Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to elevator systems, and more particularly, to a braking device for use in an elevator system that is operable to aid in braking a hoisted object relative to a guide member.
Hoisting systems (e.g. elevator systems, crane systems) often include a hoisted object, such as an elevator car, a counterweight, a tension member (i.e. a rope or belt) that connects the hoisted object and the counterweight, and a sheave that contacts the tension member. During operation of such hoisting systems, the sheave may be driven (e.g. by a machine) to selectively move the hoisted object and the counterweight. Hoisting systems often include braking devices that aid in braking (i.e. slowing and/or stopping movement of) the hoisted object relative to a guide member, such as a rail or wire for example.
As the rise of buildings increase, it is desirable to similarly increase the travel speed of the elevator car to minimize total travel time. As the speed of the car increases, larger braking devices are required to overcome the forces acting on the elevator car. As a result, a greater force is required to operate the braking devices, such as to move the safety wedges into frictional engagement with a guide member.
According to an embodiment, an electronic safety actuation device for braking an elevator car includes a safety brake movable between a non-braking position and a braking position, a first electronic safety actuator operably coupled to the safety brake via a first link member, and a second electronic safety actuator operably coupled to the safety brake via a second link member. Operation of the first electronic safety actuator applies a force to the first link member to move the safety brake from the non-braking position to the braking position. Operation of the second electronic safety actuator applies a force to the second link member to move the safety brake from the non-braking position to the braking position.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the first link member and the second link member are independently coupled to the safety brake.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the second link member is coupled to the safety brake via the first link member.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the first link member and the second link member are connected via a pin and slot engagement.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the first link member is movable relative to the second link member to move the safety brake from the non-braking position to the braking position.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the second link member is configured to move in conjunction with the first link member to move the safety brake from the non-braking position to the braking position.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the first link member and the second link member are integrally formed.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the first electronic safety actuator and the second electronic safety actuator are integrally formed as a single unit.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the first electronic safety actuator includes a first housing and the second electronic safety actuator includes a second housing, separate from the first housing.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments at least one of the first electronic safety actuator and the second electronic safety actuator is integrally formed with the safety brake as a single unit.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the first electronic safety actuator further comprises a magnetic brake operably coupled to the first link member, the magnetic brake being movable between a first position and a second position and an electromagnetic component configured to hold the magnetic brake in one of the first position and the second position.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the safety brake includes a wedge having a contact surface, the wedge being movable between the non-braking position and the braking position.
According to another embodiment, a method of operating an electronic safety actuation device to brake movement of an elevator car includes detecting an overspeed condition of the elevator car, actuating a first electronic safety actuator to move a safety brake from a non-braking position to a braking position, and upon detecting a failure of the first electronic safety actuator, actuating a second electronic safety actuator to move a safety brake from a non-braking position to a braking position.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments a controller is operable to actuate the first electronic safety actuator and the second electronic safety actuator.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the controller actuates the first electronic safety actuator in response to receiving a signal indicating the overspeed condition.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the controller is configured to detect the overspeed condition of the elevator car.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments actuating the first electronic safety actuator includes applying a force to a link member extending between the first electronic safety actuator and the safety brake.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments actuating the second electronic safety actuator includes applying a force to a link member extending between the second electronic safety actuator and the safety brake.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments actuating the second electronic safety actuator includes transmitting a force from a link member coupled to the second electronic safety actuator to the safety brake via an intermediate link member coupled to the link member and the safety brake.
In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, in further embodiments the link member and the intermediate link member are connected via a pin and slot engagement.
The following descriptions should not be considered limiting in any way. With reference to the accompanying drawings, like elements are numbered alike:
A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and method are presented herein by way of exemplification and not limitation with reference to the Figures.
The term “about” is intended to include the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity based upon the equipment available at the time of filing the application.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof.
With reference now to
In the illustrated, non-limiting embodiment of an elevator system 10, the governor 22, electromechanical brake (not shown), and safeties 24 cooperate to stop movement of the elevator car 16 if the speed of the elevator car 16 exceeds a threshold as the car 16 moves within the hoistway. If the car 16 reaches an over-speed condition, the governor 22 is triggered initially to engage a switch, which in turn cuts power to the elevator drive, thereby causing the machine brake to drop and arrest movement of the drive sheave, and thereby the car 16. If, however, the tensioning members 12 break, the car 16 otherwise experiences a free-fall condition unaffected by the machine brake, or the machine brake is otherwise ineffective, the governor 22 may then engage the safeties 24 to stop movement of the elevator car. The governor 22 is operable to release a clutching device (not shown) that grips the governor rope 34. The governor rope 34 is connected to the safeties 24 through mechanical linkages 26, levers 28, and lift rods 30. If the car continues to descend, unaffected by the engaged brake, the governor rope 34 applies a force to the operating lever 28, which in turn “sets” the safeties 24 by moving linkages 26 connected to lift rods 30, which cause the safeties to engage the guide rails 20 and bring the car 16 to a stop.
Mechanical speed governor systems, such as described with respect to
The safety brake 110 includes a movable brake member 116, such as a brake pad or a similar structure suitable for repeatable braking engagement with the guide rail 20. As shown, the brake member 116 has a contact surface 118 that is operable to frictionally engage the guide rail 20. The brake member 116 can be arranged in various different arrangements, including, but not limited to, wedge-brake configurations, magnetic-brake configurations, etc., as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art. Although the safety brake 110 illustrated in
The safety brake 110 is movable between a non-braking position and a braking position. During normal operation of the elevator car 16, the safety brake 110 is disposed in the non-braking position. In particular, when arranged in the non-braking position, the contact surface 118 of the brake member 116 is not in contact with, or is in minimal contact with the guide rail 20, and thus does not frictionally engage the guide rail 20. In the braking position, however, the contact surface 118 is in direct and intentional contact with the guide rail. As a result of this engagement, the frictional force between the contact surface 118 of the brake member 116 and the guide rail 20 is sufficient to stop movement of the elevator car 16 relative to the guide rail 20.
In the illustrated, non-limiting embodiment, an example of an electronic safety actuator 112 includes an electromagnetic component 120 and a magnetic brake 122. Various configurations of the electromagnetic component 120 and magnetic brake 122, are contemplated herein. In an embodiment, the electronic safety actuator 112 has a configuration as set forth in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/255,140, filed on Nov. 20, 2106, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference. Further, the electronic safety actuator 112 may be separate from the electronic safety brake 110, or alternatively, may be integrally formed with the electronic safety brake 110 as a single unit.
Various triggering mechanisms or components may be employed to actuate the safety brake 110 and thereby move the contact surface 118 of the brake member 116 from the non-braking position to the braking position, into frictional engagement with the guide rail 20. In the illustrated embodiment, one or more link members 124 operably couple the electronic safety actuator 112 to the safety brake 110. In operation, movement of the link member 124 is caused by activation of the ESA 112, which thereby triggers a corresponding movement of the brake member 116 of the safety brake 110 from the non-braking position to the braking position. As a result, the force transmitted from the safety actuator 112 to the safety brake 110 via the link member 124 enables emergency stopping of the elevator car 16.
Various types of link members 124 are within the scope of the disclosure. In an embodiment, best shown in
With specific reference now to
The multiple electronic safety actuators 112 may be combined into a single unit. For example, as shown in
Each of the plurality of electronic safety actuators 112a, 112b is coupled to the safety brake 110 and is operable to transform the brake 110 between a non-braking position and a braking position. Accordingly, each of the electronic safety actuators 112a, 112b typically includes a separate link member 124. However, in an embodiment, such as shown in
As best shown in
In the illustrated, non-limiting embodiment of
By coupling multiple safety actuators 112 to a single safety brake 110, each of the safety actuators 112 is able to initiate movement of the brake 110, thereby providing redundancy to the system in the event of a failure. Further, the interface must be designed to allow each actuator to move independently with respect to the other actuator so as not to prevent actuation of the safety brake 110. Providing a single interface between multiple actuators 112 and the safety brake 110, thereby reduces the complexity of the interface.
During an overspeed condition, or another condition of the elevator system 20 requiring braking, a signal may be transmitted to a controller, illustrated schematically at 130, associated with one or more of the plurality of electronic safety actuators 112a, 112b. Alternatively, in an embodiment, the controller 130 may itself sense the overspeed condition or the condition requiring braking. In response to the signal, the controller 130 will actuate the electromagnetic component 120 of the first electronic safety actuator 112a. In the event that the electronic safety actuator 112a fails, the controller 130 will then actuate the electromagnetic component 120 of the second electronic safety actuator 112b. Alternatively, in response to receiving a signal, the controller 130 may operate the electromagnetic component 120 of more than one of the plurality of electronic safety actuators 112a, 112b simultaneously.
A safety actuation device 100 including a plurality of electronic safety actuators 112 coupled to a single safety brake 110 has improved reliability compared to existing systems. One or more of the safety actuators 112 provides redundancy in the event of a failure of another of the plurality of electronic safety actuators 112.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this present disclosure, but that the present disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims.