The present disclosure generally relates to an internal combustion engine and a method of operating the same. More particularly, a two-stroke internal combustion engine having an exhaust valve that controls the exhaust cycle relative to crankshaft timing via a process embodied in at least one engine control strategy for the same.
A traditional two-stroke internal combustion engine is advantageous in that it generally maintains an improved power density, i.e., the power output of the engine compared to the weight and size of the engine system itself, to other traditional architectures such as four-stroke internal combustion engines. However, traditional two-stroke engines generally use more fuel than other engine architectures and habitually have reduced emissions ratings due to the potential for release of unburned fuel, oil, and hydrocarbons into the atmosphere.
Two-stroke internal combustion engines generally have a fixed placement intake port and a fixed placement exhaust port formed in the sidewalls of a cylinder sleeve. The intake port feeds an air and fuel mixture to the cylinder for combustion. The exhaust port opens to an exhaust passage system wherein the engine exhaust gases are released. Among its several functions, the reciprocation of the piston within the cylinder sleeve and across each port cyclically seals and opens each of the intake port and the exhaust port to maintain pressure balance in and facilitate the proper movement of gases through the engine. More particularly, during the compression stroke of the piston, air is pumped into the engine cylinder utilizing the underside of the piston, and as such, the amount of air pumped into the engine is inherently limited by the predefined physical geometry of the engine. During the exhaust stroke, air inside the crankcase is compressed and channeled through a transfer port and forced into the combustion chamber. Following combustion, exhaust gas is channeled out of the engine via the exhaust port.
Since the intake port and exhaust port remain in fixed locations within the cylinder, the exhaust port and intake port are opened and closed by the piston at a fixed time and location with respect to the respective engine cycle. In many traditional two-stroke engines, the intake port and exhaust port are positioned opposite one another within the cylinder sleeve, and as such there exists a potential direct path between the intake port and the exhaust port, when both ports are open, because the opening of such ports is directly controlled by the piston and its location within the cylinder sleeve.
Due to the nature of a piston ported two-stroke internal combustion engine, the exhaust port will traditionally open first and therefore close last in the cycle. After ignition occurs and high-pressure combusted gas forces the piston downward during the power stroke, the exhaust port must open before the intake port is closed to avoid high-pressure exhaust gas flowing backward through the intake port into the intake system. When the exhaust port opens before the intake port is fully closed, there is potential for the incoming intake fuel and fresh air to flow directly out of the exhaust port, without going through the combustion process. Expulsion of the incoming intake fuel and fresh air directly out of the exhaust port is not only lost work, e.g., air pumped into the engine and out of the engine without any gained benefit, but also results in a reduced emissions rating, i.e., increased hydrocarbon emissions being disposed into the atmosphere by the subject engine.
For at least these reasons, there is a need for a two-stroke internal combustion engine having high power density, thermal efficiency, and durability that utilizes less fuel and while reducing unwanted hydrocarbon emission outputs in the relevant industry.
The present disclosure is directed to an internal combustion engine system and a method of operating the same. More particularly, a two-stroke internal combustion engine having an exhaust valve that controls the exhaust cycle relative to crankshaft timing via a process embodied in at least one engine control strategy for the same.
As such, the internal combustion engine system of the present disclosure mirrors that of the traditional two-stroke internal combustion engine architecture in that it includes a fixed placement intake port and a fixed placement exhaust port defined by the cylinder sidewall, such that the intake port feeds an air and fuel mixture to the cylinder bore for combustion, and the exhaust port opens to an exhaust gas pipe wherein the engine exhaust gases are released. The intake port and exhaust port are positioned opposite one another on the cylinder sidewall, with the exhaust port being positioned longitudinally upward of the intake port along a cylinder bore axis.
Among its several functions, the reciprocation of the piston in the cylinder bore across each port cyclically seals and opens each of the intake port and the exhaust port. Since the intake port and exhaust port remain in fixed locations within the cylinder sidewall, the exhaust port and intake ports are opened and closed by the piston at a fixed time and location with respect to the respective engine cycle.
However, the present disclosure further includes an exhaust valve assembly positioned between the exhaust port and the exhaust gas pipe. This exhaust valve assembly allows for control of outgoing exhaust gas and phased timing of the engine cycle for opening and closing the exhaust port and intake port respectively. The timing of the opening and closing of the intake port and exhaust ports directly affects the horsepower, fuel efficiency, thermal efficiency, and emissions toxicity of the engine system.
In one example embodiment, the exhaust valve assembly comprises a rotary exhaust valve and valve phasing assembly. The rotary exhaust valve comprises a valve body defining a valve void therethrough. The rotary exhaust valve body is disposed on a valve axis and rotates about the valve axis in a predetermined direction.
The presence of the rotary exhaust valve allows for alterations to the fixed time and piston location at which the exhaust port is opened and closed (opened and sealed by the piston) with respect to the respective engine cycle. Notably, while still uncovered by the piston, the exhaust port may be closed due to full misalignment of the valve void and the exhaust port. As such, when the valve void is fully misaligned with the exhaust port, exhaust gas is not able to flow out of the exhaust port, eliminating the potential for incoming intake fuel and fresh air to flow directly out of the exhaust port, without going through the combustion process. In this way, the engine system of the present disclosure operates via a six-stage process embodied in at least one engine control strategy.
In one control scheme, namely the power cycle control scheme wherein the objective of the phased timing of the engine cycle is designed to achieve increased power output or power density of the engine, when the intake port remains open, additional incoming air is still allowed to enter the cylinder bore via the intake port, after the exhaust port is closed due to the misalignment between the valve void and with the exhaust port. As such, the additional density of air supplied to the engine, while the exhaust port is closed via misalignment between the valve void and the exhaust port, allows the pressure within the cylinder bore to be increased above atmospheric pressure, effectively supercharging the engine.
In another control scheme, namely the over-expansion cycle control scheme, wherein the objective of the phased timing of the engine cycle is designed to achieve increased thermal efficiency of the engine, the exhaust valve is phased to force an asymmetry in exhaust timing, i.e., the exhaust port is fully opened (valve void fully aligned with the exhaust port) as late as possible in the cycle. In this way, the exhaust port and intake port remain open at the same time for a duration of a lengthened expansion stroke of the piston. Said another way, the compression stroke of the piston is much shorter than the power or expansion stroke of the piston when the engine system is operating in the over-expansion cycle control scheme, and as such cool air from the intake port may mix with warm post combustion air, not yet expelled from the exhaust port, creating greater thermal efficiency in the engine system, i.e., reducing the work required for combustion.
The embodiments set forth in the drawings are illustrative and exemplary in nature and not intended to limit the subject matter. The following detailed description of the illustrative embodiments can be understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, where like structure is indicated with like reference numerals and in which:
While the present disclosure may be described with respect to specific applications or industries, those skilled in the art will recognize the broader applicability of the disclosure.
The terms “a”, “an”, “the”, “at least one”, and “one or more” are used interchangeably to indicate that at least one of the items is present. A plurality of such items may be present unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. All numerical values of parameters (e.g., of quantities or conditions) in this specification, unless otherwise indicated expressly or clearly in view of the context, including the appended claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about” whether or not “about” actually appears before the numerical value. “About” indicates that the stated numerical value allows some slight imprecision (with some approach to exactness in the value; approximately or reasonably close to the value; nearly). If the imprecision provided by “about” is not otherwise understood in the art with this ordinary meaning, then “about” as used herein indicates at least variations that may arise from ordinary methods of measuring and using such parameters. In addition, a disclosure of a range is to be understood as specifically disclosing all values and further divided ranges within the range.
The terms “comprising”, “including”, and “having” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, or components. Orders of steps, processes, and operations may be altered when possible, and additional or alternative steps may be employed. As used in this specification, the term “or” includes any one and all combinations of the associated listed items. The term “any of” is understood to include any possible combination of referenced items, including “any one of” the referenced items. The term “any of” is understood to include any possible combination of referenced claims of the appended claims, including “any one of” the referenced claims.
Features shown in one figure may be combined with, substituted for, or modified by, features shown in any of the figures. Unless stated otherwise, no features, elements, or limitations are mutually exclusive of any other features, elements, or limitations. Furthermore, no features, elements, or limitations are absolutely required for operation. Any specific configurations shown in the figures are illustrative only and the specific configurations shown are not limiting of the claims or the description.
For consistency and convenience, directional adjectives are employed throughout this detailed description corresponding to the illustrated embodiments. Those having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that terms such as “above”, “below”, “upward”, “downward”, “top”, “bottom”, etc., may be used descriptively relative to the figures, without representing limitations on the scope of the invention, as defined by the claims. Any numerical designations, such as “first” or “second” are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure in any way.
The term “longitudinal”, as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims, refers to a direction extending a length of a component. In some cases, a component may be identified with a longitudinal axis as well as a forward and rearward longitudinal direction along that axis. The longitudinal direction or axis may also be referred to as an anterior-posterior direction or axis.
The term “transverse”, as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims, refers to a direction extending a width of a component. The transverse direction or axis may also be referred to as a lateral direction or axis or a mediolateral direction or axis.
The term “vertical”, as used throughout this detailed description and in the claims, refers to a direction generally perpendicular to both the lateral and longitudinal directions. The term “upward” or “upwards” refers to the vertical direction pointing towards a top of the component. The term “downward” or “downwards” refers to the vertical direction pointing opposite the upwards direction, toward the bottom of a component. In addition, the term “proximal” refers to a direction that is nearer and the term “distal” refers to a relative position that is further away. Thus, the terms proximal and distal may be understood to provide generally opposing terms to describe relative spatial positions.
In a general sense, the present disclosure provides an internal combustion engine system 10 that mirrors that of the traditional two-stroke internal combustion engine architecture in that it includes a fixed placement intake port 14 and a fixed placement exhaust port 16 defined by the cylinder sidewall 12, such that the intake port 14 feeds an air and fuel mixture to the cylinder bore 18 for combustion, and the exhaust port 16 opens to an exhaust gas pipe 20 wherein the engine exhaust gases are released. Among its several functions, the reciprocation of the piston 22 in the cylinder bore 18 across each port cyclically seals and opens each of the intake port 14 and the exhaust port 16. Since the intake port 14 and exhaust port 16 remain in fixed locations within the cylinder sidewall 12, the exhaust port 14 and intake ports 16 are opened and closed, by the piston 22, at a fixed time and location with respect to the respective engine cycle.
Fundamentally, however, incoming fresh air and fuel and outgoing exhaust gas need to be controlled in some manner in the system 10, and, therefore, the timing of the engine cycle for opening and closing the exhaust port 16 and intake port 14, respectively, directly affects the engine operation, including its horsepower, fuel efficiency, thermal efficiency, and emissions toxicity. As such, the present system 10 further includes an exhaust valve assembly 24 positioned in a stub port 50 between exhaust port 16 and the exhaust pipe 20. This exhaust valve assembly 24 further includes a rotary exhaust valve 26, which allows for control of outgoing exhaust gas, and phased timing of the opening and closing the exhaust port 16. Additionally, the timing and speed of the rotary exhaust valve 26 may be varied relative to crankshaft timing at various engine speeds and loads, by a valve phasing assembly 28.
The use of the rotary exhaust valve 26 allows for alterations to the fixed time and location at which the intake port 14 and exhaust port 16 are opened and closed by the piston 22 with respect to the respective engine cycle. Notably, while still uncovered by the piston 22, the exhaust port 16 may be closed due to an intentional full misalignment of the rotary exhaust valve 26 and the exhaust port 16, while the intake port 14 remains open. With the rotary exhaust valve 26 fully misaligned with the exhaust port 16, exhaust gas is not able to flow out of the exhaust port 16 to the exhaust pipe 20, reducing the potential for incoming intake fuel and fresh air to flow directly out of the exhaust port 16, without going through the combustion process. Moreover, additional incoming air is still allowed to enter the cylinder bore 18 via the intake port 14, after the exhaust port 16 is closed due to the misalignment between the rotary exhaust valve 26 and the exhaust port 16.
As such, in one control strategy designed to achieve increased power output or power density of the engine 10, the additional density of air supplied to the engine 10, while the exhaust port 16 is closed via misalignment between the rotary exhaust valve 26 and the exhaust port 16, allows the pressure P2 within the cylinder bore 18 to be increased above atmospheric pressure, effectively supercharging the engine 10.
In another control scheme, designed to achieve increased thermal efficiency of the engine 10, the rotary exhaust valve 26 is phased to force an asymmetry in exhaust timing, i.e., the exhaust port 16 is fully opened (valve 26 fully aligned with the exhaust port 16) as late as possible in the cycle. In this way, the exhaust port 16 and intake port 14 remain open at the same time for a duration of a lengthened expansion stroke of the piston 22, such that cool air from the intake port 14 may mix with warm post combustion air, not yet expelled from the exhaust port 16, creating greater thermal efficiency in the engine system, i.e., reducing the work required for combustion.
Referring to the Figures, as shown in
The system 10 may further comprise at least one cylinder having a cylinder sidewall 12. The cylinder sidewall 12 may be composed of a metallic material and may be further coated with a heat resistant coating such as a ceramic coating or another heat resistant coating known in the relevant art. The cylinder sidewall 12 defines a cylinder bore 18 therein, with the cylinder bore 18 is disposed on a bore axis B. The cylinder sidewall 12 further defines an intake port 14 and an exhaust port 16 therein, as well as a plurality of scavenging ports (shown in
The system 10 further comprises a piston assembly operatively connected to the engine crankshaft 32. The piston assembly comprises a piston 22 (shown in further detail in
Given that the exhaust port 16 is disposed vertically upward of the intake port 14 with respect to the bore axis B, as the piston 22 moves downward on the bore axis B, the piston 22 will uncover the exhaust port 16 before it uncovers the intake port 14, and as the piston 22 moves upward on the bore axis B, the piston 22 will cover or close the intake port 14 before it covers or closes the exhaust port 16. Said another way, due to the fixed placement of the intake port 14 and the exhaust port 16 in the cylinder sidewall 12, absent further structure in the system 10 like the exhaust valve assembly 24 detailed herein below, the exhaust port 16 would always open first and therefore close last in the engine cycle, as in a traditional two-stroke engine architecture.
Referring still to
The system 10 may still further include an air pump 49, such as a supercharger, an exhaust driven turbo charger, or the like, configured to pump or force air into the cylinder bore 18 by compressing the air delivered to the cylinder bore 18 via the intake manifold 54, to above atmospheric pressure, thereby increasing the power density and efficiency of the system 10. In a traditional two-stroke engine architecture, the amount of air pumped into the engine 10 is limited by the predefined physical geometry of the engine, as the pumping work is done by the underside of the piston 22 during the compression stroke thereof. In the present disclosure, the piston 22 does not, in fact, act as a pump bringing air into the system 10, but simply a valve opening and sealing the respective intake port 14 and exhaust port 16 as the piston 22 moves along the bore axis B; the supercharger 49 completes the pumping work. In this way, the supercharger 49 may be managed or otherwise controlled to pump more or less air into the cylinder bore 18 depending on engine speed and engine load. For example, air pump 49, e.g., a supercharger, exhaust driven turbocharger, or the like, may be managed by an Engine Control Unit 56 via an electrical motor or managed by a mechanical system operatively connected to the crankshaft 52.
The intake manifold 54 is positioned between the supercharger 49 and the intake port 14. A bypass valve 60 (
While the supercharger 49 is operable to actively enhance the power density and efficiency of the system 10, absent further structure in the system 10 to control the exhaust port 16, the system geometry of a traditional two-stroke engine will defeat the purpose of the supercharger 49, such that the system 10 may actually lose power with the addition of a supercharger 49. More particularly, in traditional two-stroke architectures, the exhaust port 16 will always open first and therefore close last in the engine cycle, such that the intake port 14 is only open when the exhaust port 16 is also open. As such, the pressure P2 within the cylinder bore 18 can never be increased, even via supercharging, to a pressure value substantially above atmospheric pressure, i.e., more than about 0.50 pounds of force per square inch (PSI). As such, the additional pumping and increased mass of air delivered to the cylinder bore 18 by the supercharger 49 would simply bleed off or flow directly out of the exhaust port 16.
To solve this inherent issue found in the traditional two-stroke engine architecture, the present disclosure proposes suitable additional structure in the system 10 to control the exhaust port 16, such that supercharging, in cycles of increased power demand, is not only possible but highly beneficial to the power density and efficiency of the engine system 10. Such additional structure may also be utilized, in cycles of increased thermal efficiency demand, to create an asymmetry in exhaust timing, e.g., shortening the compression strike and lengthening the expansion stroke of the piston, i.e., reducing the work required for combustion.
Referring now to
The exhaust valve assembly 24 is disposed between the stub port 50 and the exhaust gas pipe 20 and is configured to selectively close the exhaust gas port 16 irrespective of a position of the piston 22 along the bore axis B. In one embodiment, the exhaust valve assembly 24 comprises a rotary exhaust valve 26, a valve phasing assembly 28 operatively coupled to the rotary exhaust valve 26, a plurality of seal rings 42, 44, and a plurality of bearings 36, 38. The rotary exhaust valve 26 has a valve body, which defines a valve void 34 therethrough. The valve void 34 may have a void center 35, a void length, and void width. While the dimensions of the valve void 34 may be customized for particular engine architectures, the valve 26 remains symmetrical in each such embodiment.
The rotary exhaust valve 26 may be positioned in a chamber between the stub port 50 and the exhaust pipe 20. The rotary exhaust valve 26 may be formed via a machining process. The rotary exhaust valve 26 may be composed of a metallic material, such as stainless steel or titanium, which is fairly resistant to wear or degradation due to heat cycling. Alternatively, the rotary exhaust valve 26 may be composed of a lighter metallic material by weight, such as aluminum, and coated with a heat resistant coating, such as a ceramic coating or other heat resistant coating known in the relevant art.
As shown in
The rotary exhaust valve 26 further comprises a first plurality of seal rings 42 and a second plurality of seal rings 44. These seal rings 42, 44 serve multiple functions, for example, substantially sealing the exhaust port 16, and preventing exhaust gases from entering the engine chamber that houses the support bearings 36, 38 disposed on either side of the valve assembly 24. Another example advantage of the seal rings 42, 44 includes preventing oil that is used to lubricate and cool the valve assembly 24 from entering the exhaust system 20.
The usage of oil to cool the valve 26 is another aspect of the present invention. Accordingly, in one embodiment, oil will come into direct contact with the rotary exhaust valve 26 on the inboard side of the seals 36, 38. The oil will serve to lubricate the bearing system 36, 38, plain, roller, ball, or the like, as well as remove heat from the valve 26. As such, oil is pumped into the chamber housing the bearings 36, 38 and drained back to the system where the oil will be cooled and returned for reuse. As such, the oil does not reach a predetermined threshold temperature, as water jackets are provided that are adjacent to the oil jackets and bearing housings. The water jackets around the valve 26 provide an additional cooling method.
A single cylinder engine would require only one rotary exhaust valve 26 within the exhaust valve assembly 24. However, as shown in
In this way, the engine system 10, as illustrated, may comprise a first cylinder having a first cylinder sidewall 12a and a second cylinder having a second cylinder sidewall 12b. The respective first cylinder sidewall 12a and the second cylinder sidewall 12b each define a cylinder bore 18a, 18b therein, with the cylinder bore 18a, 18b positioned on a respective bore axis B. The first cylinder sidewall 12a further defines a first intake port 14a and a first exhaust port 16a therein, and the second cylinder sidewall 12b further defines a second intake port 14b and a second exhaust port 16b therein. The system 10 further comprises a first piston assembly and a second piston assembly operatively connected to the engine crankshaft 32. Each piston assembly comprising a piston 22a, 22b (shown in further detail in
As such, as shown in
The second rotary exhaust valve 26b may be positioned in a chamber between the stub port 50 of the second cylinder 12b and the exhaust pipe 20. The second rotary exhaust valve 26b may be supported on the second plurality of bearings 38 on one side and a third plurality of bearings the opposite side 40. The bearings 38, 40 are shaped in such a way as to align with the exhaust port 16b and interface with additional apertures formed in the cylinder sidewall 12b. The second rotary exhaust valve 26b further comprises a third plurality of seal rings 46 and a fourth plurality of seal rings 48. These seal rings 42, 44 serve multiple functions commensurate with those discussed with respect to the first rotary exhaust valve 26a.
The rotary exhaust valves 26a, 26b may be further disposed on and rotatable about a valve axis V. More particularly, the second rotary exhaust valve 26b is aligned with and positioned laterally adjacent to the first rotary exhaust valve 26a. In this way, the first and second rotary exhaust valves 26a, 26b are coupled linearly, such that the same share the support of the second plurality of bearings 38 therebetween, as shown in
The valve phasing assembly 28 (
The valve axis V, on which the rotary exhaust valve(s) 26a, 26b are positioned, is spaced apart and parallel to the crankshaft axis C, on which the engine crankshaft 52 is positioned. The engine crankshaft 52 is rotatable about the crankshaft axis C in a predetermined direction at a first speed, and the rotary exhaust valve(s) 26a, 26b are rotatable about the valve axis V in the same predetermined direction at a second speed.
Controlling the rotary exhaust valve(s) 26 to crankshaft 52 speed relationship at various engine speeds and loads, as well as timing the rotary valve 26 appropriately, along with the supercharger 49, creates an engine system 10 that operates due to a pressure balance between the intake manifold 54, the cylinder bore 18, and the exhaust system 50, 26, 20. Said another way, the rotary exhaust valve 26 acts as a throttle, defining a pressure balance between the intake system 49, 54, 14 (with pressure P1), the cylinder bore 18 (with pressure P2), the stub port 50 (with pressure P3), and the exhaust pipe 20 (with pressure P4), which will resultantly determine the mass of air entering the engine system 10 and directly controlling the available power and torque output of the engine system 10.
In some embodiments, these aims may be accomplished using a plurality of sensors that convey signals to an engine control unit 56, as shown in schematic in
The sensors 58, 62, 68, 70, 72, 74 described herein are configured to monitor physical system characteristics and generate signals that correlate to such physical system characteristics. Moreover, the system 10 may further include a crankshaft position sensor 62 in fluid communication with the crankshaft 52 and a rotary exhaust valve position sensor 58 in fluid communication with the rotary exhaust valve 26. More particularly, the crankshaft position sensor 62 monitors engine crankshaft position and engine speed (RPM), and the rotary exhaust valve position sensor 58 monitors the rotary valve position and rotary valve speed (RPM).
The system 10 may also comprise an intake pressure sensor 68 configured to monitor a pressure P1 at the intake port 14, a cylinder pressure sensor 70 configured to monitor a pressure P2 within the cylinder or combustion chamber, a stub port pressure sensor 72 configured to monitor a pressure P3 within the stub port 50, and an exhaust pressure senor 74 configured to monitor a pressure P4 within the exhaust pipe 20.
The Engine Control Unit 56 may be a stand-alone unit or be part of an electronic controller that regulates the operation of the engine system 10. The engine control unit 56 may be embodied as a host machine or distributed system, e.g., a digital computer or microcomputer, acting as a vehicle control module, and/or as a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller device having a processor, and tangible, non-transitory memory such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory. The engine control unit 56 may also have random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), a high-speed clock, analog-to-digital (A/D) and/or digital-to-analog (D/A) circuitry, and any required input/output circuitry and associated devices, as well as any required signal conditioning and/or signal buffering circuitry. Therefore, the engine control unit 56 can include all software, hardware, memory, algorithms, connections, sensors, etc., necessary receive signal inputs from the aforementioned sensors to monitor engine operation.
The engine control unit 56 may further execute routines stored therein to control the aforementioned sensors and actuators to control engine operation, including throttle position, fuel injection mass and timing, supercharger 49 boost and speed, and control of intake and/or rotary exhaust valve timing, phasing, etc. The routines or processes may be embodied as control strategy instructions and are preferably executed during preset loop cycles. Routines or control strategy instructions are written on the tangible, non-transitory memory of at least one processing unit and are executed by such a central processing unit, and thereby are operable to monitor inputs from sensing devices and other networked control modules and execute control and diagnostic routines to control operation of actuators. Loop cycles may be executed at regular intervals or executed in response to occurrence of an event.
As detailed herein above, the exhaust valve assembly 24 along with the engine control unit 56 and the valve phasing assembly 28 controls the exhaust cycle of the engine system 10 relative to crankshaft timing, via the at least one engine control strategy of the present methods 100, 200. The use of the rotary exhaust valve 26 and the valve phasing assembly 28 allows for alterations to the fixed time and location at which the exhaust port 16 is opened and closed by the piston 22 with respect to the respective engine cycle.
As detailed in
First, in the power cycle control scheme 100, as illustrated in
Second, as illustrated in
The selection or phasing of the closure of the exhaust port 16 via the rotary exhaust valve 26 based upon engine speed and load is paramount to efficient engine system 10 operation. For example, during the cylinder flushing stage the cylinder is flushed of exhaust gas residuals, but such timing of the exhaust port 16 closure event (event 103 in
As contemplated in the present disclosure, the second speed (rotary exhaust valve rotation speed) is about 50% of the first speed (engine crankshaft speed). Said another way, the rotary exhaust valve 26 must rotate slower (at a second speed) than crankshaft 52 or engine speed (a first speed), in order to be properly timed for the next intake and exhaust event. In this way, the rotary exhaust valve 26 shall rotate at about half engine or crankshaft speed 52 to achieve the desired results of closing the exhaust port 16 before the intake port 14 closes, retaining port closure during the compression event, and providing proper timing, i.e., valve alignment for the next engine cycle.
Moreover, having the rotary exhaust valve 26 rotate in the same predetermined direction as the engine crankshaft 52, creates an air flow path, during the cylinder flushing stage (detailed hereinbelow and in
In some instances, the engine architecture of the present disclosure may provide for trapping efficiencies over 95%, and even more particularly of up to 97%. For example, when the engine speed or load is lower, i.e., lower crankshaft speed, the exhaust port 16 shall close earlier in the time domain shown as event 103 in
Third, as illustrated in
As contemplated in the disclosure, cylinder charging is essentially what sets apart the power cycle control scheme of the present invention from an ordinary two-stroke engine. With the valve void 34 fully misaligned with the exhaust port 16, exhaust gas is not able to flow out of the exhaust port 16, eliminating the potential for incoming intake fuel and fresh air to flow directly out of the exhaust port 16 from the intake port 14, without undergoing the combustion process, i.e., the exhaust port 16 (event 103 in
Moreover, during the cylinder charging cycle, additional incoming air is still allowed to enter the cylinder bore 18 via the intake port 14, after the exhaust port 16 is closed (at event 103) due to the misalignment between the valve void 34 and with the exhaust port 16. As such, the additional density or mass of air supplied to the engine, while the exhaust port 16 is closed, allows the pressure within the cylinder bore 18 to be increased above atmospheric pressure as shown in
Fourth, as illustrated in
Fifth, as illustrated in
During the compression cycle the piston 22 continues to move upward along bore axis B, to compress the gas in the cylinder bore 18 (engine combustion chamber). Given that the rotary valve 26 is closed, the compression cycle may begin as soon as the intake port 14 is fully sealed by the piston 22 but before the exhaust port is partially or fully sealed by the piston 22. Said another way, the intake port 14 is closed (event 104) during the compression cycle when the crank shaft position sensor 62 indicates that the crank shaft position angle is about 65 degrees after bottom dead center (ABDC), and the compression cycle extends for a duration that is defined from a time at which the crankshaft position sensor 62 indicates that the crankshaft position angle is about 65 degrees after bottom dead center (ABDC) to a time at which the crankshaft position sensor 62 indicates that the crankshaft position angle is about 20 degrees before top dead center (BTDC). At the conclusion of the duration, ignition occurs.
Sixth, as illustrated in
Alternatively, as detailed in
First, in the over-expansion cycle control scheme 200, as illustrated in
At the initiation of the exhaust cycle in the over-expansion control scheme, the intake port 14 is closed as it remains covered by the piston 22, but the exhaust port 16 is opened (event 201 in
Second, as illustrated in
Third, as illustrated in
Fourth, as illustrated in
The intake port 14 closes at event 204 in
Fifth, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
Sixth, as illustrated in
Fundamentally, the engine system 10 of the present disclosure utilizes an exhaust valve assembly 24. which allows for control of outgoing exhaust gas, and phased timing of the opening and closing the exhaust port 16. Additionally, the timing and speed of the rotary exhaust valve 26 may be varied relative to crankshaft timing, by a valve phasing assembly 28, at various engine speeds and loads, in order to control or affect the engine operation, including its horsepower, fuel efficiency, thermal efficiency, and emissions toxicity.
The detailed description and the drawings or figures are supportive and descriptive of the present teachings, but the scope of the present teachings is defined solely by the claims. While some of the best modes and other embodiments for carrying out the present teachings have been described in detail, various alternative designs and embodiments exist for practicing the present teachings defined in the appended claims.
While various embodiments have been described, the description is intended to be exemplary, rather than limiting and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible that are within the scope of the embodiments. Any feature of any embodiment may be used in combination with or substituted for any other feature or element in any other embodiment unless specifically restricted. Accordingly, the embodiments are not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents. Also, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the attached claims.
Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems, and any element or elements that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced, however, are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or elements of any or all of the claims, unless such benefits, advantages, solutions, or elements are expressly stated in such claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/397,952, filed Aug. 15, 2022, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
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