The present invention generally relates to elevators and, more particularly, is concerned with an elevator with a scissor lift mechanism.
In various work platform lift machines, such as scissors lifts, elevated platforms, cranes, etc., hydraulic cylinders are used to provide the necessary lifting forces. One of most popular machines of this type is called an electric slab scissor lift machine. Electric slab scissor lift machines comprise a scissor lift mechanism mounted at a lower end on a chassis, a work platform mounted on an upper end of the lift mechanism for carrying persons, and a hydraulic actuation system for operating the lift mechanism to raise and lower the work platform. The scissor lift mechanism includes a plurality of pairs of arms pivotally interconnected in a scissor-like fashion so as to raise and lower as the arms pivot between generally vertical unstacked and horizontal stacked orientations relative to one another. The hydraulic actuation system generally employs two or more hydraulic cylinders for causing pivoting of the pairs of arms to expand the lift mechanism. Typically, the hydraulic cylinders are interconnected between an adjacent pair of the arms.
The use of hydraulic actuation systems and positioning of the hydraulic cylinders in lift machines have several disadvantages, but there are other scissor mechanisms that use electro-mechanical drives for actuation.
Scissor based lifting mechanisms are well suited for elevators, in particular elevators that are designed to be employed in buildings with less than four floors. The hoistway, if needed at all, does not need to be much larger than the cross-section of the elevator platform, since all the mechanical elements as well as the actuation mechanism sits underneath the elevator platform.
It is, however, still an unsolved problem to provide a reliable approach for balancing the elevator without having to employ counterweights and ropes, or the like, that move up and down in the hoistway as the elevator platform moves down or up. Important issues when constructing scissor-based elevators are the stability, reliability, the size and price. In particular the counterweights may add substantially to the overall costs, if one considers the additional space needed in the hoistway and if one takes into account that the installation and maintenance is costly.
Some of the conventional scissor-based load elevators comprise springs interposed between the platform of the elevator and a base frame, or interposed between two of the arms of the scissor.
An example is shown in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,764,075, where two vertically aligned compression springs are employed to keep the top portion of the load always at a convenient height for better loading and unloading. In this case, said height is a function of the load. It is not possible to move a particular load to any other desired height.
Yet another example is shown in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,722,513. A scissor lift is proposed that comprises a spring assembly with several springs that can be selectively connected to vary the bias on a scissor assembly of the lift. The springs of the spring assembly are arranged in a horizontal direction. The various springs are employed to adjust the bias acting on the scissor assembly to maintain the particular load at a predetermined elevated location.
Consequently, a need exists for a different approach to balancing the scissors lift mechanism of elevators which will overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages without introducing other disadvantages in their place.
A scissor elevator, in accordance with the present invention, includes a scissor assembly, a drive mechanism and a mounting platform. In the various embodiments described herein, the scissor elevator comprises: an elevator car; a scissor assembly carrying the elevator car, the assembly being arranged underneath the elevator car and comprising at least two vertical scissor columns, each of the scissor columns comprising at least one pair of arms which are pivotally movable relative to one another; a drive mechanism, being adapted to mechanically interact with the scissor assembly for applying a force in order to move the elevator car upwards by unfolding the scissor assembly; and at least one spring element providing a spring force which acts on at least one of the arms to provide an upwards oriented counterforce on the elevator car.
The counterforce counteracts those forces which cause the scissor assembly to fold. In particular, it counteracts the vertical load of the elevator, for example the weight of the scissor assembly, the weight of the elevator car and/or a load on the scissor assembly or a load in and/or on the elevator car. Thus, the spring element acts as a virtual counterweight reducing the force which must be provided by the drive mechanism in order to move the elevator car upwards.
The spring element can be designed such that it achieves a non-linear function of the spring force versus a distance of the elevator car with respect to the ground. In particular, said non-linear function can be chosen such that the counterforce is constant even on the condition that the distance of the elevator car with respect to the ground is changed. In particular, said non-linear function can be chosen such that the counterforce exactly cancels the vertical load of the elevator at all locations along a path of elevator car.
Inter alia, the spring element can be arranged such that a length of the spring element is varied as a function of the distance of the elevator car with respect to the ground and the spring force is varied as a function of said length, whereby the spring force is a non-linear function of said length.
The elevator, according to the present invention, has the following advantages:
The above advantages do not necessarily apply to all the different embodiments described herein, since the embodiments are implementations of the invention with a focus on optimizing particular aspects. At the same time, however, other aspects might be less perfect.
The above, as well as other advantages of the present invention, will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment when considered in the light of the accompanying drawings in which:
In the following description, like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings. Also in the following description, it is to be understood that such terms as “horizontal”, “vertical”, “left”, “right”, “upwards”, “downwards”, and the like are words of convenience and are not to be construed as limiting terms.
Referring to the drawings and particularly to
In
Each pair of arms of the scissor assembly 13 comprises two longitudinal arms. The lower most pair of arms comprises the two arms 17.1, 17.2, for example. The arms 17.x, where “x” is an integer number, may have a solid or hollow tubular construction and they may have a substantially rectangular, circular, triangular or oval cross-section. Although, the arms 17.x may have any other suitable configuration. A length LA of each of the arms 17.x is smaller than a respective length (side-to-side) LE of the elevator car 12 if the scissor assembly 13 is to stay within a projection 12.1 of the elevator car 12. In this case, a length (side-to-side) LH and width (front-to-back) WH of the optional hoistway 20 is only slightly larger than the length LE and a width (front-to-back) WE respectively of the elevator car 12. It is, however, also possible to employ arms 17.x having the length LA that is greater than the length LE of the elevator car 12.
Each of the arms, e.g. the arm 17.3, has a pair of opposite ends 17A, 17B, as illustrated in
The elevator car 12 is of any suitable type such as the one shown in
The guiding means 15 ensure that the four lower ends of the two lowermost pairs of arms are kept at a certain height HX above ground. In the present embodiment, the height HX is fixed. It is, however, possible to define a range Hmin to Hmax in which the lower ends of the arms are allowed to move.
In
The spring element 15.4 is biased and arranged such that the length of the spring element is varied as a function of the distance of the elevator car 12 with respect to the mounting platform 11 and the spring force is varied as a function of said length.
For improved symmetry, there may be one spring element on the left hand side of the central shaft 15.3 and one spring element on the right hand side thereof, as described in connection with the embodiment illustrated in
The drive mechanism 14 is connected with a middle section of the lowest cross element 16 that connects the lowest pairs of arms of the scissor assembly 13. By means of the drive mechanism 14, a force can be applied on said cross element 16 in the vertical direction. Thus, the drive mechanism 14 is adapted to mechanically interact with the scissor assembly 13 for applying a force in the vertical direction in order to move the elevator car 12 upwards by unfolding the scissor assembly 13. The drive 14 can include a brake for holding the scissor assembly 13 at any selected vertical position and for damping downward movement.
The spring elements 15.4 are arranged so that they interact with the sliding element 15.1 to bias it towards an unfolded position of the elevator. Preferably, the spring element is guided by a horizontal shaft (e.g. the central shaft 15.3) or the like.
The spring elements 15.4 bias the four horizontal slides 15.1 on the platform 11 towards a centerline or middle M. Therefore, the spring elements 15.4 counteract the vertical load of the elevator 10. Thus, the spring elements 15.4 have to some extent the same function as a counterweight in a conventional elevator. The force to be provided by the drive mechanism 14 in order to move the elevator car upwards is reduced by the extent that the vertical load of the scissor elevator is compensated for by the spring forces of the spring elements 15.4. For this reason, the spring elements 15.4 are herein referred to as virtual counterweight.
As stated above, the mounting platform 11 is optional. The scissor assembly 13, the drive 14 and the guiding means 15 can be mounted on any suitable support surface such as the platform 11 or the ground (e.g. a building floor).
Another embodiment of an elevator according to the present invention is illustrated in
In the present example, the spring members 25.51 and 25.52 are situated between an edge 26 of the mounting platform 21 and a vertical part 25.6 of the sliding element 25.1.
In order to provide for a virtual counterweight that behaves like a conventional counterweight moving up and down in a hoistway, it is advantageous to employ a spring element having a non-linear characteristic. As illustrated in
In the case of the embodiment in accordance with
Yet another embodiment is illustrated in
The lower ends of the arms 37.1, 37.2 are mounted in a guiding means 35. These guiding means 35 are fixed on the ground 32 by means of screws or the like. The guiding means 35 mount and guide the lower arms 37.1 and 37.2. Each of the guiding means 35 comprises a horizontal slide 35.1 with a central through hole 35.4. Central shafts or rails 35.3 extend through these holes 35.4 and are fixed to the ground 32 such that the slides 35.1 are slidable along the rails. Cylindrical spring members or elements 35.5 (tension springs) are arranged between the upper ends of the arms 37.1, 37.2 of each of the lowest pairs of arms, as illustrated in
Other embodiments are conceivable where the spring members are arranged in a different manner. It is for example possible to combine the spring members of
Due to the fact that the scissor assembly 13 is employed, a small upwards movement of the lower most arms 17.1, 17.2 caused by the drive 14 is translated into a larger vertical movement of the elevator car 12. The maximum movement of the drive 14 corresponds to the maximum expansion of the overall scissor assembly 13. According to the present invention, an electro-mechanical or a hydraulic actuation system can be used to unfold the scissor assembly. The actuation mechanism has to be arranged such that the symmetry of the system is maintained.
The springs, as used in the embodiments described above, can be pre-loaded when fitting them.
In a preferred embodiment, the springs are designed to balance the whole elevator system at least in those positions (travel distance above ground) where the landing levels are. The springs can be specially developed to provide the required spring characteristics.
The virtual counterweight, according to the present invention, allows one to counterbalance the load.
Due to the fact that the spring elements are horizontally arranged at or close to the mounting platform, the accident hazard is reduced when persons perform installation or maintenance work at or close to the scissor assembly.
According to the present invention, a virtual counterweight is provided that allows one to offset the mass of the scissor assembly and/or the mass of the elevator car and/or the mass of the load in and/or on the car.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a rail 35.3 is employed for guiding the sliding element 35.1 of the guiding means, the rail being horizontally oriented.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spring element provides a non-linear function of the spring force versus travel distance of the elevator car. The spring element can be arranged such that a length of the spring element is varied as a function of the distance of the elevator car with respect to the ground and the spring force is varied as a function of said length, whereby the spring force is a non-linear function of the length of the spring element. The spring element may either comprise one spring having a non-linear characteristic, or at least two springs being arranged and coupled to approximate the non-linear function. The spring element may comprise a polymer, or an elastomer or polyurethane (PU) material, for example.
In yet another embodiment, the mounting platform comprises damping elements acting on the lower ends of the arms.
Each spring element may be designed such that the counterforce being induced by the spring element is sufficient to compensate the weight of the scissor assembly and the weight of the elevator car.
In a different approach, each spring element may be designed such that the counterforce being induced by the spring element is sufficient to (fully or at least partially) compensate—besides the weight of the scissor assembly and the weight of the elevator car—a load in and/or on the elevator car in addition.
During operation of the elevator, the load in and/or on the elevator car might be changed. Thus, the latter approach can be refined by providing means for measuring the weight of the load and means for adapting the spring force as a function of a signal provided by said means for measuring the weight of the load. For adapting the spring force, several approaches can be applied. For example, the elevator might comprise means that adapt the bias of the spring element as a function of the weight of the load. As an alternative, each spring element may consist of a plurality of biased spring members, whereby each of said spring members can be either engaged to or disengaged from the respective arms of the scissor assembly on demand. Thus, the counterforce being induced by the spring element can be adapted by changing the number of spring elements being engaged with a particular arm in dependence on the measured weight of the load.
In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the present invention has been described in what is considered to represent its preferred embodiment. However, it should be noted that the invention can be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its spirit or scope.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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03405632.5 | Sep 2003 | EP | regional |