This application is a national stage filing of International Application No. PCT/CA2017/000024, International Publication No. WO 2018/076095, filed on Feb. 3, 2017, which claims priority to Canadian Patent Application No. 2,946,944, filed on Oct. 28, 2016. The entire contents of both of these applications are incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to systematic archaeological test pitting, and more particularly, to an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments and a method of operating the same.
Present-day archaeological testing of areas of archaeological potential is conducted by manually excavating numerous test pits—typically, several hundred test pits are excavated for larger scale projects—arranged in a geo-referenced grid covering the area. The standard size of the test pits used by archaeologists to test the ground for archaeological remains is 50 cm by 50 cm cross-section and depth of 120 cm. The soil extracted from the test pits is then, typically manually, screened for archaeological remains before the test pits are back filled.
Manual testing for archaeological remains is extremely labour intensive, costly, and time consuming, typically at a rate of approximately 10 test pits per person per standard 8 hour work day.
Furthermore, manually dug test pits are not of the same size, substantially reducing the accuracy of the testing due to the non-uniformity of the test pits. Another problem of manual testing is “spill-in” of sediments surrounding the test pits—in particular, gravel rich soil—causing cross-contamination of the extracted soil, further reducing the accuracy of the testing.
Manually dug test pits are excavated to a maximum depth of 120 cm to minimize risk of operator injury, thus the testing of particularly older sites is substantially limited, i.e. the manual digging is stopped prior reaching the depths where archaeological remains may be found.
Employment of conventional augers in archaeological testing is limited to very small soil augers. Holes having a diameter substantially smaller than 50 cm are drilled in close proximity to each other and the soil retrieved by the auger is then processed by hand on the surface. Again, the “spill-in” effect is encountered by which soil from the auger and/or profile of the fresh test pit during excavation cross-contaminates the extracted soil.
While employment of tubular soil augers, as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,653,336 and 8,365,638, increases the sample retaining capacity of the auger, the size of the auger is still substantially limited, as well as the “spill-in” effect is still encountered.
It may be desirable to provide an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that substantially prevents “spill-in” effects.
It also may be desirable to provide an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that enables soil extraction and soil screening using the same apparatus.
It also may be desirable to provide an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that enables provision of water during the soil screening.
It also may be desirable to provide a method of operating an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that enables soil extraction and soil screening using the same apparatus.
Accordingly, the current disclosure may provide an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that substantially prevents “spill-in” effects.
The disclosure may provide an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that enables soil extraction and soil screening using the same apparatus.
The disclosure may provide an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that enables provision of water during the soil screening.
The disclosure may provide a method of operating an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that enables soil extraction and soil screening using the same apparatus.
According to one aspect, there is provided an encased soil auger apparatus. The encased soil auger apparatus comprises an auger casing forming a hollow cylindrical body. A wall of the auger casing has a plurality of openings having a predetermined size for enabling passage of particles therethrough. A soil auger having a helical screw blade is disposed in the auger casing in a coaxial fashion. A soil engaging end portion of the auger protrudes a first end of the auger casing.
According to another aspect, there is provided an encased soil auger apparatus. The encased soil auger apparatus comprises an auger casing forming a hollow cylindrical body. A wall of the auger casing has a plurality of openings having a predetermined size for enabling passage of particles therethrough. A soil auger having a helical screw blade is disposed in the auger casing in a coaxial fashion. A soil engaging end portion of the auger protrudes a first end of the auger casing. The soil engaging end portion of the auger extends from a longitudinal axis approximately a same distance as an outside radius of the auger casing. The encased soil auger apparatus further comprises an end cap for enclosing the soil engaging end portion of the auger after extraction of the soil.
According to another aspect, there is provided a method of extracting and screening soil. An encased soil auger apparatus is provided. The encased soil auger apparatus is placed at a predetermined location with a longitudinal axis thereof oriented substantially vertical. The encased soil auger apparatus is drilled into the soil until a predetermined depth is reached. The encased soil auger apparatus containing the extracted soil is then retracted and an end cap is mounted to the auger casing for enclosing the soil engaging end portion of the auger. The encased soil auger apparatus is then moved such that the longitudinal axis thereof is oriented substantially horizontal and the extracted soil contained in the auger casing is screened.
An advantage of the present disclosure is that it provides an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that substantially prevents “spill-in” effects.
A further advantage of the present disclosure is that it provides an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that enables soil extraction and soil screening using the same apparatus.
A further advantage of the present disclosure is that it provides an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that enables provision of water during the soil screening.
A further advantage of the present disclosure is that it provides a method of operating an encased soil auger apparatus for mechanical extraction and processing of soil for archeological assessments that enables soil extraction and soil screening using the same apparatus.
An embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, certain methods and materials are now described.
While the description of certain embodiments hereinbelow is with reference to a quick mount plate for connecting the encased soil auger apparatus to the boom of a skid-steer, it will become evident to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto, but are adaptable for connecting the same to other light-heavy duty mechanical implements such as, for example, an excavator or tractor.
Referring to
In an example implementation the encased soil auger apparatus 100 has a length L of 120 cm and a diameter D of 60 cm, enabling drilling of a standard test pit, and is driven using a hydraulic drive providing 113.5 litres per minute hydraulic pressure. Of course the encased soil auger apparatus 100 can be adapted to various different sizes, for example, having a length L greater than 120 cm, enabling testing of older sites where archaeological remains may be found at greater depths.
Optionally, as illustrated in
Referring to
End cap 119 is made in a similar fashion as the auger casing 101 as a frame structure with a wire mesh or made of sheet material having openings disposed therein. Optionally, the openings re omitted in the end cap 119. The end cap 119 further comprises a fastening mechanism such as, for example, chain binders or ratchet straps 120 to easily and removably attach the same to the auger casing 101. The end cap 119 is employed for enclosing the soil engaging end portion of the auger after extraction of the soil and during screening.
As illustrated in
Referring to
The present invention has been described herein with regard to certain embodiments. However, it will be obvious to persons skilled in the art that a number of variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as described herein.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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CA 2946944 | Oct 2016 | CA | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/CA2017/000024 | 2/3/2017 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2018/076095 | 5/3/2018 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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2735703 | Goodman | Feb 1956 | A |
3565190 | Ishii | Feb 1971 | A |
4228862 | Causse | Oct 1980 | A |
4653336 | Vollweiler | Mar 1987 | A |
5245878 | Underwood | Sep 1993 | A |
5476017 | Pinto | Dec 1995 | A |
7546887 | Schwab | Jun 2009 | B2 |
8365638 | Paxton | Feb 2013 | B2 |
Entry |
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PCT, Canadian Intellectual Property Office (ISA/CA), International Search Report, International Application No. PCT/CA2017/000024, 3 pages (dated Jul. 25, 2017). |
PCT, Canadian Intellectual Property Office (ISA/CA), Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, International Application No. PCT/CA2017/000024, 3 pages (dated Jul. 25, 2017). |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20190250072 A1 | Aug 2019 | US |