Applicant hereby claims foreign priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 from International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2018/050093, filed Jan. 3, 2018, which in turn claims priority to Swiss Application No. 98/17, filed Jan. 30, 2017, the disclosures of which are both herein incorporated by reference.
The invention concerns an electrostatic precipitator designed for use in a building ventilation system.
Electrostatic precipitators are used, for example, to filter out particles contained in a gas or air stream. Although electrostatic precipitators can be used in ventilation equipment, air conditioners and air conditioning systems, they have not become established in the ventilation industry. In the ventilation industry, especially in building ventilation systems, pocket filters are still used.
Electrostatic precipitators work with corona discharge and electrostatic fields. They contain an ionization stage and a collector stage, as well as a high-voltage power supply device to operate them. Dust particles, aerosols, etc. flowing with the air into the electrostatic precipitator are electrostatically charged in the ionisation stage and then deposited at electrode surfaces of the collector stage. The high-voltage power supply device must supply both a DC high voltage for generating the corona discharge in the ionization stage and a smaller DC high voltage for generating a strong electrostatic field in the collector stage. These DC high voltages are typically generated by a cascade of voltage doublers, whereby the voltage at the output of the last voltage doubler is fed to the ionization stage and the voltage at the output of one of the preceding voltage doublers is fed to the collector stage. The DC high voltage for the collector stage is therefore half as high as or even lower than the DC high voltage for the ionization stage.
For use in an existing building ventilation system, an electrostatic precipitator must meet various requirements. These include, for example, specified dimensions so that the electrostatic precipitator can replace a pocket filter, specified air volume flows and a specified filter separation efficiency.
It is the object of the invention to develop an electrostatic precipitator for building ventilation systems, which should achieve the filter separation efficiency E10 with an air volume flow of 3400 m3/h related to the standard size (W/H/D) 592 mm×592 mm×300 mm.
The invention concerns the power supply and the control electronics of such an electrostatic precipitator, the design of which is based on the following findings:
(1) The current flowing through the ionization stage is an important indicator of the reliability of the ionization of the particles to be filtered out. If no current or a too low current flows through the ionization stage despite the DC high voltage applied, then no ionization or insufficient ionization takes place. As a result, the electrostatic precipitator no longer purifies the air or only purifies it insufficiently.
(2) When operating the electrostatic precipitator with the maximum air volume flow of 3400 m3/h, the DC high voltage applied to the collector stage must be increased to values in the range of 5.5 to 6 kV so that the required filtration efficiency E10 can be achieved.
(3) Normally, practically no current flows through the collector stage, i.e. the current is in the range of at most a few microamperes. However, if the DC high voltage exceeds a threshold value that is slightly above 5 kV for the electrostatic precipitator in question, the current rises and reaches values in the milliampere range relatively quickly.
(4) A high voltage power supply device of the type described above, in which there is a cascade of voltage doublers on which both the DC high voltage for the ionization stage and the DC high voltage for the collector stage are tapped, loses control of the DC high voltage applied to the ionization stage if the current flowing through the collector stage is in the milliampere range. This means that the DC high voltage for the ionisation stage is then no longer stable.
A specific task of the invention is therefore to develop a power supply and control electronics for the operation of the electrostatic precipitator that take these findings into account. In addition, the electrostatic precipitator should generate as little ozone as possible and consume as little energy as possible.
In accordance with the invention, the power supply, which supplies the control electronics, the ionization stage and the collector stage with power at voltages other than those provided by the mains supply, comprises a first high-voltage power supply unit for supplying the ionization stage with a first DC high voltage and a second high-voltage power supply unit for supplying the collector stage with a second DC high voltage. This enables the collector stage to be operated with a DC high voltage at which a current can flow in the milliamperemeter range without the DC high voltage of the ionization stage becoming unstable. The first high voltage power supply unit further comprises a current sensor and a voltage controller, wherein the current sensor measures the ionisation current flowing through the ionisation stage and the voltage controller ensures that the first DC high voltage is adjusted so that the measured ionisation current reaches a predetermined value. The ionization stage is thus operated current-controlled, i.e. the ionization stage is supplied with a pre-settable DC current.
In addition, the electrostatic precipitator is preferably grounded, i.e. it has a terminal which can be connected to earth, and the ionisation stage and collector stage contain electrodes which are connected to the terminal which can be connected to earth.
The control electronics is advantageously also configured
The realization of these two points is done as follows:
In order that the two DC currents can be measured by means of a so-called shunt on the low-voltage side of the high-voltage power supply units, the two high-voltage power supply units are galvanically separated on the input side both from the mains connection (and thus from earth) and also from each other. This is done by galvanic isolating elements.
The invention is explained in more detail below by means of exemplary embodiments and the drawing.
The power supply comprises the first low-voltage power supply unit 5, which converts the AC mains voltage at the mains connection 9 into a low-voltage DC voltage, for example into a DC voltage of 24 V, as well as two high-voltage power supply units 7, 8 connected to it. The first high voltage power supply unit 7 serves to supply the ionisation stage 3 with a first DC high voltage and the second high voltage power supply unit 8 serves to supply the collector stage 4 with a second DC high voltage.
The use of two high-voltage power supply units 7, 8 makes it possible to operate the ionisation stage 3 and the collector stage 4 independently of each other and thus to optimise the operation of both stages individually. In particular, this makes it possible to operate the collector stage 4 (also) at such a high DC high voltage that a collector current flows in the milliampere range without affecting the DC high voltage applied to the ionization stage 3.
The control power supply unit comprises the second low-voltage power supply unit 6, which also converts the mains voltage at the mains connection 10 into a low-voltage DC voltage, e.g., into a DC voltage of 12 V.
The separate supply of the control electronics 1 and the power electronics of the electrostatic precipitator 2 makes it possible that display elements of the control electronics 1, which provide information about the status of the electrostatic precipitator 2, such as LEDs, also light up when the power electronics is disconnected from the mains. Testing and maintenance work on the control electronics 1 as well as on the electrostatic precipitator 2 can be carried out at any time without endangering the operator when the power supply to the control electronics 1 is switched on.
The ionization stage 3 and the collector stage 4 of the electrostatic precipitator 2 contain electrodes, usually plate-shaped electrodes, which are preferably earthed. The two low-voltage power supply units 5 and 6 each contain a galvanic isolating element 14 and 15, respectively, which galvanically separates the output side from the input side. They are, for example, transformer power supplies whose transformer is a galvanic isolating element. The two high-voltage power supply units 7 and 8 are thus electrically isolated from the mains connection 9 and 10, respectively. The high voltage supply units 7, 8 contain a voltage controller 11 or 12, respectively, and a downstream voltage amplifier 13 for generating the first or second DC high voltage, respectively. The voltage amplifier 13 consists, for example, of a cascade of voltage doublers.
The operation of the ionisation stage 3 occurs preferably current-controlled, i.e. the first DC high voltage generated by the first high-voltage power supply unit 7 is adjusted such that the ionisation current flowing through the ionisation stage 3 (a DC current) assumes a predetermined value. The first high-voltage power supply unit 7 comprises a current sensor which measures the ionisation current flowing through the ionisation stage 3 and whose output signal is fed to the voltage controller 11. The voltage controller 11 regulates the DC voltage delivered to the subsequent voltage amplifier 13 in such a way that the first DC high voltage takes on a value such that the measured ionisation current assumes the specified value. The ionization current can be measured either in the supply line in which it flows from the first high voltage power supply unit 7 to the ionization electrode of the ionization stage 3, or in the return line in which the ionization current flows back from earth (since the corresponding electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator 2 are earthed) to the high voltage power supply unit 7. Since the ionization electrode is subjected to a very high DC high voltage of several kilovolts, measuring the ionization current in the return line is much easier. As can be seen from
The control of the electrostatic precipitator 2 is preferably power-dependent. The electrostatic precipitator 2 is specified for a certain filtration efficiency, for example the filtration efficiency E10, and for a maximum air volume flow at which the specified filtration efficiency is still reached. The lower the air volume flow is, the lower is the air flow velocity and the longer is the residence time of the ionized particles in the electrostatic precipitator 2. The second DC high voltage applied to the collector stage 4 generates an electric field strength in the collector stage 4 which acts as an electric force on the ionized particles and accelerates them, thus causing the ionized particles to be deposited at the electrodes. The longer the residence time of the ionized particles in the collector stage 4 is, the lower can be the electric field strength and thus also the second DC high voltage.
The control electronics is therefore preferably configured to set the second DC high voltage to be applied to the collector stage 4 according to the actual air volume flow. Usually, the ionisation current can also be reduced if the air volume flow decreases. The control electronics is therefore preferably also configured to set the ionisation current according to the actual air volume flow. For this purpose, the control electronics includes a control input for receiving one or more control signals and means (hardware and/or software) to adjust the ionizing current and the second DC high voltage according to the control signal(s).
The second high-voltage power supply unit 8 advantageously also comprises a second current sensor, also in the form of a shunt 18, which measures the collector current flowing through the collector stage 4 (a DC current), and the control electronics 1 is configured to display or output an alarm signal or fault signal if the measured collector current exceeds a predetermined maximum current.
While embodiments of this invention have been shown and described, it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that more modifications than mentioned above are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The invention, therefore, is not to be restricted except by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
98/17 | Jan 2017 | CH | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2018/050093 | 1/3/2018 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2018/137899 | 8/2/2018 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2897914 | Camp | Aug 1959 | A |
2978065 | Berg | Apr 1961 | A |
3507096 | Hall | Apr 1970 | A |
3877896 | Muskovac | Apr 1975 | A |
4156885 | Baker et al. | May 1979 | A |
4290003 | Lanese | Sep 1981 | A |
4390830 | Laugesen | Jun 1983 | A |
4486704 | Gustafsson | Dec 1984 | A |
4490159 | Matts | Dec 1984 | A |
4522635 | Matts | Jun 1985 | A |
4626260 | Jorgensen | Dec 1986 | A |
4680036 | Leussler | Jul 1987 | A |
4704672 | Gustafsson | Nov 1987 | A |
4808200 | Dallhammer | Feb 1989 | A |
5068811 | Johnston | Nov 1991 | A |
5378978 | Gallo | Jan 1995 | A |
5575836 | Sugiura | Nov 1996 | A |
5629844 | Krichtafovitch | May 1997 | A |
5737197 | Krichtafovitch | Apr 1998 | A |
5751150 | Rippel | May 1998 | A |
6282106 | Grass | Aug 2001 | B2 |
6508861 | Ray | Jan 2003 | B1 |
7833322 | Botvinnik | Nov 2010 | B2 |
20040212329 | Krichtafovitch et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
20070046219 | Krichtafovitch et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
20070210734 | Botvinnik et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
20100313761 | Tanaka et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
20130047857 | Bohlen | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20140345463 | Apte et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20170008008 | Umase | Jan 2017 | A1 |
20170354981 | Krichtafovitch | Dec 2017 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
702993 | Oct 2011 | CH |
1032122 | Apr 1989 | CN |
1993796 | Jul 2007 | CN |
201618612 | Nov 2010 | CN |
102139244 | Aug 2013 | CN |
203840236 | Sep 2014 | CN |
104941802 | Sep 2015 | CN |
2025411 | Feb 2009 | EP |
H02222737 | Sep 1990 | JP |
H06143998 | May 1994 | JP |
H07108192 | Apr 1995 | JP |
H11267547 | Oct 1999 | JP |
2007225246 | Sep 2007 | JP |
2009-274036 | Nov 2009 | JP |
2011072870 | Apr 2011 | JP |
201504413 | Mar 2015 | JP |
2291000 | Jan 2001 | RU |
1526832 | Dec 1989 | SU |
Entry |
---|
Swiss Patent Search Report from Related Case. |
Chinese Patent Office Search Report dated Mar. 4, 2020 in related patent application. |
Chinese Patent Office Search Report dated Dec. 3, 2020 for related case, App. No CN-2018-8000-89647, filed Jan. 3, 2018. |
WIPO PCT IPRP Dated Jul. 30, 2019 Concerning related Case PCT/EP2018/050093. |
Russian Patent Office Search Report dated Jan. 11, 2021 for related case, App. No. RU-2019-122164/03(043314), filed Jan. 3, 2018. |
Japanese Patent Office Search Report dated Oct. 21, 2021 for related case, App. No JP-2019-528025—the references previously cited herein are not provided—only the previously uncited references. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20200009578 A1 | Jan 2020 | US |