Patent Application
20060118612
The invention relates to the electronic marking of medication cartridges or the like.
The invention relates specifically to: A medium such as a cartridge, a carpule, a label or a package provided with one or more electronically readable information carrying areas.
The invention also relates to: A method of providing an electronically readable item of information on a medication cartridge.
The invention furthermore relates to: A medication cartridge with an information-providing source containing an electronically readable item of information.
The following account of the prior art relates to one of the areas of application of the present invention, the electronic marking of medication cartridges, carpules or packages.
In applications of medication delivery devices for self-treatment of a disease, e.g. diabetes, cartridges containing medication for a certain number of doses are mounted in the delivery device and exchanged with a new one when empty or when another medication is to be used according to the particular situation. It is of paramount importance that the medication used is the intended one, that it is not too old, that it has the correct concentration etc. Therefore the marking of the cartridge containing the medication has to be given special attention. To aid the user in achieving a satisfactory level of security in the use of a medication delivery device, a marking of the cartridge in addition to a traditional alphanumeric inscription has been introduced. Apart from information on the contents of the cartridge, the item of information may hold technical data on the type of cartridge, outlet dimension or other information of relevance to the medication delivery process.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,700 discloses a cartridge for containing a fluid and for use with an electronic delivery device which includes a cartridge housing for holding the fluid, and an information providing source. The information-providing source may be a set of wires and contacts, or contact bands that provide the predetermined information to an electronic delivery device by producing a binary code.
EP 0 911 859 A1, EP 0 690 457 A2 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,265,466 B1 disclosed different kinds of transparent conductors.
WO 00/42678 discloses the use of transparent electrostatic electrodes and transparent conductive material in combination with radio frequency identification. These electrodes are used in electronic surveillance systems, where it is possible to identify whether a marked object is passing a fixed location or not. These kinds of marking can be used for medical containers, where they are a part of an automatic process. This method has the setback that either a relatively expensive chip is needed in the marked object or otherwise it does not provide any information on the content, the expiry date etc, of the container, it only tells whether the object is passing a certain location or not.
The possible spill of drops of the medication from the medication cartridge may typically deteriorate the readability of the optically readable or electronically readable coded information on the cartridge due to chemical reactions. This calls for a method of marking which is robust and does not allow the introduction of errors in the interpretation of the coded information in case of minor deteriorations of the code in question.
WO 02/13133 discloses a method of providing an electronically readable item of information on a cartridge and how to transfer this information to an electronic circuit. The marking of the cartridge is in form of conductive structures/patterns on the surface. The pattern is divided into areas, encoding elements, each containing a piece of information. The marking can be detected by a sensor/contact array placed inside a drug delivery device such as an insulin pen injector or an insulin pump.
In one preferred embodiment the marking is placed at the cartridge label. Such a label is found on cartridges for durable delivery systems devices, where the used and emptied cartridges are continuously replaced with new cartridges. The label is the outermost surface of the cartridge and is therefore suitable for coupling with an array of sensing contact electrodes. The label contains printed text with information to the patient and health care personnel, for example drug type and concentration, as well as manufacturing and expiry date. In many cases most of the label area is covered by text due to regulatory demands on the required information.
If the conductive structures are placed on the label on top of the text, the reading of the printed text is likely to be disturbed. For reasons which are described below it is not possible to increase the size of the label. Therefore the marking must be confined to a small area on the cartridge surface, and preferably around the piston position of a full cartridge. In other words a certain area of the medication cartridge must be reserved to hosting an increasing amount of information.
Another remedy for avoiding errors and for making the user feel comfortable with the handling is that the drug contained in the medication cartridge is visible from outside, so that the user is able to check the color, the uniformity, whether impurities are present, etc. For this reason, as large a part of the surface of the medication cartridge as possible should be free of opaque items such as metallic conductors, which limit a user's view of the contents.
Further, there is a general trend to miniaturization of electronic devices including medication delivery devices, so that they are easy to carry and discreet in use.
It is important that the drug delivery device is able to read the information carrying areas without errors. A restricted information carrying area increases the information density of the marking and therefore increases the demand for the mechanical precision of the coupling between the marking and the contact array. These demands can be difficult to meet on mass produced cartridges, carpules or packages.
Therefore there is a need for an electronically readable marking which allows visual inspection of a cartridge, a carpule or a package, allows reading of a mandatory text and where the marking area is sufficiently large to overcome both problems with orientation of the container and sensibility of the sensor.
Thus, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of marking a medium.
The present invention is a new way of marking a medium such as cartridges, carpules, labels or any kind of package allowing both visual inspection of the content of the item and automatic identification of the content. In this invention transparent conductive material is used to form a pattern which is composed of smaller areas of conducting and/or non-conducting areas, and the patterns contain any desirable information e.g. the drug type, the concentration, the expiry date and etc.
The term transparent means that in a region of the light spectrum it is possible to see through the marking. The area of light, where the marking is transparent, is preferably the visible area of light. Alternatively the marking can additionally be transparent or non-transparent in the UV and/or IR area.
Hereby it is possible to have a label which can be put on any package, with the mandatory text, the area for visual inspection of the content of the item and still have a large area for the sensing contact electrodes.
With this new possibility of increasing the area of the electronically readable area, without limiting visual inspection of the content or having any impact on the reading of the text, the reading equipment does not need the same sensitivity and precision. Therefore cheaper sensing equipment can be used and the same degree of security is maintained.
Furthermore the orientation of the cartridge is no longer confined to have the previously small information area pointing towards the sensor arrays. Now it is possible if desired to print the information all over the cartridge, the carpule or the package and therefore there is no limitation to the orientation of the container.
This is achieved according to the invention in that said item of information is redundantly provided. In this way, a very simple method is provided that may be implemented in a multitude of ways, customized to each specific application.
In the present context, the term ‘cartridge’ is taken to mean a container for holding a liquid or powder or other matter of a size and weight that can be handled by hand. The cartridge may e.g. be a cartridge containing medication for use with a medication delivery system for self-treatment of a disease. The medication in the cartridge may e.g. be insulin for use with a pen-type injection system for treating diabetes.
The term ‘carpule’ is a special form of cartridges used for medical products.
In a preferred embodiment said item of information is provided at least once in a binary true and inverted form.
In the present context, the term ‘redundantly provided in a binary true and inverted form’ is taken to mean that the information is provided in a way that may be directly translated to a binary representation (e.g. 100110) and that the same item of information is provided in its true (e.g. 100110) and inverted (011001) form, yielding a redundancy that may be used to check the validity of the electronically read code. I.e. if e.g. one or more of the (‘should be’) inverted bits equals the corresponding bits of the true representation, an error is present. This check gives a higher degree of safety in interpreting the item of information in question which e.g. is important when the container is used for medication in connection with a person's self-treatment of a disease.
Apart from the above mentioned redundancy, each item of information (in its binary true or inverted forms) may be subject to standard error detecting measures, such as reserved bits for a parity check, a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) or the like, and/or error correcting measures.
When said item of information is provided in any one of its binary forms by forming electrically insulating and electrically conducting areas corresponding to the relevant state of each bit of information in predefined positions on the surface of the cartridge, it is ensured that a very simple, flexible and inexpensive method is provided.
When said medication cartridge has an axis of rotational symmetry, it is ensured that a reading procedure that is independent of the rotational orientation of the cartridge is possible. This makes the positioning procedure of the cartridge in the medication delivery device convenient for the user in that he or she does not have to think about its correct orientation in the circumferential direction, defined as a circumference on the surface of the cartridge in a direction perpendicular to the axis of symmetry (also termed the ‘radial direction’ in the following).
When said electrically insulating or electrically conducting areas fully or partially circumfere said axis of symmetry, thus defining two or more information carrying areas, each containing said item of information in its binary true or inverted form, on said cartridge, it is ensured that the reading of the information may be made independent of the radial orientation of the cartridge.
When said electrically insulating or electrically conducting areas are positioned in one or more longitudinal areas stretching in the direction of said axis of symmetry, each longitudinal area covering only a fraction of the circumference of said cartridge, thus defining two or more information carrying areas, each containing said item of information in its binary true or inverted form, on said cartridge, it is ensured that information carrying areas may be evenly distributed in the radial direction of the cartridge, and thereby making the reading of the information independent or nearly independent of the radial orientation of the cartridge.
When said item of information is provided in any one of its binary forms by applying electrically insulating areas to predefined positions on an electrically conducting foil, said foil being positioned on said cartridge, it is ensured that a very simple and convenient method of adding an electronically readable item of information to a cartridge is provided, which method is well suited for mass production.
When said item of information is read by applying a voltage to said electrically conducting foil, said voltage corresponding to the supply voltage of one of the logic levels of a digital processing circuit, and by connecting each predefined position on the foil electrically with inputs to a digital processing circuit, it is ensured that a very simple and inexpensive method is provided that may take a variety of forms, customized to each specific application. It further has the advantage that no additional components or extra, customized wiring on the cartridge is necessary in order to define and electronically read a specific item of information.
When said inputs to the digital processing circuit are provided with pull-up or pull-down circuitry according to which of the supply voltages of the logic levels of said digital processing circuit is applied to said electrically conducting foil, it is ensured that a simple and easily producible scheme is provided.
When said inputs to the digital processing circuit may be selectably provided with either pull-up or pull-down circuitry according to which of the supply voltages of the logic levels of said digital processing circuit is correspondingly selectably applied to said electrically conducting foil, said selection being controlled by said digital processing unit, it is ensured that the probability of falsely reading the item of information in question is reduced.
When the redundant information from two or more information carrying areas on the cartridge is transferred to a contact area that is connected to a processing circuit by supporting means for the cartridge, the supporting means being at least partially constituted by two or more electrically connecting supports, each comprising a number of closely spaced mutually electrically insulated conductors embedded in an electrically insulating material that stretches from one of the supporting surfaces of the cartridge to a contact area for receiving and transferring the information to said processing circuit, when said cartridge is positioned in said support, it is ensured that a flexible method of simultaneously supporting the cartridge and transferring the information from the cartridge to a contact area for further processing is introduced.
When each of said two or more electrically connecting supports is constituted by alternating layers of electrically conducting material of maximum thickness Tcl and electrically insulating material of maximum thickness Til, respectively, it is ensured that a method well suited for transferring a high information density is disclosed. By controlling the dimensions of the layer thicknesses and the corresponding geometries of the contact area and the information carrying areas, the information density may be controlled, i.e. by shrinking the layer thicknesses, the information density may be increased. By using the transparent conductors, where a large coding area is possible, the thickness can be significantly larger than with the traditional conductors. The support is therefore cheaper to produce or alternatively a greater accuracy in the detection can be achieved.
When said alternating layers are made of elastic materials, it may be ensured that the electrically connecting supports conform to the shape of the cartridge when the cartridge is positioned in the support with a certain minimum pressure. I.e. it makes the support even more flexible and relaxes the tolerances to its conformity with the cartridge and with the contact area (e.g. pads on a printed circuit board (PCB) for connecting to a processing circuit on the PCB).
A medication cartridge with an information-providing source containing an electronically readable item of information is moreover provided by the present invention. When said item of information is redundantly provided at least once by applying electrically insulating and electrically conducting areas corresponding to the relevant state of each bit of information in predefined positions on the surface of the cartridge, it is ensured that a cartridge containing an electronically readable item of information implemented in a simple way is provided, which cartridge is well suited for being part of a system that requires a high safety in information transfer, such as e.g. a medication delivery system for self-treatment of a disease.
When said item of information is formed on a self-adhesive carrier positioned on the surface of the cartridge, it is ensured that a simple and convenient means for providing an item of information to a cartridge is provided.
In a preferred embodiment said cartridge has an axis of rotational symmetry.
In a preferred embodiment information carrying areas containing said item of information in its true and inverted forms, respectively, are positioned side by side in the direction of said axis of symmetry of said cartridge.
In a preferred embodiment information carrying areas containing said item of information in its true and inverted forms, respectively, are positioned side by side in the direction of a circumference of said axis of symmetry of said cartridge.
In a preferred embodiment information carrying areas are in form or larger and smaller areas. A combination of areas e.g. two small areas followed by a large (see
When information carrying areas containing said item of information in its true and inverted forms, respectively, appear alternating a multitude of times in a direction of a circumference of said axis of symmetry of said cartridge, it is ensured that the same item of information is provided redundantly and repeatedly, which potentially facilitates the reading process. Furthermore, when a rotational symmetry is introduced, a reading procedure that is independent of the rotational orientation of the cartridge is possible.
When said item of information is provided in any of its binary forms by applying electrically insulating areas in predefined positions on the surface of an electrically conducting foil positioned on said cartridge in such a way that an electrically insulating area is applied at those predefined positions representing one predefined binary state, and an electrically conductive area is provided at those predefined positions representing the complementary binary state, it is ensured that a simple, flexible and economic configuration for electrically transferring an item of information from a cartridge to a processing means is provided.
When said item of electronically readable information is provided on the cartridge in an optically readable form, it is ensured that the item of information included on the cartridge for being electronically read may be read also directly by a user and/or by an optical scanner. Optionally the marking can be done with a material which is transparent in the area of visible light and gives a response in the UV or IR area of light. Hereby a transparent marking which is optically readable is obtained.
A support for a medication cartridge provided with an electronically readable item of information is furthermore provided. When said item of information being redundantly provided at least once by forming at least two information carrying areas containing electrically insulating and electrically conducting areas corresponding to the relevant state of each bit of information in predefined positions on the surface of said cartridge, and said support for the cartridge is at least partially constituted by two or more electrically connecting supports, each comprising a number of closely spaced mutually electrically insulated conductors embedded in an electrically insulating material that stretches from one of the supporting surfaces of the cartridge to a contact area for receiving and transferring the information to a processing circuit, when said cartridge is positioned in said support, it is ensured that the item of information on the cartridge may be transferred to an electronic circuit via an ‘adapter’ that may be adjusted to the particular embodiment of the cartridge and the physical device which it is part of.
When each of said two or more electrically connecting supports is constituted by alternating layers of electrically conducting material of maximum thickness Tcl and electrically insulating material of maximum thickness Til, respectively, it is ensured that a simple and flexible solution is provided. By controlling the thicknesses of the two layer types, the maximum density of information may be controlled.
When said cartridge has an axis of rotational symmetry, and said contact area consists of groups of identical and regularly spaced electrically conducting pads of width Wcp in the direction of adjacent pads, adjacent pads being separated by an electrically insulating area of width Diacp, and the following relations between said distances are fulfilled:
Diacp>2*Tcl, and
Wcp>Til+Tcl,
it is ensured that the electrical states of adjacent (possibly abutted) predefined positions are not transferred to the same pad (Diacp>2*Tcl), and that at least one conducting layer contacts any given pad (Wcp>Til+Tcl).
When said cartridge has an axis of rotational symmetry, and said cartridge is provided with a multitude of rectangular, essentially parallel, identically sized information carrying areas of height Hica in the direction of a circumference of said axis of symmetry, said information carrying areas being spaced with equal mutual distance Dica along the periphery of the cartridge in the direction of a circumference of said axis of symmetry, and said supporting means comprise two rectangular, essentially parallel, identical electrically connecting supports of height Hctm in the direction perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the cartridge, separated by an electrically insulating volume of width Dctm between the two electrically connecting supports, and the following relations between said distances are fulfilled:
Hica<Dctm<2*Hica+Dica, and
Hctm<Dica<2*Hctm+Dctm,
it is ensured that the cartridge cannot be positioned in such a way that a given information carrying area has contact to two electrically connecting supports at the same time (Hica<Dctm). It is further ensured that the cartridge cannot be positioned in such a way that a given electrically connecting support has contact to two information carrying areas at the same time (Hctm<Dica). It is further ensured that the cartridge cannot be positioned in such a way that the electrically connecting supports fall entirely between two information carrying areas, in which case they would not have contact to any of the information carrying areas of the cartridge (Dica<2*Hctm+Dctm). It is further ensured that the cartridge cannot be positioned in such a way that two adjacent information carrying areas fall entirely between the electrically connecting supports, in which case the latter might not have contact to any of the information carrying areas of the cartridge (Dctm<2*Hica+Dica).
When said information carrying areas of height Hica each consists of electrically conducting and electrically insulating rectangular patches provided at said predefined positions on said cartridge according to a binary representation of said item of information, said patches having a width Wpda abut each other, and the sum of the maximum thicknesses Tcl and Til of said alternating layers of electrically conducting and electrically insulating materials, respectively, constituting said electrically connecting supports, is less than the width Wpda of said patches, thus fulfilling the following relation between said distances:
Wpda>Til+Tcl,
it is ensured that each patch has contact to at least one of the conducting layers of an electrically connecting support when the cartridge is properly placed in the support.
The invention will be explained more fully below in connection with a preferred embodiment and with reference to the drawings in which:
.a-2.e show various ways of laying out the electrically conducting and electrically insulating areas in predefined positions within an information carrying area, implementing a binary representation of an item of information in its true and inverted form,
.a-5.c show various geometries of an electrically connecting support according to the invention,
The figures are schematic and simplified for clarity, and they just show details, which are essential to the understanding of the invention, while other details are left out. In general, the reference numerals of a given drawing start with the number of that drawing, i.e. in
The present invention concerns the marking of a medium such as cartridges, carpules, labels or packages with a transparent conducting pattern e.g. in form of a matrix. The pattern has subunits which contain any kind of information and can be read by a sensor array e.g. in form of a contact electrode/contact electrodes. The measure can be done by, but are not limited to, a galvanic method.
A galvanic method has the advantage that it is easy, the sensing equipment is cheap, and there is a reduced risk of reading errors.
The item can be marked with the pattern in a number of ways. One way is to print the conductive pattern directly on the container as the outermost layer.
Another possibility is to print the transparent conductive pattern on a label, where said label can be either transparent or non-transparent. In case of being non-transparent, the label could first be, but is not limited to, printed with the mandatory text and then afterwards marked with the transparent pattern. In case of a transparent label, the label could be, but is not limited to, used as the outermost label optionally covering another label which has the mandatory text written on it. Since the conductor is transparent it is possible to read any text though the marking, just as it is possible to perform the visual inspection of the item.
Optionally the transparent conductive pattern is designed with an increased resistance to the rubbing and the general touching made both by man and equipment during use.
According to the invention there is provided a cartridges, a carpule or a package marked with a transparent conductor forming a pattern of elements suitable for encoding for the content of the item.
Furthermore, the invention provides a cartridge, a carpule or a package comprising a label marked with a transparent conductor forming a pattern of elements suitable for encoding for the content of the item.
The transparent conductive pattern can comprise transparent conductive polymers; e.g. Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrendesulphonate (PEDOT-PSS), polymers with networks of bis(ethylenedioxy) tetrathiafulvelene (BEDO-TFF)—iodine or bromine salt such as α-BEDO-TFF2I3, β-BEDO-TFF2I3, BEDO-TFF2.4I3 etc.; thin layers of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) optionally mixed with one or more thin layer of silver. Furthermore, the transparent conductive pattern can contain conductive nanotubes dispersed in a polymer binder, noble metal particles with a size in the range 1-100 nm disposed in a polymeric binder as well as proton-doped polyanilin.
In another embodiment the pattern is provided by creating a transparent conductive film/coating, and then etching regions of the film/coating with an agent capable of destroying the conductive layer. The etching agent can be, but is not limited to, a combination of acid and an oxidizing agent, e.g. hydrochloric acid and CUCl2.
The invention therefore also provides a process for producing a transparent conductor with elements suitable for storing information comprising the steps:
Coating at least a part of a surface with a transparent conductor patterning with etching.
Optionally the transparent conductor is printed upon with resist before the etching, and the resist is removed afterwards by a cleaner, e.g. alkaline solutions, preferably a strong alkali solution.
Preferably the patterning results in the surface being divided into conducting areas and non-conducting areas.
Optionally the etching agent can be a laser which removes the predetermined areas of the transparent conductor.
This invention is especially useful for marking medical containers such as cartridges, carpules and the like. The present invention makes it possible to have automatic checking of the content of the item, with a much cheaper and less sensitive device and at the same time have the possibility of a visual check of the content of the item.
The information can be stored in almost unlimited combinations of conducting and non-conducting areas. The invention is not limited to the methods described below, these are only intended for illustrative purposes.
.a shows two information carrying areas 101, 102 positioned side by side in a radial direction on the surface of the cartridge (i.e. along the periphery perpendicular to the axis of symmetry). Each information carrying area covers only a limited radial sector of the surface.
.b shows two information carrying areas 103, 104 positioned side by side in the axial direction on the surface of the cartridge (i.e. along the periphery parallel to the axis of symmetry). Each information carrying area covers only a limited radial sector of the surface.
.c shows two information carrying areas 105, 106 positioned side by side in the axial direction on the surface of the cartridge (i.e. along the periphery parallel to the axis of symmetry). Each information carrying area encircles the entire radial periphery of the cartridge.
In each of
.d shows information carrying areas 110, 111, 112, 113, 114 positioned side by side, evenly distributed in a radial direction on the surface of the cartridge (i.e. along the periphery perpendicular to the axis of symmetry). Each information carrying area covers only a limited radial sector of the surface. Information carrying areas 110, 111, 112, 113, 114 plus identical ones situated on the hidden part of the surface are evenly distributed on the surface of the cartridge in a radial direction, i.e. extending along the whole periphery encircling the axial direction of the cartridge.
.e-1.f show a cartridge 10 with an axis of rotational symmetry 11 and information carrying areas concentrated to an area 120 corresponding to a limited radial sector 121 of the cartridge 10.
.e shows information carrying areas 115 and 116 side by side in axial direction and extending along the major part of the axial length of the cartridge. The information carrying areas are located within a surface area 120 corresponding to a radial sector 121.
.f shows information carrying areas 117 and 118 side by side in radial direction and extending along the major part of the axial length of the cartridge. The information carrying areas are located within a surface area 120 corresponding to a radial sector 121.
In
.a-2.e show various ways of laying out the electrically conducting and electrically insulating areas in predefined positions within an information carrying area, implementing a binary representation of an item of information in its true and inverted form.
In each of
.a shows an embodiment with two information carrying areas 20, 21 located side by side in a direction perpendicular to the direction 205 defined by adjacent predefined positions. Each individual bit of information is implemented as a patch of electrically conducting 211 (no filling) or electrically insulating 201 (hatched) material located at a specific predefined position of the information carrying area. Neighboring patches abut each other. The structure of information carrying areas 20, 21 may e.g. be used in
.b shows an embodiment with two information carrying areas 22, 23 located side by side in a direction perpendicular to the direction 225 defined by adjacent predefined positions. Each individual bit of information is implemented as a patch of electrically conducting 231 (no filling) or electrically insulating 221 (hatched) material located at a specific predefined position of the information carrying area. Neighboring patches are separated by an ‘empty’ space 220, 230 of width equal to the width of each of the information carrying patches 221, 231. The ‘empty’ space may consist of an electrically conducting or insulating layer (as long as the pads on the PCB (cf. 763, 764 on
.c shows an embodiment with two information carrying areas 24, 25 located side by side in a direction 245 defined by adjacent predefined positions. Each individual bit of information is implemented as a patch of electrically conducting 251 (no filling) or electrically insulating 241 (hatched) material located at a specific predefined position of the information carrying area. Neighboring patches abut each other. The structure of information carrying areas 24, 25 may e.g. be used in
.d shows an embodiment with two information carrying areas 26, 27 located side by side in a direction 265 defined by adjacent predefined positions. Each individual bit of information is implemented as a patch of electrically conducting 262, 271 (no filling) or electrically insulating 261, 272 (hatched) material located at a specific predefined position of the information carrying area. Neighboring patches abut each other. The structure of information carrying areas 26, 27 may e.g. be used in
.e shows an embodiment with two information carrying areas 28, 29 located side by side in a direction perpendicular to the direction 285 defined by adjacent predefined positions. Each individual bit of information is implemented as a patch of electrically conducting 291 (no filling) or electrically insulating 281 (hatched) material located at a specific predefined position of the information carrying area. Neighboring patches abut each other. The structure of information carrying areas 28, 29 may e.g. be used in
.a and 3.b show labels according to the invention with a multitude of information carrying areas containing electrically conducting and electrically insulating areas in predefined positions.
.a shows a self-adhesive label 30 consisting of a carrier foil 31 provided with information carrying areas 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, each containing an item of information in its binary true or inverted form. Each information carrying area consists of a rectangular electrically conducting base, to which layers of electrically insulating rectangular patches (hatched) 312, 332, 352, 372 are added in predefined positions. The true and inverted forms appear alternatingly along the radial direction of the carrier. The binary representation of the information-in information carrying area 340 is, for example, the inverse of that in 350 as indicated by corresponding bits 342 and 352, respectively, being each others inverse (342 is illustrated with no filling, indicating an electrically conducting patch, and 352 is hatched, indicating an electrically insulating patch). One predefined position 311, 321, 331, 341, 351, 361, 371 in each information carrying area 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, respectively, is reserved for applying a power supply voltage.
.b shows a preferred embodiment of a self-adhesive label 35 consisting of an electrically conducting carrier foil 36 provided with information carrying areas 315, 325, 335, 345, 355, 365, 375, each containing an item of information in its binary true or inverted form. Each information carrying area consists of patterns of rectangular patches of electrically conducting 357, 366 (no filling) and electrically insulating patches 356, 367 (hatched) added in predefined positions. All predefined positions are illustrated for areas 355 and 365, where each electrically conducting patch (being just a predefined ‘empty’ position on the electrically conducting foil) is indicated by a dotted boundary line. For the other information carrying areas, only the electrically insulating patches are specifically indicated. The true and inverted forms appear alternatingly along the radial direction of the carrier. The binary representation of the information in information carrying area 355 is, for example, the inverse of that in 365 as indicated by corresponding bits (356, 366) and (357, 367), respectively, being each others inverse. A predefined area 37 of the foil is reserved for applying a power supply voltage.
.a-5.c show various geometries of an electrically connecting support according to the invention.
Common for
.a shows an embodiment of an electrically connecting support 50, where the thickness Til 530 of the insulating layer 53 is larger than the thickness Tcl 540 of the conducting layer 54. The patches 51 of the information carrying area are shown to be of equal width Wpda 510 and to abut each other. The pads 52 on the PCB are shown to have equal width Wcp 520 and to be evenly distributed with a distance Diacp 521 between each pad.
.b shows an embodiment of an electrically connecting support 50, where the thickness Til of the insulating layer 53 is smaller than the thickness Tcl of the conducting layer 54.
.c shows an embodiment of an electrically connecting support 50, where the thickness Til of the insulating layer 53 equals the thickness Tcl of the conducting layer 54.
The relation Diacp>2*Tcl makes sure that the electrical states of adjacent information carrying patches on the cartridge are not transferred to the same pad in the contact area under the assumption that the border between adjacent patches is located at a position ‘corresponding to midway between two pads’. The fulfillment of the relation Wcp>Til+Tcl ensures that at least one conducting layer contacts any given pad. Correspondingly, the fulfillment of the relation Wpda>Til+Tcl ensures that each patch has contact to at least one of the conducting layers of an electrically connecting support, when the cartridge is properly placed in the support.
In
The relations reflect the minimum distances of pads and patches and between pads and thus for given layer thicknesses determine the information density (minimum width per bit).
In
The following geometric relations between the information carrying areas positioned on a cartridge and the electrically connecting supports 61, 62 of a support according to the invention for the cartridge are preferred:
Hica<Dctm<2*Hica+Dica, and
Hctm<Dica<2*Hctm+Dctm, where
Hica=Height 67 of information carrying areas
Dica=Distance 68 between information carrying areas
Hctm=Height 65 of electrically connecting supports
Dctm=Distance 66 between electrically connecting supports.
Hica<Dctm ensures that the cartridge cannot be positioned in such a way that a given information carrying area has contact to two electrically connecting supports at the same time.
Hctm<Dica ensures that the cartridge cannot be positioned in such a way that a given electrically connecting support has contact to two information carrying areas at the same time.
Dica<2*Hctm+Dctm ensures that the cartridge cannot be positioned in such a way that the electrically connecting supports fall entirely between two information carrying areas, in which case they would not have contact to any of the information carrying areas of the cartridge.
Dctm<2*Hica+Dica ensures that the cartridge cannot be positioned in such a way that two adjacent information carrying areas fall entirely between the electrically connecting supports, in which case the latter might not have contact to any of the information carrying areas of the cartridge.
In a preferred embodiment, the following relation is fulfilled (in addition to the above mentioned relations between Dctm, Hctm, Dica, Hica), Dctm+Hctm=Dica+Hica, which ensures that the electrically connecting supports 61, 62 will have contact to two of the information carrying areas irrespective of the radial orientation of the cartridge in the support.
A support according to the invention has the combined function of receiving and mechanically supporting a part of the cartridge provided with information carrying areas AND of transferring the information from these information carrying areas to an electronic circuit for further processing.
In
The label 72 comprises an electrically conducting foil 720 having information carrying areas 721-727 extending in the axial direction of the cartridge. In
Each of the information carrying areas contain an item of information in the form of patterns of electrically conducting and electrically insulating areas. Each pattern represents an item of information in binary form. Each bit of information is represented by an electrically characteristic layer in a predefined position in the information carrying area. A binary one in a specific predefined position may be represented by an electrically conducting layer covering that predefined position, and a binary zero in a specific predefined position may be represented by an electrically insulating layer covering that predefined position. Alternatively, binary one may be represented by an insulating layer and binary zero by a conducting layer.
Because the foil 720 containing the information carrying areas is electrically conducting, it is only necessary to apply an electrically insulating layer (e.g. a paint) to the predefined positions representing one of the a binary states (in this embodiment ‘zero’).
In
In the embodiments of
In an operating configuration, the support is placed (and optionally fastened) on the PCB 760 so that electrical contact between the electrically connecting supports 751, 752 and the pads 763, 764 is ensured. The cartridge is positioned on the support so that electrical contact between two of the information carrying areas in their full axial lengths (i.e. involving all patches of a given information carrying area representing bits of information) and the electrically connecting supports is ensured. The geometrical dimensions of the patches, layers and pads and mutual distance between adjacent information carrying areas on the cartridge and corresponding electrically connecting supports are discussed above with reference to
By applying a specific electric potential to the electrically conducting foil, this potential will be transferred from those predefined areas containing a conductive layer (i.e. in the present embodiment those predefined areas not being covered by an insulating layer) to the corresponding pads on the PCB. Via the connecting circuitry, a direct measure of the pattern of binary states of the information carrying area connected to the pads by a given electrically connecting support is presented on the inputs of the processing unit, possibly by appropriately terminating the inputs with pull-up or pull-down circuitry depending on the potential applied to the electrically conducting foil and the definition of the binary states. A specific part of the foil may be preferably reserved to the application of the electric potential (e.g. an area of the foil circumfering the cartridge and not occupied by information carrying areas, in
The support is only shown as having an axial length corresponding to the axial length of the corresponding information carrying areas (e.g. 725 in
In
The electrical connections, schematically indicated by an arrow 762, connecting the pads 763, 764 with the processing unit 761 may be a one to one parallel set of electrical connections between each pad and a corresponding input on the processor, but it may also comprise a multiplexing or coding unit to reduce the number of necessary inputs to the processing unit.
In the embodiment in
The rotational symmetry of the cartridge has the benefit that it only requires the user to position the cartridge properly in a radial direction (possibly involving a slight rotation of the cartridge around its axis of symmetry) to ensure that an electrical contact between one of the information carrying areas and the electrically connecting support is present (since the positioning in an axial direction may be mechanically ensured by the receiving means for the cartridge). The control of the cartridge being correctly positioned may be in the hands of the processing unit, which, if necessary, may indicate to the user via a display or a voice interface that a corrective action is required, and which may block further use of the device, if the cartridge is not correctly positioned.
The embodiment of
.a-8.b show an example of a cartridge and a support according to the invention comprising three electrically connecting supports made of elastic materials.
.a shows a cartridge 81 having an axis of rotational symmetry 82 being positioned just above a support 80 comprising three individual electrically connecting supports 801, 802, 803 ready for receiving the cartridge. The cartridge is provided with information carrying areas positioned on the cartridge along its radial periphery with a spacing corresponding to the geometry of the electrically connecting supports. The space between the electrically connecting supports may be filled with an insulating material (e.g. silicone rubber), not shown.
In
The three items of information that may be simultaneously read may be identical, in which case the redundancy may be used to improve the safety in reading (by a simple majority test or by more advanced error correcting techniques).
Optionally a different coding method can be used to store the desired information. In this method the information is stored in a matrix of conductors which by a galvanic method can be translated to a binary code.
Optionally the information carrying matrix can be repeated in order to provide the information redundantly, preferably the repeating times is a whole number but not limited to this. By repeating the matrix it is ensured that only a part of the container, cartridge or carpule needs to be in contact with the sensing array.
In a preferred embodiment the matrix or repeated number of matrixes is aligned at a predetermined distance from a terminal surface of container, cartridge or carpule.
Optionally the matrix contains an element designating the starting position for the coding. In an alternative embodiment, which can be used in any coding method, the container, cartridge or carpule is provided with means to ensure a certain orientation of the item. These means can optionally be in form of a code top as shown in
The information carrying matrix is composed to elements of a predetermined size. Each element of the matrix can contain a conducting part, a non-conducting part or both. The elements may optionally overlap each other. By adjusting the dimensions of the sensing equipment to the dimensions of the elements composing the matrix it can be assured that the conductors have at least one contact point to the sensors and that an optionally applied conduction band only touches the desired conductors.
The information stored in the matrix can be increased by increasing the matrix. Hereby it is possible to repeat the information and hereby diminish possible reading errors or simply have more information stored in the matrix. By increasing the number of cells in the width of the matrix the system of notation can be increased from binary to triary and so on. By increasing the number of cells in the height of the matrix the amount digits can be increased.
Some preferred embodiments have been shown in the foregoing, but it should be stressed that the invention is not limited to these, but may be embodied in other ways within the subject-matter defined in the following claims.
One way to carry out the marking of the cartridges is described in the following. A printing facility receives clear, transparent polyester foil delivered in rolls from a supplier. The polyester is delivered with clear adhesive and a protective paper carrier applied on the backside of the polyester foil. The adhesive is strongly attached to the polyester and is weakly attached to the carrier paper. This makes it possible to separate the polyester with the attached adhesive from the carrier paper and later to apply and attach the polyester to the surface of a product. In one process line the written information and the conductive polymer are applied on the frontside of the polyester foil by a suitable printing technique such as screen printing or rotaflex printing. Also, the roll of polyester is cut into separate labels by knife tools that only penetrate and cut the polyester but not the carrier paper. These finished adhesive labels on a carrier paper roll are obtained. The text is printed with conventional printing pastes. The conductive, transparent polymer is obtained from for example AGFA-GEVAERT in Belgium that delivers printing paste formulations under the trademark ORGACON. The rolls are then transferred to a labelling facility that applies the labels on glass cartridges. The glass cartridges have been filled with drug prior to the labelling.
A printing facility produces a roll of labels with text printed onto it and with adhesive and carrier paper on the backside. This roll is referred to as the first roll. The first roll is equivalent to example one, however the conductive structures have not been applied on it. The front side of a second roll of clear polyester is covered entirely with indium tin oxide (ITO) in a suitable plasma coating facility, for example as found at Fraunhofer Institut for Electronenstrahl und Plasmatechnik, Dresden, Germany. The second roll is structured by means of aqueous etching as it is known from manufacturing of flexible electronic wireboards, as produced by Mekoprint, Randers, Denmark and many others. The structuring is accomplished by covering the second roll by resist applied by screen printing and then leading the roll through etching processes comprising etching of the part of the indium tin oxide coating, which is not covered by resist, in a solution of hydrochloric acid and cupric chloride or another suitable acidic and oxidizing environment followed by removal of the resists by strong alkali solution. Adhesive and carrier paper is then applied to the backside of the second polyester roll. The roll is cut to individual labels by a knife tool as described in example one. Alignment of the patterning of the ITO structures and the following cutting can be accomplished by means of a series of mechanical alignment holes that penetrate the foil. These holes are cut as a part of the resist application and are later available for the alignment of the knife tool versus the roll during cutting of the labels. The first and second rolls are then transferred to the labelling facilities that firstly apply labels from the first roll on the medical cartridge, secondly apply the labels from the second roll on the medical cartridge. In this way a cartridge is obtained, where a mainly transparent label with text printed onto it is attached to the medical cartridge which is furthermore covered with a transparent label that contains conductive structures placed as the outer-most cylindrical surface of the finished cartridge product.
In the following text height and vertical direction of structures on the cylindrical surface of the cartridge and the contact array refer to an axis that follows the round-going circumference of the cylinder, whereas width and horizontal directions refer to an axis that follows the cylindrical axis, as indicated on
A cell on the cartridge surface is defined to have the following dimensions:
Height= 1/16 of the circumference=π*11.2 mm divided by 16=2.2 mm
Width=7.5 mm
One cell can contain one bit of information. The bit value depends on how the conductor is printed in the cell. The conductor in
The matrix with 3 times 16 cells shown in
Electrical tension on A conductors is applied. For each sensing area it is measured whether a tension is applied through the cell on the cartridge. The results are stored as reading A related to each sensing area.
Electrical tension on B conductors is then applied. For each sensing area it is again measured whether a tension is applied through the cell on the cartridge. The results are stored as reading B related to each sensing area.
Now, the A and B readings can be used to calculate whether each sensing area is coupled to either ONES or ZEROS. In-the case of the second columns in
To transform the sensing readings to an 8 bit long information string, the position of the information mark in the first columns of
Table 1 describes how certain combinations of A and B readings are interpreted as erroneous readings. The ZERO-ZERO and ONE-ONE readings can be used to detect either lack of contacts or short-circuits in the contact between the contact array and the conductive patterns. This is relevant if the conductive patterns have been damaged by scratches or polluted with non-conductive matter. The occurrence of ZERO-ZERO readings can also be caused by sensing areas that are positioned in the non-conductive void between the conductive areas of two cells. The detection of such ZERO-ZERO readings can be involved an algorithm that transforms the sensing area readings to a string of bits by discarding the set of rows of sensing readings that is encumbered with a significant number of erroneous readings.
The previous example gave a method that was able to read the matrix of conductive structures independently of the rotational orientation of the cartridge. However, a structure, called a code top, placed at the end of the cartridge can restrict the allowed positions of the cartridge versus the code reader (
More simple designs of cells and contact arrays that do not contain the explained A and B readings can be utilized.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA 2003 00448 | Mar 2003 | DK | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/DK04/00199 | Mar 2004 | US |
| Child | 11232469 | Sep 2005 | US |
