Patent Grant
11492821
This application claims the benefit of the German patent application No. 102018114242.0 filed on Jun. 14, 2018, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by way of reference.
The invention relates to an emergency exit system which is suitable for use in an aircraft, in particular a commercial aircraft. Furthermore, the invention relates to an aircraft equipped with such an emergency exit system.
Modern commercial aircraft are conventionally provided with a plurality of emergency exits which are opened only in an emergency situation in order to enable people located in the aircraft to exit from the aircraft. The emergency exits can be, for example, what are referred to as over-wing exits which are provided in the aircraft fuselage above the wings and, in the opened state, open up an exit route from the aircraft cabin onto the wing. Such emergency exits are conventionally provided with doors which can be opened by a flight attendant or passenger in the emergency situation. Customary emergency exit doors conventionally comprise a lever, the actuation of which opens a closure mechanism. After the closure mechanism is opened, the door can be separated manually from the aircraft fuselage and stowed in the aircraft cabin. As an alternative thereto, the door can be thrown out of the aircraft through the door opening which is now free.
DE 10 2015 224 449 A1 discloses a door unit for an emergency exit door of an aircraft, the door unit comprising a rotary lever, a door holder coupled rotatably to one end of the rotary lever, a door fastened to the door holder, and a drive unit for rotating the rotary lever. During a movement from its closed position into its open position, the rotary lever moves an axis of rotation of the door holder first of all into an interior of the aircraft and subsequently out of the interior of the aircraft. Finally, the door holder with the door fastened thereto is rotated about the axis of rotation, as a result of which the door is pivoted upwards and a door opening is opened up.
The invention is based on an object of providing a simply constructed, reliable emergency exit system which is suitable for use in an aircraft. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of specifying an aircraft provided with such an emergency exit system.
An emergency exit system comprises a first primary structure frame and a second primary structure frame extending substantially parallel to the first primary structure frame. The two primary structure frames of the emergency exit system are configured, in the state of the emergency exit system mounted in an aircraft, to form part of a primary structure of the aircraft. The term “primary structure” here describes the load-bearing fuselage structure of the aircraft, which conventionally comprises a plurality of frames extending substantially parallel to one another and a plurality of stringers extending substantially parallel to one another.
A door opening is arranged between the first primary structure frame and the second primary structure frame. The door opening is formed, for example, in an aircraft outer skin which is connected to the primary structure frames. The door opening can basically have any desired shape and size, but preferably has a width which corresponds to 70 to 95% of the distance between the two primary structure frames. Furthermore, in the state of the emergency exit system mounted in an aircraft, the door opening can optionally either extend as far as a floor of an aircraft cabin or can end above the floor.
A door of the emergency exit system, which is shiftable substantially parallel to the first primary structure frame and the second primary structure frame between a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, closes the door opening. By contrast, in the open position, the door opens up the door opening. The door is shiftable upwards and/or downwards relative to the door opening.
At least one of the primary structure frames comprises a primary structure guide element for guiding the door when the door is shifted between the closed position and the open position. Both the first primary structure frame and the second primary structure frame are preferably provided with a primary structure guide element for guiding the door when the door is shifted between the closed position and the open position. When the door is shifted between the closed position and the open position, the door is then guided on both sides and consequently particularly safely and reliably.
The term “primary structure guide element” is understood here as meaning a guide element which fulfils the dual function firstly of guiding the movement of the door between the closed position and the open position, but secondly of also taking on load-supporting primary structure tasks. In other words, in the same manner as the two primary structure frames of the emergency exit system, the primary structure guide element is configured, in the state of the emergency exit system mounted in an aircraft, to form part of the primary structure of the aircraft. The emergency exit system is therefore distinguished by a simple construction and a high degree of functional reliability.
The primary structure frame comprising the primary structure guide element can be formed in a single part. For example, the primary structure frame can be provided along at least one portion with a guide element, which is formed in an integrated manner, i.e., integrally, with the primary structure frame, for guiding the door as the door is shifted between the closed position and the open position. As an alternative thereto, however, the primary structure frame comprising the primary structure guide element can also be formed in two parts along at least one portion and can comprise a first component comprising the primary structure guide element and a second component connected to the first component. In particular, the first component and the second component are connected to each other in a load-transmitting manner in order to ensure that the two components forming the two-part primary structure frame can take on corresponding load-supporting tasks of the primary structure of an aircraft.
The first component comprising the primary structure guide element can have an H-shaped cross section, i.e., can comprise two support portions which extend substantially parallel to each other and are connected to each other by a connecting portion extending substantially perpendicularly to the support portion. In the state of the emergency exit system mounted in an aircraft, an outer surface of a first support portion can be connected, for example, to an outer skin of the aircraft. By contrast, an outer surface of a second support portion can be connected to the second component of the two-part primary structure frame.
By contrast, the second component of the two-part primary structure frame can comprise a connecting portion which extends substantially perpendicularly to the support portions of the first component adjacent to the connecting portion of the first component. Support portions of the second component can extend from opposite surfaces of the connecting portion of the second component in opposite directions substantially perpendicularly to the connecting portion, wherein one of the support portions preferably rests on the outer surface of the second support portion of the first component.
The primary structure guide element preferably comprises at least one guide rail which extends from an inner surface of the primary structure frame, the inner surface facing the door, in the direction of the door. When the door is shifted between the closed position and the open position, a guide surface formed on the guide rail can then interact with a surface of an edge portion of the door. In a preferred embodiment of the emergency exit system, the primary structure guide element comprises two guide rails which extend substantially parallel to each other and can be formed, for example, by corresponding, mutually opposite regions of the support portions of the first component of a two-part primary structure frame. By contrast, on a side facing away from the door, mutually opposite regions of the support portions of the first component can be provided for connection to at least one stringer and can be shaped and dimensioned, for example, in such a manner that they can receive an end portion of at least one stringer between them.
The emergency exit system preferably furthermore comprises a releasable securing mechanism which is configured to secure the door in the closed position. The securing mechanism can be actuable automatically and/or manually. For example, the securing mechanism can comprise a rotatable actuating lever which can be actuated manually in order, in an emergency situation, to release the securing mechanism and thereby to permit the door to be shifted from the closed position into the open position. The securing mechanism is, in particular, a mechanism satisfying the corresponding safety regulations for emergency exit systems in commercial aircraft. For example, the securing mechanism can comprise a clamping device which is configured to force the door in the direction of a clamping portion, which is formed, in particular, on the guide element, in order to secure the door in the closed position.
Alternatively or additionally thereto, the securing mechanism can comprise a locking hook which is connected to the door and is configured to interact with a structurally fixed, complementary locking hook. The structurally fixed, complementary locking hook is preferably connected rigidly to a primary structure component. For example, the complementary locking hook can be attached to the first primary structure frame, to the second primary structure frame or to a stringer. If desired, the securing mechanism can also comprise a plurality of locking hooks connected to the door, and a corresponding number of complementary locking hooks.
The locking hook connected to the door and the structurally fixed, complementary locking hook can be brought into engagement with each other by an above-described clamping device or another suitable device. Additionally or alternatively thereto, it is, however, also conceivable that, in the state of the emergency exit system mounted in an aircraft, the locking hook which is connected to the door and the structurally fixed, complementary locking hook are brought into engagement with each other in the flight mode of the aircraft by means of the cabin pressure acting on an inner surface of the door, the inner surface facing an interior of the aircraft. By means of the interaction of the locking hook which is connected to the door with the structurally fixed, complementary locking hook, the door can be brought into a position in which it is capable of supporting peripheral loads which act on the door in particular in the flight mode of the aircraft.
The clamping device can comprise a bearing element which is arranged between the clamping portion of the guide element and a surface portion of the door, the surface portion interacting with the clamping portion. The surface portion of the door, the surface portion interacting with the clamping portion, can be, for example, an edge portion of an outer surface of the door, the outer surface facing the outer skin of the aircraft in the state of the emergency exit system mounted in an aircraft. The bearing element can be composed of an elastic material and can act as a damping element and/or as a sealing element.
As already mentioned, the door of the emergency exit system can be shiftable upwards and/or downwards relative to the door opening. In particular, the door can be shiftable from the closed position downwards substantially parallel to the first primary structure frame and the second primary structure frame into the open position in a manner driven by gravity. In the state of the emergency exit system mounted in an aircraft, the door in the open position is then arranged, for example, in an underfloor region of the aircraft. In such a configuration of the emergency exit system, the securing mechanism which holds the door in the closed position merely has to be released in order to initiate the shifting of the door from the closed position into the open position. The emergency exit system is then configured and can be operated particularly simply and has few components needing maintenance.
Alternatively or additionally thereto, the emergency exit system can also be provided with a lifting mechanism which is configured to shift the door upward substantially parallel to the first primary structure frame and the second primary structure frame relative to the door opening into the open position. In the state of the emergency exit system mounted in an aircraft, the door in the open position is then arranged, for example, in a, or adjacent to a, ceiling region of the aircraft.
The lifting mechanism can comprise, for example, a spring element which prestresses the door resiliently into the open position. In such a configuration of the lifting mechanism, the securing mechanism which keeps the door in the closed position merely has to be released in order to initiate the shifting of the door from the closed position into the open position. The spring element is preferably dimensioned in such a manner that the spring force provided by it is sufficient in order to keep the door in the open position after it has been shifted into the open position. This makes it possible to dispense with an additional mechanism for securing the door in the open position.
Alternatively or additionally thereto, the lifting mechanism can comprise a tension cable which is connected to the door and is configured to be wound up onto a cable drum as the door is being shifted from the closed position into the open position. Conversely, the tension cable is preferably unwound from the cable drum as the door is being shifted from the open position into the closed position. The spring element can be coupled to the cable drum for winding up or unwinding the tension cable, i.e., the cable drum can be designed in the form of a cable drum which is prestressed resiliently in a winding-up direction. If desired or required, the lifting mechanism can comprise a plurality of tension cables which are connected to the door and can be wound up onto one or more cable drums or can be unwound from one or more cable drums.
In a preferred embodiment of the emergency exit system, the tension cable is guided by a guide device. The guide device for guiding the tension cable can comprise, for example, at least one guide roller which can be fitted above the door opening to an inner surface of the first primary structure frame and/or of the second primary structure frame, the inner surface facing the door opening. Additionally or alternatively thereto, it is, however, also conceivable to use the guide element for guiding the door as it is being shifted between the closed position and the open position additionally also for guiding the tension cable.
In a preferred embodiment, the emergency exit system furthermore comprises a stop element which is configured to interact with the door and to prevent a further shifting of the door relative to the door opening when the door has reached the open position. By means of the stop element, a shifting of the door beyond a desired open position is prevented. The provision of a stop element is advantageous in particular whenever the door is shiftable downwards into the open position in a manner driven by gravity since the stop element then prevents a gravity-driven shifting of the door beyond the open position.
A damping element is preferably connected to the stop element and is configured to damp a stopping of the shifting movement of the door when the door has reached the open position. The damping element prevents an abrupt, uncontrolled stopping of the door when the door has reached the open position. The damping element can comprise, for example, a spring which is connected to the stop element, and therefore the stop element upon first contact with the door being shifted into the open position first of all moves together with the door over a defined distance, in the process brakes the shifting movement of the door and finally ensures controlled stopping of the shifting movement of the door.
As explained above, for the shifting of the door upwards into the open position, the lifting mechanism can be provided with a spring element, the spring force of which keeps the door in the open position after the door has been shifted into the open position. Additionally or alternatively thereto, however, a locking device can also be provided which is configured to lock the door in the open position. Such a locking device is appropriate, in particular, for use in an emergency exit system in which the door is shiftable downwards into the open position in a manner driven by gravity, but also a door which is shiftable upwards into the open position by means of a lifting mechanism can be secured by means of a locking device against an undesirable return movement into the closed position.
The locking device can comprise, for example, a locking element which is prestressed resiliently into a locking position and enters into contact with a corresponding edge region of the door as soon as the door has reached the open position. When a door is shiftable downwards into the open position in a gravity-driven manner, the locking element preferably interacts with an upper edge region of the door and thereby prevents an undesirable return movement of the door into the closed position, the return movement being caused, for example, by the damping element or by a movement of an aircraft provided with the emergency exit system. When a door is shiftable upwards into the open position by means of a lifting mechanism, the locking element preferably interacts with a lower edge region of the door and thereby prevents a, for example, gravity-driven return movement of the door into the closed position.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the emergency exit system, the door has a window which takes up, in particular, 70 to 90% of the area of the door. The cabin of an aircraft provided with the emergency exit system can then be provided in a visually particularly attractive manner with large windows.
The door can be formed in multiple parts and can comprise an upper part, a lower part and a central part arranged between the upper part and the lower part. The upper part and the lower part of the door can then be connected to the corresponding design for attaching the door to, for example, a securing mechanism for securing the door in the closed position, a lifting mechanism for shifting the door upwards into the open position, etc., while the central part preferably comprises as few functional components as possible. The door can then be adapted in a particularly simple manner to various design requirements. For example, the door can then be configured to be longer or shorter by simple interchanging of the central part.
The door can be in the form of a flexible rolling door. Such a rolling door can comprise, for example, a plurality of slats extending substantially parallel to one another and a plurality of cords connecting the slats to one another. In particular, whenever the door is in the form of a flexible rolling door, the securing mechanism for securing the door in the closed position preferably comprises a locking hook which is connected to the door and interacts with a structurally fixed, complementary locking hook in order to secure the door in the closed position.
A door which is in the form of a flexible rolling door can be configured in such a manner that, as it is being shifted from the closed position into the open position, it can be wound up onto a receiving roller. The receiving roller can be in the form of a receiving roller which is prestressed resiliently in a winding-up direction. The door which is in the form of a flexible rolling door is then automatically moved into the open position by the resilient prestressing force of the receiving roller as soon as the securing mechanism for securing the door in the closed position is released.
When required, i.e., in particular, whenever the door is in the form of a flexible rolling door, the emergency exit system can furthermore comprise a pressure-tight membrane which is applied to an inner surface of the door and, in the state of the emergency exit system mounted in an aircraft, faces an interior of the aircraft. The effect achieved by the pressure-tight membrane is that, in the flight mode of an aircraft provided with the emergency exit system, the rolling door is pressed by the cabin pressure into a position in which the rolling door, in particular, the cords connecting the slats to one another, and the locking hooks of the securing mechanism for securing the door in the closed position are capable of absorbing peripheral loads.
The emergency exit system can furthermore comprise an activatable blocking element which is configured in order, during a movement of the door from the closed position into the open position, to prevent the displacement of the door parallel to the first primary structure frame and the second primary structure frame in such a manner that, in the state of the emergency exit system mounted in an aircraft, the door drops out of the aircraft. For example, the blocking element in the activated state can be configured in order to close a receiving space for receiving the door in the open position, and therefore the shifting of the door into the receiving space is prevented and instead the door drops out of the aircraft. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the blocking element is in the form of an inflatable emergency chute.
An aircraft comprises an emergency exit system described above.
In order to permit the above-described, guided shifting of the door of the emergency exit system upwards and/or downwards relative to the door opening, the primary structure of the aircraft preferably does not have any stringers in the shifting path of the door. For stabilization purposes, an outer skin of the aircraft in the region of the shifting path of the door, in which no stringers are provided, can be provided with a reinforcing layer which can be applied to an inner surface of the aircraft outer skin, the inner surface facing an interior of the aircraft. A surface of the reinforcing layer, which surface faces the door during the shifting between the closed position and the open position, is preferably designed to be as flat as possible so as not to obstruct the shifting of the door. Furthermore, use can be made of a longitudinal pipe of a sealing module of the aircraft, the longitudinal pipe extending substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the aircraft, for stabilizing the primary structure of the aircraft.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the attached schematic drawings, of which
The first embodiment of the emergency exit system that is shown in
A door opening 16, see, in particular,
The emergency exit system 10 furthermore comprises a door 22 which is shiftable substantially parallel to the primary structure frames 12, 14 between an open position and a closed position. In the closed position illustrated in
The door 22 comprises a window 24 which takes up a predominant part of the area of the door 22, in particular, approximately 70 to 90% of the area of the door 22. This results, in the passenger cabin 106, in the visually attractive impression of a large window which is merely bounded by a narrow holding frame.
At least one of the two primary structure frames 12, 14 comprises a primary structure guide element 26 which serves to guide the door 22 as the door is being shifted between the closed position and the open position. In the embodiment of the emergency exit system 10 that is illustrated in
A detailed view of the primary structure frame 12 and of the associated primary structure guide element 26 is illustrated in
In the exemplary arrangement shown in
The second component 30 of the two-part primary structure frame 12 comprises a connecting portion 38 which extends substantially perpendicularly to the support portions 32, 34 of the first component 28 adjacent to and in alignment with the connecting portion 36 of the first component 28. In the region of the two ends of the connection portion 38, a first support portion 40 and a second support portion 42 extend from opposite surfaces of the connecting portion 38 in opposite directions substantially perpendicularly to the connecting portion 38. The first support portion 40 of the second component 30 rests on the outer surface of the second support portion 32 of the first component 28.
As is best clear from the illustrations according to
When the door 22 is shifted between the closed position and the open position, a guide surface 48 formed on the first guide rail 44 interacts with a surface 50 of an edge portion of the door 22. In a corresponding manner, a guide surface 52 formed on the second guide rail 46 interacts with a further surface 54 of the edge portion of the door 22, the further surface lying opposite the surface 50. By contrast, on a side facing away from the door 22, mutually opposite regions of the support portions 32, 34 of the first component 28 receive a plurality of stringers 56, which are arranged substantially parallel to one another, between them.
The emergency exit system 10 furthermore comprises a releasable, automatically and/or manually actuable securing mechanism 60 which meets the corresponding safety regulations for emergency exit systems in commercial aircraft and is configured to secure the door 22 in the closed position. In the exemplary embodiment of an emergency exit system 10 that is illustrated in
In the arrangement illustrated in
If, by contrast, the actuating lever 62 is rotated into its actuating position (see
In particular, in the embodiment of the emergency exit system 10 that is shown in
In order to permit shifting of the door 22 relative to the door opening 16, the primary structure of the aircraft 100 does not have any stringers in the shifting path of the door 22. The outer skin 18 of the aircraft 100 in the region of the shifting path of the door 22, in which no stringers are provided, is therefore provided with a reinforcing layer (not illustrated specifically in the figures) which is applied to an inner surface of the aircraft outer skin 18, the inner surface facing the interior of the aircraft cabin 102.
In order to prevent shifting of the door 22 beyond the desired open position, the emergency exit system 10 furthermore comprises a stop element 72 which enters into contact with a lower edge of the door 22 when the door 22 has reached the open position. A damping element 74 is connected to the stop element 72 and is configured to damp a stopping of the shifting movement of the door 22 when the door has reached the open position, and thereby to prevent an abrupt, uncontrolled stopping of the door 22 when the door has reached the open position. The damping element 74 comprises a spring connected to the stop element 72, and therefore the stop element 72 upon first contact with the door 22 being shifted into the open position first of all moves together with the door 22 over a defined distance, in the process brakes the shifting movement of the door 22 and finally ensures controlled stopping of the shifting movement of the door 22.
Finally, the emergency exit system 10 comprises a locking device 76 which is configured to lock the door 22 in the open position and thereby to prevent an undesirable return movement of the door 22 into the closed position. The locking device comprises a locking element 78 which is prestressed resiliently into a locking position and enters into contact with an upper edge region of the door 22 as soon as the door 22 has reached the open position.
The embodiment of an emergency exit system 10 that is shown in
The embodiment of an emergency exit system 10 that is shown in
The tension cable 82 is guided by a guide device 88. The guide device 88 comprises a plurality of guide rollers 90 which are attached above the door opening 16 to inner surfaces of the first and/or the second primary structure frame 12, 14, the inner surfaces facing the door opening 16. The spring element 86 is dimensioned in such a manner that the spring force provided by it is sufficient to keep the door 22 in the open position after the door has been shifted into the open position. If desired, however, the emergency exit system 10 can also be provided with an alternative or additional locking device for locking the door 22 in the open position. Otherwise, the design and the function of the emergency exit system 10 shown in
The embodiment of an emergency exit system 10 that is shown in
In the arrangement according to
As is apparent from
As is clear from
Finally, the embodiment of the emergency exit system 10 that is shown in
While at least one exemplary embodiment of the present invention(s) is disclosed herein, it should be understood that modifications, substitutions and alternatives may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the exemplary embodiment(s). In addition, in this disclosure, the terms “comprise” or “comprising” do not exclude other elements or steps, the terms “a” or “one” do not exclude a plural number, and the term “or” means either or both. Furthermore, characteristics or steps which have been described may also be used in combination with other characteristics or steps and in any order unless the disclosure or context suggests otherwise. This disclosure hereby incorporates by reference the complete disclosure of any patent or application from which it claims benefit or priority.
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| 102018114242.0 | Jun 2018 | DE | national |
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