Patent Application
20220158571
The force exerted between two types of charges is repulsive if the charged conductors have the same type of charges (+ or −), and attractive if the charged conductors have opposite type of charges (+ and −). All mediums other than a vacuum act to reduce the force, however the difference between air and a vacuum in the above relationship is negligible. Where the radius of curvature of a conductor is very small, very high electric field intensity is possible in a small region, such as on sharp metal wires and pointed metallic prongs.
Robert J. Van de Graaff in 1935 patented the electrostatic generator that bears his name. The Van de Graaff generator is an impressive electrostatic generator that is capable of producing enormously large static electric potentials (volts). A well-constructed generator that has height of 17 inches and a diameter of 7 inches (dome) can generate a voltage up to 200,000 volts, a modest “class room” size. One that is 3 feet in diameter (dome) and 5 feet in height can generate a voltage of 1,000,000 volts. A giant one can produce millions of volts leading to awesome displays of corona and lightning. This type of generator is definitely superior past 500,000 volts. It can produce these voltages quickly. Electrostatic generators of all types are no toy and even small devices can be dangerous if handled carelessly.
The electrostatic generator has its greatest appeal in the range in excess of 100,000 volts, and power up to 20,000 watts. And the power supply is safe, well stabilized and easily controlled. The output of the direct current (DC) is smooth.
The electromagnetic (EM) assemblies needed for EM generated energy, require expensive and bulky inductors and capacitors when direct current (DC) output must be smooth. Direct currents at very, very high voltages, are transported more efficiently than alternating currents (AC).
There have been several different types of electrostatic generators in the past. There was the Wimshurst electrostatic generator a rotor type—second best—which had its advantages and disadvantages; it isn't use professional any more.
There are several different types of electrostatic motors presently. There is the electrostatic corona motor—second best—they are both low power and efficient machines. The best with excellent power and efficiency is the ELECTROSTATIC REPULSION MOTOR.
There is an abundance of alternative energy—the best—in solar energy, wind power and geothermal energy, but each is widely dispersed, they are also relatively weak in some areas and at certain times. Two alternative energies are solar energy and wind power or geothermal energy and wind power or solar energy and geothermal energy. They can be used to built up a large amount of electrostatic energy with a VAN de GRAAFF ELECTROSTATIC GENERATOR. A good energy storage method is needed also for back-up.
At the output of this power circuit is an electrostatic motor. An ELECTROSTATIC REPULSION MOTOR will go far beyond other types of electrostatic motors in performance. Electrostatic energy in a concentrated amount is the second most powerful type of energy, nuclear energy being the first; lightning being an example of electrostatic energy.
This power circuit will be useful, economical, non-polluting and safe. No energy is created, just an exchange of energies, ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES to MECHANICAL ENERGY to ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY back to MECHANICAL ENERGY plus very little losses in HEAT ENERGY.
It would have many applications in the military, industry, commercial and the home; in areas such as electric power plants and propulsion for vehicles; and in and under the sea, on land, in the air and in outer space.
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The alternative energy sources and storage means L being solar energy, wind power or geothermal and batteries in most cases. Solar energy and wind power are widely dispersed and relatively weak at times, but can be very abundant at other times.
These dispersed and relatively weak energies—solar energy and wind power—can be used to power the electric motor 61 of the high DC voltage generator 60. This generator 60 sends many small amounts of relatively weak electric charges (electrostatic energies) to the electrostatic generator 30 for a build-up of the small electric charges to a powerful voltage quickly. The dispersed and relatively weak energies of the alternative energy sources L, also power the electric motor 50 that power the electrostatic generator 30.
In many applications a BACK-UP ENERGY SOURCE M may be needed for good reliability of the power system. The back-up energy source M can be a fossil fuel engine—electric generator combination. This back-up energy source M would be used only in an emergency; therefore, not causing any environmental or economical problems. A radioisotope thermoelectric generator is another choice.
The electrostatic power circuit 10 has a high DC voltage generator 60, electric motor 50, electrostatic generator 30, and an electrostatic motor 80 as major units. They have several electrical connecting lines 61A, 68, 5A, 90 and 99. Electrostatic energy is a property of nature and not made by humans.
The high DC voltage generator 60 is the circuit 10 reliable ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY PROVIDER by way of the electric charges it generates. The electrostatic generator 30 and its electric motor 50 can be called the powerful ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY AMPLIFIER. The electrostatic motor 80 is the efficient ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY CONVERTER of the circuit 10, converting electrostatic energy to mechanical energy.
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The Van de Graaff electrostatic generator 30 can generate electric charges continuously. The machine has a high degree of precision in the constancy of the developed voltage. The charges—positive or negative—are sprayed on the belt 36 from the set of low sharp metal wires 68 and then be removed from the other end of the belt 36 by the upper set of sharp metal wires 38, and conducted to the outer surface of the high-voltage terminal 39. The terminal 39 is a hollow, metallic spherical dome.
Two other features of a typical Van de Graaff electrostatic generator 30 is its belt size and its speeds. By running wide belts at high speeds, often as high as 60 mph linear velocity, enormous charges can be accumulated and maintain on the dome 39.
The potential reached can be controlled by (a) adjusting the rate of charging the belt 36 by the high DC voltage generator 60; and (b) by controlling the speed of the belt 36 in relation to breakdown voltage and belt leakage; this can be done by controlling the electric motor 50 speed. The motor 50 can be an electromagnetic type or an electrostatic type.
To improve the operation of the Van de Graaff generator 30 and to reduce its size for a given maximum voltage (v), the entire generator is placed inside a steel container in which the air is maintained at a high pressure. This is good for advance rugged applications.
The electrical line 90 goes to the electrostatic repulsion motor 80. The motor 80 has a disked shaped rotor 80R and its axle 81 adjacent a curved stator 80S. The main charging line 90 is connected in parallel to a stator charging line 90A and a rotor charging line 90B. There is a rotor discharging line 99.
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When a rotor prong 87 line up with a charging position 200 it will be adjacent and opposite the stator prong 88. The rotor prong 87 and the stator prong 88 are charged simultaneously with like charges near each other in the centered round hole 82; the lower part of this hole 82 acts like an inner chamber for the electrostatic energies. There is a great repulsion force between both pointed metallic prongs 87 and 88. Next, the prong 87 of the rotor 80R moves into its discharging position. There is a continuous rotation 300 of the rotor 80R by a continuous power sequence. A plurality of protruding pointed metallic prongs 87 of the rotor 80R passes through the V-shape groove 84 in the curved stator 80S.
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For charging, the charges travel from the upper sharp metal wires 98 in the cover cap 94 to the lower sharp metal wires 85A and its metallic cylindrical base 85 in the side hole 83, then to the pointed metallic prong 87. For discharging, the charges travel in a reverse path from the prong 87 to the discharging line 99. There is charging and discharging by electrostatic induction as the rotor 80R rotates.
If there is a need for a greater terminal voltage, higher reliability and a long lifetime; a Pelletron or Laddertron electrostatic generator can replace the Van de Graaff electrostatic generator. The Pelletron and Laddertron electrostatic generators each has a moving charging chain instead of a moving charging belt 36 of
The Pelletron and Laddertron generators works on the same basic electrostatic principles as the Van de Graaff generator. However, their charging chains are metals and are charged and discharged by the principal of electrostatic induction. The Pelletron was developed first in the 1960s. The Laddertron is more complicated but not more advance than the Pelletron; it was developed much later.
The electric motor 610 can be an electromagnetic motor or an electrostatic one. The diode 700A is a half-wave rectifier it can be replaced with a full-wave rectifier (4 diodes), see
It has been noted that electromagnetic (EM) motors are quite inefficient in scaled-down versions, very small electrostatic (ES) motors may be a better choice for miniaturized systems. Miniature and small electrostatic motors will find many applications where only small to very small torques and powers are needed.
Powering an electrostatic generator with an electrostatic motor could increase its electrical energy to mechanical energy efficiency. The belt 36 (see
The powering of much smaller ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS is possible with more efficiency and a cleaner environment; they can be placed near urban areas; see
The only thing that has to be design and manufactured is the Electrostatic Repulsion Motor. Solar panels, batteries, electromagnetic motors and generators, transformers, wind generators, speed reducers, diodes, capacitors, thermoelectric generators and many other equipment, devices, meters and parts already exist.
