Claims
- 1. A precursor of a PDLC film comprising: A) a photoradically curable precursor of a polymer matrix;
- B) a liquid crystalline mixture for forming microdroplets within said matrix, said mixture comprising:
- (1) one or more compounds of formula I ##STR86## wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2, independently of one another, are each a single bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --COO--, --OCO-- or --C.dbd.C--, ##STR87## independently of one another, are each trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene,2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene,3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene,2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, and one of ##STR88## can also be pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl or trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl,
- X.sup.1 and X.sup.2, independently from one another, are each H or F,
- Q is --CF.sub.2 --, --OCF.sub.2, --C.sub.2 F.sub.4 --, --OC.sub.2 F.sub.4 -- or a single bond,
- Y is --H, --F, --Cl or --CN,
- n is 0, 1 or 2 , and
- R is alkyl having up to 13 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O--, --CH.dbd.CH-- or a combination thereof and, in addition,
- (2) one or more reactive liquid crystalline compounds of formula II
- R'-G'-R" II
- wherein
- one of the terminal groups R' and R" is a reactive group exhibiting one reaction site selected from HOW'.sub.2 C--, HSW'.sub.2 C--, HW'N--, a carboxyl group, ##STR89## and O.dbd.C--N--, or is a polymerizable reactive group exhibiting two or more reactive sites selected from ##STR90## wherein W' is in each case independently, H or an alkyl group with 1-5 C atoms, and
- the other of terminal groups R' and R" is, independently from the first terminal group, one of said reactive groups or is an alkyl radical with up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by halogen, it being also possible for one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals to be replaced, in each case independently of one another, by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --OCO--, --CO--O-- or --O--CO--O-- in such a manner that O atoms are not linked directly to one another,
- G' is a rod-like diyl group of the formula
- -S.sup.1 -(A.sup.5 -Z.sup.3).sub.m -A.sup.6 -S.sup.2 -
- wherein
- S.sup.1 and S.sup.2, independently from each other, are alkylene groups with 0-20 C atoms which can be linear or branched, it also being possible for one or more CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced, in each case independently from each other, by --O--, --CO--, --S-- or --NW'-- with the proviso that O atoms are not linked directly to one another,
- A.sup.5 and A.sup.6 are, independently from each other,
- a) a cyclohexylene group, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by O or S atoms,
- b) an unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene group wherein one to three CH groups may be replaced by --N-- or a 1,4-phenylene group which is mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, CH.sub.3 or combinations thereof,
- c) a bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene group, a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group,
- Z.sup.3 is, independently from each other, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --C.tbd.C-- or a single bond, and
- m is 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- wherein the amount of said reactive liquid crystals is not more than 5 wt. % of the mass of the precursor of the PDLC film.
- 2. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein the amount of said reactive liquid crystalline compound or compounds is 0.01-5 wt. % with respect to the mass of said liquid crystalline mixture.
- 3. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said liquid crystal mixture is based on SFM compounds.
- 4. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said liquid crystal mixture is based on carbonitriles and said liquid crystal mixture contains at least 6 compounds.
- 5. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said liquid crystal mixture is based on carbonitriles and the ratio of 3- and 4-ring compounds to 2-ring compounds is not less than 0.18.
- 6. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said liquid crystal mixture contains at least one reactive liquid crystalline compound exhibiting two reactive groups.
- 7. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said liquid crystal mixture contains at least two different reactive liquid crystalline compounds, at least one of which exhibits two reactive groups.
- 8. A precursor according to claim 2, wherein the amount of said reactive liquid crystalline compound or compounds is less than 2.5 wt. % with respect to the mass of the precursor of said PDLC film.
- 9. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said one or more reactive liquid crystalline compounds is a compound of formula II exhibiting only one reactive group with one reaction site.
- 10. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said liquid crystalline mixture includes a compound of formula II exhibiting two reactive groups R' and R".
- 11. A precursor according to claim 10, wherein said liquid crystalline mixture includes a compound of formula II exhibiting one reactive group R'.
- 12. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said photoradically curable precursor of a polymer matrix contains one or more non-liquid crystalline monomers, non-liquid crystalline oligomers, non-liquid crystalline prepolymers or combinations thereof, and a photoinitiator.
- 13. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein the amount of said reactive liquid crystalline compounds is 0.1-2 wt. % based on the mass of said precursor of said PDLC film.
- 14. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein the amount of said reactive liquid crystalline compounds is 0.1-5 wt. % based on the mass of said precursor of said PDLC film.
- 15. A precursor according to claim 14, wherein the amount of said reactive liquid crystalline compounds is 0.1-2.5 wt. % based on the mass of said precursor of said PDLC film.
- 16. A precursor according to claim 15, wherein the amount of said reactive liquid crystalline compounds is 0.1-1 wt. % based on the mass of said precursor of said PDLC film.
- 17. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said one or more reactive liquid crystalline compounds exhibits a non-reactive terminal group selected from F, Cl, CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3, OCHF.sub.2, alkyl or alkoxy.
- 18. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said liquid crystalline mixture contains at least one difunctional reactive liquid crystalline compound and at least one monofunctional liquid crystalline compound.
- 19. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein Y in formula I is H, F or Cl.
- 20. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein, in formula I, X.sup.1 is H or F and X.sup.2 is F.
- 21. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said one or more compounds according to formula II are of the formula ##STR91## wherein Y.sup.4 is, independently from each other, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CW.sup.4 COO--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-- or HSCH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.m COO--,
- V.sup.4 is, independently from each other, --O--, --COO--, --OCO--, --S-- or a single bond,
- W.sup.4 is, independently from each other, H, CH.sub.3 or Cl,
- m is, independently from each other, 1-7,
- n is, independently from each other, 1-12,
- t is 0, 1 or 2, and ##STR92## is, independently from each other, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2,3,6-trifluoro-1,4-phenylene.
- 22. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said one or more compounds according to formula II are of the formula ##STR93## wherein W.sup.4 is, independently from each other, H, CH.sub.3 or Cl,
- n is, independently from each other, 1-12, and ##STR94## is, independently from each other, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2,3,6-trifluoro-1,4-phenylene.
- 23. A precursor according to claim 1, wherein said one or more compounds according to formula II are of the formula ##STR95## wherein Y.sup.5 is, independently from each other, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CW.sup.5 COO--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-- or HSCH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.m COO,
- V.sup.5 is, independently from each other, --O--, --COO--, --OCO--, --S-- or a single bond,
- W.sup.5 is, independently from each other, H, CH.sub.3 or Cl,
- n is, independently from each other, 1-12,
- m is 1-7,
- t and u are, independently from each other 0, 1, or 2 with the proviso that t+u=1, 2 or 3, and ##STR96## is, independently from each other, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2,3,6-trifluoro-1,4-phenylene.
- 24. A process comprising:
- capillary filling a space between two substrates with a precursor of a PDLC film according to claim 1, each of said substrates being provided with an electrode layer,
- subsequently irradiating with light to cure said precursor;
- coating said precursor of a PDLC film onto a first substrate, optionally provided with an electrode layer,
- subsequently curing said precursor of a PDLC film, and
- attaching to said cured film another substrate provided with an electrode or removing said cured film from said first substrate and arranging the cured film between other substrates provided with electrodes.
- 25. A precursor of a PDLC film comprising:
- A) a photoradically curable precursor of a polymer matrix;
- B) a liquid crystalline mixture for forming microdroplets within said matrix, said mixture comprising:
- (1) one or more compounds of formula I ##STR97## wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2, independently of one another, are each a single bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --COO--, --OCO-- or --C.tbd.C--, ##STR98## independently of one another, are each trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene,2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene,3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene,2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, and one of ##STR99## can also be pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl or trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl,
- X.sup.1 and X.sup.2, independently from one another, are each H or F,
- Q is --CF.sub.2 --, --OCF.sub.2, --C.sub.2 F.sub.4 --, --OC.sub.2 F.sub.4 -- or a single bond,
- Y is --H, --F, --Cl or --CN,
- n is 0, 1 or 2, and
- R is alkyl having up to 13 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O--, --CH.dbd.CH-- or a combination thereof and, in addition,
- (2) one or more reactive liquid crystalline compounds of formula III
- R.sup.1 -P-X-A.sup.3 -Z-A.sup.6 -R.sup.2 III
- wherein
- R.sup.1 is CH.sub.2 .dbd.CW--COO--, ##STR100## ClHN--, (alkyl)HN-- wherein alkyl contains 1-5 C atoms, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-- or HS--CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --COO--;
- W is H, Cl or alkyl with 1-5 C atoms;
- m is 1-7;
- P is alkylene with up to 12 C atoms wherein one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by --O--;
- X is --O--, --S--, --COO--, --OCO-- or a single bond;
- R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical with up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, mono- or polysubstituted by halogen, wherein one or more CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced, in each case independently of one another, by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --OCO--, --CO--O-- or --O--CO--O-- in such a manner that oxygen atoms are not linked directly to one another, --CN, --Cl or --F, or
- R.sup.2 has one of the meanings given for R.sup.1 -P-X-;
- A.sup.3 is 1,4-phenylene or naphthalene-2,6-diyl, in each case being unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 4 halogen atoms;
- A.sup.4 is ##STR101## wherein in each case 1,4-phenylene can be substituted by CN or halogen, and one of the 1,4-phenylene groups in (a) or (b) can also be replaced by a 1,4-phenylene radical in which one or two CH groups are replaced by N; and
- Z is --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or a single bond;
- wherein the amount of said reactive liquid crystals is not more than 5 wt. % of the mass of the precursor of the PDLC film.
- 26. A precursor according to claim 25, wherein said reactive liquid crystalline compound is of formula III1-III20
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Phe'-Z-Phe"-R.sup.2 III 1
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Phe'-Z-Pyd-Phe"-R.sup.2 III 2
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Phe'-Z-Pyr-Phe"-R.sup.2 III 3
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Phe'-Z-Phe"-Pyd-R.sup.2 III 4
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Phe'-Z-Phe"-Pyr-R.sup.2 III 5
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Phe'-Z-Phe"-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Phe"-R.sup.2 III 6
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Phe'-Z-Pyd-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Phe"-R.sup.2 III 7
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Phe'-Z-Pyr-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Phe"-R.sup.2 III 8
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Phe'-Z-Phe"-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Pyd-R.sup.2 III 9
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Phe'-Z-Phe"-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Pyr-R.sup.2 III 10
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Nap'-Z-Phe"-Phe"-R.sup.2 III 11
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Nap'-Z-Pyd-Phe"-R.sup.2 III 12
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Nap'-Z-Pyr-Phe"-R.sup.2 III 13
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Nap'-Z-Phe"-Pyd-R.sup.2 III 14
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Nap'-Z-Phe"-Pyr-R.sup.2 III 15
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Nap'-Z-Phe"-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Phe"-R.sup.2 III 16
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Nap'-Z-Pyd-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Phe"-R.sup.2 III 17
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Nap'-Z-Pyr-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Phe"-R.sup.2 III 18
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Nap'-Z-Phe"-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Pyd-R.sup.2 III 19
- R.sup.1 -P-X-Nap'-Z-Phe"-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -Pyr-R.sup.2 III 20
- wherein
- Phe' is a 1,4-phenylene group ##STR102## X.sup.3 -X.sup.6 are, independently from each other, H or halogen; Phe" is a 1,4-phenylene group, which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by CN or halogen;
- Nap' is a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group ##STR103## which is unsubstituted or wherein up to 4 of X.sup.4 -X.sup.12 are independently from each other halogen, while the other denote H;
- R.sup.1 is CH.sub.2 .dbd.CW--COO--, ##STR104## ClHN--, (alkyl)HN-- wherein alkyl contains 1-5 C atoms, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-- or HS--CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --COO--;
- W is H, Cl or alkyl with 1-5 C atoms;
- m is 1-7;
- R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical with up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, mono- or polysubstituted by halogen, wherein one or more CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced, in each case independently of one another, by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --OCO--, --CO--O-- or --O--CO--O-- in such a manner that oxygen atoms are not linked directly to one another, --CN, --Cl or --F, or
- R.sup.2 has one of the meanings given for R.sup.1 -P-X-; and
- Z is --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or a single bond.
- 27. A precursor according to claim 25, wherein said one or more compounds according to formula III are of the formula ##STR105## wherein Y.sup.1 is, independently from each other, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CW.sup.1 COO--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-- or HS--CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m COO--,
- V.sup.1 is, independently from each other, --O--, --COO--, --OOC--, --S-- or a single bond,
- W.sup.1 is, independently from each other, H, Cl or CH.sub.3,
- n is, independently from each other, 2-12,
- m is, independently from each other 1-7, and ##STR106## is, independently from each other, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2,3,6-trifluoro-1,4-phenylene.
- 28. A precursor according to claim 25, wherein said one or more compounds according to formula III are of the formula ##STR107## wherein Y.sup.2 is, independently from each other, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHCOO--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--COO-- or CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--,
- V.sup.2 is, independently from each other, --O-- or a single bond,
- n is, independently from each other 2-12, and ##STR108## is, independently from each other, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2,3,6-trifluoro-1,4-phenylene.
- 29. A precursor according to claim 25, wherein said one or more compounds according to formula III are of the formula ##STR109## wherein Y.sup.3 is, independently from each other, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CW.sup.3 COO--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-- or HSCH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.m --COO--,
- V.sup.3 is, independently from each other, --O--, --COO--, --OOC--, --S-- or a single bond,
- W.sup.3 is, independently from each other, H, Cl or CH.sub.3,
- a is 0 or 1,
- n is, independently from each other, 2-12,
- r is 1 or 2,
- m is, independently from each other, 1-7, and ##STR110## is, independently from each other, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2,3,6-trifluoro-1,4-phenylene.
- 30. A precursor according to claim 25, wherein said one or more compounds according to formula III are of the formula ##STR111## wherein V.sup.5 is, independently from each other, --O--, --COO--, --OCO--, --S-- or a single bond,
- W.sup.5 is, independently from each other, H, CH.sub.3 or Cl,
- n is, independently from each other, 1-12, and ##STR112## is, independently from each other, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,6-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 2,3,6-trifluoro-1,4-phenylene.
- 31. A precursor of a PDLC film comprising:
- A) a photoradically curable precursor of a polymer matrix,
- B) a liquid crystalline mixture for forming microdroplets within said matrix, said mixture comprising:
- (1) one or more compounds of formula I ##STR113## wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2, independently of one another, are each a single bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --COO--, --OCO-- or --C.tbd.C--, ##STR114## independently of one another, are each trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene,2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene,3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene,2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene or 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, and one of ##STR115## can also be pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl or trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl,
- X.sup.1 and X.sup.2, independently from one another, are each H or F,
- Q is --CF.sub.2 --, --OCF.sub.2, --C.sub.2 F.sub.4 --, --OC.sub.2 F.sub.4 -- or a single bond,
- Y is --H, --F, --Cl or --CN,
- n is 0, 1 or 2, and
- R is alkyl having up to 13 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O--, --CH.dbd.CH-- or a combination thereof and
- (2) one or more reactive liquid crystalline compounds of the formula ##STR116## wherein Y.sup.7 is CH.sub.2 .dbd.CW.sup.7 COO--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--, HSCH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.m COO--,
- Y.sup.8, independently of Y.sup.7, is Y.sup.7 or an alkyl group with 1-12 C atoms, which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by F and/or Cl, and/or wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --CH.dbd.CH--, --O--, --CO--, --COO--, --OCO-- or --S--,
- V.sup.7 is, independently from each other, --O--, --COO--, --OOC--, --S-- or a single bond,
- W.sup.7 is, independently from each other, H, Cl or CH.sub.3,
- m is, independently from each other 1-7,
- b is, independently from each other 0-11, and
- B is ##STR117## with the proviso that in case both Y.sup.7 and Y.sup.8 are CH.sub.2 .dbd.CW.sup.7 COO--, B is ##STR118##
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
92107137 |
Apr 1992 |
EPX |
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Parent Case Info
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/081,280 filed Jun. 25, 1993, which is a Rule 371 of PCT/EP93/00989 filed Apr. 23, 1993.
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Hikmet, Liquid Crystals, 10(6):835-847 (1991). |
Continuations (1)
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Number |
Date |
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Parent |
81280 |
Jun 1993 |
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