The present invention relates generally to an electronic security device, and more specifically to an electronically operated padlock.
Security devices, such as, for example, padlocks and other types of conventional locks are known in the art, used, for example, to prevent access to a room, building, container, or piece of equipment. Exemplary padlocks include those opened by a key and those opened by manipulation of lock components in accordance with a unique combination. Locks that are opened by a combination require the operator to remember a series of numbers or symbols, and in some cases may be time consuming to open. If the operator cannot remember the combination, the lock must be removed by other less convenient methods, such as, for example, by a bolt cutter. In such a case, the damaged lock must be replaced, resulting in additional inconvenience and expense. Locks that are opened by a key present the risk of key loss or key theft, resulting in a greater potential for unauthorized access to the lock, particularly in cases where the key may be easily duplicated. Again, the replacement of a lock for which security has been compromised results in additional inconvenience and expense.
The present application relates to the operation of a security device or lock, such as, for example, a padlock, through the use of a motor operated locking arrangement. The lock may utilize a variety of arrangements for providing an authorized signal to operating the locking arrangement, including, for example, use of a key or other instrument provided with electronic circuitry for communicating with the lock, use of a keypad for entry of an authorization code, or use of a remote signal transmitter and corresponding receiver or detector on the lock to remotely transmit an input signal with authorization code to the lock for operation. In one embodiment, one of various remote signaling mechanisms may be used, such as, for example, an infrared (IR) signaling mechanism or a radio transmitter. In an exemplary embodiment, a transmitter is adapted to send a signal to a receiver in the lock, which, through a logic applying arrangement, compares a portion of the signal, such as an authorization code, to a stored access code and energizes a motor in the lock to unlock the locking arrangement if the authorization code corresponds with the access code.
In one embodiment, the receiver may be programmable to add or delete access codes to the logic applying arrangement, allowing a user to expand, limit, or otherwise alter any available electronic access to the locked item. In another embodiment, the lock may be further provided with a manually operable mechanism, such as, for example, a conventional padlock key cylinder mechanism, to allow for manual operation, such as with a key, if the electrical operating mechanism malfunctions, if the electrical mechanism's power source fails, if the signal transmitter is lost, or under other such conditions.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
This Detailed Description merely describes embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any way. Indeed, the invention as described by the claims is broader than and unlimited by the preferred embodiments, and the terms in the specification have their full ordinary meaning.
The present invention provides a security device, such as a padlock, adapted for direct or remote electronic operation in unlocking the device to access a locked item, such as a room, building, container, or piece of equipment, with which the security device is installed. In one embodiment of the invention, a remote signal transmitter is provided to transmit an input signal, such as, for example, an infrared (IR) or radio signal, to a receiver on the lock for operation of a locking arrangement. The receiver transmits the signal to a logic applying arrangement within the lock for energizing the locking arrangement to move from a locked state to an unlocked state. In one embodiment, the logic applying arrangement includes an electrical circuit, such as a controller or microprocessor, for receiving the input signal and decoding the input signal to compare an authorization code in the input signal with a set of one or more access codes stored on the circuit. When the authorization code corresponds with one of the set of access codes, either by matching or otherwise algorithmically corresponding, the circuit energizes a motor in the locking arrangement to move the locking arrangement from the locked state to the unlocked state. In another embodiment, the locking arrangement may be adapted to move from an unlocked state to a locked state, responsive to either the same input signal or a different input signal transmitted to the receiver.
While many different types of microcontrollers may be used with the lock, in one embodiment, the microcontroller is provided with: 1K×8 program space, 32 bytes volatile date memory, and speed sufficient to decode a 20 bit data stream in accordance with a firmware specification.
Input/output (I/O) pins 25 associated with the microprocessor 22 may be used for multiple functions to reduce pin count. However, care should be taken to avoid the sharing of an I/O pin for functions that may demand use of the pin at the same time, even if such use only results when a mechanical failure occurs.
In one embodiment, the controller may rely on the actuation of a mechanical switch 28 to provide an indication as to when operation of the motor 30 should be terminated. This may be accomplished by positioning a cam or detent on a rotating component in the lock, such as a shaft or gear, to contact the mechanical switch 28 when the motor 30 has moved the locking arrangement into the desired position.
The IR detector or receiver, according to an embodiment of the invention, includes an IR sensor, a band pass filter with a 38 KHz center frequency, a demodulator, an integrator, and a comparator, to provide a demodulated data signal without the 38 KHz carrier. The receiver may be provided, for example, with a voltage of 3 volts or 5 volts.
While many different types of microcontrollers may be used with the key fob, in one embodiment, the microcontroller is provided with: 500×8 bytes program space, 32 bytes volatile date memory, and 3 bytes non-volatile data memory. Additionally, the microprocessor may be provided with a low power usage “sleep” mode that is interrupted by a “watchdog” or interrupt system when the button on the key fob is depressed.
In an embodiment of the invention, the lock is provided with a programmable feature to alter or control access to the lock. For example, a logic applying arrangement in the lock may be adapted to allow additional input signals, such as from additional remote signal transmitters, to operate the locking arrangement for unlocking the lock, by, for example, selectively storing additional access codes corresponding to the additional input signals within the logic applying arrangement. As another example, the logic applying arrangement may be adapted to prevent previously authorized input signals from operating the lock, by, for example, selectively deleting one or more stored access codes corresponding to the unauthorized input signals from the logic applying arrangement.
Since the receiver, circuit, and motor require a power supply to operate, an external (outside the lock) or internal power source may be provided to electrically power these components. In one embodiment, the lock is provided with a battery in circuit communication with the receiver, circuit, and motor for operation of the lock. Since operation of the lock may require continuous monitoring for input signals by the receiver, the preservation of energy consumed may be desirable. In one embodiment, to preserve energy, the lock may be provided with a switch to terminate power to the circuit and receiver when the lock is expected to remain in a locked condition for an extended period of time. In another embodiment, the lock may be adapted to minimize energy consumption while still providing continuous monitoring for an authorized signal. In an exemplary embodiment, the microprocessor may be placed in a sleep mode in which the microprocessor does not decode or analyze all of the input signals received by the receiver.
One such method for operating a remotely operated lock is shown in the flow diagram of
At the end of the sleep mode period, as shown in block 3200, the controller powers a receiver to enable it to detect a transmitted signal, and the controller monitors for received signals. Any remote signal transmission and detection may be used, such as, for example, infrared signals and radio signals. As shown in block 3300, if the receiver does not detect a signal including a general authorization code corresponding to a stored general access code, the controller is returned to a sleep mode for a predetermined period (block 3100). If the receiver does detect a signal including a general authorization code correspond to the stored general access code, the controller remains in an active “access” mode and compares a specific authorization code in the input signal with a set of stored access codes (block 3400). If the input signal does not include a specific authorization code corresponding with any of the set of stored access codes, the controller is returned to sleep mode (block 3100). If the input signal includes a corresponding specific authorization code, the processor energizes a motor to power a locking arrangement for movement from a locked state to an unlocked state (block 3500). Additionally, the controller may energize or power an LED to illuminate, to provide an indication to the user that a valid input signal has been received (block 3600). This may be helpful, for example, when there is a mechanical failure in the lock, as it will indicate to the user that a valid input signal was received despite the locks failure to open.
According to another aspect of the invention, a controller in a remotely operable lock may be placed in a learn mode in which one or more new or additional input signals may be transmitted to the microprocessor to be stored as new or additional access codes within the non-volatile memory of the circuit. These access codes may form a set of stored access codes to which an input signal from a remote signal transmitter or key fob may be compared. In one embodiment, a key fob transmitting an input signal corresponding with any one of the set of stored access codes may be used to unlock the lock. In another embodiment, a lock may be adapted to require signals corresponding to more than one stored access code. The controller may be adapted to decode an authorization code included in the input signal to store the code as a corresponding access code.
The controller may alternatively or additionally be placed in a delete or erase mode in which one or more stored access codes may be deleted from the non-volatile memory of the circuit to prevent operation of the lock by a signal transmitter that transmits a signal corresponding to one of the access codes to be deleted. In another embodiment, a delete mode may be provided to erase all access codes stored in the lock, for example, in non-volatile memory associated with the controller. In yet another embodiment, the controller may be adapted to preserve at least one access code, such as an access code originally provided by the manufacturer, to prevent its deletion. In another exemplary embodiment, the controller may be adapted to compare an input signal transmitted while in a general programming mode with the set of stored access codes, and delete a corresponding access code if such an access code is identified. This general programming mode may also allow for the storing of an access code corresponding to a received input signal that does not correspond with any currently stored access codes. Alternatively, or additionally, one or more access codes may be stored in volatile data memory within the circuit, such that an intentional or unintentional loss of power to the circuit may erase the access codes stored in volatile memory.
One such method for controlling access to a programmable lock is illustrated in
To place a logic applying arrangement of a lock into a programming mode, such as a learn or delete mode as described above, a variety of methods or mechanisms may be provided. As one example, a “mode change” signal may be transmitted to the lock and recognized by the logic applying arrangement, which prompts the logic applying arrangement to enter a learn or delete mode. As another example, a forced loss of power, such as by removal of an internal battery, may cause the logic applying arrangement to enter a learn or delete mode when power is restored. As yet another example, one or more buttons may be provided on the lock, either on an outer surface of the lock or inside the lock and accessible through disassembly of the lock or through an opening in the lock by a pin or other instrument. In one such embodiment, to reduce the number of components and complexity of the lock, one button may be used to enter multiple programming modes by associating a certain frequency or duration of button depressions to a specific intended programming mode. As one example, a programmable padlock may be programmed to enter a learn mode by depressing a learn access button for a first duration range, and to enter an erase or delete mode by depressing the learn access button for a longer second duration range. In another example, the padlock may be programmed to enter an error mode or provide an error signal when the button is depressed for a duration outside the above ranges (i.e., shorter than the first duration range or longer than the second duration range). In yet another exemplary embodiment, the programmable padlock may be provided with an LED to notify the user when the lock has entered learn, delete or error modes, or when the lock has received an authorized signal.
Another exemplary method for controlling access to a programmable lock is illustrated in the flow diagram of
If the button is depressed for a second duration range, such as nine to twelve seconds (block 5400), the controller is triggered to enter a delete or erase mode, and the controller powers an LED to provide a “erase” signal (block 5420), such as three light pulses. Once the controller is in the erase mode, the controller erases non-permanent access codes from the lock's memory (block 5440), such as non-volatile memory, and returns to operating or run mode (block 5460). As discussed above, the lock may be provided with one or more permanent or preserved access codes that are not erased by the controller. If the button is pressed for longer than a second duration range, such as longer than twelve seconds, the controller powers the LED to provide an “error” signal, such as four light pulses, and the lock returns to a normal operating or run mode (block 5500).
By utilizing the logic applying arrangement described above or any other suitable operating arrangement, many different locking arrangements may be used to move a lock according to the present invention, such as a padlock, between locked and unlocked conditions. In some such embodiments, a motor included within a padlock may be connected with components of the locking arrangements to disengage one or more shackle engaging members from engagement with a shackle when the locking arrangement is moved from a locked state to an unlocked state, allowing the shackle to move in an opening direction relative to the lock housing. With regard to the exemplary locking arrangements disclosed below, it should be noted that many of the disclosed inventive features may be used with many types of padlocks, including, but not limited to, electrically operated locks, such as remote control locks, pushbutton/key code-type locks, and locks using mechanical keys with electrical circuit-forming features; and manually operated locks such as key operated padlocks, as well as electrically operated locks with a manually operated override feature.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a padlock may be provided with a moveable shaft adapted to directly or indirectly move one or more shackle engagement members between positions of engagement and disengagement with corresponding locking recesses in the shackle. The shaft, which may be provided in any number of shapes, sizes, and orientations, may be directly or indirectly coupled to the shackle engagement members, and may be moveable in many different ways, such as, for example, sliding, rotating, or pivoting movement, to effect movement of the shackle engagement members. In one example, the shaft may function as a plunger or post blocker to selectively prevent or allow disengagement of the shackle engagement members from the shackle. In the illustrated embodiment of
According to another aspect, a padlock may be provided with a lock biasing member, which may either directly or indirectly bias one or more shackle engagement members towards a position of engagement with the shackle. This lock biasing member may include one or more of any number of springs, tabs, or other such components. In the exemplary embodiment of
A motor within a lock may be directly or indirectly coupled with one or more shackle engagement members to move or drive the shackle engagement members between positions of engagement and disengagement with a shackle, to move the lock between locked and unlocked conditions. In one embodiment, the motor may be connected with the shackle engagement members by a moveable shaft that directly or indirectly moves the shackle engagement members. This connection between the motor and shaft may be provided by one or more gears adapted to translate the output of the motor to the desired movement of the shaft, such as sliding, rotating, or pivoting movement. This connection between the motor and the shaft may be provided by a fixed linkage, or the connection may be disengageable; for example, the connection may include a displacement member driven by the motor to engage and move the shaft when the motor is operated. In the illustrated embodiment of
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a padlock may be provided with a shackle biasing member to bias a shackle to move in an opening direction when the shackle is released from a locked or secured condition. In the illustrated embodiment of
A padlock according to the present invention may provided with any number of mechanisms for retaining a long end of a shackle within a lock housing, and for re-locking the padlock by pressing or retracting the shackle back into the housing into a locked condition. In one embodiment one or more shackle engaging members may be at least partially returned to a shackle engaging position after the shackle has been opened. One such shackle engagement member may engage an end portion of a long shackle leg when the shackle is in an open position, thereby retaining the long shackle leg in the housing. Also, the shackle engagement members may further serve to re-engage corresponding locking recesses in the shackle when the shackle is pressed or retracted back into the housing, thereby securing the shackle in a locked condition. In the illustrated embodiment of
In another aspect of the present invention, one or more batteries may be provided in the padlock to power the motor for operation, as well as any other electrical functions incorporated into the lock, such as, for example, a remote signal receiver or detector, a programmable circuit, or a digital or LED display. As shown in
According to another embodiment of the invention, a padlock with a motorized locking mechanism may also be provided with a mechanism for manual operation of the lock, such as, for example, by using a key or other such instrument to manually operate the lock to an unlocked condition. Such a mechanism may provide for a fail-safe means of opening the lock under circumstances in which a loss of electrical power, loss of or damage to a signal transmitter, or other such conditions prevent motorized operation of the locking mechanism. While many different manual operating mechanisms may be provided, the illustrated embodiment of
The padlock 300 of the illustrated embodiment of
In the illustrated embodiment, a rotateable shaft 350 is provided for moving the shackle engagement members 318, 319 between positions of engagement and disengagement with corresponding locking recesses 338, 339 in the shackle 330. The shaft 350 is provided with protrusions 352, 354 that are positioned to engage corresponding surfaces 318a, 319a of the shackle engagement members 318, 319 when the shaft 350 is rotated. When the shaft 350 is rotated beyond initial engagement between the protrusions 352, 354 and the surfaces 318a, 319a, the protrusions retract the shackle engagement members 318, 319 from the shackle to disengage the shackle engagement members from the locking recesses 338, 339 to allow the shackle 330 to move in an opening direction.
As shown in
In the illustrated embodiment of
As shown in
While the illustrated embodiment of
In the illustrated embodiments of
In an embodiment of the invention, the padlock may be adapted to prevent access to the lock's battery or batteries while the lock is in a locked condition. In the exemplary embodiment shown in
In another aspect of the present invention, a motor operated lock may be provided with access ports to allow use of an external power source to operate the locking arrangement. This feature may be particularly advantageous for any embodiment in which an internal battery may not be accessed when the lock is in a locked condition. While many different methods may be used to supply external power to the lock motor, in the illustrated embodiment of
While several embodiments of the invention has been illustrated and described in considerable detail, the present invention is not to be considered limited to the precise constructions disclosed. Various adaptations, modifications and uses of the invention may occur to those skilled in the arts to which the invention relates. It is the intention to cover all such adaptations, modifications and uses falling within the scope or spirit of the claims filed herewith.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/685,860, filed May 31, 2005. This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/728,931, filed Oct. 20, 2005. The entire disclosures of both applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
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