The object of this invention to provide a full-wave inverter, characterized by being protected against the phenomena generated through the life of the lamp and to remain useful, when the lamp connected to the circuit reaches the end of his life and can be replaced in the same investor for a new lamp, the inverter stops operating at the time of failure of the lamp. To achieve this goal, consider all the performance characteristics of the lamps over their lives, thereby protecting its two transistors to be the exposed part, because these transistors for placement in any anomaly in the circuit overlapping signal driving cycle being short-circuited these.
Another advantage of this invention is that its signal circuits for alternately switching two transistors, be carried out using diodes instead of capacitors which removes all internal shocks as this mode signal currents not interrupted only change in a harmonious way, so efficiency is achieved by a range greater than three percent, compared to existing investors.
Despite the high efficiency, as is known has the gas discharge tube or fluorescent low pressure, as well as longer duration than is the order of ten times the life of the incandescent bulb. Having to replace the entire set when the lamp reaches the end of his life, this hurts his qualities as compared to the cost of incandescent bulb, which is about ten times smaller than the rectifier-inverter set over the lamp.
In order to more fairly compare the fluorescent lamp with incandescent bulb, taking into account their luminous efficiency, the fluorescent lamp is 68 lumens/Watt incandescent bulb and has only 10 to 15 lumens/Watt. (IES Lighting Handbook 8-9, 8-11, 8-26). The time-cost relationship of common incandescent light bulb, it is perfectly determined to penetrate every major economy in the lowest. Through this invention, the fluorescent lamp life can be calculated similar to the common incandescent light bulb and this will save energy with less initial cost.
When it first acquires the whole lamp investor attaches the rope turning the plug (socket) as is conventional today, and through this invention, the new lamp is easy to connect since the investor even if there is connected to the supply circuit, the lamp remains molten rock it and therefore without consuming energy, until you press the reset button normally open position, placed in the body of the investor, after installing the new lamp, which may have two terminals or contacts at each end, similar to those of the current Rapid start lamps. As the cost of the inverter of this invention is competitive with existing investors, can take advantage of lamp replacements and cost apportioning the cost of new lamps.
The inverter circuit full wave considered here are designed to convert an input voltage direct current output voltage to a high frequency of about 20 kHz. to 100 kHz, used as ballast in gas discharge lamps or fluorescent low pressure, more particularly mentioned here only as a lamp. These lamps can be of various types, most suitable for this type of investor is classified as a quick start by being more efficient than cold-cathode. The power of these investors may be obtained from the mains AC through rectifier circuits based on diodes and capacitors used as filters or as a voltage doubler or pulse modulator circuits and other arrangements, this in order to prevent harmonics generated by the power supply capacitors, which are used as needed according to required standards.
These inverter circuits consisting of two transistors have the same characteristics, which are connected in series between the positive terminal (±) and negative (−) power inverter, which lead alternative is in series with the lamp at the time driving and this is achieved by means of a small toroidal core transformer, the signal induced in its windings conduct alternately driving the transistors. The lamp is in turn connected in series with an inductor and a capacitor, which is achieved current response to a sinusoidal voltage and resonant frequency of the predetermined system.
These lamps have tungsten filaments mixed with alkaline oxides are placed at each end, and to emit electrons produced through the gas discharge containing the lamp. The temperature of these filaments in normal operation is 1100 degrees Celsius (Page R IES Lighting Handbook 8-19.), And are heated by the investor permanently ending the life of the lamp when the filaments cease to issue or are interrupted. The electric arc inside is made by the gases that mainly contains argon gas and the electric current increases the arc instantly gasified mercury, which also contains in its interior.
These investors have the advantage of not using output transformer for the lamp, because they exploit the advantages of today's transistors, which can be switched at high voltages (several hundred volts).
At present, these investors for their high efficiency and good response to the lamp, they tend to supply the incandescent bulb. It is easy to see that she is about to end the life of a lamp, one ends emits more red light flashes on the other, as the tungsten filament does not sublimate her in the same way, leading one over the other and so your downloads are not symmetrical, as well as the gas becomes more conductive by the sublimation of tungsten, reducing the voltage across the lamp, asymmetrical and discharging more often than those of normal operation.
This phenomenon may last several hours, whereas conventional electromagnetic ballast for this phenomenon is not important, especially for this type of investor is highly detrimental for the asymmetry and duration of discharge and which directly affect the operating cycle of its transistors. These discharges pass through the primary winding of the transformer reflected in alternating cycles of the driving transistors having asymmetry in the waveform, this overlap is reflected in the driving cycle of the transistors putting short circuit, be those directly connected between the positive and negative terminals of the inverter power and operate alternately. So, when the lamp is also merges merges the investor. In the U.S. Pat. Indicates that there are U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,268 to replace the electronic circuit with the lamp when it fails. In the invention: MX Pat. Pat. 1111901 CA 143143, U.S. Pat. No. 4,276,496, is an early investor only half-wave, where the consequences of this phenomenon of a malfunction of the lamp, are damped in this case based on negative feedback and a non-saturable core transformer however, the investor continues to oscillate with the lamp melted and reaches its output transistor to fail by heating.
The diagrams shown here help to understand as illustrative features of the invention:
Referring to
The operation of the starting circuit of the inverter is as follows: Once the circuit connected at the source of AC power at points 40 and 41, capacitors 38 and 39, due to the rectifier diodes 36 and 37 as known, between the point negative (−) 35 and, the positive (+) 34, there is a full-wave rectified voltage twice the voltage of AC power.
Based on the positive side (+) 34, the condenser 2, the filament 3, the condenser 4, and 6 both filament lamp 5, the inductance 7, the primary winding 19, the resistance 31 and the capacitor 30 closes the circuit at the negative (−) 35, and when the capacitor 30, is energized, the diac 32 is placed on letting conducting state current at the point 25 which is the base of the transistor 9, the issuer that is the point 10, and through the resistance 11, negative (−) 35. As the transistor 9, begins to conduct.
In order to give greater clarity to the investor behavior of this particular operation is considered in two stages: energizing stage and the stage of de-energization.
Once the driver to start driving transistor 9, In
In that instant you start the cycle of de-energizing reversing a principle known in the inverter currents
The stages of energizing and de-energization in the discharge of the lamp currents and voltages are sinusoidal, corresponding energizing phase inverter to the positive side of the sinusoid, and the stage of de-energizing the negative side. The system operating frequency is determined by the total value of capacitance and inductance that contain inverter circuits, and can be calculated using the formula known for resonant circuits.
As shown in
These lengthy downloads generate heat in the primary winding 19, in order to avoid these warm, this invention has a circuit of two high recovery diodes 14 and 15, whose anodes are directly connected respectively to the ends of primary winding 19, and cathodes which are linked together connected to a resistor 16, where its other end is directly connected to the negative potential of the circuit point 35, and thus is able to send negative (−) 35, more frequent discharges to the stipulated so the primary winding 19 can not induce enough voltage in the secondary winding 17 antagonist, so that it can generate enough current to make the transistor driver 1 and the condenser 2 and the condenser 4, can not be downloaded what the investor ceases to oscillate. For very low power lamps under 10 watts, heating of the primary winding 19, is not very strong so that cost savings can eliminate high recovery rectifiers 14 and 15 and the resistor 16, as the circuit ceases to operate due to the inductive reactance of the primary winding to the position of the resistance 31,
Once connected a new lamp button is pressed manually contact 33,
For the capacitors 2 and 4, remain energized and the inverter stops scrolling in case of malfunction of the lamp 5, it is necessary that the resistance 31, is connected across the primary winding 19, the inductance 7, strands 3 and 6, the lamp 5 and the capacitor 4 and 2, the positive (+) 34 in the old technology the resistance 31 is directly connected to the feeder pole 34 or 35, so the diac 32, will be sending impulses causing the transistor 9, the driver no matter what the discharge lamp, as investors continue swinging to prevent the transistor 9, stop driving discharging the capacitor 2 and the capacitor 4 through the transistor 1.
The characteristic high inductive reactance of the tubular core transformer
The capacitor 42 and inductor 27 form a filter to protect the inverter circuit on phenomena that occur in the line of AC power connected to points 40 and 41.
Values of a circuit illustrating the invention
We present two cases 17 Watts and 80 Watts to illustrate the scope that has the invention.
Voltage doubler to 120 volts AC power in both cases.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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MX/A/2009/012150 | Nov 2009 | MX | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/MX10/00041 | 5/20/2010 | WO | 00 | 10/26/2011 |