Patent Grant
9640152
The present disclosure generally relates to a mute apparatus for a musical instrument enabled to electronically modify and reproduce the sound produced by the instrument and related methods.
A mute for a musical instrument is a device fitted to the instrument to change the sound produced by the instrument, such as by altering the timbre and/or reducing the volume of the sound. For brass instruments such as trumpets, tubas, bugles, and trombones, a mute body is inserted into or attached to the bell of the instrument to block and absorb at least some of the sound coming through the bell opening. In some of these mutes, the absorption of sound may change the tone, may introduce mute-generated effects such as “wah-wah” or buzzing, or may emphasize a range of pitches coming from the instrument (e.g., enhanced treble). Musicians may also use mutes to reduce sound levels for more discreet practice sessions. Many mutes are simply attached to or held stationary in the bell, and others are manipulated by the musician to dynamically change the sound, such as, for example, a plunger mute that is cupped in the musician's hand and flapped against and away from the bell while the instrument is in use.
In conventional mutes, there are clear limits on the types of sounds that may be created. These limits may be based on the acoustic properties of the mute and the instrument itself. In order to control or change the sound coming from the instrument, the musician must manipulate the mute or exchange it. This may be difficult or impossible to do quickly and reliably, such as while performing or while the mute is inserted into a difficult to reach part of the instrument, such as within a tuba horn. Having multiple mutes for the same instrument may also be expensive and may take up additional space in carrying cases and other limited spaces. Furthermore, there is a wide variety of electronic sounds and filters that cannot be produced using existing mutes. There is, therefore, a present need for improvements in musical instrument mutes.
One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a musical instrument mute. The mute may comprise a mute body positionable within a bell or horn of a musical instrument, wherein the body may have a proximal end portion and may be configured to at least partially occlude the bell or horn. A microphone may be positioned at the proximal end portion of the mute body and configured to transduce a sound produced by the musical instrument. A speaker may be positioned in the mute body, and a microcontroller may be configured to receive a signal from the microphone and may electronically modify the sound of the instrument when emitted through the speaker.
In some embodiments, the mute body may completely occlude the bell or horn of the musical instrument. The proximal end portion of the mute body may be at least partially conical. The mute body may be attachable to the musical instrument using a friction fit, interference fit, or negative pressure fit. A distal end portion of the mute body may comprise a rotatable ring configured to provide control of the microcontroller. The rotatable ring may extend circumferentially around the distal end portion of the mute body. The mute may further comprise a sensor configured to detect the position of the rotatable ring relative to the mute body.
A distal end portion of the mute body may comprise a plurality of rotatable rings configured to control the electronic modification of the sound of the musical instrument by the microcontroller. A gyroscopic sensor may also be included in the mute, and the microcontroller may be configured to electronically modify the sound of the musical instrument based on a signal received from the gyroscopic sensor. An accelerometer may also be included in the mute, and the microcontroller may be configured to electronically modify the sound of the musical instrument based on a signal received from the accelerometer. A barometric pressure sensor may be included in the mute as well, wherein the microcontroller may be configured to electronically modify the sound of the musical instrument based on a signal received from the barometric pressure sensor. The musical instrument mute may further comprise a wireless transceiver connected to the microcontroller and configured to receive control signals that are configured to control the microcontroller.
The mute body may be positionable within the bell or horn of a brass or woodwind instrument. The musical instrument mute may further comprise an outer microphone positioned on the mute body and configured to transduce a sound produced external to the musical instrument. Electronic modification of the sound of the instrument may comprise recording a first sound of the instrument and emitting the first sound through the speaker. This first sound may be emitted on a loop. The musical instrument mute may further comprise a lighted indicator configured to indicate settings of the microcontroller or to indicate characteristics of the sound generated by the musical instrument. The mute body may comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced pads at least partially insertable into the bell or horn.
In another aspect of the disclosure, a musical instrument mute system is provided, comprising a mute body attachable to a musical instrument, wherein the mute body has a microphone and a speaker. A microcontroller may be connected to the microphone and configured to electronically modify the sound of the instrument when emitted through the speaker. A wireless transceiver may be connected to the microcontroller, wherein the wireless transceiver may be configured to receive a control signal from a remote device. The microcontroller may electronically modify the sound of the instrument based on the control signal from the remote device.
The musical instrument mute system may further comprise the remote device. This remote device may be another musical instrument mute having another wireless transceiver. The remote device may also be a remote controller. The remote device may comprise at least one gyroscopic sensor, accelerometer, or barometric pressure sensor. The remote device may also comprise a foot pedal. The remote device may be attachable to the musical instrument. A microphone may be positioned on the mute body to be inserted into the musical instrument and the speaker may be positioned on the mute body to emit sound external to the musical instrument.
In yet another aspect of the disclosure, a musical instrument having a mute apparatus is set forth. The musical instrument may have a bell or horn and an interior space within the bell or horn. The mute may be positioned within the bell or horn. A microphone may be positioned within the interior space of the musical instrument, and a processor may be configured to receive a signal from the microphone and to generate an electronic reproduction of the signal. A speaker positioned on the mute and connected to the processor may be used to emit the electronic reproduction of the signal.
In some arrangements, the musical instrument may be a brass or woodwind instrument.
In another aspect of the disclosure, a method of controlling an electronic mute for a musical instrument is provided. The method may comprise providing a musical instrument and an electronic mute insertable into the musical instrument, the electronic mute having a sensor, inserting the electronic mute into the musical instrument, detecting, via the sensor, the position of the electronic mute relative to the musical instrument, and enabling or disabling a feature of the electronic mute based on the position of the electronic mute relative to the musical instrument.
In some embodiments, the sensor may comprise an accelerometer and the position of the electronic mute may be determined by detecting movement of the electronic mute via the accelerometer. The sensor may also be a pressure-activated switch, wherein the position of the electronic mute may be determined by contact pressure between the electronic mute and the musical instrument being transduced by the pressure-activated switch.
In another embodiment, the sensor may be a proximity sensor and the position of the electronic mute may be determined by detecting the proximity of the electronic mute relative to the musical instrument.
The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The Figures and the detailed description that follow more particularly exemplify a preferred embodiment.
The accompanying drawings and figures illustrate a number of exemplary embodiments and are part of the specification. Together with the present description, these drawings demonstrate and explain various principles of this disclosure. A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention may be realized by reference to the following drawings. In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label.
While the embodiments described herein are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. However, the exemplary embodiments described herein are not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the instant disclosure covers all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the appended claims.
The present disclosure generally relates to a mute attachable to a musical instrument. In an example embodiment, the mute may be configured to be inserted into the bell of a brass instrument. An end of the mute that is inserted into the bell may comprise at least one microphone configured to sense sound generated by the instrument and a surface material or connecting feature that touches the bell, thereby securing the mute to the bell and at least partially muting the instrument. Another portion of the mute comprises at least one speaker (e.g., loudspeaker) used to emit sound received by the microphone.
A microcontroller may be used to receive the microphone signal and reproduce the signal using the speaker using digital signal processing (DSP). The microcontroller may be used to electronically modify or reproduce sounds made by the instrument in a variety of different ways. For example, the sound emitted from the instrument through the mute may have volume or loudness controlled by the microcontroller. The microcontroller may also change pitch, tone, timbre, modulation, or other characteristics of the transduced sound signal, and may apply filters to the sound such as notch (i.e., band-stop), band-pass, low-pass, or high-pass filters. In some arrangements, the microcontroller may record sound produced by the instrument and then play back the recording, such as, for example, by playing a looped recording. The musician may also play the instrument over the looped recording or in combination with the looped recording. A lighted indicator may be used to show settings of the microcontroller or to indicate characteristics of the sound generated by the musical instrument.
The mute may also comprise an external control feature that is accessible while the instrument is being played such as at least one button, lever, or ring. The external control feature may be used to control the microcontroller, such as, for example, by controlling the characteristics of the sound produced by the speaker or starting/stopping recording. Some mute embodiments may have additional or alternative control features such as at least one gyroscope or accelerometer which may be used to control the microcontroller based on the orientation or movement of the mute. Other control features may include a barometric pressure sensor for control based on pressure and a remote control transceiver for controlling the microcontroller using a remote control.
A remote control may comprise a circuit attachable to the instrument using an elastic band, adhesive, or other method of attachment. This may be beneficial in keeping the remote control easily accessible to the musician, especially in cases where the mute is used in large instruments such as a tuba or baritone and access to the bell may be difficult or limited. The remote control may communicate with the microcontroller of the mute using a wireless or wired communication interface. In at least one embodiment, the remote control may be an external computing device, such as a smartphone, personal computer, tablet computer, or the like.
A wireless interface in the mute may also be used to communicate with other devices, such as, for example, other mutes in musical instruments. With a plurality of mutes intercommunicating, an ensemble of musicians may produce modulated or mixed similarly and simultaneously. A conductor or other leader of a group of musicians may use a remote to control the output of multiple instruments at once to produce synchronization of frequency shifts between the instruments or synchronization of recording and playback functionality of multiple mutes.
In some configurations, a mute may also include an external microphone that is positioned in a manner allowing transduction of sound produced external to the musical instrument, such as, for example, for transducing sounds from other instruments or other parts of the same instrument.
Internally, the mute may provide for automatic correction to fix any change in pitch that the mute itself causes. It may also provide a means for shifting the pitch, timbre, or total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output sound using the control feature (e.g., sliding ring) in real time.
The present description provides examples, and is not limiting of the scope, applicability, or configuration set forth in the claims. Thus, it will be understood that changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and various embodiments may omit, substitute, or add other procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to certain embodiments may be combined in other embodiments.
Various embodiments shown herein relate particularly to brass instruments such as, for example, trumpets, tubas, bugles, french horns, and trombones, but those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to other types of instruments, such as, for example, woodwinds (e.g., clarinets, oboes, bagpipes, flutes, saxophones, recorders, and bassoons).
Certain features and abilities of embodiments of the mute may be shown in connection with the figures.
The inserted end 106 of the mute 104 may be generally conical or frusto-conical in shape. Thus, the shape of the inserted end 106 may generally conform to the interior shape of a musical instrument, such as, for example, the interior of the bell 102 of the trumpet 100. The exterior of the mute 104 may comprise a plurality of pads 110. The pads 110 may be positioned distributed circumferentially around the external surface of the mute 104, such as around the inserted end 106 of the mute. The pads 110 may be configured to physically touch the interior of the bell 102 of the instrument and may comprise a material such as, for example, rubber, silicone, cork, or another similar compressible or high-friction material. Thus, the pads 110 may keep the mute 104 retained in the bell 102 by a friction or interference fit with the internal surface 111 (see
In the embodiments shown in
At least one microphone 112 may be positioned at the inserted end 106 of the mute 104. The microphone 112 may be positioned to transduce sound coming from the instrument. In some embodiments, a plurality of microphones may be provided at the inserted end 106. In some cases, multiple microphones may all be at the internal tip 114 of the mute 104, and in some cases one or more microphones may be positioned around the periphery of the inserted end 106 and/or at the internal tip 114. The at least one microphone 112 may be beneficially selected to properly transduce sound coming from the instrument to which the mute 104 will be attached. For example, the microphone 112 may be configured to transduce the frequencies and loudness of the sound produced by the instrument to which the mute 104 will be attached.
The external end 108 of the mute 104 may comprise at least one speaker 116. See
The external end 108 of the mute 104 may also comprise a plurality of control and indicator features. In the pictured embodiment of
The rotatable ring 122 at the external end 108 of the mute 104 may extend circumferentially around the perimeter of the external end 108. In the embodiment of
The rotatable ring 122 may provide input to a potentiometer or a rotary/optical encoder of the mute 104. For example, the rotatable ring 122 may comprise an optical pattern on an inner surface of the ring so that an optical encoder may measure its movement or determine its position. Alternatively, the rotatable ring 122 may contact a rotary encoder that moves when the ring is turned and thereby measures the ring's movement. In this manner, the position of the rotatable ring 122 may be determined relative to the rest of the mute body 109. In some embodiments, a plurality of rotatable rings 122 may be provided, wherein the positions of each of the plurality of rotatable rings 122 may be individually detected relative to the mute body 109. Each ring of the plurality of rings may provide a different type of control and command for operating the mute 104. See also
Using these components, the mute 400 may provide digital signal processing (DSP) that can control, modulate, and change the incoming sound from the instrument (via the microphone 408) before playing the sound through the speaker 410 output. For example, the mute 400 may provide correction (e.g., auto-correction) of changes in pitch that may be caused by the attachment of the mute 400 itself to the instrument or due to the characteristics of the microphone 408 and speaker 410. In another example, the mute 400 may shift the pitch of output sound according to the relative position of the rotatable ring 419. In some arrangements the mute 400 may be controlled to change the timbre and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output sound in real time (e.g., while the instrument is being played). The mute 400 may provide digital filtering and provide notch, band-pass, low-pass, high-pass, and other related types of filters for the output sound.
In some embodiments, the mute 400 may be configured to record and reproduce tracks, samples, or loops of sound coming from the instrument, the mute itself, or from another source (e.g., from the artist playing the instrument or from another instrument). The recorded tracks, samples, or loops may then be transferred to another device (e.g., using USB interface 420 or a communication transceiver 514 (see
The mute 500 may also provide LEDs 510, such as red-green-blue (RGB) LEDs, as discussed above in connection with LED indicator lights 124. These RGB LEDs may provide color-based feedback to the performer or to other viewers by providing aesthetic accent to the mute 500 or by indicating settings of the microcontroller 402. For example, brightness of the LEDs 510 may indicate a volume setting of the mute 500, or a range of colors provided by the LEDs 510 may indicate a pitch or timbre adjustment setting. In another embodiment, the LEDs 510 may blink to provide a metronome or may pulse in response to notes played by the artist.
Some embodiments of the mute 500 may comprise one or more sensors 512 such as an accelerometer, gyroscope, and/or barometric pressure sensor. The sensors 512 may transduce signals and provide the signals to the microcontroller 402 to control various characteristics of the sound output by the mute 500. Using an accelerometer, the mute 500 may transduce acceleration of the mute 500 or orientation of the mute 500 with respect to the local gravity field and thereby change the sound output based on movement of the mute. For example, tilting the mute 500 upward may cause the microcontroller 402 to increase pitch due to feedback from the accelerometer, and tilting downward may decrease pitch accordingly. Using a gyroscope, the mute 500 may detect rotational velocity as another control input for the sound output. Similarly, atmospheric pressure around the mute 500 may be determined using a barometric pressure sensor and the mute 500 may accordingly adjust pitch or other characteristics in response. Thus, the mute 500 may compensate for different atmospheric pressure conditions. These sensors 512 may in some cases be microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) components to reduce weight and size within the mute 500.
In some embodiments, the electronic mute may be controlled at least in part by one or more sensors in the device, such as, for example, the accelerometer, gyroscope, and/or pressure sensors 512 based on the position of the mute 500 relative to another reference point, such as the portion of the musical instrument to which the mute 500 is inserted. With an accelerometer, the position of the mute 500 relative to the musical instrument may be determined by detecting and calculating movement of the electronic mute. For example, the mute 500 may be calibrated to a “home position” wherein the mute is lodged in a bell or horn of the musical instrument, and the three-dimensional position of the mute 500 may be tracked if the mute is moved or withdrawn from the bell or horn. Alternatively, the accelerometer may be used to track an angular orientation of the mute 500 with respect to the local gravity field, such as by determining whether the mute is laid speaker-down on a table or whether it is rotated into a typical range of angles that it would be in while the instrument is being played. For example, the accelerometer may detect whether the mute is positioned with its central axis extending horizontally within a range of plus or minus about 45 degrees for a trumpet or other substantially horizontally extending bell or horn instrument, or the accelerometer may detect whether the mute is positioned with its central axis extending vertically and with the speaker point upward within a range of plus or minus 45 degrees for a tuba or other substantially vertically extending bell or horn instrument. Repositioning the mute may induce the microcontroller 402 to turn off the mute, enable or disable features of the mute such as disabling the encoder 418 and rotatable ring 419 or enabling a mute function that prevents sound from being produced by the speaker 410. Other features of the mute that may be controlled by the relative position or angle of the mute, such as the modulation, pitch, or other characteristics of the sound output, as will be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art and having the benefit of the present disclosure.
In other embodiments, the sensors 512 may comprise one or more pressure sensor or pressure-activated switch. This sensor or switch may indicate to the microcontroller 402 whether the mute 500 is pressed into contact or engages the bell or horn of the musical instrument. Thus, the condition of the sensor or switch may control features of the mute 500 similar to those described above in connection with an accelerometer. A pressure sensor or pressure-activated switch may be positioned in the pads (e.g., 110, 610) of the mute so that pressure against the pads registers the position of the mute.
One or more proximity sensor may also be used to control the mute 500. A proximity sensor may be included in the sensors 512. For example, a proximity sensor may be an infrared (IR) reflection sensor configured to sense reflected IR signals and thereby determine whether the mute 500 is near or touching a surface of the musical instrument when it is inserted into the musical instrument.
Using the sensors 512, the mute 500 may therefore be controlled by inserting the mute into the musical instrument, detecting, via the sensors 512, the position of the mute relative to the musical instrument, and controlling (e.g., enabling, disabling, or changing) a feature of the electronic mute based on the position of the electronic mute relative to the instrument.
In some arrangements, the mute 500 may comprise a communication transceiver 514. The transceiver 514 may be a wired transceiver or wireless transceiver such as an infrared, radio, BLUETOOTH®, or WI-FI® transceiver. The mute 500 may thereby communicate with another external device 516 and/or a remote control 518 using the transceiver 514. An external device 516 may be another electronic instrument mute or a remote electronic device such as a computer or smartphone. For example, the mute 500 may intercommunicate with other electronic mutes in order to provide group effects such as synchronized frequency shifting/correction or synchronized recording or playback of multiple instruments. A conductor of a group of interlinked mutes may also participate in mixing and modulating the various instruments live and remotely. These external devices 516 may each comprise sensors (e.g., sensors 512).
A remote control 518 may be provided with the mute 500 to provide additional or alternative control options for the user. For example, a remote control may be a separate electronic device attached to the instrument at a position different from the bell (e.g., bell 102). A remote control 518 may therefore be particularly beneficial in instruments where a mute may be difficult to reach in a bell, such as in a tuba or baritone, since the remote control 518 may provide control functionality for the mute 500 without having to physically interact with the mute body (e.g., mute body 109). The remote control 518 may attach to the instrument using a clip, strap/band (e.g., elastic band), adhesive, or another comparable type of attachment means. The remote control 518 may be a wireless device (e.g., a smartphone) or may be wired to the mute 500 (with or without the transceiver 514). The remote may be self-powered (e.g., using a battery) or may be powered via the communication medium used with the transceiver 514. The remote control 518 may beneficially include buttons and a sliding/rotatable ring for control, similar to the buttons 414 and ring 419 on the mute 500. In some embodiments, the mute 500 may not have buttons 414 or a ring 419, and these control features may only be found on the remote control 518. The remote control 518 may in some cases comprise a foot pedal or foot button configured to manipulate control characteristics based on a pedal or button position controlled by the artist's foot. A remote control 518 may also comprise sensors 512 to allow an alternative means of control over the output of the mute 500.
The mute 600 of
Various inventions have been described herein with reference to certain specific embodiments and examples. However, they will be recognized by those skilled in the art that many variations are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventions disclosed herein, in that those inventions set forth in the claims below are intended to cover all variations and modifications of the inventions disclosed without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The terms “including:” and “having” come as used in the specification and claims shall have the same meaning as the term “comprising.”
This document claims benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/107,233, filed 23 Jan. 2015 and entitled, ELECTRONIC MUTE FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by this reference.
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