Patent Application
20230170728
This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0168988 filed on Nov. 30, 2021 and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0137219 filed on Oct. 24, 2022 and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. § 119, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The present disclosure relates to an emergency call (E-call) system and a method for controlling an operation of the same, and more particularly, to an E-call system configured to improve discharge performance of an E-call battery in a low-temperature environment and a method for controlling an operation of the same.
An emergency call system (hereinafter referred to as an “E-call system”) is being developed that automatically makes an emergency call at a time point of a car accident, or allows an occupant to make a direct call to report an accident and request rescue in case of an emergency situation. The system may be applied as part of an infotainment system of a vehicle, or separately as a telematics system of the vehicle. Such an emergency call system may be applied as an emergency communication system in a mobile communication system such as a mobile phone as well as a vehicle.
As such, in the present disclosure, the emergency call system or E-call system refers to an emergency communication system mounted on a mobile communication device as well as a vehicle.
The E-call systems are operated by batteries that are mounted on automobiles and supply electric power to various electronic devices. Here, there may be a situation in which electric power supply to the E-call system is not smooth due to a battery failure that occurs in a vehicle accident. In preparation for the above-mentioned situation, a separate spare battery for the E-call system (hereinafter referred to as an “E-call battery”) is used.
Meanwhile, in the case of an E-call battery applied to an automobile, the operating temperature/environmental conditions are harsh and the warranty period is long. In particular, in a very-low-temperature environment, an internal resistance of a battery cell increases, resulting in a sudden voltage drop in the initial stage of discharging. Here, the increase in the internal resistance of the battery cell at a very low temperature is a phenomenon that occurs as the electrochemical reaction inside the cell is lowered, such as the freezing of the electrolyte.
Due to the increase, when the voltage falls below the minimum voltage that has to be supplied to the system connected to the E-call battery, normal operation may be impossible, which may result in the problem that performance implementation is impossible.
However, in the case of the existing E-call battery, a separate auxiliary device/means for preventing a sudden voltage drop caused by the very low temperature is not provided, and as a consequence, a situation arises in which the performance of the battery cell has to be relied upon.
In this regard, in Patent Document 1, the low-temperature driving problem is solved by raising the temperature of the battery by generating heat through low current discharge at a low temperature, and in Patent Document 2, the low-temperature voltage drop problem is solved by increasing the cell voltage by connecting separate cells in series at a low temperature.
However, in Patent Document 1, the battery is used after the temperature is raised through heat by a separate resistor, and thus, it takes time for the battery to heat up and return to the normal temperature, and in some external situations, it is difficult for the battery to return to the normal temperature.
In Patent Document 2, a method is used in which a total cell voltage is increased by connecting additional battery cells in series to suppress a voltage drop caused by an increase in internal resistance due to a low temperature, but in the method, a difference between the voltage drop amount and the additional cell voltage occurs, the output voltage becomes higher than necessary when the additional cell is connected, and so on, which may lead to problems.
Patent Document 1 KR 0877675 B1 Patent Document 2 JP Patent Publication No 1993-121102 A
The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the aforementioned circumstances, and provides a battery system for E-call including an auxiliary device for preventing a sudden voltage drop due to a very low temperature in a battery for E-call and a method for controlling an operation of the same.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, there is provided an emergency call (E-call) system including: an E-call battery including first and second battery cells arranged in parallel; a parallel connection switch configured to control an electrical parallel connection between the first and second battery cells of the E-call battery; a temperature data acquisition controller configured to acquire battery usage environment temperature data from an external system connected to the E-call battery at regular intervals; a comparison controller configured to compare a battery usage environment temperature value acquired by the temperature data acquisition controller with a predetermined reference temperature; and a switch controller configured to control on/off of the parallel connection switch according to a comparison result of the comparison controller.
The system according to an exemplary embodiment may start operation as the parallel connection switch is initially in an off state. The comparison controller may output a low-temperature signal when the acquired battery usage environment temperature is less than the predetermined reference temperature, and may output a normal-temperature signal when the acquired battery usage environment temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined reference temperature.
The switch controller may output a turn-on signal to the parallel connection switch when the low-temperature signal is output from the comparison controller, and may output a turn-off signal to the parallel connection switch when the normal-temperature signal is output from the comparison controller. In this case, the predetermined reference temperature may be set in advance based on a system requirement, and in an exemplary embodiment, may be set to 0 degrees Celsius.
The E-call battery may be driven in a 1 series 2 parallel (1S2P) mode in which the first battery cell and the second battery cell are connected in parallel, when the parallel connection switch is turned on by the switch controller, and may be driven in a 1 series 1 parallel (1S1P) mode in which parallel connection of the first battery cell and the second battery cell is released, when the parallel connection switch is turned off by the switch controller.
The E-call battery may include: a first output path that connects an output of the first battery bank to a (+) output terminal of the E-call battery; a second output path that connects an output of the second battery bank to a (+) output terminal of the E-call battery; a parallel connection path that connects the first output path and the second output path in parallel to form an electrical parallel connection between the first battery bank and the second battery bank; and a parallel connection switch disposed on the parallel connection path to open or close the parallel connection path, and the E-call battery may be driven in a 1S2P mode in which the first battery bank and the second battery bank are connected in parallel, when the parallel connection switch is turned on by the switch controller and may be driven in a 1S1P mode in which parallel connection of the first battery bank and the second battery bank is released and just an output of one of the first battery bank and the second battery bank is connected to the (+) output terminal of the E-call battery, when the parallel connection switch is turned off by the switch controller.
In this case, the switch controller may control on/off of the parallel connection switch, and may control both the first discharge control switch and the second discharge control switch to be on when the parallel connection switch is controlled to be on and may control just one of the first discharge control switch and the second discharge control switch to be on when the parallel connection switch is controlled to be off.
In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method for controlling an operation of an E-call battery including first and second battery cells arranged in parallel, the method including: acquiring temperature data by acquiring battery usage environment temperature data from an external system connected to the E-call battery at regular intervals; comparing a battery usage environment temperature acquired in the acquiring of the temperature data with a predetermined reference temperature to check whether the battery usage environment temperature is less than or higher than the reference temperature; controlling a parallel connection switch to be on/off according to a comparison result in the comparing with the reference temperature, the parallel connection switch being configured to control an electrical parallel connection between the first and second battery cells; and discharging the E-call battery with an electric connection structure corresponding to the control of the parallel connection switch in the controlling of the parallel connection switch.
The controlling of the parallel connection switch may include turning on the parallel connection switch when the acquired battery usage environment temperature is less than the predetermined reference temperature as the comparison result, and turning off the parallel connection switch when the acquired battery usage environment temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined reference temperature as the comparison result.
In the discharging of the E-call battery, the E-call battery may be operated in a 1S2P mode in which the first and second battery cells are connected in parallel when the parallel connection switch is turned on in the controlling of the parallel connection switch, and the E-call battery may be operated in a 1S1P mode in which parallel connection of the first battery cell and the second battery cell is released when the parallel connection switch is turned off in the controlling of the parallel connection switch. In this case, the predetermined reference temperature may be 0 degrees Celsius.
The performing of the 1S1P mode driving control may include performing output of a main use bank by selecting the main use bank out of the first and second battery banks and controlling a discharge control switch of the main use bank to be on, and the performing of the output of the main use bank may include:
determining a bank use state by calculating at least one of an accumulated use time or a state of charge (SOC) or state of health (SOH) of the first battery bank or the second battery bank; and selecting the main use bank according to the at least one of the accumulated use time or the SOC or SOH of the first battery bank or the second battery bank which is calculated in the determining of the bank use state.
According to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to improve the discharge performance of a battery in a low-temperature environment.
Each of
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily perform the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure may be implemented by various modifications and is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein. In the drawings, in order to clarify the present disclosure, parts that are not related to description are omitted and like reference numerals represent like elements throughout the specification.
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
In the configuration of the related art, an additional battery cell is connected in series to increase the output voltage when a voltage drop occurs due to a low temperature. In the related art, it is possible to solve the driving problem at a low temperature; however, a problem of matching the voltage drop due to the low temperature to the additional voltage due to the additional battery cell, a problem that the output voltage becomes higher than necessary when the additional battery cell is connected, or the like, occurs. According to the exemplary embodiments, which will be described later, it is possible to solve the aforementioned problems and effectively cope with a voltage drop problem due to a low temperature.
1. E-call System in Accordance with Exemplary Embodiments
Each of
Referring to
1.1 E-call Battery 100
A battery 100 for E-call (E-call battery 100) of an exemplary embodiment has a structure in which two battery banks 100a and 100b are arranged in parallel.
In this case, the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b constituting the E-call battery 100 have a structure arranged in parallel, and mutual electrical parallel connection therebetween is limited according to the on/off operation of a parallel connection switch 200 to be described later.
The E-call battery 100 may be initially driven in a 1 Series 1 Parallel (1S1P) mode in which the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b are not electrically connected in parallel, and thereafter, may be driven in the 1S1P mode or a 1 Series 2 Parallel (1S2P) mode according to the on/off of the parallel connection switch 200 to be described later.
The 1S1P mode is a mode in which the parallel connection switch 200 is turned off to open a parallel connection path of the two battery banks 100a and 100b, and the voltage of one battery bank is output. As shown in
The 1S2P mode is a mode in which the parallel connection switch 200 is turned on and the two battery banks 100a and 100b are connected in parallel to output a parallel voltage.
1.2. Parallel Connection Switch 200
The parallel connection switch 200 is configured to control the connecting or opening of an electrical parallel connection path between the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b constituting the E-call battery 100. The parallel connection switch 200 may be controlled to be on or off by the control of a switch controller 500 to be described later such that the E-call battery 100 is driven in the 1S2P mode or is driven in the 1S1P mode.
That is, the parallel connection switch 200 is to function as an auxiliary device for preventing a phenomenon that the voltage suddenly drops in the E-call battery 100 due to the very low temperature. Although a filed-effect transistor (FET) is shown as an example of the parallel connection switch 200 in the drawing, this is only an example among various switching devices that may be employed in the exemplary embodiment, and is not limited to the FET.
1.3. Temperature data acquisition controller 300
A temperature data acquisition controller 300 is configured to acquire battery usage environment temperature data from an external system (not shown) connected to the E-call battery 100 at regular intervals.
Here, the external system may be a communication device of an electric vehicle or a small mobile device, or a single mobile communication device.
1.4. Comparison controller 400
A comparison controller 400 is configured to perform comparison to check whether a battery usage environment temperature value T acquired by the temperature data acquisition controller 300 is equal to or higher than or less than a predetermined reference temperature.
Here, the predetermined reference temperature value may be 0 degrees Celsius.
In other words, the comparison controller 400 performs the comparison to check whether the battery usage environment temperature is less than or equal to or higher than 0 degrees Celsius.
For example, as a result of the comparison, when the battery usage environment temperature is less than the reference temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, a low-temperature signal indicating the fact may be output. On the other hand, as the result of the comparison, when the battery usage environment temperature is equal to or higher than the reference temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, a normal-temperature signal indicating the fact may be output.
1.5. Switch Controller 500
The switch controller 500 is configured to control on/off of the parallel connection switch 200 according to the comparison result of the comparison controller 400.
Specifically, as the result of the comparison, when the battery usage environment temperature is less than the reference temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, the parallel connection switch 200 may be turned on. For example, when the low-temperature signal is output from the comparison controller 400, the switch controller 500 may output a turn-on signal to the parallel connection switch 200 to connect the parallel connection path between the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b and drive the E-call battery 100 in the 1S2P mode. Here, when the turn-on signal is output, the parallel connection switch 200 may implement its turn-on by receiving a voltage of approximately 3.3 V applied from an external control power supply (not shown), for example, a 12V auxiliary battery (not shown).
Meanwhile, as the result of the comparison, when the battery usage environment temperature is higher than the reference temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, the parallel connection switch 200 may be turned off. For example, when the normal-temperature signal is output from the comparison controller 400, the switch controller 500 may output a turn-off signal to the parallel connection switch 200 to open the parallel connection path between the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b and drive the E-call battery 100 in the 1S1P mode. Here, when the turn-off signal is output, the parallel connection switch 200 may implement its turn-off by receiving a voltage of 0 V applied.
On the other hand, in another exemplary embodiment shown in
The temperature data acquisition controller 300, the comparison controller 400, and the switch controller 500 may be included as one configuration of a battery management system.
As described above, by applying a switch between the battery banks constituting the E-call battery, and when the battery usage environment temperature is very low, discharging the battery in the 1S2P mode by controlling the switch to electrically connect the battery banks to each other in parallel, it is possible to suppress a sudden voltage drop due to an increase in internal resistance of the battery.
1.6. First Discharge Control switch 110a and Second Discharge Control Switch 110b
In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in
In the present exemplary embodiment, as the switch controller 500 controls the parallel connection switch 200 and the first and second discharge control switches, one of the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b is selectively connected to the output terminal. That is, in the present exemplary embodiment, one of the first and second battery banks may be selectively used for external output depending on the remaining amounts of the first and second batteries, and the other one may be used for coping with a low-temperature voltage drop. In this case, it is desirable to set both the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b to satisfy an output voltage/current requirement of an output cell.
In one or more aspects, a controller (e.g., a temperature data acquisition controller 300, a comparison controller 400, or a switch controller 500) may include one or more processors (e.g., microprocessors or microcontrollers). In one or more examples, a processor may be configured to execute code or instructions to perform the operations and functionality described herein. In one or more examples, a processor may be configured to monitor and/or control the operation of the components in the E-call battery 100. In one or more examples, a processor may be a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, a programmable logic device, a state machine, gated logic, discrete hardware components, or a combination of the foregoing. One or more sequences of instructions may be software or firmware stored on and read from a memory (e.g., a memory within a processor or a memory associated with a processor) or received from an external device (e.g., a computing device). A memory may represent examples of machine or computer readable media on which instructions/code executable by a processor may be stored. Machine or computer readable media may be any medium or media used to provide instructions to a processor, including, for example, non-transitory media, volatile media, buffers, and/or non-volatile media, such as electronic media, optical media, and/or magnetic media.
2. Method for Controlling Operation of E-call Battery in Accordance with Exemplary Embodiment (1)
Referring to
2.1. Temperature Data Acquisition Step (S100)
A temperature data acquisition step S100 is a step of acquiring battery usage environment temperature data from an external system (not shown) connected to the E-call battery 100 having a 1S2P structure at regular intervals.
Here, the external system may be a vehicle.
2.2. Reference Temperature Comparison Step (S200)
A reference temperature comparison step S200 is a step of comparing a battery usage environment temperature acquired in the temperature data acquisition step S100 with a predetermined reference temperature to check whether the battery usage environment temperature is less than or equal to or higher than the reference temperature.
Here, the predetermined reference temperature may be 0 degrees Celsius.
In other words, comparison is performed to check whether the acquired battery usage environment temperature is less than or higher than the reference temperature of 0 degrees Celsius.
2.3. Switch Control Step (S300)
A switch control step S300 is a step of controlling on/off of the parallel connection switch 200 that controls electrical parallel connection between the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b constituting the E-call battery 100 of the 1S2P structure according to the result of comparison in the reference temperature comparison step S200.
Specifically, as the result of the comparison, when the acquired battery usage environment temperature is less than the reference temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, the parallel connection switch 200 may be turned on (S310).
On the other hand, as the result of the comparison, when the acquired battery usage environment temperature is equal to or higher than the reference temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, the parallel connection switch 200 may be turned off (S320).
Here, the parallel connection switch 200 is initially set to the turn-off state, and the electrical parallel connection between the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b of the E-call battery 100 are cut off and the operation in the 1S1P mode is performed.
2.4. Battery Discharging Operation Step (S400)
A battery discharging operation step S400 is a step of discharging the E-call battery 100 with an electric connection structure corresponding to the control operation of the parallel connection switch 200 in the switch control step S300.
Specifically, when the parallel connection switch 200 is turned on in the switch control step S300 (S310), the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b of the E-call battery 100 are electrically connected in parallel to each other and are operated in the 1S2P mode (S410).
On the other hand, when the parallel connection switch 200 is turned off in the switch control step S300 (S320), the electrical parallel connection between the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b of the E-call battery 100 are cut off, and the operation in the 1S1P mode is performed (S420).
3. Method for Controlling Operation of E-call Battery in
Accordance with Exemplary Embodiment (2)
In another exemplary embodiment according to
An operation procedure of the battery in accordance with the exemplary embodiment shown in
3.1. Temperature Data Acquisition Step (S100)
A temperature data acquisition step S100 is a step of acquiring battery usage environment temperature data from an external system (not shown) connected to the E-call battery 100 having a 1S2P structure at regular intervals.
Here, the external system may be a communication system of a vehicle or a small mobile device, or an independent mobile communication device.
3.2. Reference Temperature Comparison Step (S200)
A reference temperature comparison step S200 is a step of comparing a battery usage environment temperature acquired in the temperature data acquisition step S100 with a predetermined reference temperature to check whether the battery usage environment temperature is less than or equal to or higher than the reference temperature.
Here, the predetermined reference temperature may be 0 degrees Celsius.
In other words, comparison is performed to check whether the acquired battery usage environment temperature is less than or higher than a predetermined reference temperature, for example, 0 degrees Celsius.
3.3. Switch Control Step (S300)
A switch control step S300 is a step of controlling on/off of the parallel connection switch 200 that controls electrical parallel connection between the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b constituting the E-call battery 100 of the 1S2P structure according to the result of comparison in the reference temperature comparison step S200.
Specifically, as the result of the comparison, when the acquired battery usage environment temperature is less than the reference temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, the parallel connection switch 200 (Q1) may be turned on (S310). In this case, the first and second discharge control switches 110a and 110b (Q2, Q3) are also turned on, so that the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b may be connected in parallel, and may be driven in the 1S2P mode in a battery discharging operation step to be described later.
The driving of the battery in the 1S2P mode may be started according to a predetermined E-call mode operation control signal. When the battery usage environment temperature is lower than the predetermined reference temperature at the time of driving in the E-call mode, 1S2P mode driving is performed to improve the low-temperature discharge performance.
On the other hand, as the result of the comparison, when the acquired battery usage environment temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined reference temperature, for example, 0 degrees Celsius, the parallel connection switch 200 may be turned off to prepare the 1S1P mode driving (S320).
In this case, the parallel connection switch 200 is set to the turn-off state, and the electrical parallel connection between the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b of the E-call battery 100 are cut off and the operation in the 1S1P mode is performed in the battery discharging operation step S400 to be described later.
3.4. Battery Discharging Operation Step (S400)
A battery discharging operation step S400 is a step of discharging the E-call battery 100 with an electric connection structure corresponding to the control operation of the parallel connection switch 200 in the switch control step S300.
3.4.1. 1S2P Mode Driving Control Step (S410)
Specifically, when the parallel connection switch 200 is turned on in the switch control step S300 (S310), the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b of the E-call battery 100 are electrically connected in parallel to each other and are operated in the 1S2P mode during the E-call mode (S410). When the mode is not the E-call mode, that is, when the E-call mode operation signal is not received, the process returns to step S100.
3.4.2. 1S1P Mode Driving Control Step (S420)
When the parallel connection switch 200 is turned off in the switch control step S300 (S320), the electrical parallel connection between the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b of the E-call battery 100 are cut off, and the operation in the 1S1P mode is performed during operating in the E-call mode (S420). When the mode is not the E-call mode, that is, when the E-call mode operation signal is not received, the process returns to step S100.
Meanwhile, in the present exemplary embodiment, before driving in the 1S1P driving mode, a process of deciding which of the first and second battery banks is to be used as the main bank is performed. For example, in the previous steps S200 and S320, when the battery usage environment temperature is not less than a predetermined reference temperature, for example, 0 degrees Celsius, the parallel connection switch 200 (Q1) is turned off, and each of the output terminals the first and second battery banks outputs or blocks the bank voltage to the output terminal P(+) according to the on/off control of the first and second discharge control switches 110a and 110b (Q2 and Q3). In this case, in order to drive in the 1S1P mode, a main use bank output procedure of selecting one of the first and second battery banks 100a and 100b and outputting the voltage of the selected battery bank to the output terminal P(+) is performed, and for selection of the main use bank, the switch controller 500 may select the main use battery through a bank use state determination step (S421), a use bank maintenance step (S422), and a use bank replacement step (S423). In the 1S1P mode, the discharge control switch on the side of the bank determined as the main use bank is turned on so that only the corresponding bank is connected to the output terminal. The main use bank selection step may be implemented through the following procedure.
(1) Bank Use State Determination Step (S421)
A determination is made as to whether the accumulated use time of each of the first and second battery banks exceeds a predetermined reference use time. In an exemplary embodiment, for the initial connection state of the battery banks, the on/off state of the switches Q2 and Q3 may be determined so that only one battery bank is a main bank connected to an output terminal, and in this case, a determination is made as to whether the accumulated use time of the main bank exceeds a predetermined reference use time.
In another exemplary embodiment, in the bank use state determination step S421, the state of charge (SOC) or state of health (SOH) of each battery bank may be calculated, and the use state may be determined by determining whether the calculated value is less than a predetermined reference value.
In this way, the main use bank may be maintained or selected through additional procedures to be described below, based on at least one calculated value of the accumulated use time or the SOC or SOH of the first or second battery bank, which are calculated according to the bank use state determination.
In acquiring the accumulated use time, the SOC, and SOH of each battery bank, a well-known technique that is obvious to a person skilled in the art is used.
(2) Use Bank Maintenance Step (S422)
When the main bank is determined, and when the accumulated use time of the main bank is less than or equal to a predetermined reference time, the use of the main bank is maintained. That is, the discharge control switch on the side of the main bank is controlled to be on, and the discharge control switch on the other bank side is controlled to be off. When the initial main bank is determined, the main bank discharge control switch is in the on state, and thus the first and second discharge control switches are maintained without the switching operation.
In another exemplary embodiment, when the charging capacity of the main bank is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference value, the use of the corresponding bank may be maintained. Even in this case, the switching operation of the first and second discharge control switches is not performed.
(3) Use Bank Replacement Step or Use Bank selection Step (S423)
When the main bank is determined, and when the accumulated use time of the main bank is greater than the predetermined reference time, the use bank is replaced. Alternatively, when the charging capacity of the main bank is less than the predetermined reference value, the use bank is replaced. The replacement of the use bank is achieved by switching the first and second discharge control switches from on to off or from off to on. In any case, in the 1S1P mode, the parallel connection switch 200 is controlled to be off, and the first and second discharge control switches 110a and 110b are selectively controlled such that one is on and the other is off
When the main bank is not determined, a bank to be used may be selected according to the control of the switch controller 500. A bank to be used is selected according to the accumulated use time of each battery bank, and the SOC and the SOH of each battery bank acquired in the bank use state determination step S421 above. A criterion for selecting the bank to be used may be to select the one with the smaller accumulated use time or the one with the larger SOC or SOH, between the two battery banks.
Through the procedures, in the present exemplary embodiment, at a low temperature, the battery bank connected in parallel and used to prevent voltage drop may be used in the 1S1P mode, thereby increasing the operating life of the E-call battery system.
Meanwhile, in the exemplary embodiments, a battery bank may be a battery module of a single battery cell or of an aggregate of a plurality of battery cells, or a battery pack that is an aggregate of a plurality of battery modules. In addition, although not shown, like a typical battery structure, a battery management system (BMS) for controlling the first and second battery banks may be provided, and the temperature data acquisition controller 300, the comparison controller 400, and the switch controller 500 may be included in the BMS.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2021-0168988 | Nov 2021 | KR | national |
| 10-2022-0137219 | Oct 2022 | KR | national |
