Emergency ladder system and method of use

Abstract

An emergency ladder system and housing assembly developed to provide an alternative route of exit from a multi-story structure in case of a fire or other emergency. The system is designed to mount within the stud wall cavity below an escape opening such as a window. The system is comprised of an enclosure and ladder assembly, which is stowed within the enclosure when not in use. The enclosure door doubles as a step when opened. This provides a person during an emergency a platform to step onto after exiting the escape opening. Additionally, the door can be covered with a material matching the exterior wall of the structure such as siding.

Description

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0002] Not applicable.

REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISK APPENDIX

[0003] Not applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] 1. Field of the Invention

[0005] The present invention relates to an emergency ladder system. More particularly, the emergency ladder system that mounts within the exterior wall of a structure.

Current U.S. Class: 182/76; 182/70
Intern'l Class:     A62B 001/06
Field of Search:    182/70, 73, 76, 84, 196 248/201

REFERENCES CITED: [Referenced By]

[0006]

U.S. Patent Documents
6129178	May., 1999	Shupp	182/76
5842539	Jul., 1996	Hough	182/70
5664642	Aug., 1996	Williams	182/70
4127184	Dec., 1977	Strohmeyer	182/70
6135239	Oct., 1997	Martin	182/70
5064021	Apr., 1990	Bauer	182/73
4381046	Dec., 1980	Lamdem	182/70
5012892	Jul., 1989	Kelly	182/84
5020633	Feb., 1990	Rangel	182/70
5467841	Jun., 1994	Krumal	182/70
4445589	May., 1983	Longenecker	182/76
4164991	Apr., 1978	Marra	182/70

[0007] 2. Background Information

[0008] There has long existed a demand for emergency ladder system, which provides an alternative route of exit from a multi-story structure in case of a fire or other emergency. Many patents disclose inventions that intend to fulfill the need for said ladders. An example of such an emergency ladder system is U.S. Pat. No. 6,129,178 to Shupp, which discloses an escape ladder and housing assembly, adapted to the framework in the wall of a structure below an escape opening.

[0009] This escape ladder and housing includes a door associated with housing side walls to close said front opening of said housing so as to enclose ladder construction.

[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 5,842,539 to Hough discloses a fire escape assembly, which is mounted within a structure. The ladder, which is enclosed within the housing, is dispensed through the window.

[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 5,664,642 to Williams discloses a fire evacuation kit comprising a housing mounted inside a residence below a window, said housing contains a rope ladder, fire extinguisher, flashlight and respiration mask, said rope ladder is dispensed through the window.

[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 4,127,184 to Strohmeyer discloses a combination window box and fire escape comprising an enclosure mounted external to the residence, said window box holds a collapsible ladder.

[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 6,135,239 to Martin discloses a self-contained fire escape apparatus adapted for mounting within a building wall, comprising a collapsible ladder, which is dispensed through the window.

[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 5,012,892 to Kelly discloses an escape ladder assembly comprising a framework structure mounted external to the residence, plurality of interconnected ladder sections, a means of connection and a platform carried by said framework.

[0015] Despite a myriad of patents having addressed the need for an emergency escape ladder system, there still remains the need for an escape ladder system, which provides a substantial sized platform in which a person could exit a window onto, turn around and descend down an enclosed ladder. Additionally, the previously named patents fail to provide a step that doubles as the door for the enclosure and can be covered to match the exterior of the structure.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The Emergency Ladder System has been developed to provide an alternative route of exit from a multi-story structure in case of a fire or other emergency. The system is designed to mount within the wall cavity framed in a structure either during new construction or in an existing structure. The system is designed to be non-obtrusive on the exterior of a structure since it can be sided to match the exterior of the structure. The main concept behind the system is the step. The door of the ladder system doubles as a step when opened. This allows a person, during an emergency, to step out of the window and place their feed onto the platform created by the door. By providing the individual with a step, he or she will be able to exit the window, turn around and descend the ladder to the ground during an emergency. The system would contain a collapsible ladder assembly of sufficient length for a person to descend to the ground safely.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

[0017] FIG. 1 is a front partial perspective view of the embodiment of the invention wherein the hinged door is in the open position and the ladder is deployed.

[0018] FIG. 2 is a front partial perspective view of the invention in FIG. 1 with hidden lines viewed.

[0019] FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of the Enclosure Frame and hinged Door Frame of one embodiment of the invention.

[0020] FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the Enclosure Frame and hinged Door Frame of one embodiment of the invention.

[0021] FIG. 5 is a front perspective view of the invention with the hinged door in the open position and the insulation panels and ladder removed.

[0022] FIG. 6 is a side view of invention in FIG. 5 wherein the hinged door is in the open position.

[0023] FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of the invention in FIG. 1 just before installation within the stud wall of a structure.

[0024] FIG. 8 is a front perspective view of one embodiment of the invention while mounted within the wall of a structure and sided to match the exterior of the structure. It is shown in the closed position.

[0025] FIG. 9 is a front perspective view of one embodiment of the invention while mounted within the wall of a structure and sided to match the exterior of the structure. It is shown in the open position with the ladder deployed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION INCLUDING A BEST MODE

[0026] Definitions

[0027] As utilized herein, “essentially horizontal” refers to being at an angle equal to or less than 20 degrees relative to gravity.

[0028] Construction and Use

[0029] Concept

[0030] The Emergency Ladder System has been developed to provide an alternative route of exit from a multi-story structure in case of a fire or other emergency. The system is designed to be mounted into the exterior stud wall cavity framed in a structure either during new construction or in an existing structure. The system is designed to be non-obtrusive on the exterior of a structure since the door of the system can be sided to match the exterior of the structure. The main concept behind the system is the door, which doubles as a step. The door of the ladder system doubles as a step when opened. This allows a person, during an emergency, to step out of the window and place their feet onto the step created by opening the door. By providing the individual with a step, he or she will be able to exit the window, turn around and descend the ladder to the ground during an emergency. The ladder assembly should provide a sufficient number of rungs to descend to the ground safely.

[0031] Installation

[0032] The Emergency Ladder System should be mounted into a cavity within the exterior wall of a structure. The cavity is typically framed in with wooden 2×6 studs. The cavity should be framed in below a window on an upper level floor. The Emergency Ladder System is then slid into the cavity from the exterior of the wall and fastened in place. The preferred fastener is a lag bolt. The lag bolts are inserted through holes in the enclosure frame. The lag bolts are threaded into the sides of the studs until the walls of the enclosure frame are drawn tight to the studs. The door should be provided with a solid panel, which should be essentially flush with the exterior sheeting attached to the structure. The panel is preferably made of wood or plastic. The door panel can be sided to match the exterior of the structure so as to blend in with the exterior of the structure when not in use.

[0033] Use

[0034] The following procedure is the preferred method of use of the system.

[0035] 1. Open or break the window under which the Emergency Ladder System is installed.

[0036] 2. Reach out of the window and pull the handle on the door of the escape system to open the door, which provides a step.

[0037] 3. Pushed the collapsed ladder assembly off the step. The ladder will then extract to provide a sufficient number of rungs to safely descend the ladder to the ground.

[0038] 4. The exiting person will then step out of the window and onto the step provided by the door of the Emergency Ladder System.

[0039] 5. The person will be able to turn around and climb down the ladder assembly.

[0040] 6. After use, the ladder system can be collapsed again and stowed within the ladder assembly. This is if the ladder system has not been damaged during the emergency or use of said ladder.

[0041] PREFERRED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

Materials
Item #	Qty	Description	Material	Optional Materials
10	1	Enclosure Frame	Aluminum	Carbon Steel,
				Stainless Steel,
				Wood
20	1	Continuous Hinge	Aluminum	Carbon Steel,
				Stainless Steel.
				Brass
30	1	Door Frame Panel	Aluminum	Carbon Steel,
				Stainless Steel,
				Plastic, Wood
40	2	Door Support Strap	Nylon Webbing	Braided Wire,
				Chain, Rope
50	16	Pop Rivet	Aluminum	Carbon Steel,
				Stainless Steel
60	2	Door Support Strap Retainer	Carbon Steel	Stainless Steel,
				Aluminum
70	1	Strap Retaining Rod	Stainless Steel	Carbon Steel,
				Aluminum, Wood
80	1	Outer Door Panel	Exterior CDX	Wood Treated,
				Plywood, Plastic,
				or similar products
90	9	Wood Screw	Zinc Plated Steel	Stainless Steel
100	2	Insulation Panel	Foil Faced Foam	Fiberglass
			Insulation Panel	Insulation,
				Polystyrene,
				Wood, or similar
				insulating
				materials
110	2	Ladder Support Strap	Nylon Webbing	Braided Wire,
				Chain or Rope
120	12	Ladder Rung	Aluminum	Stainless Steel,
				Carbon Steel,
				Wood or flat or
				round rungs made
				of similar materials
130	12	Anti-Slip Pad	Anti-Slip Tape	Any other similar
				material or coating
				consisting of slip
				resistant
				ingredients
140	8	Flat Washer	Zinc Plated Steel	Stainless Steel,
				Aluminum
150	8	Lag Screw	Zinc Plated Steel	Stainless Steel,
				Aluminum
160	1	Door Pull	Carbon Steel -	Brass, Wood,
			Powder Coated	Aluminum,
				Stainless Steel
170	4	Wood Screw - Oval Head	Zinc Plated Steel	Brass, Stainless
				Steel, Aluminum
180	1	Emergency Ladder System
190	1	Stud Wall of a Structure
200	1	Sided Wall of a Structure
210	1	Window of a Structure

[0042] Steps of Construction

[0043] The following is the preferred method of construction.

[0044] Step 1

[0045] The Enclosure Frame (Item 10) is the first item constructed. This is made typically of punched and brake formed aluminum. It can be made in either one or two pieces and the corners are connected via the Pop Rivets (Item 50). This will form the rectangular structure. The clearance holes for rivets, lag screws and nylon webbing is pre-punched prior to brake forming.

[0046] Step 2

[0047] The Door Frame Panel (Item 30) is constructed secondly. This is made typically of punched and brake formed aluminum. It can be made of one piece of aluminum sheet, which has the clearance holes pre-punched for the wood screws and pop rivets along with the slots for the nylon webbing. Next, side and front flanges are brake formed to create perpendicular members, which provide strength and a cavity for later installed insulation panel.

[0048] Step 3

[0049] The Continuous Hinge (Item 20) is cut to length from purchased aluminum hinge material. It is then attached to the lower horizontal member of the Enclosure Frame and similarly to the Door Frame Panel. The preferred method of attachment is pop riveting. This provides rotation of the Door Frame Panel from the closed to open positions. The Continuous Hinge is preferably spaced evenly between the vertical side members of the Enclosure Frame. Attention is paid to verify correct fit of Door Frame Panel within the Enclosure Frame while in the closed position.

[0050] Step 4

[0051] The Outer Door Panel (Item 80) is cut to size and attached to the exterior surface of the Door Frame Panel. The preferred method of attachment is with Wood Screws (Item 90). This panel is typically made of exterior sheeting (building plywood). Location of said panel with respect to the Door Frame Panel must be spaced evenly in the horizontal plane. It must also be positioned vertically in such a position as to allow the door to open to the essentially horizontal position. The purpose of the Outer Door Panel is first provide added strength to the step capable of supporting a person and secondly to allow material such as siding to be attached to the exterior to match that of the structure. This panel can also be made of standard lumber, plastic or other material, which will allow adequate strength as a step along with the ability to attach material such as siding.

[0052] Step 5

[0053] The Ladder Rung (Item 120) is made from aluminum flat stock and cut to required size. It is pre-punched or laser cut with apertures that are essentially evenly spaced at each end of said rung. Apertures provide openings of which the nylon webbing can pass through. After the apertures are completed the material is brake formed into a L-shape. The L-shape provides strength to said rung.

[0054] Step 6

[0055] The Anti-Slip Pad (Item 130) is cut to length. This pad can be made from purchased anti-slip tape. The pad is then adhered to the uppermost horizontal surface of the ladder rung with adhesive. It provides the person exiting the structure with a surface that will reduce the chance of slipping. This surface can be replaced with any suitable material that will resist slip or paint or powder coating, which contains material that hinder slip.

[0056] Step 7

[0057] The ladder is preferably made with nylon webbing and ladder rungs. The Ladder Support Straps (Item 110) are cut to length. Then the first end is measured, marked and loops are created. Loops can be either sewn or ultrasonically welded or connected via a mechanical fastener. The after the loop is created on the first end the second end is woven through slots punched in the Ladder Rungs (Item 120). Said second end is continually fed through the slots in all rungs and the remainder is left hanging unattached. The preferred spacing for the rungs is 12″ intervals. These rungs could also be replaced with flat surface rungs, cylindrical rungs or wooden dowels. The webbing could also be replaced with wire rope (cable), chain, or rope. Some modifications must be made if substitute materials or rungs are utilized.

[0058] Step 8

[0059] The Strap Retaining Rod (Item 70) is cut to length This rod is made from material capable of supporting a sizable lad, yet small enough to fit under the insulation panel of the door. The Strap Retaining Rod's purpose is to secure the ends of the Door Support Strap (Item 40) and the Ladder Support Strap (Item 110). After inserting the rod through the nylon loops, the rod is laid in position. The insulation panel then holds it in place. The rod allows the easy removal of the nylon webbing if it becomes deteriorated or damaged. This rod is typically made of stainless steel, but could be replaced with other materials such as carbon steel, wood or aluminum.

[0060] Step 9

[0061] The Door Support Strap (Item 40) is cut to length. The preferred material is nylon webbing. Loops are then created at both ends either via sewing, ultrasonic welding or mechanical fastener. The loops provide a means of attachment to the enclosure and door frame. First end is passed through the slots provided in the enclosure and the Door Support Strap Retainer (Item 60) is passed through the loop and secured in place. The Door Support Strap Retainer facilitates the easy removal of the nylon straps if they become damaged or deteriorated. The second end is then passed through the slots within the Door Frame Panel and onto the Strap Retaining Rod. These straps must be able to support the entire load applied by both the step and ladder assembly along with the additional load of the exiting persons. They can also be made from wire rope (cable), chain or rope. Some modifications must be made if substitute material is used.

[0062] Step 10

[0063] The Insulation Panels (Item 100) can be cut to size and assemble next. Preferably two insulation panels are cut to size to friction fit within the Door Frame Panel and the Enclosure Frame. These insulation panels replace the thermal protection for the structure that was removed due to the cavity created for the Enclosure Frame. Clear silicone or its equivalent can be applied to the surfaces of the enclosure/door assembly where the insulation panels contact. This provides a seal and holds the insulation in place. The insulation panels are positioned and pressed into place to adhere to the silicone. Silicone can be eliminated if friction fit holds insulation securely in place. The preferred material for the insulation panels is foil faced foam insulation. This can be substituted with pink polystyrene or fiberglass batting insulation or any other suitable material.

[0064] Step 11

[0065] The Ladder Assembly is then collapsed and placed within the enclosure. The mounting hardware and door handle and instructions are stowed within the enclosure for shipping.

[0066] Step 12

[0067] The System is installed in a structure. The door handle is attached to the exterior of the door after the material, such as siding, has been applied in the field.

Claims

1. An assembly, comprising: (a) an apparatus, comprising; (i) a frame mounted within an exterior wall of structure below an escape opening such as a window; and (ii) a hinged door pivotally attached to the frame, wherein the door pivots away from the window from a closed position wherein the door is essentially horizontal when in the open position and allows access to an interior storage chamber defined by the assembly, and (2) provides a step outside the structure, said door is supported via a support member which collapses within the chamber while in the closed position, said support member is attached at the first end to said enclosure, said support member is attached at the second end to said door through spaced apart apertures; and (b) a collapsible ladder having a first end attached to the door through spaced apart apertures.

2. An assembly as recited in paragraph 1, wherein the hinged door has an interior surface and an exterior surface, and the exterior surface of the door is covered with a material matching the exterior wall of the structure.

3. A method of use, comprising the steps of: (a) opening a window in a structure to provide an opening through the structure; and (b) pivoting a hinged door on an assembly installed below the window on the structure form a closed position to open position wherein the door is essentially horizontal when in the open position and allows access to an interior storage chamber defined by the assembly; and (c) removing a collapsible ladder from the storage chamber wherein a first end of the ladder is attached to the door; and (d) allowing a second end of the ladder to drop downwardly from the door; and (e) stepping through the window onto the door; and (f) descending the ladder.