Patent Application
20170288400
The present disclosure relates to an energy process handling apparatus, system, and/or assembly, and more particularly, an energy process handling apparatus, system, and/or assembly for communicating energy to a target localized environment, and a method of using and/or assembling the same, and a corresponding method of communicating energy to a target localized environment.
In one respect, the present disclosure relates generally to an energy process handling apparatus, system or assembly, including a system for, or including, one or more energy transfer or conversion units or modules, a power generation unit(s) or module(s) and/or energy or power distribution unit(s) or module(s). In another respect, the present disclosure relates generally to a multi-unit or multi-module energy process handling apparatus, system or assembly, wherein multiple units or modules receive, transfer, and\or deliver energy from or to at least one other system unit or module, or an environment in which the system is operated or located (e.g., a localized environment). In exemplary systems, each system unit or module converts energy from one form or other, or transfers, enhances, or changes the medium transporting energy. The systems, apparatus, and\or assemblies are particularly suited for localized consumption or delivery, i.e., in or by a discrete, defined space with quantifiable energy demands, such as a building, residence, or mobile enclosure. The present disclosure further relates to both a system and a method of, or for, energy handling, energy management, or energy process handling. The disclosure also relates to a system and method for meeting the energy demand of a localized environment. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to an energy handling apparatus or system and its assembly, and further, its use or operation. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a multi-unit energy process handling system, apparatus, and method of using or assembling same, and alternatively, an energy process handing system unit or component for incorporation therewith.
The conventional system of centralized power generation and distribution over a wide geographic network is characterized by vast losses of energy either through thermal loss during production or distribution loss during delivery. It is estimated that only forty percent of the energy generated by such centralized plants in the United States actually make it to the consumer. This grossly inefficient model may be countered somewhat by electric power generating plants that generate power more closely to the consumer and utilizing the thermal energy that is generated as byproduct in electric power generation. In this regard, micro combined heat and power generation systems are available that co generate electricity and heat and utilize the heat on location.
Conventional electric driven air-conditioning systems typically utilize large compressors that are driven by AC inductive motors. These motors demand power for start up and for continuous operation. Reliance on such systems on hot summer days contributes to very high energy demand peaks on the electric grid and inefficiency on the general collective consumption of energy. Internal combustion engines (ICE) can be utilized to drive HVAC compressors directly and the thermal heat generated by the ICE can be used to heat water for domestic use, dehumidify the conditioned air using desiccants, to distill or purify water or to heat swimming pools or Jacuzzis, or in the case of businesses that use boilers, to preheat water for process heat or to generate steam. Small systems that are capable of generating up to 5 KW of electric power and heat simultaneously, and at the same time, provide air conditioning are called Micro Combined Cooling Heating and Power (MCCHP) Systems.
Another application in which cogeneration is found is in Auxiliary Power Units (APU) for commercial long haul trucks. In the United States, these trucks are required by law to rest for ten hours after eleven hours of driving. APUs are designed to eliminate long idle rest stops. Similar to the MCCHP, the APU uses a small internal combustion engine (ICE), typically fueled by diesel, in lieu of the truck's main engine. Since this engine is much smaller than the main engine in terms of displacement, it uses a fraction of the fuel that would be otherwise required to idle the larger engine. These units can run for as much as eight hours on one US gallon of diesel. The engine provides heat to the main engine so that the main engine can be started easily. An APU can save up to 20 gallons of fuel a day, and can extend the useful life of a truck's main engine by around 100,000 miles, avoiding long idle times. APUs provide the truck cab with electrical power for hotel load requirements and may also include air-conditioning for the truck cab. Some APUs even provide an air compressor that maintains the trucks required supply of high pressure air for suspension, brakes and other requirements.
Most conventional energy systems are designed and constructed to serve specific and static applications. This applies in regard to both fuel type and the target application of the fuel. For example, in the modern residence, power to electrical devices may be provided by tapping directly into a communal grid. Heat for cooking, heating water and climate control may be provided by natural gas using a separate energy management system while air cooling may be powered via the grid but using yet another separate system. Typically, such systems are located in different parts of the residence, use different equipment and are managed by different personnel.
It would be desirable to provide energy handling or energy process handling systems that take advantage of the above-described advancements and\or that eliminate some or all of the above mentioned conventional system deficiencies.
In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed generally to an energy handling or energy process handling apparatus, system or assembly, including, one or more energy transfer or conversion units or modules, a power generation unit(s) or module(s) and/or energy or power distribution unit(s) or module(s). In exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure describes generally a multi-unit or multi-module (preferably, multi-modular units) energy process handling apparatus, system or assembly, wherein multiple units or modules receive, transfer, and\or deliver energy from or to at least one other system unit or module, or an environment in which the system is operated or located (e.g., a localized environment). For example, such a system may include one or more modular units that receive or deliver energy from\to a localized environment in the form of a residence or other facility (e.g., office building), e.g., engaging in heat transfer therewith and\or delivering (or receiving) power or electricity, or another environment outside of the localized environment (e.g., receiving natural gas\fuel from a distribution source or receiving or delivering electricity from\to the grid). In exemplary systems, each system unit or module converts energy from one form or other, or transfers, enhances, or changes the medium transporting energy. In exemplary installations or applications, systems, apparatus, and\or assemblies are configured or provided for localized consumption or delivery, i.e., in or by a discrete, defined space with quantifiable energy demands, such as a building, residence, or mobile enclosure.
In one aspect, the present disclosure presents an energy (and/or power) handling system and assembly having a first energy process handling component, and a second energy process handling component operationally engaged with the first energy handling component. As used herein, in respect to certain embodiments, “operationally engaged” means the two components share one or more processes, whereby the process or operation of one component impacts the other. For example, in the case of an energy handling module that is, or includes, an energy process handling unit, a product of a process or function of that unit or module (e.g., heat exhaust or electricity) may be received by the other component(s), directly or indirectly. In the case of an energy handling unit, such as a control module, one unit may communicate signals or information to the other unit, and may direct operation thereof. In preferred installations or applications, one energy process handling unit, receives energy from one other module or outside environment, converts received energy into another form or transfers or enhances or changes the medium of energy transport, and\or, then, delivers energy to another module or environment. In further embodiments, the system or assembly includes additional components, wherein each of the components is operationally engaged with at least one other component, and further, wherein each component is directly or indirectly operationally engaged with all other or a plurality of components (e.g., all of the components of the assembly) (sometimes referred to herein, in the context of multi-module system as an “inter-operational relationship of modules.”). In this respect, the assembly of the components is physically and operationally configured as an interconnected or inter-operationally engaged energy handling system. In one preferred installation, a modular system according to the present disclosure consists of modularly and operationally engaged units or modules, and more preferably, interconnected and inter-operationally engaged energy process handling units, that delivers energy to a localized environment or facility.
In another aspect, the energy process handling components are modularly engaged, wherein each component is disposed adjacent and in modular correspondence with at least one other components. Specifically, for purposes of the present disclosure, such a component is said to be modularly and operationally engaged or in modular correspondence with another component or components, when the components are operationally engaged (usually directly), such that processes occurs between the two components or the two components communicate energy between them, and share a face and at least one or two face dimensions (e.g., length\width, height and\or depth). In preferred embodiments, such operational and modular engagement is facilitated by mutually engaged interfaces (which provide the shared faces), the interfaces bearing structural features that readily allow for modular engagement and, disengagement or re-engagement (e.g., registration means and\or a matching flat or contoured faces) and operational engagement, and disengagement or re-engagement (matching ports, flexible and movable communication gear and conduits, etc.).
In yet further and exemplary applications, a system with such modularly and operationally engaged modules is characterized with “variable or flexible operational inter-positionability” also referred to with reference to certain embodiments described herein as “inter-positionability” or “variable or flexible operational inter-positionability”. Such “variable or flexible operational inter-positionability” in multi-module energy process handling systems may be defined by or characterized by individual energy process modules, whose relative juxtaposition may be altered from an initial configuration, defined by the relative arrangement and alignment of modules and the direction(s) of energy process flows defined therein by such arrangement and alignment, to a subsequent configuration defined by the relative arrangement and alignment of modules and the direction(s) of energy process flows defined therein by such subsequent arrangement and alignment. In such systems having variable or flexible operational inter-positionability, the modules are inter-operationally engageable in multiple different arrangements and alignments of the modules. In exemplary embodiments, modules of such systems, characterized by such inter-positionability, may be equipped with multiple interfaces with multiple, strategically-located registration means, communication ports and conduits, and energy transfer ports or conduits.
For purposes of the present disclosures, the terms “components”, “units” or “modules,” may be used interchangeably in the context of an energy handling system or its configuration. Also, several terms may be use to describe mechanical or structural passages defining and facilitating the communication of energy processes or media, including the terms portals, ports or conduits.
The term “operationally” is also used herein interchangeably with “operatively” or “operably.” In the present context, and in the description of energy process handling and energy process handling systems, these terms shall refer to how one system component or unit operates in synchronous with or in response to another system component or unit.
In another aspect, the present disclosure presents a method of assembling or operating a multi-unit energy process handling assembly, such as the aforementioned assemblies or systems.
In one aspect, a method is described for generating and distributing electric power for localized use. The method includes providing a substantially enclosed building or facility having an air conditioning and ventilation unit for supplying cooled air within the building. The unit includes a closed loop circuit configured to operate a closed loop refrigeration cycle, including a compressor operable to compress a working fluid of the closed loop circuit. The method entails engaging an internal combustion engine with the compressor, and operating the internal combustion engine to drive the compressor, thereby transferring energy to the refrigeration cycle (and thus, to the localized environment). The method further includes engaging an electric motor with the compressor; and operating the electric motor to drive the compressor, thereby transferring energy to the refrigeration cycle. To accommodate such service, an energy process handling system, according to the present disclosure, may be equipped with multiple modules including one or more modules containing the engine and\or the generator. The system would be provided with an inlet to receive fuel for the engine and outlets to communicate with the closed loop circuit or compressor, and to communicate electricity (AC and/or DC) to the localized environment.
United States Patent Application Publication US 2015/0033778 A1 is directed to a power generation system and method, and may serve as background for the present disclosure. Moreover, many of the features and aspects described herein may be applicable to and\or incorporated with systems and methods described therein. Accordingly, the entire disclosure of US 2015/0033778 A1, including the claims, is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes and made a part of the present disclosure.
Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure are directed to modularizing energy conversion and management technologies, and\or integrating components, materials and conversion technologies, so as to afford greater mechanical and operational efficiency, emissions control and\or scope of application.
Certain embodiments relate to a system. The system may include multiple modules, including at least a first module coupled to a second module. The modules may be configured such that the modules may be selectively and removably coupled together into different module arrangements. An energy process handling component may be contained within each module. A first energy process handling component may be contained within the first module, and be operationally coupled to a second energy handling component contained within the second module.
Certain embodiments relate to a method of forming an energy process handling system, characterized by modularity and variable or flexible inter-operability. The method may include, initially, mutually engaging (e.g., coupling) multiple modules including at least a first energy process handling module and a second energy process handling module in a first modular and operational arrangement, wherein each module is operationally interconnected with other modules. The method further includes operating the system such that each module handles an energy process, whereby each such module receives and\or delivers energy from or to another of the modules or a localized or outside environment, and whereby the modules define an energy process direction(s) between an inlet and an outlet to a localized environment. The method may further include delivering energy to a localized environment. The method then entails reconfiguring the system of modules, adding one or more modules, or subtracting one or more modules, such that the system is defined by a second modular and operational arrangement, and operating the system, whereby the energy process direction is altered from the first modular and operational arrangement, including changes in direction and\or extension or reduction of process length.
Certain embodiments relate to a system installation that includes an energy process handling system installed at a facility, and including an outlet for delivering energy to the facility and a plurality of modularly and operationally engaged energy process handling units, including a power generating unit and\or heat transfer\exchange units and\or an energy storage units.
Certain embodiments relate to a module for use in module energy systems. The module may include a frame, one or more side panels coupled to the frame, and an internal cavity defined at least partially by the frame. An energy process handling component may be contained within the internal cavity. The module may be adapted to selectively and removably couple with adjacent modules in different module arrangements.
Certain embodiments relate to an energy process handling system that includes energy process handling modules. Each module may be modularly and operationally engaged with at least one other of said modules; such that each module may be inter-operationally engaged with each of said other modules. The system may include at least one system energy process delivery outlet to a localized environment, and at least one system energy inlet.
Certain embodiments relate to a method of operating a modular energy process handling system. The method may include modularly and operationally engaging at least three energy process handling modules in a first modular arrangement. Each said module may be detachably engaged with at least one other of said modules. Each module may support an energy process handling component. An interface panel of each module may be disposed in mutual correspondence with a corresponding interface panel of a modularly and operationally engaged adjacent module. The method may include operating the modular energy system such that said modules accommodate a transfer of energy between said modules. Energy may be directed between modularly and operationally engaged modules through mutually corresponding interface panels. The method may include detaching one of said modules from adjacent modules and re-positioning said modules in mutual modular engagement to form a second modular arrangement. In the second module arrangement, each module may support an energy process handling component and an interface panel thereof may be disposed in mutual correspondence with a corresponding interface panel of a modularly and operationally engaged adjacent module. The method may include operating the modular energy process handling system such that said modules accommodate a transfer of energy between said modules. Energy may be directed between modularly and operationally engaged modules through mutually corresponding interface panels.
Certain embodiments relate to a method of assembling a modular energy process handling system. The method may include modularly and operationally engaging at least three energy process handling modules in a first modular arrangement, where each said module is detachably engaged with at least one other modules, and whereby each module supports an energy process handling component and disposes an interface panel in mutual correspondence with a corresponding interface panel of a modularly and operationally engaged adjacent module. The modular energy system may be operable to accommodate a transfer of energy between modularly and operationally engaged modules through mutually corresponding interface panels. The method may include detaching one of said modules from modular and operational engagement with at least one adjacent modules, and re-positioning said modules in mutual modular and operational engagement to form a second modular arrangement. In the second modular engagement, each module supports an energy process handling component and disposes an interface panel in mutual correspondence with a corresponding interface panel of a modularly and operationally engaged adjacent module. The modular energy process handling system may be operable to accommodate a transfer of energy between modularly and operationally engaged modules through mutually corresponding interface panels.
Certain embodiments relate to a system installation. The system installation may include an energy process handling system including multiple modules, including at least a first energy process handling module modularly and operationally engaged with a second energy process handling module. The modules may be configured such that the modules may be removably coupled together into at least modular arrangements including a first arrangement of modules that accommodate an energy transfer process characterized by at least one process direction, and second arrangement of modules that accommodate the same energy transfer process characterized by at least one different energy transfer process direction. The system installation may include a facility defining a localized environment. The energy process handling system may include an energy process outlet in communication with the localized environment and delivering energy from said energy transfer process thereto.
Certain embodiments relate to an energy process handling module for use in energy process handling systems. The module may include a frame, multiple interface panels coupled to the frame, an internal cavity defined at least partially by the frame, and an energy process handling component supported within the internal cavity. A plurality of said interface panels include registers for mating with corresponding registering structure in a corresponding interface panel of a mutually modularly and operationally engageable module, and access portals for supporting energy communications architecture directed from said energy process handling component externally through said access port.
Certain embodiments relate to a method of energy process handling by operation of a multi-unit energy handling system. The method may include providing a modular multi-unit energy handling system including a power generation module, a system thermal module, an energy storage module, and a system control module. The modules may be in mutual modular and operational engagement. The method may include operating the power generating module, such that exhaust heat is produced. At the system thermal module, the method may include receiving the exhaust heat from the power generating module and processing said exhaust heat. The method may include, at the energy storage module, storing energy generated and received from the power generating module. The system control module may be operated to communicate with said modules
Certain embodiments relate to a method of assembling a modular energy process handling system. The method may include modularly and operationally engaging at least two energy process handling modules in a first modular arrangement. Each said module is detachably engaged with at least one other modules, and each module supports an energy process handling component and disposes an interface panel in mutual correspondence with a corresponding interface panel of a modularly and operationally engaged adjacent module. The modular energy system is operable to accommodate a transfer of energy between modularly and operationally engaged modules through mutually corresponding interface panels. The method may include positioning the modules in mutual modular and operational engagement to form a second modular arrangement. The positioning may include attaching an additional module in modular and operational engagement with at least one of the modules of the first module arrangement to form the second modular arrangement. In the second modular arrangement, each module supports an energy process handling component and disposes an interface panel in mutual correspondence with a corresponding interface panel of a modularly and operationally engaged adjacent module, and the modular energy process handling system is operable to accommodate a transfer of energy between modularly and operationally engaged modules through mutually corresponding interface panels.
So that the manner in which the features and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure may be understood in more detail, a more particular description of the briefly summarized embodiments above may be had by reference to the embodiments which are illustrated in the appended drawings that form a part of this specification. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only various exemplary embodiments, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure, as it may include other effective embodiments as well.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate various exemplary embodiments. The disclosed concepts may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited by the illustrated embodiments (e.g., system configurations or methods of energy handling or energy process handling) set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough as well as complete and will fully convey the scope to those skilled in the art and modes of practicing the embodiments.
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods including multiple energy process handling units or modules. Such systems described herein are particularly suited as power generation and distribution units or systems, and further, for localized utilization or consumption, including delivery and/or receipt of energy and/or power. Thus, to illustrate aspects of the system and method, certain embodiments or applications are described that include such systems or methods. Description of these embodiments or applications may be limited to a localized environment largely defined by a residence or commercial building or facility. For example, a “localized environment” may be defined as a discrete space with a quantifiable energy demand, and apply to a residence, building, mobile enclosure or other facility. It will become apparent to one skilled in the relevant engineering, architecture, or other technical art, that these aspects in part, or in their entirety, may be equally applicable to other settings and other applications. Further to this, the present disclosure is directed to multi-unit energy process handling systems and their assembly, as well as to the delivery of energy to localized environments and spaces. Although applications are not so limited, these systems and their assembly are particularly suited for such localized environments.
In further exemplary applications, a system and method according to the disclosure may provide or include a modular electric and internal combustion engine driven HVAC systems suitable for incorporation with an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), such as that commonly used for idle reduction in class 8 freight trucks. In another exemplary application, such a system and method may be suitable for use in or with a combined cooling, heating, and power system, such as that employed in stationary applications for residential housing or commercial office buildings. Such a system for localized use is often referred to as a Micro Combined Cooling, Heating and Power System or MCCHP system.
To satisfy the requirements of the energy demand loads (L), the residence (R) may draw power from the electrical grid (EG). As known in the art, power is supplied from a low voltage transformer to the AC load panel (MP) of the residence (R), which may include a main panel and distribution panel connecting to the various loads in the physical residence. The exemplary system further includes a power generator (PG) that is operable to meet some or all the demand load (L) of the residence (R), temporarily or permanently in lieu of the electrical grid (EG). In one aspect of the disclosure, the power generator (PG) is a hybrid power generator that includes an internal combustion engine (ICE) as a prime mover and a motor generator (MG), both of which may be engaged to output power (i.e., rotating mechanical energy) for use by the residence (R). In some installations, such a hybrid power generator (PG) is selectively operational in at least a first mechanical drive mode in which the fuel consuming prime mover (ICE) is engaged and a second mechanical drive mode in which the DC motor generator (MG) is engaged. Such selective drive capability may be embodied in a drive assembly (DA) that is engageable with each of the engine (ICE), motor generator unit (MG) and the load (L).
In this installation, a fuel supply (F) such as natural gas, diesel, or propane may be supplied to the system installation 100 for consumption by the power generator (PG). In a further aspect, the power generator (PG) may also be operable in a drive mode in which the internal combustion engine (ICE) also drives the motor generator to generate DC power. This DC output may be directed for storage by a battery bank (B) or to an inverter (I) for conversion to AC power. The AC power may, in turn, be directed to the main panel (MP) for use in the residence or in particular applications, to the electrical grid (EG) for distribution.
Thus, in one respect, the system installation 100 provides for a localized environment access to an energy source independent from the electrical grid. This energy source originates from fuel supplied to an internal combustion. Chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy that is then utilized in meeting a load requirement of the localized environment. Alternatively, the mechanical energy may be used to generate DC power to satisfy immediate load demands of the localized environment, or to store in the battery bank. In the latter case, the energy stored may be used later to drive the engine (and generate energy for meeting the demand load).
In further installations, heat energy generated by operation of the power generator (PG) (i.e., from chemical reactions or mechanical processes within the engine) may also be transferred to the residence (R) to satisfy, at least partly, the energy demands of another load (L). For example, heat exhausted by the engine may be used to heat or preheat water in the HVAC system, pool water, or a water heater, or heat air used for space heating.
Referring now to
In yet another aspect of the disclosure, the hybrid power generator employs two power sources each of which may be selectively engaged with the compressor 4. In this example, the power sources are an internal combustion engine 1 and a motor generator 3. The internal combustion engine 1 may be pad mounted and situated adjacent the outside of the house. The engine may be one of various designs that are commercially available. In certain embodiments, the engine 1 is a natural gas or propane engine. One suitable internal combustion engine is natural gas engine from Kubota (Kubuta DG972), which is rated at 25 (power output). The power generator may be equipped with a drive assembly including an engine clutch 2 and belt drive 6 that operationally engages the engine 1 with the compressor 4, when a compressor clutch 5 is engaged. The drive assembly, specifically engine clutch 2, can also engage engine 1 directly with the motor generator unit 3.
In this installation, the motor generator is a DC high capacity started/generator such as ECycle. The motor generator 3 is connected with a DC regulator 8 and thus, a DC power supply. As shown in
In a further exemplary system, an electrical control unit or ECU 15 is incorporated as the controller of the system and provides the logic (hardware and software) for activating the engine clutch 2 between the internal combustion engine 1 and the motor generator 3. With proper mutual engagement of the motor generator 3 and engine 1 via engine clutch 2, the ECU 15 initiates rotation of the motor generator 3 to start the internal combustion engine 1. The engine 1 will, according to the settings of its governor, which is also programmed within ECU 15, allow the engine 1 to throttle to a set rpm. At this operational setting, the engine 1 overcomes the motor generator 3. In this mode, the motor generator 3 generates and delivers DC power to the DC regulator 8 and optionally to the battery bank 11 for charging.
As dictated by the demands of the installation, the ECU 15 activates compressor clutch 5 to engage the AC Compressor 4. The hybrid power generator then drives the compressor 4, thereby transferring energy to the HVAC system of the residence. In normal operation, the engine 1 will drive the compressor 4 to compress the working fluid of the HVAC system as required by the appropriate closed loop refrigerant cycle. As determined by the ECU 15 (and as programmed by the user), the engine clutch 2 may simply be disengaged from the motor generator 3. Power provided from battery bank 11 may then be used to run motor generator 3 and thereby, drive the compressor 4. In certain applications, the choice of drive will be done automatically via the electronic control module (to optimize efficiency) or manually (by the operator to comply with noise and emissions regulatory issues). Factors or criteria determining which drive mode to employ include the availability of electrical power from the battery bank or the grid, fuel supply status for the engine for the engine, as well as the demand load presented by the residence. In any event, the ECU 15 may be programmed or configured to receive and/or process input representative of these factors, and determine the various drive modes of the power generator.
While motor generator 3 is engaged and operating as a DC generator, its voltage is regulated to 14, 48 or 56 volts and sent to a DC Bus 9, which in turn, provide powers for DC loads within the installation. Alternatively, it can provide DC power to inverter 12 and provide AC loads to the application or to the electric grid (for a fee or subsidy used by the local utility. A small battery bank 11 may store power and make power available to start the motor generator 3. Further, the battery bank 11 may be utilized to provide a supplemental power needed to accommodate for DC or AC load spikes.
In some applications, the load from the generator is provided as a DC load so as to allow other DC loads from renewable power sources to feed in to the DC bus and share a common Inverter. ECU 15 may be connected with inverter charger 12 to monitor AC current load demand so that it may start the generator 3 in the event that the load so requires. Furthermore, the inverter charger 12 may provide an additional source of DC power to the DC bus, which may then be used to charge the battery bank 11.
With reference now to
In the case of an APU application, the hybrid power generator may be implemented for the purpose of helping the system meet operational restrictions or noise or emissions. By simply engaging the electric motor to drive the ac compressor, using available battery power, the level of noise or emissions normally generated would be reduced (from that generated by internal combustion engine or other auxiliary power generator commonly employed by commercial long haul trucks.
Exemplary Component Descriptions
The descriptions below are provided to illustrate the types or specifications for various components suitable for incorporation into one or more embodiments of the system (operation of these exemplary systems). The component descriptions are provided for illustration only, and shall not be construed as limiting the disclosure and its concepts.
Internal combustion engine: Prime mover for the generator and/or the HVAC compressor, may be a KUBOTA Engine or similar.
Motor/generator: provide power to start Internal combustion engine and/or the compressor or other equipment. This unit may also act as a generator when overcome by the engine, may be an ECycle brushless motor.
Inverter/charger: This unit converts DC power to AC and may incorporates power islanding features, charging capabilities, power monitoring capabilities and automatic transfer switch. Suitable models include the XANTREX or Schneider model 60048 On Grid and Off Grid Inverter.
Battery bank: May be AGM, Deep Cell or another battery capable of producing as much as 100 ah or more at 48 volts or 200 ah or more at 24 volts or 400 amp hours or more at 12 volts. Most battery types available in the market are suitable, including those suitable for golf cart or marine applications.
DC Regulator: capable of regulating the output voltage of the DC motor to 48, 24 or 12 volts, may be manufactured by America Power Systems Inc.
Engine clutch: magnetic clutch similar to those used in vehicular HVAC compressor systems.
Compressor clutch: magnetic clutch similar to those used in vehicular HVAC compressor systems.
ECU: capable of multiple analog and digital Inputs and Outputs similar to those found on DC generators such as the Deep Sea 4700 series controller.
Exemplary Power Generator Operations
The flow chart of
A method may entail providing such a localized environment having a demand load such as an air conditioning unit. The air conditioning unit includes an AC compressors, as described above. An internal combustion engine is situated in or about the localized environment (52) and may be selectively and/or detachably engageable with the AC compressor to drive the compressor, thereby transferring mechanical energy to the compressor (54). This also transfers energy to the refrigeration cycle operable by or through the air conditioning system, and more specifically, the working fluid of the cycle. In this exemplary method, a DC motor generator is operated to initiate or start the engine. The engine is further driven to a predetermined setting (i.e., set RPM), at which point the motor generator begins to generate DC power (e.g., the motor is overcome by the engine (56)). In further embodiments, the DC power generated may be communicated forward and utilized within the localized environment (e.g., provide a DC power supply to household equipment). In further applications, the DC power may be used to charge a battery bank and alternatively, the battery pack may supply DC power to the motor generator for driving the AC compressor or for initiating start-up of the internal combustion engine. In a further exemplary step, the internal combustion engine may be disengaged from the AC compressor and the motor generator engaged to drive the AC compressor, instead 58. In this mode, the motor generator is driven by DC power supplied by the battery bank.
In one respect, the present disclosure teaches generating power for a localized environment, or more specifically, converting and transferring energy for ultimate consumption by or in the localized environment. In this way, energy is transferred to meet a load (energy) demand of the localized environment. In certain of the embodiments discussed above, chemical energy in the fuel supply is converted to mechanical or rotational energy (in the internal combustion engine). In specific examples, mechanical energy in the engine is used to rotationally drive the compressor, which in turn compresses the working fluid, thereby transferring the mechanical energy to the working fluid and for use in the refrigeration cycle.
Referring to
Energy demand at localized environments may peak during at least one time period of a typical day. Certain embodiments of the system may, for example, provide space heating and water heating, while generating electricity for local use. The system may further address and trim such energy demand peaks by meeting air conditioning demands while eliminating or reducing compressor electric motor start peaks. Additional electric peaks may also be managed or accommodated by the battery bank.
Finally,
Certain components, methods, and sub-processes described above may be incorporated with or modified to accommodate systems, apparatus, and methods which will now be described in respect to
In the described and depicted assemblies, the energy process handling units are assembled such that each unit is operationally engaged by another energy process handling unit of the system. This may mean the component engages in furthering a macro or micro process with the other unit, including receiving or transferring energy (as discussed further below). In another aspect, such an energy process handling unit according to the present disclosure is configured for modular incorporation into the energy process handling system and alternatively, for modular incorporation in a plurality of dispositions relative to and in operational engagement with one or more other components of the energy process handling system, as described below.
Accordingly, an exemplary system according to the present disclosure includes an assembly of inter-connected and\or inter-operable components, units or modules each of which is dedicated to a specific fundamental energy management or handling task, and one or more dedicated to advancing a system energy transfer process. Combined in various suitable configurations, the system provides a wide array of energy management solutions, sometimes further referred to herein as modular energy systems (MES). For purposes of description, a system is said to be a modular energy system if composed of energy process handling units each of which is modularly engaged with at least one other energy process handling unit. To this end,
Further, in an embodiment, such modules are constructed of the same materials and, optionally, made to conform to a standard geometry in which dimensions are integer multiples. In this way, multiple beneficial effects are achieved. Inventory control, waste reduction and manufacturing effort may be optimized through sharing of components and fabrication process such as braces, panels, fasteners, tubing and wiring. Standardization in materials and dimensions helps to reduce cost and waste production by reducing wasted space, machining effort, and general complexity. Larger quantities of raw stock may be purchased in bulk, and shipping and packaging efforts are minimized. Standardization and modular construction according to the present disclosure also facilitates storage, transport, installation and servicing due to reliance on a common footprint. The common footprint reduces wasted space and allows direct replacement for servicing or upgrade without disturbing the overall system architecture. A uniform footprint (or face print) also translates to multiple configurations in which modules may be joined side-by-side or stacked vertically. Various permutations and redundant integration then allow for systems or assemblies to easily conform to application specific topologies and energy requirements. In one aspect of the present disclosure, a system may be configured in an initial configuration wherein the units are mutually modularly and operationally engaged, operated to advance an energy transfer process resulting in the delivery of energy to a localized environment, and then, such system units or modules are re-configured in a second configuration, wherein the units are mutually modularly and operationally engaged. The re-configured system is then operated to advance a system energy transfer process resulting in the delivery of energy to the localized environment. In the second configuration, one or more modules may modularly engage different modules or directly modularly engage the same module at a different orientation (i.e., different face(s)).
Although it is apparent that the modules may assume any number of energy process handling tasks including generation, conversion, and storage or control (energy management task), an embodiment may include the following fundamental module configurations: Power Generation Module (PGM) containing the primary source of energy production or conversion; System Thermal Module (STM) disposed to process exhaust heat from the PGM; Energy Storage Module (ESM) containing a medium for energy storage; Energy Transfer Module (ETM) containing hardware and control systems for coupling and\or converting energy formats for exchange between modules or MESs; and System Control Module (SCM) containing the central control unit for managing the MES.
The PGM contains the primary or master form of energy generation for the MES. This may be either directly obtained from a renewable source such as solar, wind, thermal or hydropower, or it may derive it's power secondarily via conversion from an external supply such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuels or hydrogen. Due to its efficient processing, availability and feasibility, an embodiment employs a natural gas engine to convert gas supplied via a communal pipeline to provide electricity, work and heat. Electricity supplied by the engine generator is either ported directly from the PGM for external use or passed to another module such as the ETM or ESM for transfer or storage. Work is provided in the form of an engine powered compressor, which may be used to compress fluids for heat pump operations. Finally, exhaust heat from the engine is passed to the STM for further processing.
The STM manages the thermal aspects of the MES energy profile and may take many forms depending upon the application. Typical tasks include heating and cooling target mediums such as the air in nearby rooms or storage containers to control ambient temperatures and humidity levels, heat and cool water for washing and drinking, general refrigeration as well as even condense and/or vaporize water to produce drinking water from ambient vapor and liquid waste. Energy to perform such thermal processes may be provided from any other module or MES capable of supplying the energy. Due to its ready availability and practicality, an embodiment employs waste heat from the PGM engine as well as including a backup or secondary electrically powered compressor for heat pump operations. The former affords additional energy for powering the above mentioned thermal tasks while also lowering the exhaust gas temperature and increasing the overall MES efficiency. The latter provides a backup drive for the heat pump system, which may be powered from another source of electricity such as the ESM or another MES in the event the PGM is inoperable due to servicing, malfunction or an interruption in fuel source.
Once generated, energy from other sources such as the PGM, ETM or another MES may be stored within the ESM for later use. Here, the storage medium may also take many forms such as electrochemical including rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, superconducting magnetics, thermal, power to gas or kinetic mediums such as flywheels. Due to their ready availability, reliability, and ease of use, some embodiments employ an array of rechargeable lead-acid batteries.
Aside from generating and storing energy, an MES may also transfer energy within itself from module to module or between one MES and another MES via an ETM. It is noted that while energy transfer and/or conversion may naturally form an innate part of the various processes of many module types such as the energy conversion of the PGM, this is typically secondary to a primary task. However, by definition, this is the ETM's sole primary task. That is, it is designed to convert energy, if necessary, to a compatible format for exchanging energy between modules or MESs at a user defined rate for generic or unspecified use. Typical examples include the use of a thermoacoustic generator, which accepts engine exhaust heat from the PGM and converts the heat to electrical energy for transmission to the ESM or another MES via an electrical conduit. Due to its ready availability and reliability, the ETM of some embodiments employs a bidirectional electrical inverter designed to transfer power between the MES electrical DC voltage bus and an AC powered communal grid system.
In certain embodiments, the SCM is largely a digital control and data acquisition subsystem. Such an SCM communicates with individual modules and/or other MESs and monitor module status in assessing performance and alarm conditions, regulating process control, logging data for future analysis, performing diagnostics and other associated housekeeping tasks. Though data acquisition and communication may take many forms depending on the application, due to its simplicity and robust nature subject to industrial settings, an embodiment employs one or more sub-controllers within each module dedicated to monitoring and/or controlling the module's performance which communicate with each other and a master controller within the SCM via a conventional SCADA network. Finally, though not essential, the SCM may also be equipped with either one or more wired and/or wireless communication interfaces such as USB, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to allow MES communication with third party systems and software. In certain embodiments, the SCM is not an energy process handling component.
Having summarized at least one basic module construction and operation of an MES, examples of various sample MES configurations may be presented in order to better appreciate the benefits of a modular configuration. Aside from sharing materials and geometries to improve physical efficiencies, modularity also affords enhanced flexibility and adaptability to improve functional efficiencies. As previously noted the modules may be joined side-by-side or stacked vertically to conform to a wide range of energy profiles and application topologies while providing minimal footprint and material expense. Examples include, but are not limited to:
It is noted that aside from the mechanical and functional flexibility provided by a modular design, such a system can also provide much higher overall energy efficiencies compared to conventional systems. By incorporating both a PGM and STM, it is possible to synergistically harness greater amounts of useful energy, lower exhaust gas temperatures and thus improve overall efficiencies as compared to that possible with single conversion systems.
Referring to
Although many types of frame architecture could be used, certain embodiments employ formed aluminum due to its strength and minimal material use. As previously mentioned in the summary, module dimensions are designed such that they are integer multiples of a base value in order to maximize material use and integration while minimizing storage space and manufacturing effort. Though any base value could be selected, some embodiments may use 17.5″ with a standard module size being a cube of 35″×35″×35″. This equates to a full face of 35″×35″, wherein both a first full face dimension and a second full face dimension are 35″ (linear segment in this case, i.e., length or width). It should be noted, however, that different base values and different full face dimensions are contemplated by the present disclosure (i.e., multiple integers, I, for modularity other than 17:5:17,5 (I=1), 17.5:35 (I=2), and 17.5:42 (I=3) as shown in
Thus, in a three-component assembly, two bottom units or modules 1100a and 1100b are side-by-side, each have a matching first full face dimension and a matching second full face dimension (I=1). An adjacent third unit or module 1100c is disposed above one of the bottom modules 1100b has a ½ face dimension (I=2 between the two units) on the front face physically engaging the bottom unit 1100b on the front face (in the width direction) and a matching full face dimensions in the length or depth direction (I=1). In this assembly, a fourth energy process handling unit, module 1100d, may be provided to the side of the top unit, module 1100c (with the ½ face dimension) and above the two bottom units, modules 1100a and 1100b. In this example, as shown in
Due to its geometrical uniformity, a cubic structure offers variability in module integration. In terms of MES construction, the cubic structure allows individual modules to be rotated and aligned side-by side or linearly or stacked vertically, and serially, and contiguously. The cubic construction also produces a maximum number of possible permutations for arrangement of the modules 1100 and a least amount of non-viable space. To further assist in MES assembly, modules 1100 are equipped with registration structure in interface panels mateable with corresponding registration structure on corresponding interface panels for modular and operational engagement. Registration structure may include registration pins 1150 on one module designed to mate with matching recesses 1140 in neighboring, adjacent modules. The registration pins 1150 assist in alignment during assembly as well as standardized placement of access portals 1140 or partially stamped recesses 1140 or knock outs 1140 in the panel walls 1120 and/or frame 1110. These allow for ready-made application-specific communication architecture (channels) for passing of pipe, conduit, cable and other process handling hardware. Aside from facilitating inter module assembly, the modular approach also facilitates individual fabrication and construction by sharing many of the same elements, components, materials and fabrication processes. Each module 1100 may have an internal space or cavity 1113, which may be at least partially defined by frame 1110, panels 1120, or combinations thereof. Energy handling components, as described herein, may be contained within internal space or cavity 1113. One or more of access portals 1140, partially stamped recesses 1140, and knock outs 1140 may provide access from outside of internal space or cavity 1113 to inside of internal space or cavity 1113. For example, access portals 1140, partially stamped recesses 1140, and/or knock outs 1140 may allow for fluid, electronic, and/or data communication between energy process handling components contained within adjacent modules 1100, and/or mechanical communication between energy process handling components contained within adjacent modules 1100, and/or mechanical communication contained within contained within adjacent modules 1100.
In at least some embodiments, the base or loading platform 1160 does not fully comply with standardization and, in one respect, is not a functional module in the inter-operative sense (i.e., is not operationally engaged with the modules). The raised platform 1160 may be specifically configured to allow for convection, which helps to prevent module ground rot and corrosion. The platform 1160 may also be equipped with portals 1170 to allow ventilation and/or access by forklifts to facilitate positioning. Modules 1100 may be arranged, modularly assembled, and operationally coupled to form modular assembly or system 1180 (MES platform).
The modules 1100 may also be equipped with energy management hardware to realize the basic energy building blocks. Suitable hardware include, but are not limited to, PGMs, STMs and SCMs, which may be readily integrated in a number of configurations. In this way, a wide array of MES 1180 platforms may be formed from modules 1100 to accommodate various energy solutions from simple lower power, small footprint systems to complex, multifunctional high power applications, each employing the same basic building blocks, modules 1100. To illustrate,
Aside from mechanical integration, the MES achieves multi-module functional or operational integration (operative engagement) aided by inter-module energy process handling and control, communication, and/or coupling architecture (e.g., channels), as well as sufficient and strategic space allocation and unit placement within the module cavities (e.g., provide sufficient space to reroute communication architecture or adjust component positions). This architecture, or specifically, channels or conduits are preferably provided largely by various modular access passages or portals 1140 and flexible conduits or hoses directed thereto. See, for example, the block diagram of
In some embodiments, each energy process handling component of the MES disclosed herein may be a component adapted to receive energy in one form (e.g., electrical, chemical, mechanical, thermal) that is output from an external source, such as an electrical grid, a natural gas line, or another energy process handling component. Such a component is said to be equipped with a system inlet. Each energy process handling component of the MES disclosed herein may be a component adapted to process the received energy, and output the processed energy in a different form, in a different medium, or combinations thereof. For example, with reference to
It is noted that while many conventional systems contain the components connected in a manner similar to that as shown in
Referring to the simplified diagram of
This also illustrates that it is possible to use and dispose different STM 1240 types, for example, placing a heat exchanger 1240 for ambient temperature control to the left side of the PGM 1200 while placing a water distillation unit 1240 on top of the PGM 1200.
Aside from that presented thus far, many other types of energy solutions can be constructed by introducing new basic modules designed in accordance with the MES schema of the present disclosure. Methods of assemblies are possible to accommodate other functions or new and emerging technologies and energy sources. Such systems characterized by modular construction and flexible or variable inter-operability allows for ready construct and reconfiguration based on new architectures or for supplementing or upgrading existing systems by simple module replacement, re-positioning, and\or annexation. Typical examples include a natural gas based electrical generation system 1200 with furnace 1240, bidirectional inverter 1230 for sourcing and sinking a communal electrical grid system, and battery backup supply 1210 as shown in
Aside from general energy production and processing, MES modules can also be made to incorporate a number of materials handling services. As shown in
Thus, by utilizing a set of the modules along with a standardized design schema affording flexible and efficient integration, energy handling and energy process handling systems can be readily configured and assembled to produce a wide array of energy solutions. These range from simple battery backup for grid powered electrical systems to fully self-contained renewable and nonrenewable fuel powered electricity and HVAC systems with efficient biomass processing. The systems are not only highly adaptable to varying energy profiles and installation topologies, but are also highly efficient in almost every sense by reducing material and fabrication wastes, increasing overall energy efficiencies compared to conventional systems by reducing or eliminating distribution losses and improve yield by utilizing multiple conversion strategies which can include the processing of bio-waste.
Configuration and Reconfiguration
The modular configuration of MES 1180 from modules 1100 allows for MES 1180 to be initially configured into any one of a varied array of topologies by arranging and modularly coupling modules 1100, and by correspondingly operationally coupling the energy handling equipment contained within modules 1100. As such, MES 1180 may be modularly constructed into a variety of different geometric configurations. For example, with further reference to
In further embodiments, panels 1120 are modular and operational interfaces equipped with access portals 1140 of suitable number, size, and/or positioning on panels 1120, such that panels 1120 are suitable for use with a variety of different energy process handling components. For example, a particular panel 1120 may be suitable for use with a particular energy process handling component if the access portals 1140 of that panel 1120 are positioned on the panel 1120 at suitable locations, and are of sufficient number and size, to allow for electronic, fluid, mechanical, and/or data communication from that energy handling component to energy process handling devices in adjacent modules. In some embodiments, panels 1120 on module 1100 may be rearranged thereon or replaced with other panels 1120, such that module 1100 may be configured with panels 1120 suitable for use with the particular energy process handling component contained in module 1100. For example, some panels 1120 may be configured for allowing operative communication between an ICE and a heat exchanger, such as via the number, size, and/or position of access portals 1140 thereon.
In certain embodiments, each energy process handling unit has at least one input, at least one output, or combinations thereof. For example, with further reference to
The inputs and outputs discussed herein may have process directionality. For example, as shown in
Rearrangement of modules and/or reorientation of energy process handling components contained therein allows modification of MESs 1180 disclosed herein. In some embodiments, modules may be arranged into geometrically distinct yet functionally equivalent MESs 1180 (e.g., in terms of advancing the same energy process flow). For example, MES 1180c, as shown in
Furthermore, the MESs 1180 disclosed herein may be modified to add modules thereto and/or subtract modules therefrom. For example, with reference to
Using the configuration and reconfiguration methods described herein, the modular configuration of MES 1180, from modules 1100, allows for MES 1180 to be initially configured into any of a varied array of topologies by arranging and modularly coupling modules 1100, and by correspondingly operationally coupling the energy process handling equipment contained within modules 1100. From said initial configuration, MES 1180 may be subsequently rearranged, reoriented, added to, and/or subtracted from, as discussed herein, to have a subsequent configuration (e.g., modular arrangement).
As such, through use of the configuration and reconfiguration methods described herein, MES 1180 assemblies are possible to accommodate other or new functionalities, applications, technologies, and/or energy sources. Such configuration and reconfiguration methods allow for construction of new architectures, supplementing of existing modular MES 1180 architectures, upgrading of existing modular MES 1180 architectures, and/or downgrading of existing modular MES 1180 architectures by module replacement, rearrangement, reorientation, and/or annexation. Such modular constructability may be, at least in part, accommodated by the use of interfaces (panels 11200 with registration structure (registration pins 1150), or other registration pins provided by interfacing structures strategically placed and sized for mating with corresponding registration architecture on corresponding, on modules 1100, as shown in
Embodiments of the MES 1180 disclosed herein may include one or more of the following architectures that accommodate configurable and reconfigurable modularity thereof:
As such, embodiments of MES 1180 are characterized by interchangeability multi-positionability, such that one or more energy process handling units may be disassembled from MES 1180 and assembled/re-assembled in different relative positions, while maintaining relative direct operability. As discussed previously, such units or systems composed of such units are described as having modularity with flexible or variable inert-operability.
Installations and/or Applications of MES
With reference to
In some embodiments, one or more of the systems and/or components thereof, as shown and described with respect to
System 9000 may be a modularized embodiment of system installation 100 for generating and distributing power in a localized environment, as shown in
In some embodiments, MES 1180 is or forms at least a portion of an HVAC system for facility 9100. For example, system 9000 may be a modularized embodiment of system installation 200, as shown in
System 9000 may be a modularized embodiment of the system installation shown in
System 9000 may be a modularized embodiment of one of the system installations shown in
System 9000 may be a modularized embodiment of one of the system installations shown in
System 9000 may be a modularized embodiment of one of the system shown in
In certain embodiments in which one or more of energy process handling components produces heat, such as in the form of an exhaust fluid (liquid or gas), MES 1180 may include an STM. For example, some embodiments of MES 1180 include an ICE as an energy process handling component, which forms exhaust heat. In some such embodiments, an STM is contained in one module 1100 of the MES 1180, and an ICE is contained in another, adjacent module 1100 of MES 1180. The respective modules 1100 of the STM and ICE may be modularly coupled together in the manner described elsewhere herein. Further, the STM and ICE may be operationally coupled together; such as through access portals 1140 (e.g., via flexibly conduits). In such embodiments, exhaust heat from ICE may be communicated from the ICE to the STM for further processing. STM may be a system or apparatus adapted to process exhaust heat. For example, STM may use heat of said exhaust to heat liquids (e.g., water) or gases (e.g., ambient air). For example and without limitation, STM may include: a fan and cooling coils that use forced convection to remove water vapor from the surrounding air; or a boiler for vaporizing waste water and a condenser for collecting the produced water vapor. In some such embodiments, an MES 1180 including an STM may be used to provide heat to reclaim water from contaminated sources by producing distilled water and solid waste (e.g., a distillation system or unit). In other embodiments, an MES 1180 including an STM may be used provide heat to liberate gases (e.g., CO, CO2 and/or H2) from a feedstock, such as a hydrocarbon feedstock (e.g., biomass). In some such embodiments, STM may be used to provide heat pump service. In certain embodiments, STM includes a heat exchanger, such as a heat exchanger for ambient temperature control.
Embodiments that incorporate both a PGM and STM may synergistically harness greater amounts of useful energy, lower exhaust gas temperatures, and improve overall efficiencies as compared to that possible with single conversion systems (e.g., a PGM without an STM). Thus, embodiments having multiple energy conversion systems (e.g., PGM and STM) may provide energy in at least two different forms (e.g., electrical and thermal energy) to provide, for example, electricity to a residence or commercial facility while also providing heat to form hot water or heated air. In certain embodiments, an MES 1180 having multiple energy conversion systems may simultaneously provide energy in at least two different forms. Thus, energy may flow through MES 1180 along more than one path, and may exit MES 1180 via more than one output (e.g., via heat through coils of a heat exchanger and via electricity through switch 1390).
As described herein, MES 1180 may include multiple modular units that are inter-operationally and modularly engaged. MES 1180 may be a stand-alone system configured for localized (e.g., building) consumption and service. In some such embodiments, MES 1180 may have a power supply\outlet for receiving, for example, electricity or natural gas.
In some embodiments, MES 1180 includes one or more energy process handling modules that are modularly and operatively engaged, and adapted to process energy (system energy process) in a Rankine cycle. For example,
Working fluid 1700b may be transferred from module 1100a to energy process handling module 1100b. Modules 1100a and 1100b may be modularly coupled, operatively coupled, or combinations thereof. Module 1100b may be a power generation module, including a power generation unit 1200. For example and without limitation, module 1100b may include a turbine generator. Working fluid 1700b may enter module 1100b and expand therein, operatively driving the turbine generator, such that turbine generator generates energy as electricity. The electricity formed by the turbine generator may be a system energy process delivery outlet for delivery to a localized environment 1600. For example, the electricity formed by the turbine generator may provide electrical power to a residence or commercial building.
Module 1700b may be modularly coupled to energy process handling module 1100b, operatively coupled to energy process handling module 1100b, or combination thereof. Working fluid 1700c may exit module 1100b as a vapor (e.g., steam), liquid (e.g., water), or combinations thereof. Module 1100c may be a system thermal module 1240b. In some embodiments, module 1100c includes a condenser include. Within the condenser of module 1100c, thermal energy may be transferred from working fluid 1700c to an external medium, such as another working fluid or a heat sink. The external medium may exit the condenser of module 1100c as a second system energy process delivery outlet for delivery to the localized environment 1600. For example, the external medium may be heated water for use at a residence or commercial building.
Module 1700c may be modularly coupled to energy process handling module 1100d, operatively coupled to energy process handling module 1100d, or combination thereof. Working fluid 1700d may exit module 1100c as a condensate (e.g., water). Module 1100d may include a fluid pump 1241. In some embodiments, energy (e.g., work) is input into the pump 1241 of module 1100d (e.g., as electrical power) to operate the pump 1241, via system energy inlet 1600b. The working fluid may exit the pump 1241 of module 1100d as working fluid 1700a, which may by pumped to module 1100a, beginning the Rankine cycle again.
While MES 1180z is shown and described as including each of boiler, turbine generator, condenser, and pump as being contained within modules 1100, MES 1180 is not limited to this particular arrangement. One or more of boiler, turbine generator, condenser, or pump may be external of MES 1180z and not contained within a module 1100, as described herein. For example, in one embodiment, the boiler is external to MES 1180z and not contained within a module, thus eliminating module 1100a from the MES 1180z shown in
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description of certain embodiments. This description is not intended to limit associated concepts to the various systems, apparatus, structures, and methods specifically described herein. For example, system and methods described in the context of a residence, may be applicable, in part or in entirety, to other permanent or stationary installations, such as commercial office building, factory, warehouse or other workplace, or such non-permanent but defined localized environments, as long-haul trucks or similar powered mobile vehicles. Although
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/314,842, filed on Mar. 29, 2016, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes and made a part of the present disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62314842 | Mar 2016 | US |
