Patent Grant
12002446
The present invention is related to an electronic system having heat dissipation and feed-forward active noise control function and a related method, and more particularly, to an electronic system having heat dissipation and feed-forward active noise control function based on virtual error signal and related method.
Computer systems have been widely used in modern society. Computer components depend on the passage of electric current to process information. The current flow through the resistive elements of the computer components is accompanied by heat dissipation. The essence of thermal design is the safe removal of this internally generated heat which may jeopardize the components safety and reliability. An electronic system normally adopts a fan capable of accelerating the exchange of air for heat dissipation purpose.
The rotational speed and the static pressure of a fan determine the volume of air which the fan delivers per minute or per hour. The noise generated during the operation of the fan is roughly proportional to the fan speed to the power of 5. More efficient heat dissipation can be achieved under a faster fan speed, but with the main drawback of generating more noises. The trend of adopting more powerful central processing units (CPUs) and miniaturization increase the amount of heat produced per unit area of the components. Therefore, there is a need of addressing the issues of heat dissipation and noise reduction at the same time.
The present invention provides an electronic system with heat dissipation and feed-forward active noise control function, and includes a fan module, an embedded controller, a reference microphone, a micro speaker module and an ANC controller. The fan module is configured to operate according to a fan control signal for providing heat dissipation. The embedded controller is configured to provide the fan control signal. The reference microphone is configured to detect a wide-band noise generated during an operation of the fan module and provide a corresponding wide-band noise signal. The micro speaker module is configured to generate a noise-cancellation signal according to the speaker control signal. The ANC controller is configured to provide a virtual error signal according to a first transfer function, a second transfer function and the wide-band noise signal, and provide the speaker control signal according to a synchronization signal, the wide-band noise signal and the virtual error signal. The synchronization signal includes information associated with a structure and an operational setting of the fan module. The first transfer function is a transfer function between the reference microphone and a physical microphone when the micro speaker is not in operation. The second transfer function is a transfer function between the micro speaker module and the physical microphone when the fan module is not in operation. The noise-cancellation signal includes a plurality of noise-compensation signals for canceling noises generated during the operation of the electronic system.
The present invention also provides a method of providing heat dissipation and feed-forward active noise control function in an electronic system. The method includes operating a fan module in the electronic system according to a fan control signal for providing heat dissipation; providing the fan control signal using an embedded controller in the electronic system; detecting a wide-band noise generated during an operation of the fan module and providing a corresponding wide-band noise signal using a reference microphone in the electronic system; generating a noise-cancellation signal according to the speaker control signal using a micro speaker module in the electronic system; providing a virtual error signal according to a first transfer function, a second transfer function and the wide-band noise signal using an ANC controller in the electronic system; and providing the speaker control signal according to a synchronization signal, the wide-band noise signal and the virtual error signal using the ANC controller. The synchronization signal includes information associated with a structure and an operational setting of the fan module. The first transfer function is a transfer function between the reference microphone and a physical microphone when the micro speaker is not in operation. The second transfer function is a transfer function between the micro speaker module and the physical microphone when the fan module is not in operation. The noise-cancellation signal includes a plurality of noise-compensation signals for canceling noises generated during the operation of the electronic system.
These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.
The electronic system 100 includes a processor 10, a fan module an embedded controller (EC) 30, a micro speaker module 40, a reference microphone 50, and an active noise cancellation (ANC) controller 60, wherein the ANC controller 60 includes a virtual microphone module 70.
In the present invention, the electronic system 100 may operate in the off-line mode and in the on-line mode. As depicted in
The processor 10 may be a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphic processing unit (GPU). As the key engine of executing commands and procedures for running the operating system, the processor 10 is the main source of generating waste heat in the electronic system 100.
The fan module 20 may have different structures depending on its type. Basically speaking, the fan blades are driven by a motor into rotation for drawing cool air into the housing and pushing out warm air for heat dissipation purpose. In the present invention, the fan module 20 is configured to operate according to a fan control signal SFG provided by the embedded controller 30. A larger value of the fan control signal SFG results in a faster rotational speed of the motor in the fan module 20. More efficient heat dissipation can be achieved by increasing the rotational speed of the motor in the fan module 20, but with the main drawback of raising the noise level. During the operation of the electronic system 100, the fan module is the main source of generating noises. In an embodiment, the fan control signal SFG may be a pulse width modulation (PWM) square wave which can be used to adjust the motor speed of the fan module by varying its duty cycle. In an embodiment, the fan module 20 may include one or multiple axial fans or centrifugal fans. However, the number, the type and the driving method of the fans in the fan module 20 do not limit the scope of the present invention.
The embedded controller 30 may store the EC code of each task and timing constraints of the boot process. In the turned-off state of the electronic system 100, the embedded controller 30 continues to operate for awaiting the wake-up message from the user. In the turned-on state of the electronic system. 100, the embedded controller 30 is configured to control the standby/hibernate mode, the keyboard controller, the charge indicator and the motor speed of the fan module 20. The embedded controller 30 normally includes a thermal sensor (not shown in
The micro speaker module 40 is an electronic component capable of converting electronic signals into audio signals and normally includes diaphragms and a control circuit made of electromagnets and coils. The micro speaker module 40 is configured to operate according to a speaker control signal SMIC provided by the ANC controller 60. When the current of the speaker control signal SMIC flows through the coils in the micro speaker module 40, the coils vibrate in the same frequency of the current. The diaphragms attached to the coils also start to vibrate, thereby causing disturbance in surrounding air for producing sound. In an embodiment of the present invention, the diaphragms of the micro speaker module 40 are disposed inside the air venting structure of the fan module 20 and configured to generate a noise-cancellation signal y(n) according to the speaker control signal SMIC.
The reference microphone 50 may be disposed near the fan blades of the fan module 20 for measuring noises generated by the fan module during operation and for transmitting a corresponding wide-band noise signal f(n) to the ANC controller 60, wherein the wide-band noise signal f(n) includes the wide-band noise spectrum of the turbulence noises generated by the fan module 20 during operation. In an embodiment, the reference microphone 50 may be a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) microphone characterized in high heat tolerance, high anti-vibration and high RF immunity. However, the type of the reference microphone 50 does not limit the scope of the present invention.
When the electronic system 100 operates in the off-line mode, the ANC controller 60 is configured to receive a synchronization signal SSYN, receive the wide-band noise signal f(n) associated with the noise-cancellation signal y(n) from the reference microphone 50, and receive the error signal e(n) from the physical microphone 80 so as to acquire the transfer function C′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the physical microphone 80, the transfer function D′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the reference microphone 50, and the transfer function P′(Z) between the reference microphone 50 and the physical microphone 80. The synchronization signal SSYN includes the information associated with the structure of the fan module 20 (such as the number of blades in each fan) and the operational setting (such as the motor speed in different operational modes). In the embodiments depicted in
When the electronic system 100 operates in the on-line mode, the ANC controller 60 is configured to receive a synchronization signal SSYN and receive the wide-band noise signal f(n) associated with the noise-cancellation signal y(n) from the reference microphone 50, while the virtual microphone module 70 is configured to provide the virtual error signal e′(n) based on the transfer functions C′(Z) and P′(Z) acquired in the off-line mode. Based on the synchronization signal SSYN, the wide-band noise signal f(n) and transfer functions C′(Z) and D′(Z), the ANC controller 60 may calculate the actual wide-band noises among the noises generated by the fan module 20 when operating at a predetermined fan speed, thereby providing the speaker control signal SMIC accordingly for driving the micro speaker module 40. This way, the noise signal d(n) may be effectively canceled by the noise-cancellation signal y(n) provided by the micro speaker module 40, with the expectation to keep the virtual error signal e′(n) at zero. In the embodiments depicted in
Step 410: dispose the physical microphone 80 at the air outlet of the electronic system 100.
Step 420: measure the transfer function P′(Z) between the reference microphone 50 and the physical microphone 80 when the micro speaker module 40 is not in operation.
Step 430: measure the transfer function D′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the reference microphone 50 and the transfer function C′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the physical microphone 80 when the fan module 20 is not in operation.
In step 410, the physical microphone 80 is disposed at the air outlet of the electronic system 100. The physical microphone 80 is configured to capture the overall noises of the electronic system 100 in the off-line mode and output the corresponding error signal e(n) to the ANC controller 60. Since the fan module 20 is the main noise source, the physical microphone 80 may be disposed near the air outlet of the fan module 20, wherein the distance between the reference microphone 50 and the ANC controller 60 is larger than the distance between the physical microphone 80 and the ANC controller More specifically, the error signal e(n) outputted by the physical microphone 80 is the difference between the noise signal d(n) and the noise-cancellation signal y(n), and a smaller value of the error signal e(n) indicates better noise cancellation.
In step 430, the adaptive filter 73 is configured to measure the transfer function P′(Z) between the reference microphone 50 and the physical microphone 80 when the micro speaker module 40 is not in operation. More specifically, in step 430, the ANC controller 60 is configured to output the microphone control signal SMIC for deactivating the micro speaker module 40 (y(n)=0). Under such circumstance, the adaptive filter 76 is configured to adjust the parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66 according to the wide-band noise signal f(n) measured by the reference microphone 50 and the error signal e(n) outputted by the physical microphone 80. After performing the above-mentioned adaptive signal processing for a predetermined period of time, the parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66 converges to a predetermined stable status, and the current parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66 in the predetermined stable status may be used as the transfer function P′(Z) between the reference microphone 50 and the physical microphone 80.
In step 430, the transfer function D′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the reference microphone 50 and the transfer function C′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the physical microphone 80 are measured in a windless environment. More specifically, in step 430, the embedded controller 30 is configured to output the fan control signal SFS for deactivating the fan module and the ANC controller 60 is configured to output the microphone control signal SMIC for controlling the micro speaker module 40 to provide the noise-cancellation signal y(n). In the off-line mode, the noise-cancellation signal y(n) is used as white noise for test purpose, and the ANC controller 60 is configured to adjust the parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66 according to the noise-cancellation signal y(n) provided by the micro speaker module and the error signal e(n) outputted by the physical microphone After performing the above-mentioned adaptive signal processing for a predetermined period of time, the parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66 converges to a predetermined stable status, and the current parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66 in the predetermined stable status may be used as the transfer function D′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the reference microphone 50 in the windless environment. Similarly, the adaptive filter 76 is configured to adjust the parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66 according to the noise-cancellation signal y(n) provided by the micro speaker module and the error signal e(n) outputted by the physical microphone After performing the above-mentioned adaptive signal processing for a predetermined period of time, the parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66 converges to a predetermined stable status, and the current parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66 in the predetermined stable status may be used as the transfer function C′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the physical microphone 80 in the windless environment.
Step 610: the reference microphone 50 captures noises generated by the fan module 20 during operation and provides the corresponding wide-band noise signal f(n).
Step 620: the virtual microphone module 80 provides a virtual error signal e′(n) based on the transfer function P′(Z), the transfer function C′(Z), the wide-band noise signal f(n) and the noise-cancellation signal y(n).
Step 630: the ANC controller 60 acquires the blade number of each fan in the fan module 20 and the motor speed in each operational mode according to the synchronization signal SSYN and calculates a corresponding reference signal x(n) associated with the baseline power value of the speaker control signal SMIC.
Step 640: the ANC controller 60 acquires the actual single-blade fundamental frequency, the actual single-blade overtone frequencies, the actual blade passing frequency (BPF) fundamental frequencies and the wide-band noise spectrum of the fan module 20 during operation according to the wide-band noise signal f(n), the virtual error signal e′(n) and the reference signal x(n) and provides the speaker control signal SMIC accordingly.
Step 650: the micro speaker module 40 generates the noise-cancellation signal y(n) according to the speaker control signal SMIC; execute step 610.
The noise source during the operation of the fan module 20 originates from the air flow caused by the rotation of the motor. The narrow-band component of the noises may be thickness noises or BPF noises. Thickness noises are the result of the sound wave pulse created by the repetitive rotary motion of the air being displaced by the blade surface. BPF noises are caused by structural vibration (axial force and surface force) of the fan module 20. Since BPF and related harmonic waves are associated with the turbulent flow fluctuations as each fan blade passes a specific reference point, the periodic pressure wave at the tip of each fan blade generates a specific narrow-band noise. Also, acoustic waves are generated when the instabilities in the laminar boundary layer on the suction side of the fan blade interact with the trailing edge of the blade. These acoustic waves radiate from the trailing edge and form a feedback loop with the source of the instabilities, resulting in vortex shedding which generates wide-band noises.
In step 610, the reference microphone 50 is configured to capture noises generated by the fan module 20 when the electronic system 100 operates in the on-line mode and provide the corresponding wide-band noise signal f(n).
In step 620, the virtual microphone module 80 is configured to provide the virtual error signal e′(n) based on the transfer function P′(Z), the transfer function C′(Z), the wide-band noise signal f(n) and the noise-cancellation signal y(n), wherein e′(n)=P′(Z)*f(n)+C′(Z)*y(n). As previously stated, P′(Z) is the transfer function between the reference microphone 50 and the physical microphone 80 at a specific fan speed, C′(Z) is the transfer function between the micro speaker module 40 and the physical microphone 70 in the windless environment, and D′(Z) is the transfer function between the micro speaker module 40 and the reference microphone 50 in the windless environment. The virtual microphone module 70 can simulate the operation of the physical microphone 80 by operating based on the transfer functions P′(Z) and C′(Z). Therefore, the present electronic system. 100 does not need to include a physical error microphone for providing feed-forward active noise control function. In the present invention, the virtual microphone module 70 may be implemented by software or firmware, but is not limited thereto.
In step 630, the frequency calculator 62 of the ANC controller is configured to acquire the motor speed, the single-blade frequencies and the blade number of the fan module 20 according to the synchronization signal SSYN provided by the embedded controller wherein the value of BPF is the multiple of the motor speed and the blade number of the fan module 20. Assuming that each fan in the fan module 20 has 37 blades, the following Table 1 illustrates the data calculated by the frequency calculator 62, but does not limit the scope of present invention. The motor speed is shown in rpm, and the frequency is shown in Hertz.
Next, the signal generator 64 in the ANC controller 60 is configured to generate the reference signal x(n) according to the data calculated by the frequency calculator 62, wherein the reference signal x(n) includes the information associated with the estimated overtones, the estimated BPF, and the sound pressure (dBSPL) at different fan speeds for determining the baseline power value of the speaker control signal SMIC. The power value of the speaker control signal SMIC may be adjusted by varying the parameter W (Z) of the digital filter 66.
In step 640, the ANC controller 60 is configured to acquire the actual single-blade fundamental frequency, the actual single-blade overtone frequencies, the actual BPF fundamental frequencies and the wide-band noise spectrum of the fan module 20 during operation according to the wide-band noise signal f(n), the virtual error signal e′(n) and the reference signal x(n), thereby providing the speaker control signal SMIC accordingly for controlling the micro speaker module 40 to provide the noise-cancellation signal y(n). More specifically, the noise-cancellation signal y(n) includes a plurality of noise-compensation signals which are reverse signals respectively associated with the actual single-blade fundamental frequency, the actual single-blade overtone frequency, the actual BPF fundamental frequency, the actual BPF overtone frequency and the wide-band noise spectrum.
In step 650, the ANC controller 60 is configured to adjust the characteristics of the speaker control signal SMIC according to the transfer function D′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the reference microphone 50 and the transfer function C′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the physical microphone 80. More specifically, the first path compensation transfer function module 71 is configured to process the noise-cancellation signal y(n) according to the transfer function D′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the reference microphone 50 which is associated with the current fan speed and acquired in the off-line mode and output the processed noise-cancellation signal y′(n) to the signal generator 64. The signal generator 64 is configured to acquire the reference x(n) by subtracting the processed noise-cancellation signal y′(n) from the wide-band noise signal f(n) and output the reference x(n) to the digital filter 66 and the second path compensation transfer function module 72. Next, the second path compensation transfer function module 72 is configured to calibrate the reference signal x(n) according to the transfer function C′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the physical microphone 80 which is associated with the current fan speed and acquired in the off-line mode and output the calibrated reference signal x′(n) to the adaptive filter 76.
The adaptive filter 76 is configured to process the calibrated reference signal x′(n) and the virtual error signal e′(n) based on a specific algorithm, thereby adjusting the parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66. More specifically, the calibrated reference signal x′(n) includes the information associated with motor speed, the estimated single-blade fundamental frequency, the estimated BPF and the estimated wind pressure of the fan module 20. The adaptive filter 76 is configured acquire the information related to narrow-band noises (such as the actual single-blade fundamental frequency, the actual overtones and the actual BPF of the fan module according to the error signal e(n) for adjusting the parameter W(Z) of the digital filter 66. This way, when the digital filter 66 drives the speaker driving circuit 68 for outputting the speaker control signal SMIC, the noise-cancellation signal y(n) can reflect the actual operational status of the fan module 20, the wind pressure at the current fan speed, and the current noise cancellation level. More specifically, the noise-cancellation signal y(n) includes a plurality of noise-compensation signals which are reverse signals respectively associated with the actual single-blade fundamental frequency, the actual single-blade overtone frequency, the actual BPF fundamental frequency, the actual BPF overtone frequency, the wide-band noise spectrum and the actual wind pressure. After signal transmission, the noise-cancellation signal y(n) provided by the micro speaker module 40 may effectively cancel the noise signal d(n), with the expectation to keep the virtual error signal e′(n) at zero.
In an embodiment, the adaptive filter 76 may process the calibrated reference signal x′(n) and the virtual error signal e′(n) based on least mean square (LMS) algorithm. However, the algorithm adopted by the adaptive filter 76 does not limit the scope of the present invention.
In conclusion, in the electronic system 100 with heat dissipation and feed-forward active noise control function of the present invention, the transfer function P′(Z) between the reference microphone 50 and the physical microphone 80, the transfer function D(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the reference microphone and the transfer function C(Z) between the micro speaker module and the physical microphone 80 at each fan speed may be acquired in the off-line mode. Next in the on-line mode, the reference microphone 50 is configured to measure noises generated by the fan module 20 during operation and provide the corresponding wide-band noise signal f(n), and the virtual microphone module 70 is configured to capture noises during the operation of the electronic system 100 and provide the corresponding virtual error signal e′(n) according to the transfer function P′(Z) between the reference microphone 50 and the physical microphone 80 at a specific fan speed, the transfer function C′(Z) between the micro speaker module 40 and the physical microphone 80 in the windless environment, the wide-band noise signal f(n) and the noise-cancellation signal y(n). According to the synchronization signal SSYN, the wide-band noise signal f(n), the virtual error signal e′(n), and the transfer functions C′(Z) and D′(Z) acquired in the off-line mode, the ANC controller 60 is configured to acquire the information related to the wide-band noises among the noises generated by the fan module 20 when operating at a predetermined fan speed, thereby providing the speaker control signal SMIC accordingly for driving the micro speaker module 40. This way, the noise signal d(n) may be effectively canceled by the noise-cancellation signal y(n) provided by the micro speaker module 40. The virtual microphone module 70 can simulate the operation of the physical microphone 80 by operating based on the transfer functions P′(Z) and C′(Z). Therefore, the present electronic system 100 does not need to include a physical error microphone for providing feed-forward active noise control function. The virtual microphone module 70 does not occupy large circuit space and can provide the virtual error e′(n) which is not affected by external noises, thereby capable of improving the efficiency of the feed-forward active noise control operations.
Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 111129554 | Aug 2022 | TW | national |
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|---|---|---|---|
| 20100028134 | Slapak | Feb 2010 | A1 |
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| Number | Date | Country |
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| 201731301 | Sep 2017 | TW |
| I740783 | Sep 2021 | TW |
| 202312141 | Mar 2023 | TW |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20240046911 A1 | Feb 2024 | US |
