Patent Grant
11738972
The present application is based on PCT filing PCT/JP2018/039509, filed Oct. 24, 2018, which claims priority to PCT filing PCT/JP2018/017047, filed Apr. 26, 2018, the entire contents of each are incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to an elevator including a car suspended by a suspension body having a belt-like shape, the structure of a suspension body for the elevator, and a manufacturing method for the suspension body.
In a related-art rope on a hoisting machine, which uses reinforcement fibers, a load bearing portion is made of a polymer matrix and the reinforcement fibers. As the reinforcement fibers, carbon fibers or glass fibers are used. Further, the reinforcement fibers are evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix, and are arranged in parallel to a longitudinal direction of the rope (for example, see Patent Literature 1).
The above-mentioned rope using the reinforcement fibers has higher breaking strength per weight than a wire rope formed by twisting steel wires. Accordingly, particularly in a high-rise elevator requiring a long rope, a weight of the entire rope can be reduced, and a burden of driving on the hoisting machine can be reduced.
[PTL 1] JP 5713682 B2
However, the related-art rope described above is poor in flexibility. Thus, it is difficult to bend the related-art rope along a driving sheave of the hoisting machine. Moreover, the bending may cause increase in internal stress of the rope, and hence there is a risk of causing breakage of the rope. In order to avoid such breakage of the rope, it is necessary to increase a diameter of the driving sheave.
This invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and has an object to obtain an elevator capable of reducing stress generated on a load bearing layer of a suspension body when the suspension body is bent, a suspension body for the elevator, and a manufacturing method for the suspension body.
According to the present invention, there is provided a suspension body for an elevator, including: a core having a belt-like shape and including a load bearing layer formed of an impregnation resin and a plurality of high-strength fibers; and a covering layer covering at least a part of an outer periphery of the core, in which the plurality of high-strength fibers include a plurality of kinds of high-strength fibers.
Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a manufacturing method for a suspension body for an elevator, including: a paying-out step of paying out a plurality of high-strength fiber bundles each being a bundle of a plurality of high-strength fibers from corresponding bobbins, respectively; a positioning step of positioning the plurality of high-strength fiber bundles; an impregnating step of impregnating an impregnation resin into the plurality of high-strength fiber bundles; a hot forming step of performing hot forming on the plurality of high-strength fiber bundles impregnated with the resin so as to form a load bearing layer; and a covering step of forming a covering layer covering at least a part of an outer periphery of the load bearing layer, in which the plurality of high-strength fibers include a plurality of kinds of high-strength fibers, and in which in the positioning step, the plurality of high-strength fiber bundles are arranged at positions determined based on kinds of the high-strength fibers included in each of the high-strength fiber bundles and on mixing ratios of the high-strength fibers of respective kinds.
According to the elevator, the suspension body for an elevator, and the manufacturing method for the suspension body of this invention, there can be reduced stress generated on the load bearing layer of the suspension body when the suspension body is bent.
Now, the best mode for carrying out the present invention is described referring to the drawings.
A plurality of suspension bodies 7 (only one suspension body is illustrated in
The car 8 and the counterweight 9 are suspended by the suspension bodies 7 through use of a 1:1 roping method. Further, the car 8 and the counterweight 9 are vertically moved in the hoistway 1 through rotation of the driving sheave 6. The elevator controller 5 is configured to control the hoisting machine 3, to thereby control operation of the car 8.
A pair of car guide rails (not shown) and a pair of counterweight guide rails (not shown) are installed in the hoistway 1. The car guide rails are configured to guide vertical movement of the car 8. The counterweight guide rails are configured to guide vertical movement of the counterweight 9.
The car 8 includes a car frame 10 and a cage 11. The suspension bodies 7 are connected to the car frame 10. The cage 11 is supported by the car frame 10.
Further, the suspension body 7 has a sheave contact surface 7c being any one of end surfaces in the thickness direction. When the suspension body 7 is wound around the driving sheave 6, the sheave contact surface 7c is brought into contact with an outer peripheral surface of the driving sheave 6. That is, when passing over the driving sheave 6, the suspension body 7 is bent along the outer peripheral surface of the driving sheave 6 so that the sheave contact surface 7c is positioned on an inner side of the suspension body 7.
The suspension body 7 includes a core 21 and a covering layer 22. The core 21 has a belt-like shape. The covering layer 22 covers an entire periphery of the core 21.
As a material for the covering layer 22, a thermoplastic resin, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide 12 (PA12), polyamide 66 (PA66), polycarbonate, polyether ether ketone, or polyphenylene sulfide, may be used.
In addition, as a material for the covering layer 22, an olefin-based, styrene-based, vinyl chloride-based, urethane-based, polyester-based, polyamide-based, fluorine-based, or butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomer may also be used.
Further, as a material for the covering layer 22, a thermosetting elastomer (rubber), such as a nitrile rubber, a butadiene rubber, a styrene-butadiene rubber, a chloroprene rubber, an acrylic rubber, a urethane rubber, or a silicone rubber, may also be used.
Further, as a material for the covering layer 22, a carbon fiber, a glass fiber, an aramid fiber, a PBO (poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber, a polyethylene fiber, a polypropylene fiber, a polyamide fiber, or a basalt fiber may be used. In addition, the material may be a composite material of a fiber and a resin.
It is preferred that a material having high heat resistance and high wear resistance be employed as a material for the covering layer 22. Through change of the material for the covering layer 22, a coefficient of friction between the suspension body 7 and the driving sheave 6 can be adjusted.
The core 21 includes a load bearing layer 23 and a plurality of intermediate layers 24. The load bearing layer 23 is divided into a plurality of layers in the thickness direction of the core 21, namely, the thickness direction of the suspension body 7. That is, the load bearing layer 23 is formed of a plurality of segment layers 25 arranged apart from each other in the thickness direction of the core 21.
The intermediate layer 24 is made of a material different from materials for the covering layer 22 and the load bearing layer 23. Further, the intermediate layer 24 is interposed between the segment layers 25 adjacent to each other in the thickness direction of the core 21. That is, the segment layers 25 and the intermediate layers 24 are alternately laminated in the thickness direction of the core 21. In this example, the load bearing layer 23 is divided into three segment layers 25. Thus, two intermediate layers 24 are used.
Further, the intermediate layer 24 may be interposed in an entire region between the segment layers 25 adjacent to each other in the thickness direction of the core 21, or may be interposed only in a bent region. With this configuration, the adjacent segment layers 25 are not held in direct contact with each other, and the covering layer 22 does not enter the region between the adjacent segment layers 25.
The load bearing layer 23 is a layer configured to mainly bear a load acting on the suspension body 7. Further, the load bearing layer 23 is formed of an impregnation resin and a high-strength fiber group provided in the impregnation resin.
The high-strength fiber group includes a plurality of high-strength fibers arranged along the length direction of the core 21 (Z-axis direction in
The high-strength fiber is a light-weight and high-strength fiber. As the high-strength fiber, for example, a carbon fiber, a glass fiber, an aramid fiber, a PBO (poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber, or a basalt fiber may be used. In addition, as the high-strength fiber, a composite fiber obtained by combining those fibers may be used.
As the impregnation resin of the load bearing layer 23, a thermosetting resin, such as polyurethane, an epoxy, an unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, phenol, or silicone, may be used.
In addition, as the impregnation resin, a thermoplastic resin, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide 12 (PA12), polyamide 66 (PA66), polycarbonate, polyether ether ketone, or polyphenylene sulfide, may be used.
Moreover, the impregnation resin may contain a lubricant such as grease or oil. Alternatively, a lubricant such as grease may be used instead of the impregnation resin.
In particular, it is preferred that the impregnation resin be a resin having good adhesiveness with respect to the high-strength fibers. When a resin having a low modulus of elasticity is used as the impregnation resin, flexural rigidity of the suspension body 7 can be further reduced. Meanwhile, when a resin having a high modulus of elasticity is used as the impregnation resin, the high-strength fibers are firmly integrated together, thereby being capable of reducing unevenness in strength of the suspension body 7.
Shear rigidity of the intermediate layer 24 is lower than shear rigidity of the segment layer 25. As a material for the intermediate layer 24, a thermosetting resin, such as polyurethane, an epoxy, an unsaturated polyester, a vinyl ester, phenol, or silicone, may be used.
In addition, as a material for the intermediate layer 24, a thermoplastic resin, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide 12 (PA12), polyamide 66 (PA66), polycarbonate, polyether ether ketone, or polyphenylene sulfide, may also be used.
In the suspension body 7 for an elevator described above, the load bearing layer 23 is divided in the thickness direction of the core 21, and the intermediate layer 24 is interposed between the adjacent segment layers 25. Thus, through selection of a material for the intermediate layer 24, bendability of the core 21 can be improved. Further, it is possible to relieve stress on the segment layers 25, which are respectively located at an innermost layer and an outermost layer, when the core 21 is bent. With this configuration, a diameter of the driving sheave 6 can also be reduced.
Further, the shear rigidity of the intermediate layer 24 is set lower than the shear rigidity of the segment layer 25. Thus, when the core 21 is bent, the intermediate layers 24 are easily deformed in a shearing direction (Z-axis direction in
The number of the segment layers 25 is not limited to three. For example, as illustrated in
Further, it is desired that a modulus of rigidity of the intermediate layer 24 be set lower than a modulus of rigidity of the covering layer 22. With this configuration, the region between the segment layers 25 more easily undergoes shear deformation, thereby further improving the flexibility of the suspension body 7. Further, stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 when the core 21 is bent can be further reduced.
Moreover, in a case in which compression stiffness of a material for the intermediate layer 24 is set lower than compression stiffness of a material for the load bearing layer 23, when the suspension body 7 passes over the driving sheave 6, the suspension body 7 receives a load in a direction of compressing the cross section, and a thickness of the portion having received the compressive load is reduced. As a result, the suspension body 7 is easily bent.
Further, the intermediate layer 24 may be formed of an elastomer material having a characteristic, that is, a lower elastic modulus than that of the dividing layer 25. As the elastomer material, for example, an olefin-based, styrene-based, vinyl chloride-based, urethane-based, polyester-based, polyamide-based, fluorine-based, or butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomer may be used. In addition, as the elastomer material, a thermosetting elastomer (rubber), such as a butadiene rubber, a styrene-butadiene rubber, a chloroprene rubber, an acrylic rubber, a urethane rubber, or a silicone rubber, may be used.
Further, as a material for the intermediate layer 24, there may be used a polymer gel having intermediate properties between a solid and a liquid.
Moreover, as a material for the intermediate layer 24, there may be used a lubricant such as a liquid lubricant, a semi-solid lubricant, or a solid lubricant. As the liquid lubricant, for example, a lubricating oil is given. An example of the semi-solid lubricant is grease. Examples of the solid lubricant include graphite, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Further, the intermediate layer 24 may be formed of a low-friction sheet which is not bonded to the load bearing layer 23. As the sheet, for example, an olefin-based sheet, a fluorine-based sheet, a polyester-based sheet, or a polyamide-based sheet may be used.
As a material for the olefin-based sheet, there is given, for example, polyethylene or polypropylene. As a material for the fluorine-based sheet, there is given, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene. As a material for the polyester-based sheet, there is given, for example, polyethylene terephthalate. As a material for the polyamide-based sheet, there is given, for example, polyamide 6.
Further, a plurality of sheets can be arranged in layers. Moreover, the liquid lubricant, the semi-solid lubricant, and the solid lubricant can be used in combination. For example, a configuration in which the liquid lubricant is arranged on a surface of the sheet of the solid lubricant is conceivable. Through use of such a lubricant, shear resistance in the intermediate layer 24 can be reduced, thereby improving the flexibility of the suspension body 7.
Moreover, as a material for the intermediate layer 24, there may be used a material that is more flexible and richer in cushioning property in the compressing direction than the material of the segment layer 25. An example of such material includes a polymer foam. Examples of the polymer foam include a polyurethane foam, a polyethylene foam, a polyethylene terephthalate foam, a polypropylene foam, an acrylic foam, a polystyrene foam, a phenol foam, a silicone foam, and an EVA foam.
Through use of the above-mentioned material that is rich in cushioning property in the compressing direction, vibration and a shock during operation of the car 8 can be absorbed. Further, when the suspension body 7 receives tension, a portion of the suspension body 7 held in contact with the driving sheave 6 is compressed in the thickness direction, and the thickness of the contact portion is reduced. As a result, the suspension body 7 is easily bent and deformed.
Further, the intermediate layer 24 may be formed of fibers (hereinafter referred to as “intermediate-layer fibers”). It is preferred that a form of the intermediate-layer fibers in this case be continuous fibers continuous in the length direction of the core 21, but the form of the intermediate-layer fibers may be long fibers or short fibers. When the intermediate-layer fibers are placed in the intermediate layer 24, deformation of the intermediate layer 24 in the compressing direction, namely, the thickness direction can be suppressed, thereby being capable of relieving stress concentration caused by bending of the segment layer 25 at the time of reception of the compressive load.
Moreover, when the intermediate-layer fibers are placed in the intermediate layer 24, it is preferred that a fiber density or modulus of elasticity of the intermediate-layer fibers, which are arranged in the intermediate layer 24 along the length direction of the core 21, be set lower than a fiber density or modulus of elasticity of the high-strength fibers, which are arranged in the load bearing layer 23 along the length direction of the core 21.
With this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the intermediate layer 24 in the length direction of the core 21 can be set lower than that of the load bearing layer 23 while suppressing compressive deformation of the intermediate layer 24, thereby improving the flexibility of the suspension body 7.
As a method of reducing a fiber density, for example, there is given a method of reducing a fiber diameter or a method of reducing a content of fibers. As a method of reducing a modulus of elasticity of fibers, for example, there is given a method of using glass fibers, polyester fibers, polyarylate fibers, polyethylene fibers, or aramid fibers as the intermediate-layer fibers when the high-strength fibers in the load bearing layer 23 are carbon fibers.
Further, when the intermediate-layer fibers are placed in the intermediate layer 24, the intermediate-layer fibers may include inclined fibers inclined with respect to the length direction of the core 21, for example, inclined at 45 degrees. With this configuration, the rigidity against torsion can be improved while reducing the rigidity against bending in the length direction of the core 21.
Moreover, when the intermediate-layer fibers are placed in the intermediate layer 24, the intermediate-layer fibers may include orthogonal fibers arranged along a direction orthogonal to the length direction of the core 21, that is, along the width direction of the suspension body 7. With this configuration, the flexural rigidity in the width direction of the core 21 can be improved while reducing the rigidity against bending in the length direction of the core 21.
Moreover, the load bearing layer 23 in the first embodiment may be formed of the high-strength fiber group without the impregnation resin. With this configuration, the flexural rigidity can be further reduced.
Further, the covering layer 22 may contain the lubricant.
Moreover, a portion including the lubricant and a portion without the lubricant may be provided depending on positions in the length direction for each of the covering layer 22, the load bearing layer 23, and the intermediate layer 24.
Next,
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, the resin of the covering layer 22 is interposed between the core segments 26, and hence the suspension body 7 is easily bent also in the width direction thereof. Thus, when a surface of the driving sheave 6 to be brought into contact with the suspension body 7 is curved in the width direction of the suspension body 7, the suspension body 7 is easily bent along the driving sheave 6.
The number of segments of the core 21 may be any number equal to or more than two.
Further, also in the configuration in which the core 21 is divided, the number of the segment layers 25 and the configurations of the intermediate layers 24 can be modified in a manner similar to that in the first embodiment.
Next,
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, when the suspension body 7 is bent, owing to deformation in the shearing direction of both the intermediate layers 24 in each of the cores 21, and the resin of the covering layer 22 entering the region between the cores 21, stress generated on the segment layers 25 can be reduced.
The number of the cores 21 may be any number equal to or more than two.
Further, also in the configuration in which two or more cores 21 are arranged in the covering layer 22, the number of the segment layers 25 and the configurations of the intermediate layers 24 can be modified in a manner similar to that in the first embodiment.
Moreover, in the configuration in which two or more cores 21 are arranged in the covering layer 22, at least a part of the cores 21 may be divided into the plurality of core segments 26 as in the second embodiment. That is, the second embodiment and the third embodiment may be carried out in combination.
Next,
Further, the deformation suppressing members 27 in the fourth embodiment are interposed between the segment layers 25 adjacent to each other in the thickness direction of the core 21, and function as spacers configured to maintain the distance between the segment layers 25. In
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, compressive strength of the suspension body 7 is improved, and deformation of the intermediate layer 24 in the compressing direction is suppressed. Accordingly, it is possible to relieve stress concentration on the segment layers 25, which are respectively located at the innermost layer and the outermost layer, when the core 21 receives the compressive load in the thickness direction.
The deformation suppressing members may be arranged so as to be continuous in the length direction of the core 21, or arranged so as to be divided into a plurality of segments in the length direction. Alternatively, granular deformation suppressing members may be arranged so as to be dispersed in the length direction of the core 21.
Further, the deformation suppressing members may be arranged over an entire length of the suspension body 7, or arranged in portions of the suspension body 7 bearing the compressive load, for example, end portions of the suspension body 7 and a portion of the suspension body 7 to be brought into contact with the driving sheave 6.
Moreover, the deformation suppressing members may be embedded in the intermediate layer so as not to be held in direct contact with the segment layers.
Moreover, the deformation suppressing members may be provided in the intermediate layer in the second embodiment or the third embodiment.
Next,
The outermost layer 31 is a layer arranged outermost in the core 21 in a radial direction of the driving sheave 6 when the suspension body 7 is bent along the driving sheave 6. The innermost layer 32 is a layer arranged innermost in the core 21 in the radial direction of the driving sheave 6 when the suspension body 7 is bent along the driving sheave 6.
The intermediate bearing layer 33 is evenly interposed between the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 throughout the length direction and the width direction of the core 21. Similarly to the first embodiment, each of the outermost layer 31, the innermost layer 32, and the intermediate bearing layer 33 is formed of the impregnation resin and the high-strength fiber group provided in the impregnation resin.
However, in the fifth embodiment, flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 is lower than flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33. The flexural rigidity of each layer can be adjusted through change of, for example, a density of the high-strength fibers forming the high-strength fiber group, a material for the high-strength fibers, or a material for the impregnation resin.
That is, by setting the density of the high-strength fibers in each of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 lower than the density of the high-strength fibers in the intermediate bearing layer 33, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 can be set lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33.
Further, also by setting the modulus of elasticity of each of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 lower than the modulus of elasticity of the intermediate bearing layer 33, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 can be set lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33. The other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32, which are located away from a neutral plane C being a plane free from expansion and contraction when the suspension body 7 is bent, is lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33, and hence the flexibility in the length direction of the core 21 is improved. With this configuration, when the suspension body 7 is bent, stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 can be reduced.
Next,
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, as described in the first embodiment, the intermediate layers 24 are easily deformed in the shearing direction, thereby further improving the flexibility in the length direction of the core 21. In particular, through use of the intermediate layers 24 made of a material having low shear rigidity, when the suspension body 7 is bent, stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 can be further relieved.
Next,
Even with this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 can be set lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33, thereby improving the flexibility of the suspension body 7. Further, when the suspension body 7 is wound around the driving sheave 6, stress generated on the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 can be reduced.
Next,
Even with this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 can be set smaller than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33, thereby improving the flexibility of the suspension body 7.
In this configuration, there is no discontinuous variation in flexural rigidity, and hence strength can be stabilized.
Both ends of each core segment 26 in the width direction protrude continuously and gradually toward the outer side in the width direction from both ends of the core segment 26 in the thickness direction to an intermediate portion thereof. With this configuration, the width dimension of each of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 is smaller than the width dimension of the intermediate bearing layer 33.
Next,
That is, the ninth embodiment is a combination of the seventh embodiment and the eighth embodiment. The other configurations are the same as those of the seventh embodiment or the eighth embodiment.
Further,
As described above, the configurations in the fifth embodiment to the eighth embodiment for setting the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33 may be carried out in combination as appropriate.
Next,
A plurality of bar-like guide members 35 configured to guide the high-strength fibers 34 are provided in each of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32. The guide members 35 are arranged apart from each other in the length direction of the core 21. Further, the guide members 35 are arranged in parallel to the width direction of the core 21.
Although not shown, the high-strength fibers forming the intermediate bearing layer 33 are arranged in parallel to the length direction of the core 21. With this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 is lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33. The other configurations are the same as those of the seventh embodiment.
Even with this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 can be set lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33, thereby improving the flexibility of the suspension body 7.
The guide members 35 may each be formed of a weft or a bundle of wefts.
Further, when the high-strength fibers 34 can be arranged in a corrugated manner, the guide members 35 may be omitted. For example, there may be used a fabric of the high-strength fibers 34 woven into a corrugated shape in advance.
Moreover, the high-strength fibers 34 having a corrugated shape in the tenth embodiment may be applied to the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 in the fifth embodiment to the ninth embodiment.
Moreover, in
Further, the fifth embodiment to the tenth embodiment may be carried out in combination with the second embodiment, the third embodiment, and the fourth embodiment as appropriate, and the effects of the respective embodiments can be attained.
Moreover, in the fifth embodiment to the tenth embodiment, the load bearing layer 23 has the three-layer structure. However, the intermediate bearing layer 33 may be divided into a plurality of layers so that the load bearing layer 23 is formed of four or more layers.
Next,
In the eleventh embodiment, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 is lower than the flexural rigidity of the other layers forming the load bearing layer 23, that is, the flexural rigidity of the innermost layer 32 and the intermediate bearing layer 33. The flexural rigidity of the innermost layer 32 is lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33, or equal to the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33.
As a method of making a difference in rigidity between the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32, the following method is given. For example, by setting the density of the high-strength fibers in the outermost layer 31 lower than the density of the high-strength fibers in each of the innermost layer 32 and the intermediate bearing layer 33, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 can be set lower than the flexural rigidity of the innermost layer 32 and the intermediate bearing layer 33.
Further, also by setting the modulus of elasticity of the outermost layer 31 lower than the modulus of elasticity of each of the innermost layer 32 and the intermediate bearing layer 33, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 can be set lower than the flexural rigidity of the innermost layer 32 and the intermediate bearing layer 33. The other configurations are the same as those of the sixth embodiment.
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, when the suspension body 7 is wound around the driving sheave 6, stress generated on the outermost layer 31 can be reduced. Further, there is a difference in rigidity between one side and another side of the core 21 in the thickness direction, and hence the suspension body 7 is easily bent when being wound around the driving sheave 6. Moreover, when the suspension body 7 receives the compressive load in the length direction from, for example, the hoisting machine brake, the suspension body 7 can be easily bent in one direction.
Next,
Even with this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 is lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33, and there is a difference in rigidity between the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32. Accordingly, the suspension body 7 is easily bent when being wound around the driving sheave 6. Further, when the suspension body 7 receives the compressive load in the length direction from, for example, the hoisting machine brake, the suspension body 7 can be easily bent in one direction.
Next,
Further, the width dimension of the innermost layer 32 is smaller than the width dimension of the intermediate bearing layer 33. With this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the innermost layer 32 is lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33. The other configurations are the same as those of the eleventh embodiment.
Even with this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 is lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33, and there is a difference in rigidity between the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32. Accordingly, the suspension body 7 is easily bent when being wound around the driving sheave 6. Further, when the suspension body 7 receives the compressive load in the length direction from, for example, the hoisting machine brake, the suspension body 7 can be easily bent in one direction.
Next,
Further, the thickness dimension of the outermost layer 31 is smaller than the thickness dimensions of the innermost layer 32 and the intermediate bearing layer 33. With this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 is lower than the flexural rigidity of the innermost layer 32 and the intermediate bearing layer 33. The other configurations are the same as those of the eleventh embodiment.
Even with this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32 is lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33, and there is a difference in rigidity between the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32. Accordingly, the suspension body 7 is easily bent when being wound around the driving sheave 6. Further, when the suspension body 7 receives the compressive load in the length direction from, for example, the hoisting machine brake, the suspension body 7 can be easily bent in one direction.
The configurations in the eleventh embodiment to the fourteenth embodiment for setting the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 lower than the flexural rigidity of the innermost layer 32 and the intermediate bearing layer 33 may be carried out in combination as appropriate.
Further, in
Moreover, the eleventh embodiment to the fourteenth embodiment may be carried out as appropriate in combination with the embodiments described prior to the eleventh embodiment, and the effects of the respective embodiments can be attained.
Moreover, in the eleventh embodiment to the fourteenth embodiment, the load bearing layer 23 has the three-layer structure. However, the intermediate bearing layer 33 may be divided into a plurality of layers so that the load bearing layer 23 is formed of four or more layers.
Next,
With this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the layers forming the load bearing layer 23 decreases gradually from the innermost layer 32 toward the outermost layer 31. That is, the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33 is lower than the flexural rigidity of the innermost layer 32, and the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 is lower than the flexural rigidity of the intermediate bearing layer 33. The other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, there is a difference in rigidity between the outermost layer 31 and the innermost layer 32. Accordingly, the suspension body 7 is easily bent when being wound around the driving sheave 6.
Further, there is a difference in rigidity between one side and another side of the core 21 in the thickness direction. Accordingly, when the suspension body 7 receives the compressive load in the length direction from, for example, the hoisting machine brake, the suspension body 7 can be easily bent in one direction and be less likely to buckle.
In the configurations illustrated in
In
Further, the fifteenth embodiment may be carried out in combination with, for example, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, and the tenth embodiment as appropriate, and the effects of the respective embodiments can be attained.
Moreover, in the fifteenth embodiment, the load bearing layer 23 has the three-layer structure. However, the intermediate bearing layer 33 may be divided into a plurality of layers so that the load bearing layer 23 is formed of four or more layers.
Moreover, in the eleventh embodiment to the fourteenth embodiment, the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31 is set lower than the flexural rigidity of the innermost layer 32, but the flexural rigidity of the innermost layer 32 may be set lower than the flexural rigidity of the outermost layer 31. That is, the configurations illustrated in
Further, in the fifteenth embodiment, the flexural rigidity of the load bearing layer 23 is set to become gradually lower from the radially inner side toward the radially outer side, but the flexural rigidity of the load bearing layer 23 may be set to become gradually lower from the radially outer side toward the radially inner side. That is, the configurations illustrated in
Next,
The fiber density of the high-strength fibers in each of the second regions 23b is lower than the fiber density of the high-strength fibers in the first region 23a.
The first region 23a and the second regions 23b are combined so that a value of E×W, which is a product of a modulus of elasticity E and a width W of the load bearing layer 23 in each end of the core 21 in the thickness direction, is smaller than a value of E×W, which is a product of the modulus of elasticity E and the width W of the load bearing layer 23 in the neutral plane C of the core 21.
In
With this configuration, the first region 23a becomes continuously and gradually narrower from the neutral plane C in the thickness direction of the core, and the second regions 23b become continuously and gradually wider. The other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, a portion of the core 21 on the front surface side, which is distant from the neutral plane C, has low flexural rigidity, and hence flexibility in the length direction of the core 21 is improved.
Further, the region 23b may have a configuration without the high-strength fibers. The region 23b may be made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or an elastomeric material, or may be formed of a lubricant prevented from adhering to the first region 23a or a sheet having a low frictional property. Further, a plurality of sheets can be arranged in layers, and a liquid lubricant, a semi-solid lubricant, and a solid lubricant may be used in combination. For example, a configuration in which the liquid lubricant is arranged on a surface of the sheet of the solid lubricant is conceivable. With this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the suspension body 7 can be further reduced.
Even with the configurations illustrated in
In the sixteenth embodiment, the fiber density of the second region 23b is set lower than the fiber density of the first region 23a, but the modulus of elasticity of the second region 23b in the length direction may be set lower than the modulus of elasticity of the first region 23a in the length direction.
Next,
With this configuration, the value of E×W of the load bearing layer 23 at each end of the core 21 in the thickness direction is smaller than the value of E×W of the load bearing layer 23 at the neutral plane C of the core 21.
In
Further,
Moreover, in the sixteenth embodiment and the seventeenth embodiment, the value E×W of the load bearing layer 23 at each end of the core 21 in the thickness direction is smaller than the value E×W of the load bearing layer 23 at the neutral plane C of the core 21. However, only the value of E×W of the load bearing layer 23 at any one of both ends of the core 21 in the thickness direction may be set smaller than the value E×W of the load bearing layer 23 at the neutral plane C of the core 21.
Next,
The fiber density of the high-strength fibers in the outermost layer 31 is lower than the fiber density of the high-strength fibers in the innermost layer 32. With this configuration, the values of E×W of the load bearing layer 23 at both ends of the core 21 in the thickness direction are different from each other.
Specifically, a value of E×B of the load bearing layer 23 at an end surface on a radially outer side of the driving sheave 6 when the suspension body 7 is bent along the driving sheave 6 is smaller than a value of E×B of the load bearing layer 23 at an end surface on a radially inner side thereof. Therefore, in the cross section perpendicular to the length direction of the core 21, the flexural rigidity per unit thickness of the load bearing layer 23 at the end portion on the radially outer side of the driving sheave 6 is lower than the flexural rigidity per unit thickness of the load bearing layer 23 at the end portion on the radially inner side thereof. The other configurations are the same as those of the sixteenth embodiment.
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, when the suspension body 7 is bent along the driving sheave 6, compressive stress generated on the core 21 can be reduced.
Moreover, there is a difference in rigidity between one side and another side of the core 21 in the thickness direction. Thus, when the suspension body 7 receives the compressive load in the length direction from, for example, the hoisting machine brake, the suspension body 7 can be easily bent in one direction.
In the eighteenth embodiment, the fiber density of the outermost layer 31 is set lower than the fiber density of the innermost layer 32, but the modulus of elasticity of the outermost layer 31 may be set lower than the modulus of elasticity of the innermost layer 32.
Next,
However, the width dimension of the load bearing layer 23 at the end surface on the radially outer side of the driving sheave 6 when the suspension body 7 is bent along the driving sheave 6 is smaller than the width dimension of the load bearing layer 23 at the end surface on the radially inner side thereof. With this configuration, the value of E×B of the load bearing layer 23 at the end surface on the radially outer side is smaller than the value of E×B of the load bearing layer 23 at the end surface on the radially inner side thereof.
Therefore, in the cross section perpendicular to the length direction of the core 21, the flexural rigidity per unit thickness of the load bearing layer 23 at the end portion on the radially outer side of the driving sheave 6 is lower than the flexural rigidity per unit thickness of the load bearing layer 23 at the end portion on the radially inner side thereof.
Further, the width dimension of the load bearing layer 23 continuously varies in the thickness direction of the core 21. The other configurations are the same as those of the eighteenth embodiment.
Even with this configuration, the flexibility in the length direction of the core 21 can be improved. Further, there is a difference in rigidity between one side and another side in the thickness direction of the core 21. Thus, when the suspension body 7 receives the compressive load in the length direction from, for example, the hoisting machine brake, the suspension body 7 can be easily bent in one direction.
The sectional shape of the load bearing layer 23 is not limited to that illustrated in
Next,
As described above, through combination of the eighteenth embodiment and the nineteenth embodiment, the effects greater than those of the eighteenth embodiment and the nineteenth embodiment can be attained.
The nineteenth embodiment and the modification example of the eighteenth embodiment may be combined.
Further, in the eighteenth embodiment to the twentieth embodiment, the load bearing layer 23 may be formed of two layers or four or more layers.
Moreover, when the load bearing layer 23 is formed of a plurality of layers, the intermediate layer 24 as described in the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment may be interposed.
Moreover, in the eighteenth embodiment to the twentieth embodiment, the value of E×B of the load bearing layer 23 at the end surface on the radially outer side is set smaller than the value of E×B of the load bearing layer 23 at the end surface on the radially inner side, but the values of E×B may be set in reverse. That is, the configurations illustrated in
Next,
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, the resin of the covering layer 22 is interposed between the core segments 26, and hence the suspension body 7 is easily bent in the width direction thereof. Thus, when a surface of the driving sheave 6 to be brought into contact with the suspension body 7 is curved in the width direction of the suspension body 7, the suspension body 7 is easily bent along the driving sheave 6. Thus, when the suspension body 7 is bent, stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 can be reduced.
The number of segments of the core 21 may be any number equal to or more than two.
Further, also in embodiments other than the second embodiment and the eighth embodiment, the core 21 can be divided into the plurality of core segments 26.
Next,
The first regions 23a and the second region 23b are combined so that a value of E×W, which is a product of a modulus of elasticity E and a width W of the second region 23b in each end of the core 21 in the thickness direction, is smaller than a value of E×W, which is a product of the modulus of elasticity E and the width W in a plane D that is located on an inner side of the core 21 in the thickness direction and includes the first region 23a.
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, a portion of the core 21 on the front surface side, which is distant from the neutral plane C, has low flexural rigidity, and hence the flexibility in the length direction of the core 21 is improved.
Further, the second region 23b may have a configuration without the high-strength fibers. The second region 23b may be made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or an elastomeric material, or may be formed of a lubricant prevented from adhering to the first region 23a or a sheet having a low frictional property. Further, a plurality of sheets can be arranged in layers, and a liquid lubricant, a semi-solid lubricant, and a solid lubricant may be used in combination. For example, a configuration in which the liquid lubricant is arranged on a surface of the sheet of the solid lubricant is conceivable. With this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the suspension body 7 can be further reduced.
The first regions 23a in the twenty-second embodiment illustrated in
With such a configuration, the flexural rigidity of the first region 23a on the outermost layer side is lower than the flexural rigidity of the first region 23a on the innermost layer side, and there is a difference in rigidity between one side and another side in the thickness direction of the core 21. Thus, when the suspension body 7 receives the compressive load in the length direction from, for example, the hoisting machine brake, the suspension body 7 can be easily bent in one direction.
The configurations illustrated in
Further, in
Next,
The first regions 23a and the second region 23b are combined so that a value of E×W, which is a product of a modulus of elasticity E and a width W of the second region 23b in each end of the core 21 in the thickness direction, is smaller than a value of E×W, which is a product of the modulus of elasticity E and the width W in the plane D that is located on the inner side of the core 21 and includes the first regions 23a.
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, the first regions 23a configured to bear the load are split into small circular pieces, and hence the flexibility in the length direction of the core 21 is improved.
Further, the second region 23b may have a configuration without the high-strength fibers. The second region 23b may be made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or an elastomeric material, or may be formed of a lubricant prevented from adhering to the first regions 23a. With this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the suspension body 7 can be further reduced.
A configuration without the covering layer 22 may be adopted.
Further, the shape of each of the first regions 23a may be a rectangular shape or an elliptical shape other than the circular shape. Further, the high-strength fibers forming the first region 23a may be arranged along the length direction, or woven into a stranded wire.
Moreover, the number of the first regions 23a can be set suitably in accordance with the specifications of the suspension body 7.
With such a configuration, the flexural rigidity of the first regions 23a on the outermost layer side is lower than the flexural rigidity of the first regions 23a on the innermost layer side, and there is a difference in rigidity between one side and another side in the thickness direction of the core 21. Thus, when the suspension body 7 receives the compressive load in the length direction from, for example, the hoisting machine brake, the suspension body 7 can be easily bent in one direction.
Further, in
Further, the region 23b may have a configuration without the high-strength fibers. The region 23b may be made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or an elastomeric material, or may be formed of a lubricant prevented from adhering to the first regions 23a. With this configuration, the flexural rigidity of the suspension body 7 can be further reduced.
With such a configuration, the flexural rigidity at the plane D formed of the regions 23b on the front surface side is lower than the flexural rigidity of the first region 23a at the neutral plane C, and hence the flexibility of the suspension body 7 is improved.
Next,
The core 21 configured to bear the load includes the plurality of load bearing layers 23. The load bearing layers 23 are divided into two layers in the thickness direction of the suspension body 7. The load bearing layer 23 on the radially outer side of the driving sheave 6 is arranged continuously in the width direction of the suspension body 7. The load bearing layer 23 on the radially inner side of the driving sheave 6 is divided into a plurality of pieces in the width direction of the suspension body 7, and the plurality of pieces are arranged so as to be dispersed in the surface protrusions 7d, respectively.
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, when tension acts on the suspension body 7 under a state in which the surface protrusions 7d and the grooves 6a engage with each other, a contact frictional force is increased. Thus, higher power can be transmitted as compared to a case in which the suspension body 7 has a flat surface.
Further, the surface protrusions 7d of the suspension body 7 and the grooves 6a of the driving sheave 6 engage with each other, and hence shifting of the suspension body 7 in the width direction of the driving sheave 6 can be prevented.
Moreover, the core 21 is present in the surface protrusions 7d, and hence the rigidity of the surface protrusions 7d against shifting in the width direction is improved.
Moreover, there is a difference in rigidity between one side and another side in the thickness direction of the core 21. Thus, when the suspension body 7 receives the compressive load in the length direction from, for example, the hoisting machine brake, the suspension body 7 can be easily bent in one direction.
In the example illustrated in
Further, the number of the surface protrusions 7d is not limited to three.
Moreover, the sectional shape of each of the surface protrusions 7d is not limited to the V-shape.
Moreover, the number of the load bearing layers 23 is not limited to two.
Further, the core 21 illustrated in
Next,
In the above-mentioned suspension body 7, through contact between a relatively flat surface of the driving sheave 6 and the inner-peripheral-side surface of the suspension body 7, wear of the inner-peripheral-side surface of the suspension body 7 can be visually checked. In particular, through combination of the grooves 22a having different depths, a progress status of wear is more easily checked.
In
Further, the direction of the grooves 22a is not limited to a direction parallel to the length direction of the suspension body 7. For example, the grooves 22a may extend at an angle of 45° or 90° with respect to the length direction.
Moreover, the sectional shape of each of the grooves 22a is not limited to the rectangular shape, and may be, for example, a V-shape or a semicircular shape. However, when the sectional shape of each of the grooves 22a is rectangular as illustrated in
Next,
Particularly in this example, the intermediate layers 24a and the core covering layer 22c are each formed of the lubricant, and hence slipping easily occurs in a region between adjacent layers. The intermediate layers 24a and the core covering layer 22c may be each made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or an elastomeric material, or may be formed of a lubricant prevented from adhering to the load bearing layer 23 or a sheet having a low frictional property. Further, a plurality of sheets can be arranged in layers, and a liquid lubricant, a semi-solid lubricant, and a solid lubricant may be used in combination. For example, a configuration in which the liquid lubricant is arranged on a surface of the sheet of the solid lubricant is conceivable.
Meanwhile, in
The intermediate layers 24b and the core covering layer 22b are each made of a solid material that bonds interlayer regions. The solid material may be the same material as that for the load bearing layer 23 or the covering layer 22, or may be a different material.
In this configuration, owing to the adhesion portions 7e, the entire suspension body 7 can have the hard and integrated structure, and at the same time, shifting between the load bearing layers 23 can be allowed at portions bent along the driving sheave 6. Thus, readiness of bending can be achieved.
In this structure, no slipping occurs between the covering layer 22 and the load bearing layer 23. Thus, while further maintaining an external shape, shifting between the load bearing layers 23 is allowed at portions bent along the driving sheave 6, thereby being capable of achieving readiness of bending.
The neutral plane C, which is a plane prevented from expanding and contracting when the suspension body 7 is bent, is located at the center of the core 21 in the thickness direction as illustrated in
Moreover, as described in some of the above-mentioned embodiments, when the difference in rigidity is set between one end and another end of the core 21 in the thickness direction, it is suitable to wind the suspension body 7 around the driving sheave 6 in a direction in which the suspension body 7 is easily bent when the suspension body 7 is bent along the outer peripheral surface of the driving sheave 6. In this manner, workability when the suspension body 7 is wound around the driving sheave 6 can be improved.
Further, the configuration of the elevator, to which the suspension body 7 according to the embodiments described above is applied, is not limited to the configuration illustrated in
Next, description is made of a twenty-seventh embodiment of this invention. An entire configuration of an elevator according to the twenty-seventh embodiment is the same as that illustrated in
Further, in the twenty-seventh embodiment, as illustrated in
Moreover, in the twenty-seventh embodiment, a radius of the driving sheave 6 is set so as to satisfy the following conditions.
Condition 1: Under a state in which loads of the car 8 and the counterweight 9 are applied to the suspension body 7, and the suspension body 7 is bent along the driving sheave 6, maximum tensile stress generated on the load bearing layer in the length direction of the suspension body 7 is lower than tensile strength of the suspension body 7 in the length direction.
Condition 2: Under a state in which the loads of the car 8 and the counterweight 9 are applied to the suspension body 7, and the suspension body 7 is bent along the driving sheave 6, maximum compressive stress generated on the load bearing layer in the length direction of the suspension body 7 is lower than compressive strength of the suspension body 7 in the length direction.
Here, t represents a thickness of the suspension body 7 in a state of being wound around the driving sheave 6, and R represents a distance from the center of the driving sheave 6 to the center of the suspension body 7 in the thickness direction.
In contrast, when the tensile load is applied, in terms of a unit winding angle dθ, the portion of the suspension body 7 held in contact with the driving sheave 6 is compressed and thus represented by (R−t/2)dθ. Meanwhile, the portion of the suspension body 7 that is not held in contact with the driving sheave 6 is represented by (R+t/2)dθ.
Therefore, a difference between a length of an inner peripheral surface held in contact with the driving sheave 6 and a length of an outer peripheral surface that is not held in contact with the driving sheave 6 is determined by the thickness t×the unit winding angle dθ. Further, shear strain is determined by the unit winding angle dθ.
The stress generated by the change in shape illustrated in
In the twenty-seventh embodiment, the both end portions of the suspension body 7 are held by the end holding devices 41, and hence shifting of the load bearing layer in the suspension body 7 is not allowed for the stress generated on the suspension body 7. Thus, it is desired that the radius of the driving sheave 6 be determined in strict consideration of the sectional area A and the thickness t of the suspension body 7 and a maximum tension load.
That is, in order to prevent breakage of the load bearing layer, it is desired that the radius of the driving sheave 6 be determined so that compressive strength of the load bearing layer satisfies Spress<−E×t/(2·R)+T/A (Condition 1), and that tensile strength of the load bearing layer satisfies Spull>E×t/(2·R)+T/A (Condition 2).
As described in the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment, when the load bearing layer 23 is divided into the plurality of segment layers 25, a thickness dimension of the segment layer 25 having the largest thickness dimension may be set to t.
With this configuration, while preventing generation of excessive stress on the load bearing layer 23 when the suspension body 7 is bent and thus preventing breakage of the load bearing layer, a bend radius of the suspension body 7 can be reduced, and the radius of the driving sheave 6 can be reduced.
It is preferred that the tensile load T be estimated higher with the assumption not only about a static condition but also about a case in which the load is increased extremely when a user gets on the car 8 or sudden braking occurs.
Specifically, the tensile load T is determined through estimation of the load applied to the suspension body 7 under a condition that the maximum loading passenger weight is added to the weight of the car 8 and sudden deceleration is performed at 1G, which is the maximum acceleration of a traction drive-type elevator. Further, it is preferred that the radius of the driving sheave 6 be determined within a range in which the maximum tensile stress at this application does not exceed the tensile strength.
Further, in this case, it is preferred that the tensile strength and the compressive strength be set equal to or lower than the half of ideal strength in consideration of reduction in strength of the load bearing layer over time.
Moreover, in general, as the radius of the driving sheave 6 becomes smaller, required driving torque of the hoisting machine motor may become lower. This is thus economical. In particular, when the radius of the driving sheave 6 is equal to or smaller than 200 mm, a general-purpose motor can be used. Accordingly, it is preferred that the thickness t of the suspension body 7 be determined in consideration of the tensile load T so that the radius of the driving sheave 6 can be set equal to or smaller than 200 mm.
Next,
Specifically, at each end portion of the suspension body 7, the end holding device 41 is configured to retain each end portion of the suspension body 7 so that one end of the suspension body 7 in the thickness direction, namely, an end portion to be brought into contact with the driving sheave 6 protrudes more than another end of the suspension body 7 in the thickness direction. In other words, the end holding device 41 is configured to retain each end portion of the suspension body 7 so that an outer surface of the suspension body 7 in a radial direction of the driving sheave 6 comes close to the driving sheave 6. The other configurations are the same as those of the twenty-seventh embodiment.
In such an elevator, stress generated by the tensile load on the suspension body 7 at the outer periphery of the driving sheave 6 can be reduced. Thus, the bend radius of the suspension body 7 can be reduced, and the radius of the driving sheave 6 can be reduced within a range in which the tensile stress and the compressive stress generated on the suspension body 7 do not exceed the critical strength.
In the twenty-eighth embodiment, at both end portions of the suspension body 7, one end and another end of the suspension body 7 in the thickness direction are shifted from each other in the length direction of the suspension body 7, but one end and another end of the suspension body 7 in the thickness direction may be shifted from each other at only any one of the both end portions.
Next, description is made of a twenty-ninth embodiment of this invention. An entire configuration of an elevator according to the twenty-ninth embodiment is the same as that illustrated in
When stress is generated by the tensile load on the portion of the suspension body 7 wound around the driving sheave 6, a bending moment M acts on each end portion of the suspension body 7. At this time, as illustrated in
Even with this configuration, stress generated by the tensile load on the suspension body 7 at the outer periphery of the driving sheave 6 can be reduced. Thus, the bend radius of the suspension body 7 can be reduced, and the radius of the driving sheave 6 can be reduced within a range in which the tensile stress and the compressive stress generated on the suspension body 7 do not exceed the critical strength.
Further, when the large bending moment M is applied, the end holding device 41 can be inclined. Accordingly, only an amount of shifting transmitted to the end portion of the suspension body 7 can be efficiently eliminated.
The configuration in the twenty-ninth embodiment may be applied to only any one of the car 8 side and the counterweight 9 side.
Next,
In this example, a curvature radius of the arc 46a is equal to a curvature radius of a surface of the driving sheave 6 with which the suspension body 7 is held in contact. Further, a direction of bending the suspension body 7 along the arc 46a in the thickness direction is opposite to a direction of bending the suspension body 7 along the driving sheave 6.
Moreover, a winding angle range of the suspension body 7 on each guide body 46 is a half of a winding angle range of the suspension body 7 on the driving sheave 6. That is, a total of the winding angle ranges of the suspension body 7 on both of the guide bodies 46 is equal to the winding angle range of the suspension body 7 on the driving sheave 6. The other configurations are the same as those of the twenty-seventh embodiment.
Even with this configuration, stress generated by the tensile load on the suspension body 7 at the outer periphery of the driving sheave 6 can be reduced.
The shifting transmitted to the end portion of the suspension body 7 corresponds to the winding angle range of the suspension body 7 on the driving sheave 6 at the maximum. Thus, the total of the winding angle ranges of the suspension body 7 on the arcs 46a may be somewhat smaller than the winding angle range of the suspension body 7 on the driving sheave 6.
Next,
Similarly to the twenty-seventh embodiment, the second end portion 7b is retained and held by the end holding device 41. That is, in the thirty-first embodiment, all the amount of shifting caused when the suspension body 7 is bent along the driving sheave 6 concentrated on the first end portion 7a. The other configurations are the same as those of the twenty-seventh embodiment.
Even with this configuration, stress generated by the tensile load on the suspension body 7 at the outer periphery of the driving sheave 6 can be reduced.
Next,
The suspension body 7 is wound around the car suspension sheave 47, the driving sheave 6, and the counterweight suspension sheave 48 in the stated order from the first end portion 7a side.
Similarly to the twenty-seventh embodiment, the first end portion 7a is retained and held by the end holding device 41 in the upper part of the hoistway 1. In the upper part of the hoistway 1, the guide body 46 is provided. The second end portion 7b is bent along the arc 46a of the outer peripheral surface of the guide body 46. The distal end of the second end portion 7b is fastened to the guide body 46.
The direction of bending the suspension body 7 along the arc 46a in the thickness direction is opposite to a direction of bending the suspension body 7 along the counterweight suspension sheave 48. The other configurations are the same as those of the thirty-first embodiment.
Even with this configuration, stress generated by the tensile load on the suspension body 7 at the outer periphery of the driving sheave 6 can be reduced.
In the 2:1 roping method, the amount of shifting is eliminated by bending the suspension body 7 reversely, and hence it is desired that the amount of shifting at the end portion of the suspension body 7 be determined in consideration of the offset. In the example illustrated in
In the thirtieth embodiment to the thirty-second embodiment, it is only required that the guide body 46 have the arc 46a at the portion around which the suspension body 7 is wound. It is not always required that the guide body 46 be cylindrical.
Next,
Even with this configuration, stress generated by the tensile load on the suspension body 7 at the outer periphery of the driving sheave 6 can be reduced.
In the thirty-second embodiment and the thirty-third embodiment, the first end portion 7a and the second end portion 7b may be interchanged.
Further, in the twenty-eighth embodiment to the thirty-third embodiment, the sectional structure of the suspension body 7 may be any structure in the first embodiment to the twenty-sixth embodiment or another structure.
The suspension body 7 is wound around the car suspension sheave 47, the driving sheaves 6A and 6B, and the counterweight suspension sheave 48.
With this configuration, stress concentration on the end portions of the suspension body 7 due to end holding can be eliminated. The suspension body 7 produced into a ring shape in advance is used, and hence is wound with a bending angle of 360°. A direction of bending the suspension body 7 along the driving sheave 6A, the car suspension sheave 47, or the counterweight suspension sheave 48 is reverse to a direction of bending the suspension body 7 along the driving sheave 6B. The bending angle in the former direction corresponds to 180°×3=540°, and the bending angle in the latter direction corresponds to 180°. When the bending angle of 360° in an initial state is considered, the amount of shifting caused by bending is eliminated by the offset.
Now, description is made of a manufacturing method for the suspension body 7 including the intermediate layer 24 as described in the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment and the sixth embodiment to the fifteenth embodiment.
Each high-strength fiber fabric 54 is a unidirectional fiber fabric obtained by providing wefts 56 passing over and under high-strength fiber threads 55 shaped into a plurality of bundles. The wefts 56 may be made of any kinds of fibers. Further, in
The low-elasticity fiber layer 52 is formed by laminating a plurality of low-elasticity fiber fabrics having a modulus of elasticity lower than that of the high-strength fiber fabric 54. The low-elasticity fiber layer 52 may be formed of only a single low-elasticity fiber fabric.
As fibers to be used for the low-elasticity fiber fabric, namely, the intermediate-layer fibers in the thirty-fifth embodiment, glass fibers or polyester fibers are exemplified. Further, a form of the low-elasticity fiber fabric is, for example, a fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a knitted fabric.
The high-strength fiber layers 51 and the low-elasticity fiber layer 52 unwound from rolls are laminated in the laminating unit 57 so as to form the laminated body 53. Lamination of the high-strength fiber fabrics 54 forming each high-strength fiber layer 51, and lamination of the low-elasticity fiber fabrics forming each low-elasticity fiber layer 52 may be performed in the laminating unit 57.
The laminated body 53 formed in the laminating unit 57 is drawn into the resin bath 58 by the drawing device 60. The resin bath 58 contains an uncured thermosetting resin. As thermosetting resin, thermosetting resin to be used for the intermediate layers 24 and the segment layers 25 in the first embodiment is used. In the resin bath 58, the uncured thermosetting resin is impregnated into the laminated body 53. It is required that narrow spaces between fibers be impregnated with thermosetting resin, and hence it is desired that thermosetting resin in the resin bath 58 have low viscosity.
After that, the laminated body 53 is drawn into the hot forming device 59 by the drawing device 60. In the hot forming device 59, the laminated body 53 is heated so that thermosetting resin is cured. In this manner, the high-strength fiber layers 51 and the low-elasticity fiber layer 52 are integrated with each other, thereby forming the core 21 in the first embodiment. The core 21 is reeled by the reeling device 61.
The outer periphery of the core 21 illustrated in
The covering layer 22 is formed by covering the outer periphery of the core 21 with a resin through continuous press forming, intermittent press forming, or laminate forming, and then trimming unnecessary portions.
After that, the core 21 and the thermoplastic sheets 64 are transferred to the pressure forming device 63 and are subjected to pressure forming. In
The pressure forming device 63 includes a pair of forming dies 63a and 63b configured to sandwich the core 21 and the thermoplastic sheets 64 from the both sides of the core 21 in the thickness direction. The forming dies 63a and 63b apply pressure in directions indicated by the arrows in
According to this manufacturing method, the suspension body 7, in which the load bearing layer 23 is divided in the thickness direction of the core 21 and the intermediate layer 24 is interposed between the adjacent segment layers 25, can be easily manufactured. With this method, bendability of the core 21 can be improved, thereby being capable of relieving stress concentration on the segment layers 25, which are respectively located at the innermost layer and the outermost layer.
Next,
According to this manufacturing method, when cure shrinkage occurs as a result of curing of a resin, there is a difference in shrinkage ratio in the length direction between the high-strength fiber layers 51 and the low-elasticity fiber layer 52, and thus the low-elasticity fiber layer 52 shrinks more significantly than the high-strength fiber layers 51. As a result, as illustrated in
Next,
In the manufacturing method for the suspension body 7 according to the thirty-seventh embodiment, after the laminated body 53 is formed and before an uncured thermosetting resin is impregnated into the laminated body 53, the laminated body 53 is integrated through stitching. That is, the high-strength fiber layers 51 and the low-elasticity fiber layers 52 are tied up with a stitching material 65 such as a thread. The other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the thirty-fifth embodiment.
According to this manufacturing method, lateral shifting of the high-strength fiber layers 51 and the low-elasticity fiber layers 52 is prevented, thereby being capable of improving formability. When there is fiber shifting, a portion having the fiber shifting does not bear the load, with the result that strength of the suspension body 7 may be reduced. Through suppression of the fiber shifting, the suspension body 7 having sufficient strength can be obtained. Further, the fiber shifting can be suppressed through stitching. Moreover, in a resin impregnation step, a thermosetting resin is easily impregnated through the stitching material 65 in the thickness direction of the laminated body 53.
Next,
As the heating device 66, there is used a device capable of achieving rapid heating within a certain period of time, such as an ultrasonic heating device, a radical heater, or a far-infrared heater.
In the manufacturing method according to the thirty-eighth embodiment, after the thermoplastic sheets 64 are arranged around the core 21, the thermoplastic sheets 64 are preheated by the heating device 66, and then the core 21 and the thermoplastic sheets 64 are subjected to pressure forming. The other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the thirty-fifth embodiment or the thirtieth embodiment.
In this manufacturing method, prior to a pressure forming step, the thermoplastic sheets 64 are softened, thereby being capable of improving formability.
Next,
Further, as a material for the intermediate layers 24, there are used a plurality of intermediate-layer thermoplastic sheets 72 each made of a thermoplastic resin or thermoplastic elastomer described in the first embodiment. Moreover, as a material for the covering layers 22, there are used a plurality of covering-layer thermoplastic sheets 73 each made of a thermoplastic resin described in the first embodiment.
Each unidirectional FRP plate 71 is manufactured through pultrusion molding. As illustrated in
After that, the covering-layer thermoplastic sheets 73 are arranged so as to surround the laminated body 70, and the laminated body 70 and the covering-layer thermoplastic sheets 73 are subjected to pressure forming. In this manner, the laminated body 70 is integrated to form the core 21, and the covering-layer thermoplastic sheets 73 are integrated to form the covering layer 22. Then, as illustrated in
According to this manufacturing method, the suspension body 7, in which the load bearing layer 23 is divided in the thickness direction of the core 21 and the intermediate layer 24 is interposed between the adjacent segment layers 25, can be easily manufactured. With this method, bendability of the core 21 can be improved, thereby being capable of relieving stress concentration on the segment layers 25, which are respectively located at the innermost layer and the outermost layer.
Further, when the unidirectional FRP plate 71 is formed in advance so that a thermosetting resin is cured, shifting of the high-strength fiber layers in the segment layers 25 can be prevented. Moreover, through use of the intermediate-layer thermoplastic sheet 72 having elasticity lower than that of the low-elasticity fiber layer 52 in the thirty-fifth embodiment, an effect of shear deformation of the intermediate layer 24 can be improved.
Next,
In the fortieth embodiment, when the unidirectional FRP plate 71 is formed, there are used forming dies each having a sectional shape having projections and recesses in the width direction. The other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the thirty-ninth embodiment.
In
In this manufacturing method, when the laminated body 70 and the covering-layer thermoplastic sheets 73 are subjected to pressure forming, the unidirectional FRP plates 71 engage with each other at projections and recesses in the width direction through intermediation of the intermediate-layer thermoplastic sheet 72, thereby being capable of preventing shifting in the width direction. In this manner, the width dimension of the suspension body 7 can be set within a proper range.
Next,
In this manufacturing method, as a material for the FRP sheet 74, a thermoplastic resin is used, and hence the FRP sheet 74 and the intermediate-layer thermoplastic sheet 72 have high affinities for each other at the time of pressure forming. Thus, interlaminar strength between the segment layer 25 and the intermediate layer 24 can be improved. In particular, when the same kind of resin as that for the intermediate-layer thermoplastic sheet 72 is used as a thermoplastic resin for the FRP sheet 74, interlaminar strength can be further improved.
Further, a thermoplastic resin is used in the entire suspension body 7. Thus, after the covering layer 22 is formed, the end portion 7a or 7b of the suspension body 7 can be preheated so as to be formed into a freely selected shape, for example, a shape suitable for clasping of the end portion 7a or 7b.
In the manufacturing method according to the thirty-ninth embodiment to the forty-first embodiment, preheating may be performed similarly to the thirty-eighth embodiment. That is, after the covering-layer thermoplastic sheets 73 are arranged around the laminated body 70 and then the covering-layer thermoplastic sheets 73 are preheated, the laminated body 70 and the covering-layer thermoplastic sheets 73 may be subjected to pressure forming. In this manner, formability can be improved.
Further, when preheating is performed, preheating may be performed also on the laminated body 70.
Further, the manufacturing method according to the thirty-fifth embodiment to the forty-first embodiment is applicable also to the suspension body 7 as described in the second embodiment to the fourth embodiment and the sixth embodiment to the fifteenth embodiment.
Next, description is made of the manufacturing method for the suspension body 7 including the intermediate layer 24 as described in the thirty-fourth embodiment.
In the manufacturing method according to the forty-second embodiment, a high-strength fiber thread 81 pulled out from a bobbin 80 is returned to a bundle portion 82 after passing through the drawing device 60, and a required amount of fibers is bundled, thereby forming a bundle body. Then, an uncured thermosetting resin is impregnated into the bundle body, and the uncured thermosetting resin is heated and cured, thereby forming the core 21. The other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the thirty-fifth embodiment or the thirty-seventh embodiment.
In order to maintain a uniform peripheral length when the high-strength fiber thread 81 having passed through the drawing device 60 is returned to the bundle portion 82, it is desired that uniform tension be applied to the high-strength fiber thread 81 by, for example, a pulley. Through continuous application of the uniform tension on the high-strength fiber thread 81, the peripheral length is maintained to a length of the shortest path starting from the bundle portion 82 and returning to the bundle portion 82 via the drawing device 60.
According to this manufacturing method, the suspension body 7 having an endless ring shape described in the thirty-fourth embodiment can be manufactured. End portions of the high-strength fiber thread 81 are integrally formed as a bundle body of the high-strength fiber thread, and hence the suspension body 7 has no end portion.
Next,
The core 21 in the forty-third embodiment includes only the load bearing layer 23. The load bearing layer 23 is formed of an impregnation resin 103 and a plurality of high-strength fibers 102. Further, a density of the high-strength fibers 102 in the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction is higher than a density of the high-strength fibers 102 in each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction.
In all of the embodiments, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 means a ratio of the high-strength fibers forming the load bearing layer 23. That is, a volume content of the high-strength fibers 102 forming a fixed amount of the load bearing layer 23, or a ratio of a sectional area of the high-strength fibers 102 occupying the cross section perpendicular to the length direction of the core 21 corresponds to the density of the high-strength fibers 102.
In the forty-third embodiment, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 decreases continuously from the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction toward both end portions of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction. Further, in the forty-third embodiment, through variation of the number of the high-strength fibers 102 occupying the sectional area perpendicular to the length direction of the core 21, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 is varied. The other configurations are the same as those of the eleventh embodiment.
Here, tensile rigidity of the high-strength fibers 102 in the Z-axis direction is higher than tensile rigidity of the impregnation resin 103 in the Z-axis direction. This is because, in the entire FRP, the high-strength fibers 102 mainly have a function of increasing strength and rigidity, and the impregnation resin 103 mainly has a function of integrating the high-strength fibers 102.
The load bearing layer 23 in this embodiment is characterized in that tensile rigidity in the Z-axis direction is high at the center portion in the Y-axis direction, and that the tensile rigidity decreases at a portion farther from the center portion in the Y-axis direction. Thus, when the cross section of the load bearing layer 23 is the same shape and a content of the high-strength fibers 102 is the same, a sectional secondary moment in bending with respect to the X-axis, namely, bending about the X-axis becomes lower as compared to a case in which the high-strength fibers 102 are evenly dispersed in the impregnation resin 103.
With this configuration, the suspension body is easily bent with respect to the X-axis, and a winding start portion and a winding end portion of the suspension body wound around the driving sheave 6 are less liable to loosen up. Thus, the suspension body is less liable to slip off the driving sheave 6 when the suspension body is transferred by the driving sheave 6.
Further, it is desired that, in the load bearing layer 23 in the forty-third embodiment, the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction be located close to a position on the neutral axis at which the suspension body is not subjected to compression and tension under a state in which the suspension body is wound around the driving sheave 6. Thus, the tension acts on the suspension body in a state of being applied to the elevator, and hence it is desired that the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 be located on a side closer to a contact surface with the driving sheave 6 than to the center portion of the suspension body in the thickness direction.
Further, the contact surface of the suspension body with the driving sheave 6 can be increased, thereby being capable of increasing a transmittable drive force owing to a frictional force acting on the contact surface. Further, the suspension body is easily bent, and hence is easily handled during work such as storage, transport, installation, or replacement.
Here, the Young's modulus of the impregnation resin 103 affects readiness of bending of the entire load bearing layer 23. That is, when the Young's modulus of the impregnation resin 103 is set low, the readiness of bending is improved. Ideally, it is preferred that the Young's modulus of the impregnation resin 103 be set equal to or lower than 6 GPa.
Meanwhile, when bending with respect to the X-axis is caused to act on the load bearing layer 23, the high-strength fibers 102 are partially subjected to tension in the Z-axis direction, and are partially subjected to compression in the Z-axis direction. In contrast, when the Young's modulus of the impregnation resin 103 is set excessively low, the high-strength fibers 102 are easily moved in a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction in a case in which the high-strength fibers 102 are compressed. Then, separation occurs between the high-strength fibers 102 and the impregnation resin 103, with the result that a phenomenon of breakage of the load bearing layer 23 is liable to occur. Thus, it is desired that the Young's modulus of the impregnation resin 103 be set equal to or higher than 0.1 GPa.
As described above, it is preferred that the Young's modulus of the impregnation resin 103 be set equal to or lower than 6 GPa and equal to or higher than 0.1 GPa. In particular, as characteristics capable of properly balancing readiness of bending and unbreakableness, it is preferred to select the impregnation resin 103 having the Young's modulus of equal to or lower than 2 GPa, more preferably, the Young's modulus of equal to or lower than 1.5 GPa. This holds true for all other embodiments relating to the suspension body using the impregnation resin 103.
Further, it is preferred that, in a portion of the load bearing layer 23 having the highest density of the high-strength fibers 102, namely, the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction, a volume content of the high-strength fibers 102 be set equal to or larger than 60%, more preferably, equal to or larger than 70%.
Further, it is preferred that, in a portion of the load bearing layer 23 having the lowest density of the high-strength fibers 102, namely, each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction, the volume content of the high-strength fibers 102 be set equal to or lower than 50%, more preferably, equal to or lower than 40%.
This is because, when the density of the high-strength fibers 102 is excessively high, the effect of integrating the high-strength fibers 102 by the impregnation resin 103 is reduced, with the result that fatigue due to bending is liable to progress. The center portion in the thickness direction, which is subjected to low stress when the core 21 is bent in a longitudinal direction thereof, is formed to have a high carbon fiber density enabling impregnation in manufacture. Meanwhile, the end portion, which is subjected to a large change in stress due to bending, is formed to have a carbon fiber density capable of sufficiently attaining the integrating effect. Thus, optimization of fatigue and strength can be achieved.
In
The high-strength fiber groups 111 and 112 paid out from the bobbins are caused to pass through a fiber positioning unit 110. As illustrated in
The high-strength fiber groups 111 and 112 are caused to pass through the fiber positioning unit 110, and thus are brought close to each other while maintaining mutual relative positions. Further, the high-strength fiber groups 111 and 112 are caused to pass through an injection device 109 after passing through the fiber positioning unit 110.
In the injection device 109, the impregnation resin 103 is impregnated into a bundle of the high-strength fiber groups 111 and 112. The other configurations of the manufacturing apparatus and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the thirty-fifth embodiment.
As described above, the manufacturing method for the suspension body according to the forty-third embodiment includes first to fifth steps. The first step is a step of paying out the plurality of high-strength fiber groups 111 and 112 different in fiber density from the corresponding bobbins, respectively. The second step is a step of forming the bundle of the high-strength fiber groups 111 and 112 by bringing the high-strength fiber groups 111 and 112 close to each other while maintaining the mutual relative positions.
The third step is a step of impregnating the impregnation resin 103 into the bundle of the high-strength fiber groups 111 and 112. The fourth step is a step of forming the core 21 by performing hot forming on the bundle of the high-strength fiber groups 111 and 112 impregnated with a resin. The fifth step is a step of forming the covering layer 22 covering at least a part of the outer periphery of the core 21.
With this manufacturing method, the suspension body having the sectional structure as illustrated in
Next,
In the forty-fourth embodiment, a plurality of kinds of high-strength fibers 102 having different diameters are used. That is, as the high-strength fibers 102, a plurality of first high-strength fibers 102a and a plurality of second high-strength fibers 102b are used. A diameter of the second high-strength fibers 102b is larger than a diameter of the first high-strength fibers 102a. A material for the second high-strength fibers 102b is the same as a material for the first high-strength fibers 102a.
In the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction, the first high-strength fibers 102a are arranged among the second high-strength fibers 102b. In contrast, in each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction, no first high-strength fibers 102a are arranged among the second high-strength fibers 102b, or the number of the first high-strength fibers 102a arranged among the second high-strength fibers 102b is reduced.
With this configuration, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction is higher than the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction.
Further, through continuous variation of the number of the first high-strength fibers 102a along the thickness direction of the load bearing layer 23, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 can be decreased continuously from the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction toward each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction. The other configurations are the same as those of the forty-third embodiment.
Further, when the load bearing layer 23 in the forty-fourth embodiment is manufactured, it is only required that the density of the first high-strength fibers 102a in the high-strength fiber groups 112 paid out from the upper and lower bobbins in
Even with this configuration, the same effects as those of the forty-third embodiment can be attained. Further, the high-strength fibers 102a and 102b having different sizes are used, and hence gathering of the high-strength fibers 102a and 102b is less liable to occur at the time of resin impregnation. Thus, a target density distribution can be achieved with better accuracy.
Next,
In the forty-fifth embodiment, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in the first end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction is higher than the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in the second end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction. Further, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 decreases continuously from the first end portion toward the second end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction.
Further, it is preferred that, in a portion of the load bearing layer 23 having the highest density of the high-strength fibers 102, namely, the first end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction, the volume content of the high-strength fibers 102 be set equal to or larger than 60%, more preferably, equal to or larger than 70%.
Further, it is preferred that, in a portion of the load bearing layer 23 having the lowest density of the high-strength fibers 102, namely, the second end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction, the volume content of the high-strength fibers 102 be set equal to or smaller than 50%, more preferably, equal to or smaller than 40%. The other configurations and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the forty-third embodiment.
With regard to this suspension body, the neutral plane in the cross section under bending can be shifted, thereby being capable of improving readiness of bending.
In order to vary the density of the high-strength fibers 102 as described in the forty-fifth embodiment, the same method as that of the forty-fourth embodiment may be applied.
Next,
In the forty-sixth embodiment, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction is higher than the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction. Further, a layer including only the impregnation resin 103 is formed in each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction. The other configurations and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the forty-third embodiment or the forty-fourth embodiment.
Even with this configuration of the suspension body, bendability can be improved. Further, the layer including only the impregnation resin 103 is present on the surface of the load bearing layer 23, thereby being capable of improving adhesiveness with respect to the covering layer 22. With this configuration, occurrence of separation between the load bearing layer 23 and the covering layer 22 due to bending can be suppressed.
The layer including only the impregnation resin 103 in the forty-sixth embodiment may be formed in the second end portion in the forty-fifth embodiment.
Further, in a portion other than the layer including only the impregnation resin 103, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 may be uniform in the thickness direction of the load bearing layer 23.
Next,
With this configuration, both end portions of the core 21 in the width direction, namely, both end portions of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction protrude from the covering layer 22 to the outside, and are exposed from the covering layer 22 to the outside. The other configurations and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the forty-third embodiment.
With regard to this suspension body, an inspection for the load bearing layer 23 can be carried out directly from the both end portions of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction.
The both end surfaces of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction may be flush with both end surfaces of the covering layer 22 in the width direction, or may be retracted from the both end surfaces of the covering layer 22 in the width direction to the center side in the width direction.
Further, the configuration as described in the forty-seventh embodiment, in which both end portions of the core 21 in the width direction are exposed from the covering layer 22 to the outside, is applicable also to all other embodiments relating to the configuration of the suspension body.
Next,
A density of the high-strength fibers in a center portion of each of the core segments 26 in the thickness direction (Y-axis direction) is higher than a density of the high-strength fibers in each end portion of each of the core segments 26 in the thickness direction. Further, the density of the high-strength fibers in each of the core segments 26 decreases continuously from the center portion toward each end portion in the thickness direction.
Further, it is preferred that, in a portion of the load bearing layer 23 having the highest density of the high-strength fibers 102, namely, the center portion of each of the core segments 26 in the thickness direction, a volume content of the high-strength fibers 102 be set equal to or larger than 60%, more preferably, equal to or larger than 70%.
Further, it is preferred that, in a portion of the load bearing layer 23 having the lowest density of the high-strength fibers 102, namely, each end portion of each of the core segments 26 in the thickness direction, the volume content of the high-strength fibers 102 be set equal to or smaller than 50%, more preferably, equal to or smaller than 40%.
The sectional shape of each of the core segments 26 perpendicular to the length direction (Z-axis direction) is rectangular. The other configurations and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the forty-third embodiment or the forty-fourth embodiment. The cross section of the portion 101a in
With regard to this suspension body, the core 21 is divided into the core segments 26, and hence a size of equipment for manufacturing the load bearing layer 23 can be reduced.
Next,
With regard to this suspension body, in addition to an effect of enabling reduction in size of equipment for manufacturing the load bearing layer 23, there can be attained such an effect that stress concentration on corner portions of the cross section of each of the core segments 26 can be avoided. Thus, separation between the high-strength fibers can be suppressed.
Next,
With regard to this suspension body, the size of equipment for manufacturing the load bearing layer 23 can be further reduced. Further, the suspension body is more easily bent.
Next,
The second core segment row is arranged between the adjacent first core segment rows. Each of the second core segment rows includes two core segments 26 aligned in the thickness direction of the core 21. The core segments 26 of the second core segment row are arranged so as to be staggered from the core segments 26 of the first core segment row in the thickness direction of the core 21.
The sectional shape of each of the core segments 26 is circular. The other configurations and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the fiftieth embodiment. The cross section of the portion 101a in
With regard to this suspension body, a larger number of the core segments 26 can be arranged. Thus, when the core segments 26 are used to form a single suspension body having the same strength, readiness of bending can be improved.
Next,
In the fifty-second embodiment, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction is higher than the density of the high-strength fibers 102 at each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction. Further, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 decreases continuously from the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction toward each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction.
Further, it is preferred that, in a portion of the load bearing layer 23 having the highest density of the high-strength fibers 102, namely, the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction, a volume content of the high-strength fibers 102 be set equal to or larger than 60%, more preferably, equal to or larger than 70%.
Further, it is preferred that, in a portion of the load bearing layer 23 having the lowest density of the high-strength fibers 102, namely, each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction, the volume content of the high-strength fibers 102 be set equal to or smaller than 50%, more preferably, equal to or smaller than 40%. The other configurations and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the forty-third embodiment.
With regard to this suspension body, rigidity of both end portions of the core 21 in the width direction is low, and hence the core 21 is easily bent with respect to the Z-axis. As a result, adhesiveness with respect to the driving sheave 6 is improved.
The fifty-second embodiment may be combined with the forty-third embodiment. That is, in the fifty-second embodiment, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the thickness direction may be set lower than the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in the center portion in the thickness direction.
Further, a layer including only the impregnation resin 103 may be formed in each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction.
Next,
In the fifty-third embodiment, in a manner similar to that in the forty-fourth embodiment, the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in the center portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction is set higher than the density of the high-strength fibers 102 in each end portion of the load bearing layer 23 in the width direction. The other configurations and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the fifty-second embodiment.
With regard to this suspension body, the high-strength fibers 102a and 102b having different sizes are used, and hence gathering of the high-strength fibers 102a and 102b is less liable to occur at the time of resin impregnation. Thus, the target density distribution can be achieved with better accuracy.
Next,
The high-strength fibers in each of the core segments 26a and 26b are arranged in a spirally twisted state. In order to spirally arrange the high-strength fibers, prior to forming of the core 21, it is only required to add a step of twisting a bundle of the high-strength fiber group in a circumferential direction thereof about a center of a cross section of the bundle perpendicular to the length direction.
Further, in
As described above, when the high-strength fibers are arranged in a spirally twisted state, strength and rigidity in an oblique direction can be improved, and the structure more resistant to torsion can be achieved.
In
Next,
In the fifty-fifth embodiment, the high-strength fibers in an inner portion 105a of the load bearing layer 23 in each of the core segments 26 are arranged in parallel to the length direction of the core 21. The density of the high-strength fibers in the inner portion 105a may be uniform, or may be varied as in any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
Further, the high-strength fibers in an outer peripheral portion 105b of the load bearing layer 23 in each of the core segments 26 are arranged in a direction crossing the length direction of the core 21. In this example, the high-strength fibers in the outer peripheral portion 105b are arranged in a fabric form. That is, the high-strength fibers in the outer peripheral portion 105b are arranged obliquely to the length direction of the core 21. The other configurations and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the forty-eighth embodiment.
A main function of the load bearing layer 23 is to bear the load in the Z-axis direction, and hence the high-strength fibers in the inner portion 105a occupying a large part of the sectional area are arranged along the Z-axis direction. Meanwhile, the high-strength fibers are arranged on the surface of the load bearing layer 23 in a fabric form.
Thus, according to the configuration in the fifty-fifth embodiment, strength in the oblique direction can be improved. Further, the high-strength fibers in the inner portion 105a aligned in one direction are wrapped with the high-strength fibers arranged in a fabric form, thereby being capable of performing manufacturing steps while integrating the entire high-strength fibers. In this manner, forming becomes relatively easier.
Next,
With regard to this suspension body, stress concentration on corner portions of the cross section of each of the core segments 26 can be avoided. Thus, separation between the high-strength fibers can be suppressed.
The high-strength fibers in the inner portion 105a of each of the core segments 26 in the fifty-sixth embodiment may be arranged in a spirally twisted state as in the fifty-fourth embodiment.
Next,
When the suspension body is manufactured, a first plate made of the same material as that for the impregnation resin, and a second plate made of the same material as that for the covering layer 22 are continuously arranged between the adjacent core segments 26 along the length direction of the core segments 26. Then, the core segments 26, the first plate, and the second plate are integrated with each other, thereby forming the first resin layer 107 and the second resin layer 108.
The density of the high-strength fibers in each of the core segments 26 may be uniform, or may be varied as in any of the above-mentioned embodiments. The other configurations and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the forty-eighth embodiment.
With regard to this suspension body, the core segments 26 are integrated with each other through intermediation of the first and second resin layers 107 and 108. Thus, the core 21 is easily bent in a direction of rotating about the Z-axis, and the suspension body easily comes into intimate contact with the surface of the driving sheave 6.
The core segments 26 in the fifty-seventh embodiment may be formed in a manner similar to that in the fifty-fifth embodiment.
Next,
Further, it is preferred that the number of the first high-strength fiber bundles 114a and the number of the second high-strength fiber bundles 114b be the same. Further, it is preferred that the first high-strength fiber bundles 114a and the second high-strength fiber bundles 114b be evenly distributed in the cross section perpendicular to the length direction of the core 21. In the example in
The suspension body according to the fifty-eighth embodiment can be manufactured through winding of the high-strength fiber bundles 114a and 114b, which are twisted in advance, around the plurality of bobbins illustrated in
With regard to this suspension body, the high-strength fibers are arranged also obliquely to the length direction of the core 21, and hence strength against torsional deformation can be improved.
Further, the first and second high-strength fiber bundles 114a and 114b are twisted in different directions, and hence strength of the suspension body against torsional deformation in the both directions can be improved.
Further, the impregnation resin 103 is interposed between the first high-strength fiber bundle 114a and the second high-strength fiber bundle 114b adjacent to each other, and hence the first high-strength fiber bundle 114a and the second high-strength fiber bundle 114b are less liable to come into contact with each other. However, even when the high-strength fiber bundles 114a and 114b are impregnated with the impregnation resin 103, the high-strength fiber bundles 114a and 114b partially come into contact with each other in some cases. Further, the suspension body applied to the elevator is repeatedly bent, with the result that fatigue is caused in the impregnation resin 103 and the first high-strength fiber bundle 114a and the second high-strength fiber bundle 114b come into contact with each other.
As described above, when the first high-strength fiber bundle 114a and the second high-strength fiber bundle 114b come into contact with each other, the high-strength fibers in the respective surfaces come into contact with each other in a parallel or almost parallel state without crossing each other. Thus, contact stress generated on the high-strength fibers in the surfaces can be reduced, thereby being capable of improving fatigue resistance and strength.
All of the high-strength fiber bundles may be twisted in the same direction.
Further, the untwisted high-strength fiber bundle or high-strength fibers, and the twisted high-strength fiber bundle may be mixed together.
Further, the core 21 in the fifty-eighth embodiment may be divided into the plurality of core segments 26 as illustrated in
Further, when the core 21 in the fifty-eighth embodiment is divided into the plurality of core segments 26, each of the core segments 26 may be twisted as illustrated in
Next,
The load bearing layer 23 includes the impregnation resin 103 and a plurality of high-strength fibers. The plurality of high-strength fibers include a plurality of kinds of high-strength fibers. Further, the plurality of kinds of high-strength fibers are different from each other in rigidity.
In the fifty-ninth embodiment, the plurality of high-strength fibers include a plurality of first high-strength fibers 301a and a plurality of second high-strength fibers 301b, which are different in kind from the first high-strength fibers 301a.
Rigidity of the first high-strength fibers 301a is higher than rigidity of the second high-strength fibers 301b. Strength of the second high-strength fibers 301b with respect to rigidity is higher than strength of the first high-strength fibers 301a with respect to rigidity.
For example, a carbon fiber may be used as the first high-strength fiber 301a, and a polypropylene fiber may be used as the second high-strength fiber 301b. Alternatively, a carbon fiber may be used as the first high-strength fiber 301a, and a polyarylate fiber may be used as the second high-strength fiber 301b. Alternatively, a glass fiber may be used as the first high-strength fiber 301a, and a polypropylene fiber may be used as the second high-strength fiber 301b.
Further, composite fibers, which are obtained by combining fibers such as a carbon fiber, a glass fiber, an aramid fiber, a poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber, a polyarylate fiber, a polyethylene fiber, a polypropylene fiber, a polyamide fiber, and a basalt fiber in consideration of the rigidity and strength of the fibers, may be used as the high-strength fibers.
Mixing ratios of the plurality of high-strength fibers of respective kinds in the load bearing layer 23 vary between the first portion and the second portion. That is, the mixing ratios of the plurality of high-strength fibers of respective kinds vary depending on positions of the core 21 in the thickness direction. Further, the mixing ratios of the plurality of high-strength fibers of respective kinds gradually vary from the first portion toward the end portion of the core 21 in the thickness direction.
Further, the mixing ratios of the plurality of kinds of high-strength fibers vary so that a ratio of high-strength fibers having higher rigidity becomes smaller from the center portion toward the end portion of the core 21 in the thickness direction.
Further, the mixing ratios of the plurality of high-strength fibers of respective kinds vary so that a ratio of high-strength fibers having higher rigidity becomes larger from the center portion toward the end portion of the core 21 in the thickness direction.
Specifically, the mixing ratio of the first high-strength fibers 301a and the mixing ratio of the second high-strength fibers 301b in the load bearing layer 23 vary between the first portion and the second portion.
Further, the mixing ratio of the first high-strength fibers 301a becomes gradually smaller from the first portion toward the end portion of the core in the thickness direction. Further, the mixing ratio of the second high-strength fibers 301b becomes gradually larger from the first portion toward the end portion of the core in the thickness direction.
Accordingly, the mixing ratio of the first high-strength fibers 301a is smaller in the second portion than that in the first portion. Further, the mixing ratio of the second high-strength fibers 301b is larger in the second portion than that in the first portion.
In the example illustrated in
In this suspension body for an elevator, the plurality of first high-strength fibers 301a and the plurality of second high-strength fibers 301b are used in combination. Accordingly, through adjustment of the combination of the first high-strength fibers 301a and the second high-strength fibers 301b, the stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 when the suspension body is bent can be reduced.
Further, the mixing ratio of the first high-strength fibers 301a and the mixing ratio of the second high-strength fibers 301b in the load bearing layer 23 vary between the first portion and the second portion. Accordingly, the stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 when the suspension body is bent can be more reliably reduced.
Further, the mixing ratio of the first high-strength fibers 301a becomes gradually smaller from the first portion toward the end portion of the core 21 in the thickness direction. Further, the mixing ratio of the second high-strength fibers 301b becomes gradually larger from the first portion toward the end portion of the core 21 in the thickness direction. Accordingly, the stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 when the suspension body is bent can be more reliably reduced.
Further, the mixing ratio of the first high-strength fibers 301a is smaller in the second portion than that in the first portion. Accordingly, a suspension body that can be easily bent can be obtained. Further, the stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 when the suspension body is bent can be reduced.
Further, the mixing ratio of the second high-strength fibers 301b is larger in the second portion than that in the first portion. Accordingly, the suspension body having high strength against bending can be obtained.
Further, when the strength of the second high-strength fibers 301b with respect to rigidity is set higher than the strength of the first high-strength fibers 301a with respect to rigidity, strength against the stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 when the suspension body is bent can be improved.
Further, unlike the forty-third embodiment, it is not required that a content density of the high-strength fibers themselves be reduced. Accordingly, high tensile strength can be maintained.
In the example illustrated in
Further, in the example illustrated in
Next, description is made of a manufacturing method for the suspension body according to the fifty-ninth embodiment.
In
A plurality of bobbins are arranged upstream of the fiber positioning unit 110. Corresponding high-strength fiber bundles are wound around the bobbins, respectively. Each of the high-strength fiber bundles is a bundle of the plurality of high-strength fibers.
In
In actuality, the number of kinds of the high-strength fiber bundles is two or more. The mixing ratio of the first high-strength fibers 301a and the mixing ratio of the second high-strength fibers 301b in each of the high-strength fiber bundles differ from each other depending on positions of the suspension body after manufacture so that the mixing ratio of the first high-strength fibers 301a and the mixing ratio of the second high-strength fibers 301b gradually vary along the thickness direction of the core 21 as described above.
The plurality of high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202 pulled out from the bobbins are drawn into the fiber positioning unit 110 and the injection device 109 by the drawing device 60. The fiber positioning unit 110 is arranged on an upstream side of the injection device 109.
As illustrated in
Here, in a case in which fiber densities of the high-strength fiber bundles are different from each other when it is assumed that the high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202 are each an aggregate of high-strength fibers of one kind, the high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202, which are the same in number, are caused to pass through each of the holes 110b. In this manner, the mixing ratio of the first high-strength fibers 301a and the mixing ratio of the second high-strength fibers 301b can be gradually varied along the thickness direction of the core 21.
Further, when the fiber densities of the high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202 are equal to each other, the high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202, which are different in number, are caused to pass through each of the holes 110b. In this manner, the mixing ratio of the first high-strength fibers 301a and the mixing ratio of the second high-strength fibers 301b can be gradually varied along the thickness direction of the core 21.
The plurality of high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202 positioned in the fiber positioning unit 110 are laminated in the laminating unit 57 between the fiber positioning unit 110 and the injection device 109, and are caused to pass through the injection device 109. In the injection device 109, the impregnation resin 103 is impregnated into the high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202. The other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the thirty-fifth embodiment.
As described above, the manufacturing method for the suspension body according to the fifty-ninth embodiment includes a paying-out step, a positioning step, an impregnating step, a hot forming step, and a covering step.
The paying-out step is a step of paying out the plurality of high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202 each being a bundle of the plurality of high-strength fibers from corresponding bobbins, respectively. The plurality of high-strength fibers include a plurality of kinds of the high-strength fibers 301a and 301b.
The positioning step is a step of positioning the plurality of high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202. Further, in the positioning step, the plurality of high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202 are arranged at positions determined based on kinds of the high-strength fibers 301a and 301b included in each of the high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202 and on mixing ratios of the high-strength fibers 301a and 301b of respective kinds.
The impregnating step is a step of impregnating the impregnation resin 103 into the plurality of high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202. The hot forming step is a step of performing hot forming on the plurality of high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202 impregnated with the resin so as to form the load bearing layer 23. The covering step is a step of forming the covering layer 22 covering at least a part of the outer periphery of the load bearing layer 23.
In this manufacturing method for the suspension body, the plurality of high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202 are arranged at the positions determined based on kinds of the high-strength fibers 301a and 301b included in each of the high-strength fiber bundles 201 and 202 and on mixing ratios of the high-strength fibers 301a and 301b of respective kinds. Accordingly, the suspension body, which is capable of reducing the stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 when the suspension body is bent, can be efficiently manufactured.
In
In the fifty-ninth embodiment, two kinds of the high-strength fibers 301a and 301b are combined, but three or more kinds of high-strength fibers may be used in combination.
Next,
The load bearing layer 23 in the sixtieth embodiment includes a main bearing layer 23c and a pair of auxiliary bearing layers 23d. The main bearing layer 23c has the same configuration as that of the load bearing layer 23 in the fifty-ninth embodiment. That is, the main bearing layer 23c includes the impregnation resin 103, the plurality of first high-strength fibers 301a, and the plurality of second high-strength fibers 301b.
The pair of auxiliary bearing layers 23d are located on both end-portion sides of the main bearing layer 23c in the thickness direction of the core 21, respectively. Further, the pair of auxiliary bearing layers 23d are held in contact with the main bearing layer 23c. That is, the pair of auxiliary bearing layers 23d sandwich the main bearing layer 23c.
Further, the auxiliary bearing layers 23d each include the impregnation resin 103 and a plurality of third high-strength fibers 301c.
Rigidity of the high-strength fibers included in the auxiliary bearing layer 23d is lower than rigidity of the high-strength fibers included in the main bearing layer 23c. That is, rigidity of the third high-strength fibers 301c is lower than the rigidity of the first high-strength fibers 301a. The other configurations and the other processes of the manufacturing method are the same as those of the fifty-ninth embodiment.
In this suspension body for an elevator, when the entire suspension body is bent, the third high-strength fibers 301c arranged at the end portions of the core 21 in the thickness direction are at the maximum expansion and contraction levels. In view of this, in the sixtieth embodiment, the rigidity of the third high-strength fibers 301c is lower than the rigidity of the first high-strength fibers 301a. Accordingly, the stress generated on the load bearing layer 23 when the suspension body is bent can be more reliably reduced.
The auxiliary bearing layer 23d may be provided on only one side of the main bearing layer 23c.
Further, the plurality of high-strength fibers included in the auxiliary bearing layer 23d may be the same as the second high-strength fibers 301b.
Further, the configurations in the fifty-ninth embodiment and the sixtieth embodiment may be carried out in combination with the configuration in another embodiment as appropriate.
For example, as illustrated in
Further, when the core 21 in the fifty-ninth embodiment or the sixtieth embodiment is divided into the plurality of core segments 26, the high-strength fibers may be arranged in the outer peripheral portion 105b in a fabric form as illustrated in
Further, at least any one of the covering layer 22 and the load bearing layer 23 in the fifty-ninth embodiment or the sixtieth embodiment may contain the lubricant. In this case, a portion including the lubricant and a portion without the lubricant may be provided depending on positions of the suspension body in the length direction.
Further, the both end portions of the core 21 in the width direction in the fifty-ninth embodiment or the sixtieth embodiment may be exposed from the covering layer 22 to the outside.
7 suspension body, 8 car, 21 core, 22 covering layer, 23 load bearing layer, 103 impregnation resin, 201 first high-strength fiber bundle, 202 second high-strength fiber bundle, 301a first high-strength fiber, 301b second high-strength fiber, 301c third high-strength fiber
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2018/017047 | Apr 2018 | WO | international |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2018/039509 | 10/24/2018 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/207825 | 10/31/2019 | WO | A |
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