device 101 according to an embodiment may set a source bias current based on the luminance of the image. When the luminance change amount of the image is great, the timing controller may be configured to increase the source bias current. When the luminance change amount of the image is small, the timing controller may be configured to decrease the magnitude of the source bias current.
In operation S430, a source driver (e.g., the source driver 211 of
According to an embodiment, the DAC 410 may receive a digital signal from the timing controller 360. For example, the DAC 410 may receive image data DATA generated by the timing controller 360. The DAC 410 may convert the image data DATA into an analog input voltage Vin.
According to an embodiment, the source voltage generation unit 420 may receive the input voltage Vin. The source voltage generation unit 420 may generate an output voltage Vout based on the input voltage Vin to output the output voltage Vout to a display panel (e.g., the display panel 215 of
According to an embodiment, the amplifier circuit 421 may amplify the input voltage Vin to generate the output voltage Vout. The amplifier circuit 421 may receive the input voltage Vin through an input terminal. For example, the amplifier circuit 421 may receive the input voltage Vin through a positive terminal (+) of the amplifier circuit 421. The amplifier circuit 421 may be connected to the boosting circuit 422. For example, a negative terminal (−) of the amplifier circuit 421 may be connected to the boosting circuit 422. The amplifier circuit 421 may be implemented as an operational amplifier (OP-Amp). The amplifier circuit 421 implemented as the OP-Amp may receive power through power terminals VDD and VSS.
According to an embodiment, the boosting circuit 422 may be connected to the amplifier circuit 421. The boosting circuit 422 may supply a current according to the input voltage Vin to the amplifier circuit 421. For example, the boosting circuit 422 may supply the current to the input terminal of the amplifier circuit 421. For another example, the boosting circuit 422 may provide the current to the amplifier circuit 421 to a path for connecting the input terminal and the output terminal of the amplifier circuit 421. The boosting circuit 422 may control the output voltage Vout of the amplifier circuit 421.
According to an embodiment, the boosting circuit 422 may supply a boosting current to the amplifier circuit 421. The boosting current may be obtained by at least temporarily increasing the magnitude of the current during 1 frame defined by a vertical synchronization signal Vsync. For example, when there is a sudden luminance change such as a change from a black grayscale to a white grayscale or a change from a white grayscale to a black grayscale during 1 frame, the source driver 211 may output the output voltage Vout such that the source voltage is significantly changed based on a change in luminance within 1 frame. It is necessary to at least temporarily significantly increase the magnitude of the current for setting the output voltage Vout for the purpose of significantly changing the output voltage Vout within 1 frame in a moment of time.
According to an embodiment, when the magnitude of the current supplied by the boosting circuit 422 increases, the time required until the source voltage output by the source voltage generation unit 420 reaches the level of a target voltage may decrease. Accordingly, the slew rate of the source voltage that is a speed, at which the source voltage reaches up to the level of the target voltage, may increase. When the slew rate of the source voltage is increased, the source voltage may be rapidly changed to the desired voltage in a start section of 1 frame where the source voltage is changed. Accordingly, when the change amount of the source voltage is great in the start section of 1 frame, the source voltage may be changed to the desired voltage within a specified section. For example, when the source voltage in the start section of 1 frame is a white voltage of about 4 V, and the desired voltage level of the source voltage is a black voltage of about 6.5 V, the change amount of the source voltage may be about 2.5 V. Accordingly, the source voltage may be rapidly increased from about 4 V to about 6.5 V by temporarily increasing the intensity of the current supplied by the boosting circuit 422 in the start section.
According to an embodiment, the electronic device may divide a grayscale of an image displayed by the display 210 into a plurality of levels to represent the image. For example, the grayscale of the image displayed by the display 210 may be divided into 256 levels from gray level 0 to gray level 255 to represent the image. As a grayscale level increases, a gamma curve may rise.
According to an embodiment, the gamma curve may be changed depending on the luminance of the image displayed by the display 210. For example, when the image displayed by the display 210 has one of first to third luminances L1 to L3, the electronic device may have gamma curves respectively corresponding to the first to third luminances L1 to L3.
According to an embodiment, the first luminance L1 may be the highest luminance among the plurality of luminances capable of representing the image displayed by the display 210. For example, the first luminance L1 may be 420 nit. The second luminance L2 may be an intermediate luminance among the plurality of luminances capable of representing the image displayed by the display 210. For example, the second luminance L2 may be 200 nit. The third luminance L3 may be the lowest luminance among the plurality of luminances capable of representing the image displayed by the display 210. For example, the third luminance L3 may be 10 nit.
According to an embodiment, when the image displayed by the display 210 has the first luminance L1, the gamma curve may increase from 0 to a first gamma value as the grayscale value is changed from gray level 0 to gray level 255. When the image displayed by the display 210 has the second luminance L2, the gamma curve may increase from 0 to a second gamma value as the grayscale value changes from gray level 0 to gray level 255. The second gamma value may be less than the first gamma value. When the image displayed by the display 210 has the third luminance L3, the gamma curve may increase from 0 to the third gamma value as the grayscale value changes from gray level 0 to gray level 255. The third gamma value may less than the second gamma value. As such, as the luminance decreases, the change amount of the gamma value according to a change in grayscale value may be reduced.
According to an embodiment, a gamma curve may be changed when a luminance is changed, and thus a swing range of a source voltage may be changed. For example, when the change amount of the gamma curve decreases, the change amount of the source voltage may decrease. For example, when the image displayed by the display 210 has one of the first to third luminances L1 to L3, the electronic device may have source voltages respectively corresponding to the first to third luminances L1 to L3.
According to an embodiment, when the grayscale value is gray level 0, the source voltage have a uniform value regardless of a luminance. When the grayscale value is gray level 0, the source voltage may have a maximum value. In the case of gray level 0, the source voltage at the first to third luminances L1 to L3 may be a first voltage V1. For example, the first voltage V1 may be about 6.5 V.
According to an embodiment, as the gray level, which is the grayscale value, increases, the source voltage may decrease. When the grayscale value is gray level 255, the source voltage may have a minimum value.
According to are embodiment, a decrement of the source voltage may increase as the luminance increases. The level of the source voltage at gray level 255 may decrease as the luminance increases. For example, at the third luminance L3 that is a low luminance, the source voltage at gray level 255 may be a second voltage V2. In the first luminance L1 that is a high luminance, the source voltage at gray level 255 may be a fourth voltage V4 lower than the second voltage V2. The change amount of the source voltage may increase as the luminance increases. For example, at the third luminance L3 that is a low luminance, the decrement of the source voltage may be a difference value between the first voltage V1 and the second voltage V2. In the first luminance L1 that is a high luminance, the decrement of the source voltage may be a difference value between the first voltage V1 and the fourth voltage V4. Because the fourth voltage V4 is lower than the second voltage V2, the decrement of the source voltage at the first luminance L1 that is a high luminance may be greater than the decrement of the source voltage at the third luminance L3 that is low luminance.
According to an embodiment, at gray level 255, the source voltage at the third luminance L3 may be the second voltage V2. For example, the second voltage V2 may be about 6 V. In the case of gray level 255, the source voltage at the second luminance L2 may be a third voltage V3. The third voltage V3 may be lower than the second voltage V2. For example, the third voltage V3 may be about 5 V. At gray level 255, the source voltage at the first luminance may be the fourth voltage V4. The fourth voltage V4 may be lower than the third voltage V3. For example, the fourth voltage V4 may be about 4 V.
According to an embodiment, a DDI (e.g., the DDI 230 of
According to an embodiment, the command delivered by the processor to the DDI may be included in an image control signal. For another example, the command may control image data. In this case, image information delivered from the processor to the DDI may include the image control signal corresponding to the command. The frame period FP may last from a first time point T1 to a second time point T2 and from the second time point T2 to a third time point T3. Accordingly, the frame period FP may be defined as a period from the first time point T1 to the third time point T3.
According to another embodiment, when a sensor module (e.g., the sensor module 176 of
According to an embodiment, a timing controller (e.g., the timing controller 360 of
According to an embodiment, the source voltage at the first luminance L1 may increase to the first voltage V1 in 1 frame period FP while being maintained at the fourth voltage V4, and then may decrease to the fourth voltage V4 at the end of 1 frame period FP. The source voltage at the second luminance L2 may increase to the first voltage V1 in 1 frame period FP while being maintained at the third voltage V3, and then may decrease to the third voltage V3 at the end of 1 frame period FP. The source voltage at the third luminance L3 may increase to the first voltage V1 in 1 frame period FP while being maintained at the second voltage V2, and then may decrease to the second voltage V2 at the end of the 1 frame period FP.
According to an embodiment, a magnitude change of the source voltage at the first luminance L1, which is the brightest luminance, from among the first to third luminances L1 to L3 may be greatest within 1 frame period FP. A magnitude change of the source voltage at the third luminance L3, which is the darkest luminance, from among the first to third luminances L1 to L3 may be smallest within 1 frame period FP. At the second luminance L2 darker than first luminance L1 and brighter than the third luminance L3, the change amount of the source voltage within 1 frame period FP may be smaller than the change amount at the first luminance L1 and may be greater than the change amount at the third luminance L3.
According to an embodiment, the source voltage at the first luminance L1 may increase from the fourth voltage V4 to the first voltage V1 during the slew period SP. The source voltage at the first luminance L1 may increase at a first slew rate S1. The source voltage at the second luminance L2 may increase from the third voltage V3 to the first voltage V1 during the slew period SP. The source voltage at the second luminance L2 may increase at a second slew rate S2 lower than the first slew rate S1. The source voltage at the third luminance L3 may increase from the second voltage V2 to the first voltage V1 during the slew period SP. The source voltage at the third luminance L3 may increase at a third slew rate S3 lower than the second slew rate S2.
According to an embodiment, the source voltage may increase from the minimum value to the maximum value during the same time regardless of the luminance of the image displayed by the display 210. In all the cases of having the first luminance L1 to third luminance L3, the DDI 230 of the electronic device 101 may control the source driver 211 such that the source voltage increases from the minimum value to the maximum value during the slew period SP of the same length, by calculating the first to third slew rates S1 to S3 based on the levels of the first to fourth voltages V1 to V4.
According to an embodiment, when the change amount of the source voltage is reduced, the DDI 230 of the electronic device 101 may control the source driver 211 so as to reduce the slew rate of the source voltage. For example, when the change amount of the source voltage decreases to the specified width or less, the DDI 230 of the electronic device 101 may control the source driver 211 so as not to use the boosting circuit (e.g., the boosting circuit 422 of
According to an embodiment, the electronic device 101 may sequentially proceed with the first to fourth frames F1 to F4 depending on the vertical synchronization signal Vsync, which is generated by a timing controller (e.g., timing controller 360 of
According to an embodiment, the electronic device 101 may set a luminance based on a command delivered from the processor (e.g., the processor 120 of
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 of the electronic device 101 may set a white grayscale voltage according to the luminance in units of frames. The white grayscale voltage may be the source voltage at gray level 255. The white grayscale voltage may be the same as the minimum value of the source voltage. The source driver 211 of the electronic device 101 may change and output the white grayscale voltage in units of frames. For example, in the first frame F1, the source driver 211 may output the white grayscale voltage of the fourth voltage V4. In the second frame F2, the source driver 211 may output the white grayscale voltage of the third voltage V3. In the third frame F3, the source driver 211 may output the white grayscale voltage of the second voltage V2. In the fourth frame F4, the source driver 211 may output the white grayscale voltage of the fourth voltage V4.
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 of the electronic device 101 may be configured to maintain a uniform black grayscale voltage regardless of a luminance. The black grayscale, voltage may be the source voltage at gray level 0. The black grayscale voltage may be the same value as the maximum value of the source voltage. The source driver 211 of the electronic device 101 may output the black grayscale voltage. For example, in the first to fourth frames F1 to F4, the source driver 211 may output the black grayscale voltage of the first voltage V1.
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 of the electronic device 101 may control the magnitude of the source bias current for changing the source voltage in units of frames. The source driver 211 may control the magnitude of the source bias current to be changed depending on the luminance in each frame, using a boosting circuit (e.g., the boosting circuit 422 of
According to an embodiment, in at least part of the first to fourth frames F1 to F4, the electronic device 101 may propagate the horizontal synchronization signal Hsync which is generated by the timing controller 360 and then is transmitted to the source driver 211, for each scan line on the display panel (e.g., the display panel 215 of
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 of the electronic device 101 may increase the source voltage from a white grayscale voltage to a black grayscale voltage in at least part of frame unit periods. At the time point where the horizontal synchronization signal Hsync is temporarily changed to the low state (L) and then is changed to the high state (H), the source driver 211 may increase the source voltage from the white grayscale voltage to the black grayscale voltage. For example, the source driver 211 may increase the source voltage from the fourth voltage V4 to the first voltage V1 in at least part of the first frame F1. The source driver 211 may increase the source voltage from the third voltage V3 to the first voltage V1 in at least part of the second frame F2. The source driver 211 may increase the source voltage from the second voltage V2 to the first voltage V1 in at least part of the third frame F3. The source driver 211 may increase the source voltage from the fourth voltage V4 to the first voltage V1 in at least part of the fourth frame F4.
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 may control the slew rate of the source voltage depending on the luminance of the image displayed on the display 210. For example, when the image displayed on the display 210 has the first luminance L1, the source driver 211 may control the source voltage to have the first slew rate S1. When the image displayed on the display 210 has the second luminance L2, the source driver 211 may control the source voltage to have the second slew rate S2. When the image displayed on the display 210 has the third luminance L3, the source driver 211 may control the source voltage to have the third slew rate S3.
In operation 901, a DDI (e.g., the DDI 230 of
In operation 902, the electronic device 101 according to an embodiment may reduce the luminance based on the first information. The timing controller (e.g., the timing controller 360 of
In operation 903, the electronic device 101 according to an embodiment may reduce a source bias current value. The source driver 211 may reduce the source bias current value that is output from a boosting circuit (e.g., the boosting circuit 422 of
In operation 904, the electronic device 101 according to an embodiment may supply the source voltage for each frame. The source driver 211 may supply a source voltage corresponding to the luminance, which is set based on the first command for each frame, to the display panel 215. The display panel 215 may display an image of the luminance set depending on the received source voltage.
In operation 905, the DDI 230 in the electronic device 101 according to an embodiment may receive second information. For example, the DDI may receive the second information including a command for changing a luminance from a processor. For another example, the DDI may receive the second information including an illuminance value sensed from an illuminance sensor included in a sensor module. The second information may be used to increase the luminance of an image displayed on the display 210.
In operation 906, the electronic device 101 according to an embodiment may increase the source bias current value based on the second information. The source driver 211 may increase the source bias current value output from the boosting circuit 422 to the amplifier circuit 421 based on the second information. For example, when the display 210 displays an image having a specified luminance or more, the source driver 211 may turn on the fast slew function of the boosting circuit 422. Under control of the timing controller 360 of the DDI 230, the source bias current value output from the boosting circuit 422 of the source driver 211 may be increased.
In operation 907, the electronic device 101 according to an embodiment may increase the luminance. The timing controller 360 of the DDI 230 may change the luminance by changing the source voltage output from the source driver 211 based on the increased source bias current value. The source driver 211 may increase the luminance of the image displayed on the display panel 215 by decreasing the white grayscale voltage of the output source voltage.
According to an embodiment, the DAC 1010 may receive a digital signal from the timing controller 360. For example, the DAC 1010 may receive image data DATA generated by the timing controller 360. The DAC 1010 may convert the image data DATA into an analog input voltage Vin.
According to an embodiment, the source voltage generation unit 1020 may receive the input voltage Vin. The source voltage generation unit 1020 may generate an output voltage Tout based on the input voltage Vin to output the output voltage Vout to a display panel (e.g., the display panel 215 of
According to an embodiment, the amplifier circuit 1024 may amplify the input voltage Vin to generate the output voltage Vout. The amplifier circuit 1024 may receive the input voltage Vin through an input terminal. For example, the amplifier circuit 1024 may receive the input voltage Vin through a positive terminal (+) of the amplifier circuit 421. The amplifier circuit 1024 may be connected to first to third boosting circuits 1021 to 1023. For example, a negative terminal (−) of the amplifier circuit 1024 may be connected to the first to third boosting circuits 1021 to 1023. The amplifier circuit 1024 may be implemented as an OP-Amp. The amplifier circuit 1024 implemented as the OP-Amp may receive power through power terminals VDD and VSS.
According to an embodiment, the first to third boosting circuits 1021 to 1023 may be connected to the amplifier circuit 1024. The first to third boosting circuits 1021 to 1023 may respectively supply source bias currents, which have different magnitudes from one another, to the amplifier circuit 1024. The source bias current may be a current that sets the slew rate, which is the change rate of the source voltage. For example, the first boosting circuit 1021 may set the slew rate of the source voltage to a first slew rate; the second boosting circuit 1022 may set the slew rate of the source voltage to a second slew rate lower than the first slew rate; and, the third boosting circuit 1023 may set the slew rate of the source voltage to a third slew rate lower than the second slew rate. The amplifier circuit 1024 may change the output voltage Vout depending on the set slew rate by using source bias currents having different magnitudes supplied from the first to third boosting circuits 1021 to 1023.
According to an embodiment, the electronic device 101 may supply source bias currents Bias1 and Bias2 by selecting one of one or more boosting circuits depending on the luminance of an image displayed on a display panel (e.g., the display panel 215 of
According to an embodiment, one or more boosting circuits (e.g., the first to third boosting circuits 1021 to 1023 of
According to an embodiment, the gate driver 212 of the display 210 may transmit a scan signal to the scan line of the display panel 215. The display panel 215 may have a plurality of display regions divided in a direction parallel to the scan line. For example, the display panel 215 may have the plurality of display regions divided in units of scan lines. The plurality of display regions may have different luminances from one another, respectively. For example, the two adjacent display regions disposed on the upper portion among the plurality of display regions may have the first luminance L1 and the third luminance L3, respectively. The third luminance L3 may be lower than the first luminance L1. For a other example, the two adjacent display regions disposed on the lower portion among the plurality of display regions may have the second luminance L2 and the third luminance L3, respectively. The second luminance L2 may be lower than the first luminance L1 and higher than the third luminance L3.
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 may supply a source voltage corresponding to the luminance difference between adjacent display regions. To generate a source voltage corresponding to the luminance difference between adjacent display regions, the source driver 211 may supply the source voltage generated based on different source bias currents Bias1 and Bias2 to each of the plurality of display regions. For example, the source voltage generated based on the first source bias current Bias1 may be supplied to two display regions, which have the first luminance L1 and the third luminance L3, respectively, from among the plurality of display regions. For another example, the source voltage generated based on the second source bias current Bias2 may be supplied to two display regions, which have the second luminance L2 and the third luminance L3, respectively, from among the plurality of display regions. The second source bias current Bias2 may be smaller than the first source bias current Bias1. Accordingly, when a luminance difference between adjacent display regions is great, the source voltage may be increased during the specified period within 1 frame by increasing the slew rate of the source voltage by using a large source bias current. Moreover, when the luminance difference between adjacent display regions is small, the power consumption of the source driver 211 may be reduced by decreasing the slew rate of the source voltage by using a small source bias current.
According to an embodiment, the bias current determination unit 1302 may set a magnitude of a source bias current for determining a slew rate of a source voltage depending on a luminance of an image displayed by a display panel (e.g., the display panel 215 of
According to an embodiment, the first line buffer 1310 may receive a luminance value of the image displayed by the display panel 215 in units of one frame. The first line buffer 1310 may deliver the luminance value of the current frame of the image to the output unit 1311. The first line buffer 1310 may deliver the luminance value of the current frame to the second line buffer 1320 at a point in time when the current frame of the image ends and the next frame starts.
According to an embodiment, the second line buffer 1320 may receive the luminance value of the previous frame of the image displayed by the display panel 215 in units of one frame. The second line buffer 1320 may deliver the luminance value of the previous frame to the difference calculation unit 1330.
According to an embodiment, the difference calculation unit 1330 may receive the luminance value of the current frame of the image from the first line buffer 1310 in units of one frame and may receive the luminance value of the previous frame of the image from the second line buffer 1320 in units of one frame. The difference calculation unit 1330 may calculate a difference value between the luminance value of the current frame and the luminance value of the previous frame.
According to an embodiment, the slew rate determination unit 1340 may receive the difference value between the luminance value of the current frame and the luminance value of the previous frame, from the difference calculation unit 1330. The slew rate determination unit 1340 may set a minimum value and a maximum value of the source voltage generated by the source driver (e.g., the source driver 211 of
According to an embodiment, the source slew rate calculation unit 1341 may receive a source bias current from the bias current determination unit 1302. The source slew rate calculation unit 1341 may calculate the change amount and the slew rate of the source voltage according to the source bias current.
According to an embodiment, the source bias current corresponding to the difference value between the luminance value of the current frame and the luminance value of the previous frame may be calculated for each scan line. As such, the slew rate of the source voltage may be controlled by controlling the source bias current even when the luminance values are different for each scan line. Therefore, the length of the period in which the source voltage increases from the minimum value to the maximum value may be identically controlled. Furthermore, when the difference value between the minimum and maximum values of the source voltage is not greater than the specified value, the power consumed by the source driver 211 may be reduced by decreasing the magnitude of the source bias current.
According to an embodiment, the amplifier circuit Amp may receive an input voltage Vin and may generate an output voltage Vout. The output voltage Vout of the amplifier circuit Amp of the source driver 1400 may be referred to as a source voltage supplied to the display panel (e.g., the display panel 215 of
According to an embodiment, the one or more current sources may generate the plurality of source bias currents Bias1 to Bias4. The one or more current sources may supply a source bias current having a specified magnitude to the amplifier circuit Amp, depending on the slew rate of the source voltage supplied to the display panel 215 among the plurality of source bias currents Bias1 to Bias4.
According to an embodiment, the one or more current sources may control the magnitude of the source bias current supplied to the amplifier circuit Amp depending on the luminances L1 to L4. For example, the one or more current sources may supply the first source bias current Bias1 to the amplifier circuit Amp at the first luminance L1. The one or more current sources may supply the second source bias current Bias2 to the amplifier circuit Amp at the second luminance L2. The one or more current sources may supply the third source bias current Bias3 to the amplifier circuit Amp at the third luminance L3. The one or more current sources may supply the fourth source bias current Bias4 to the amplifier circuit Amp at the fourth luminance L4. Accordingly, the time required to increase the source voltage may be identically controlled regardless of the difference value between the minimum value and the maximum value of the source voltage according to a luminance. Moreover, when the difference value between the minimum and maximum values of the source voltage is not greater than a specified value, the power consumed by the source driver 1400 may be reduced by reducing the source bias current.
According to various embodiments, an electronic device (e.g., the electronic device 101 of
According to an embodiment, when the luminance of the image is decreased depending on a command included in the image control signal, the processor may decrease a value of the source bias current.
According to an embodiment, the DDI 230 may receive a command for setting the luminance of the image from the processor 120 in units of frames and may set a minimum value of the source voltage in response to the luminance set depending on the command.
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 may include an amplifier circuit (e.g., the amplifier circuit 421 of
According to an embodiment, when the image has a first luminance, the source voltage may have a first slew rate. When the image has a second luminance lower than the first luminance, the source voltage may have a second slew rate lower than the first slew rate.
According to an embodiment, when the image has a first luminance, the source voltage may be changed from a first voltage to a second voltage during a first period. When the image has a second luminance lower than the first luminance, the source voltage may be changed from a third voltage higher than the first voltage to a second voltage during the first period.
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 may include an amplifier circuit (e.g., the amplifier circuit 1024 of
According to an embodiment, an electronic device may further include one or more current sources supplying the source bias current. The one or more current sources may control the slew rate of the source voltage by controlling a magnitude of the source bias current.
According to an embodiment, the source voltage may increase from a minimum value to a maximum value during an identical time (e.g., the slew period SP) regardless of the luminance of the image.
According to various embodiments, an electronic device 101 may include a display panel 215 displaying an image, a source driver 211 supplying a source voltage to the display panel 215, a DDI 230 including a timing controller 360 controlling the source driver 211, and a processor 120 delivering an image control signal to the DDI 230. The source driver 211 may set a minimum value of the source voltage and a maximum value of the source voltage in units of frames and may adjust a slew rate of the source voltage depending on the minimum value of the source voltage and the maximum value of the source voltage.
According to an embodiment, the timing controller 360 may decrease the minimum value of the source voltage and may increase a slew rate of the source voltage, when a luminance of the image is decreased.
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 may uniformly maintain a period from the minimum value of the source voltage to the maximum value of the source voltage regardless of a minimum value of the source voltage and a maximum value of the source voltage.
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 may generate a source bias current controlling a slew rate of the source voltage. A magnitude of the source bias current may increase as the minimum value of the source voltage decreases.
According to an embodiment, the source driver 211 may increase the luminance of the image after increasing the source bias current.
According to an embodiment, the DDI 230 may turn off a fast slew function using a boosting circuit of the source driver when a change amount of the source voltage is reduced to a specified amount or less.
According to various embodiments, an electronic device 101 may include a display panel 215 displaying an image, a source driver 211 supplying a source voltage to the display panel 215, a DDI 230 including a timing controller 360 controlling the source driver 211, and a processor 120 delivering an image control signal to the DDI 230. The timing controller 360 may change a source bias current controlling a slew rate of the source voltage in units of frames depending on the luminance of the image.
According to an embodiment, in operation 1610, the electronic device 101 may identify the luminance set for the display panel 215. To identify the luminance set for the display panel 215, the electronic device 101 may identify information associated with an operating mode of the display panel 215. The electronic device 101 may identify information associated with the operating mode of the display panel 215 and may identify the operating mode based on the information associated with the operating mode.
According to an embodiment, the electronic device 101 may further include at least one processor (e.g., the processor 120 of
According to an embodiment, when a luminance belongs to the first specified range, in operation 1620, the electronic device 101 may drive the source amplifier 1024 such that the slew rate of the voltage (e.g., the source voltage Vout) output through the source amplifier 1024 has a first slope. For example, when driving at least part of the display panel 215 at the first luminance L1, the electronic device 101 may control the source amplifier so as to output the specified output voltage in the first time range.
According to an embodiment, in operation 1630, the electronic device 101 may drive the source amplifier 1024 with a first drive strength. The drive strength may be the size of a current capacity capable of being output from the output terminal (e.g., the output terminal of OP-Amp) of the source amplifier 1024. The drive strength may be the size of a current capacity capable of being driven by the source amplifier 1024 (e.g., capable of being driven to the output terminal of the source amplifier 1024 by using the boosting circuits 1021 to 1023 of
According to an embodiment, when the luminance belongs to the second specified range lower than the first specified range, in operation 1640, the electronic device 101 may drive the source amplifier 1024 such that the slew rate of the voltage output through the source amplifier 1024 has a second slope lower than the first slope. For example, when driving at least part of the display panel 215 at the second luminance L2 lower than the first luminance L1, the electronic device 101 may control the source amplifier 1024 so as to output a specified output voltage in a second time range longer than the first time range.
According to an embodiment, the electronic device 101 may further include the plurality of boosting circuits 1021 to 1023, which are connected to the source amplifier 1024 and which at least temporarily change the specified output voltage by at least temporarily changing the current input to the source amplifier 1024. The electronic device 101 may select one of the plurality of boosting circuits 1021 to 1023 to control the intensity of a specified output voltage output by the source amplifier 1024.
According to an embodiment, when driving the remaining parts of the display panel 215 at the third luminance L3, the DDI 300 may control the source amplifier so as to output a specified output voltage in the third time range.
According to an embodiment, in operation 1650, the electronic device 101 may drive the source amplifier 1024 with a second drive strength lower than the first drive strength. The electronic device 101 may further include the plurality of boosting circuits 1021 to 1023, which are connected to the source amplifier 1024 and which at least temporarily change a current input to the source amplifier 1024. The electronic device 101 may select one of the plurality of boosting circuits 1021 to 1023 to set the source amplifier 1024 to be driven with the first drive strength or the second drive strength.
The electronic device according to various embodiments may be one of various types of electronic devices. The electronic devices may include, for example, a portable communication device (e.g., a smartphone), a computer device, a portable multimedia device, a portable medical device, a camera, a wearable device, or a home appliance. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the electronic devices are not limited to those described above.
It should be appreciated that various embodiments of the disclosure and the terms used therein are not intended to limit the technological features set forth herein to particular embodiments and include various changes, equivalents, or replacements for a corresponding embodiment. With regard to the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related elements. It is to be understood that a singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the things, unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, each of such phrases as “A or B”, “at least one of A and B”, “at least one of A or B”, “A, B, or C”, “at least one of A, B, and C”, and “at least one of A, B, or C” may include any one of, or all possible combinations of the items enumerated together in a corresponding one of the phrases. As used herein, such terms as “1st” and “2nd”, or “first” and “second” may be used to simply distinguish a corresponding component from another, and does not limit the components in other aspect (e.g., importance or order). It is to be understood that if an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to, with or without the term “operatively” or “communicatively”, as “coupled with”, “coupled to”, “connected with”, or “connected to” another element (e.g., a second element), it means that the element may be coupled with the other element directly (e.g., wiredly), wirelessly, or via a third element.
As used herein, the term “module” may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may interchangeably be used with other terms, for example, “logic”, “logic block”, “part”, or “circuitry”. A module may be a single integral component, or a minimum unit or part thereof, adapted to perform one or more functions. For example, according to an embodiment, the module may be implemented in a form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
Various embodiments as set forth herein may be implemented as software (e.g., the program 140) including one or more instructions that are stored in a storage medium (e.g., internal memory 136 or external memory 138) that is readable by a machine (e.g., the electronic device 101). For example, a processor (e.g., the processor 120) of the machine (e.g., the electronic device 101) may invoke at least one of the one or more instructions stored in the storage medium, and execute it, with or without using one or more other components under the control of the processor. This allows the machine to be operated to perform at least one function according to the at least one instruction invoked. The one or more instructions may include a code generated by a compiler or a code executable by an interpreter. The machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium. Wherein, the term “non-transitory” simply means that the storage medium is a tangible device, and does not include a signal (e.g., an electromagnetic wave), but this term does not differentiate between where data is semi-permanently stored in the storage medium and where the data is temporarily stored in the storage medium.
According to an embodiment, a method according to various embodiments of the disclosure may be included and provided in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM)), or be distributed (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) online via an application store (e.g., PlayStore™), or between two user devices (e.g., smart phones) directly. If distributed online, at least part of the computer program product may be temporarily generated or at least temporarily stored in the machine-readable storage medium, such as memory of the manufacturer's server, a server of the application store, or a relay server.
According to various embodiments, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include a single entity or multiple entities. According to various embodiments, one or more of the above-described components may be omitted, or one or more other components may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., modules or programs) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, according to various embodiments, the integrated component may still perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components in the same or similar manner as they are performed by a corresponding one of the plurality of components before the integration. According to various embodiments, operations performed by the module, the program, or another component may be carried out sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order or omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
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| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2019/006686 | 6/4/2019 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020/032368 | 2/13/2020 | WO | A |
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