Patent Application
20190061233
This disclosure relates to polymer spray deposition, more particularly to polymer spray deposition using powders.
Custom manufacturing of parts is a growing industry and has wide ranging applications. Traditionally, injection molding machines and other machining techniques were used to create models of objects or to create the objects themselves. More specifically, heated materials like glass, metals, thermoplastics, and other polymers are injected into an injection mold specifically formed in the shape of the desired object. The material can cool in the mold and take on the shape of the mold to form the object. Injection molds are expensive and time-consuming to create and changes to the shape of the object are difficult to accommodate without further increasing the time and expense of creating the object.
The additive manufacturing industry arose in response to the expense, time, and difficulty in changing injection molds to create models or objects themselves. Known additive manufacturing techniques include fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), and jetting systems among others. Each known additive manufacturing technique has limitations in materials, expense, and/or volume capabilities that prevent the production of small run, customized manufacturing and prototyping using a complete set of thermoplastic materials. Further, known additive manufacturing techniques are unable to accurately create a part with mechanical properties, surface finish, and feature replication of the quality object produced by traditional techniques like injection molding.
In situations in which additive manufacturing does not produce parts of sufficient performance for an application, an entire industry of rapid computer numerical control (CNC) machining and rapid injection molding using low cost tools has arisen. However, these techniques are significantly more expensive than additive manufacturing techniques and have their own process limitations.
The industry was forced to decide between a high quality, high volume capability object produced by the traditional, but expensive, inflexible, and time-consuming techniques like injection molding and additive manufacturing techniques that produced a lower quality object, perhaps without the desired structural integrity, and sometimes without the desired materials, but with greater speed and flexibility.
For example, FDM and SLS are limited in the type of material able to be used and create a less than 100% density object. Rapid CNC molding has better quality objects with great feature detail and finishes, but remains expensive. Prototypes created with the known additive manufacturing techniques are often refined until a final design is selected at which point an injection mold is created for large scale, high quality injection molding production. Such a multi-phase production process is also time-consuming and expensive.
One method involves polymer spray deposition (PSD). This process forms a spray or aerosol of polymer drops and charges them to cause them to selectively deposit on a charged surface. The formation of the aerosol may take many forms. Many of them typically require controlled temperature and an inert atmosphere. These typically result in higher costs and more complex manufacturing environments.
An embodiment is an additive manufacturing system that has an aerosol generator to aerosolize a powder, a deposition surface, a surface charging element to apply a blanket charge to the deposition surface, a charging print head to selectively remove portions of the blanket charge from the deposition surface, and a transport system to transport the aerosol powder from the aerosol generator to the deposition surface, the transport system having an aerosol charging element to apply charge opposite of the blanket charge to the aerosol powder.
Another embodiment is an additive manufacturing process that includes creating an aerosol from a powder at a spray generator, charging the aerosol to produce a charged aerosol having a first charge, forming a blanket charge on a deposition surface having a second charge of an opposite polarity from the first charge, selectively removing regions of the blanket charge, and transporting the charged aerosol to the charged regions to form structures on the charged regions from the charged aerosol.
The embodiments here provide the benefits of three-dimensional, digital, additive manufacturing techniques with a broader range of thermoplastic materials than would otherwise be attainable. They result in feature size resolution of the produced objects similar in complexity and structural integrity to more traditional manufacturing techniques, such as injection molding processes. The systems and methods here can aerosolize and create three-dimensional objects out of high molecular weight polymers powders and other thermoplastics, such as nylon, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polysulfone, and acetal. The use of powders may alleviate some of the manufacturing restraints on temperature and atmospheres that affect fluids.
A transport system 104 then transports the aerosolized powder from the aerosol generator 102 to a multi-nozzle array 106 that dispenses the powder onto a surface in the object production stage. The transport system 104 includes a charge element 116 that charges the spray with a charge of a first polarity. As will be discussed in more detail later, the deposition surface will have regions with an opposite charge to attract the aerosolized powder particles to those regions. The charged aerosol is then applied to the surface using the multi-nozzle array to the deposition surface. Any ‘waste’ or leftover material may be recycled by the material recycler 120.
Charge element 210 applies a charge of a first polarity to the aerosol. This may involve a set of electrodes on either side of the transport system to generate an electric field through which the aerosol passes. The deposition surface 214 will receive the charged particles such as 216. In one embodiment, the deposition surface resides on a stage 218 that may be a three-axis (x, y, and z) stage that moves relative to the deposition nozzle array.
Prior to the charged particles reaching the deposition surface selective regions of the deposition surface received an opposite charge. In one embodiment, a first charging device such as a corotron 220 (a corona charging device) applies a blanket charge to the deposition surface, the charge being of a opposite polarity to the first polarity. While
After the blanket charge formed on the deposition surface, another charging device, such as an ionographic print head, neutralizes the charge from the non-part portions of the surface. The particles will be attracted to the portions of the deposition surface that still have the opposite charge.
Once the particles from the powder spray reach the deposition surface and ‘stick’ to the oppositely charged regions, the parts or other structures will begin to form. During or after formation of the parts, the powder material may undergo heating to fuse the material into the parts. Fusing can be achieved through the application of heat and/or pressure. Heat can be applied through the use of an infrared source, a heated roller, or the use of high temperature air. Other embodiments may involve application of ultraviolet light to cure powder formations made from UV-curable powders. In addition, the powder aerosol may also be pressurized to assist with the fusing.
As the powder material collects in the selected regions of the deposition surface, portions of the powder spray will fall off the deposition surface. In some embodiments, the powder material that does not stick could be recycled back to the aerosol generator 206. The material recycling will typically occur away from the heat or other energy used to fuse the parts forming at the charged regions of the deposition surface.
As shown in
In this manner, three-dimensional additive manufacturing can create parts in a manufacturing process using powders. This may provide a less complex and less expensive manufacturing process for formation of a polymer for spray deposition.
It will be appreciated that variants of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be combined into many other different systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.
