Patent Application
20130233128
The present invention relates to improvement of a meshing property between a pinion gear of a starter and a ring gear of an engine when the engine is started.
In a conventional engine starter (hereinafter referred to as starter), a start operation is carried out while an engine is stopped. Thus, a pinion gear meshes with a ring gear while the ring gear is not rotating. However, in a system for carrying out idle stop for reducing fuel consumption, a restart property is secured by meshing the pinion gear with the ring gear even when the ring gear is rotating.
For example, at the moment when the idle stop is just started and the engine is not stopped yet, if a restart is requested, or if it is necessary to reduce a period for a restart from a stop state, while the ring gear is rotating, the ring gear is meshed in advance with the pinion gear.
In this case, as a method of meshing the pinion gear with the ring gear while the ring gear is rotating, there is known a method of meshing the pinion gear by supplying an electric power to thereby adjust the speed of the starter motor of the pinion gear so that the pinion gear is synchronized with the RPM of the ring gear (for example, refer to Patent Literature 1). Moreover, there is known a method of carrying out, by providing a mechanism for synchronization in advance, synchronization up to a predetermined difference in RPM by friction of a portion of the mechanism, and then meshing gears with each other (for example, refer to Patent Literature 2). Further, there is known a method of facilitating the meshing by devising the pinion shape (for example, refer to Patent Literature 3).
[PTL 2]: JP 2006-132343 A
However, the prior art has the following problems.
The ring gear decelerates while rotating by inertia after the engine stops, and in this case, the RPM becomes zero while pulsating due to a fluctuation in torque caused by compression and expansion by pistons. Thus, for example, as described in Patent Literature 1, for synchronizing the RPMs of the ring gear and the pinion gear with each other by the engine starter (starter), thereby meshing them with each other, a complex configuration is necessary. Specifically, there is a need for a complex mechanism for acquiring or predicting the RPMs of the ring gear and the pinion gear, and, based thereon, for controlling the starter to mesh the ring gear and the pinion gear with each other.
Moreover, the meshing is not realized only by the synchronization and it is necessary to realize the meshing by causing the pinion gear and the ring gear to match with each other in phase. For this reason, it is necessary to recognize the precise positions in the rotation direction for the respective synchronized gears. However, in order to carry out the highly precise control, there is a need for detectors such as highly-precise encoders, and high speed arithmetic processing in an ECU on the engine side. Moreover, regarding the detection of the phase of the pinion gear by using an encoder or the like, the pinion gear itself is a moving body, which makes the attachment of the encoder thereto difficult. Accordingly, the system becomes complex and the size of the device increases.
Further, even if a complex configuration is realized by simplification by means of a method of predicting the respective RPMs to thereby enmesh the pinion gear, the RPM difference upon the contact occurs due to errors in predicted values, and a variation in timing of enmeshing the pinion gear in the axial direction. Accordingly, precise control is difficult.
On the other hand, for example, as described in Patent Literature 2, by providing a configuration in which the pinion gear and the ring gear are synchronized in RPM by a synchronizing mechanism in advance to be then brought into contact with each other, the ring gear and the pinion gear can be synchronized with each other in RPM by a simpler configuration. However, a gear ratio of the pinion gear to the ring gear is generally present at a level of ten times for reducing the size of the motor, and the pinion gear and the ring gear are not arranged coaxially due to a restriction in terms of a dimensional configuration. Thus, the synchronization is carried out while a friction surface of the synchronization mechanism for bringing the pinion gear into contact with the ring gear is always slipping, and it is difficult to realize a complete synchronization in which the phases are matched as well.
Moreover, in the synchronization mechanism, when the ring gear and the pinion gear are in contact with each other after the synchronization, except for a case where the phases are matched with each other by chance, a slip is generated between the ring gear and the pinion gear, and the ring gear and the pinion gear mesh with each other when the phases thereof are matched. In this way, in the configuration employing the synchronization mechanism, after the synchronization is realized by the slip, the pinion gear and the ring gear are brought into contact with each other. As a result, there are a problem of noises and wear upon the contact and a problem in that a friction surface is additionally necessary for the synchronization, resulting in requirement of an additional space.
Moreover, for example, in a case where the synchronization mechanism is used, as described in Patent Literature 3, in order to facilitate the meshing between the pinion gear and the ring gear, it is conceivable to devise a shape of ends of the pinion gear, thereby providing a chamfer or the like on the tooth end. As a result, according to Patent Literature 3, a space portion realized by the chamfering can be inserted, and a guiding effect by the surface contact is realized.
On this occasion, for the meshing in a state in which the ring gear is stopped, the guiding effect by the chamfering is provided. However, in a case where a relative RPM of the pinion gear is different while the ring gear is rotating, a collision of both the gears as a result of the contact of the chamfered portions generates a force component of pushing back the pinion gear in the axial direction. As a result, there is a problem in that collision sounds and a delay in meshing occur upon the meshing.
In this way, when the pinion gear is meshed while the ring gear is rotating, the noise, a decrease in service life due to wear, and the delay in starting which is caused by a loss in the meshing time occur unless more secure synchronization and phase matching are carried out at the moment of the contact.
Particularly, in a case where the RPM difference is large when the pinion gear and the ring gear mesh with each other, the teeth are rubbed against each other and the gears are meshed while generating noises. As a result, in addition to the problem of the service life caused by the wear of the teeth or the like, there is a problem in that a torque force due to the RPM difference on the chamfered surfaces and the like acts as a force in the axial direction and hence the pinion gear is bounced back significantly so that a loss is generated in the meshing time and a restart property also degrades.
The present invention has been made in order to solve those problem, and therefore has an object to obtain an engine starter for carrying out, even when the pinion gear and the ring gear mesh with each other while the ring gear is rotating, more reliable synchronization and phase matching immediately after the contact, and suppress noises, a decrease in the service life caused by wear, and a delay in the starting property which is caused by a loss of the meshing time.
According to the present invention, there is provided an engine starter, including: a starter motor; a pinion unit coupled to an output-shaft side of the starter motor by means of a spline, for sliding in an axial direction; a ring gear which has a push-out mechanism for moving the pinion unit to an engaging position with the ring gear, meshes with a pinion of the pinion unit pushed out by the push-out mechanism, and receives a transmission of a rotation force of the starter motor to thereby start an engine, in which the pinion unit includes a pinion gear divided in the axial direction into two pinion gears which are a first pinion gear having a protruded shape for synchronization, for first colliding with the ring gear upon start of meshing with the ring gear, and a second pinion gear for serving to transmit the rotation force after the meshing.
According to the present invention, the pinion gear of the pinion unit is configured so as to be divided into the first pinion gear having the tooth shape for synchronization on the end and the second pinion gear serving to transmit the rotation force after the meshing, thereby enabling the stable meshing between the pinion gear and the ring gear even when a difference in RPM is present. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain an engine starter which carries out, even when the pinion gear is meshed while the ring gear is rotating, more reliable synchronization and phase matching at the moment of the contact and eliminates the noises, the decrease in the service life caused by wear, and the delay in the starting property caused by the time loss of the meshing time.
A description is now given of preferred embodiments of an engine starter according to the present invention referring to the drawings.
The motor drive unit 10 starts an engine. The shaft 20 is coupled via the speed reduction gear unit 90 to an output-shaft side of the motor. The pinion unit 30 is integrated with an overrunning clutch coupled to the shaft 20 by means of a helical spline, and can slide in the axial direction.
The attraction coil unit 40 attracts the plunger 50 by a switch being turned on. The lever 60 transmits a travel of the plunger 50 by the attraction to the pinion unit 30. The bracket 70 fixes the respective components consisting of the motor drive unit 10, the shaft 20, and the pinion unit 30 via the stopper 80 to the engine side when the pinion travels.
In the rotated lever 60, an end portion of the opposite side of the plunger 50 pushes out the pinion unit 30 and, as a result, the pinion unit 30 is pushed out along the spline of the shaft 20 while rotating.
On this occasion, the pinion gear of the pinion unit 30 is divided into two pinion gears which are the second pinion gear 34 and the first pinion gear 35. The first pinion gear 35, whose detailed description is given later, has a tooth shape for synchronization on an end, and is a gear for colliding with a ring gear 100. On the other hand, the second pinion gear 34 is a gear serving to transmit a rotation force after meshing. Moreover, the first pinion gear 35 is thinner in gear thickness than the second pinion gear 34 and is thus configured to have a smaller moment of inertia.
As illustrated in
On this occasion, the second pinion gear groove portion 34a is formed as grooves for meshing with the grooves on the shaft core 32 with the minimum backlash. On the other hand, the first pinion gear portion 35a is formed so that the width and the length of the grooves are larger than those of the second pinion gear groove portion 34a. As a result, the first pinion gear portion 35a has a backlash with respect to the shaft core 32, and is thus structured so as to rotate by this backlash in the rotation direction.
Moreover,
As illustrated in
In other words, the first pinion gear 35 rotationally travels by a dimension of the backlash due to the friction force of the contact portions with respect to the ring gear 100, thereby making an action of finding a phase for meshing. Particularly, the first pinion gear 35 does not have a surface generating a force component in the axial direction of the pinion other than a machined surface (corresponding to a chamfered portion 35e) of the tooth-tip-outer-diameter edge portion and an end surface (corresponding to a tooth surface opposite to the ring gear 100). In other words, the portions brought into contact with the ring gear 100 mainly consists of a surface contact of the end surface and chamfering is not applied to portions other than the chamfered portion 35e.
As a result, the first pinion gear 35 comes in contact with the ring gear 100 without being bounced back by an impulse force due to a difference in RPM. In other words, when the first pinion gear 35 and the ring gear 100 collide with each other, even if the difference in RPM is large, the pinion gear can come in contact with the ring gear without being bounced back, a loss in meshing caused by the bouncing is eliminated, and even if the difference in RPM is further large, the meshing action can be realized. Moreover, as a result of the collision between the tooth surfaces, the ring gear and the pinion gear can be synchronized.
A tooth thickness 35b of the first pinion gear 35 is smaller in shape than a tooth thickness 34b of the second pinion gear 34. As a result, the first pinion gear 35 has a larger gap with respect to the ring gear 100, and has a shape that is easily inserted into the ring gear 100, thereby improving an insertion property. Further, application of a torque load to the first pinion gear 35 can be avoided when the engine is started, and hence simplification such as a reduction in weight and size of the first pinion gear 35 can be realized.
Note that, the width of the tooth thickness 35b of the first pinion gear 35 rotated by the backlash between the first pinion gear groove portion 35a and the shaft core 32 is set so as not to exceed an area of the tooth thickness 34b of the second pinion gear 34. Due to the tooth thicknesses configured in this way, after the first pinion gear 35 is meshed, an action of chamfered portions 34c, which is described later, and the like enables the insertion of the second pinion gear 34 to be smoothly completed.
Moreover, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
On this occasion, as described above referring to
Further, on a tooth tip diameter portion of the first pinion gear 35, which is to come in contact with the ring gear 100, the chamfered portion 35e having an angle R is provided (see
In other words, by providing the groove diameter of the first pinion gear 35 with the backlashes in the gear rotation direction as well as in the gear radial direction, the first pinion gear 35 in contact with the ring gear 100 can carry out, by means of the friction damper effect of the second pinion gear 34, the action of finding the gap of the ring gear 100 and can also relatively increase the range of inserting the first pinion gear 35 into the gap of the ring gear 100.
As a result, the first pinion gear 35 is inserted, without being bounced back by the ring gear 100, between the neighboring teeth of the ring gear 100 by the action of recovery from the tilting, and can synchronize the rotations by the contact between the tooth surfaces.
The colliding surfaces upon the insertion are a tooth surface 35d of the first pinion gear 35 and the ring gear 100, and even if there is a difference in RPM, the collision is made in the rotation direction, resulting in the synchronization of the rotation by a torque thereof. Particularly, when the RPM of the ring gear 100 is higher, the synchronization is made by bringing the tooth surface of the first pinion gear 35 into contact, and the clutch rotates idly by the overrunning clutch 31. Accordingly, an impact thereof is caused only by the mass of the first pinion gear 35, resulting in a small impact and low noise.
The pinion unit 30, which has synchronized in this way, transitions, as illustrated in
On this occasion, the chamfered portions 34c have a component of axially pushing back, but the pinion unit 30 and the ring gear 100 are synchronized by the first pinion gear 35, resulting in no problem. Moreover, the presence of the chamfered portions 34c enables the insertion of the ring gear 100 to the second pinion gear 34 to be smoothly completed regardless of the relative rotation direction between the pinion gear and the ring gear 100.
Thus, as a result of a series of the operations illustrated in
Thus, a relationship of gears between the second pinion gear 34 and the ring gear 100 determines a tooth hit sound, which causes a cranking sound upon the engine start, and the like. Therefore, even if the first pinion gear 35 is formed to have the teeth having a small tooth thickness and thus having a large backlash, no problem occurs. In other words, even if specifications of the teeth of the first pinion gear 35 are changed in profile shift, tooth tip outer diameter, or pressure angle compared with specifications of the teeth of the second pinion gear 34, to thereby increase the backlash with respect to the ring gear 100, no problem occurs.
As described above, according to the first embodiment, even if there is a difference in RPM between the ring gear and the pinion unit, by employing the pinion gear having the configuration as described above, which is divided into the first pinion gear having the tooth shape for synchronization at the end and the second pinion gear serving to transmit the rotation force after the meshing, the action corresponding to one tooth enables the instantaneous meshing. As a result, the insertion property between the ring gear and the pinion unit can be improved and the service life of the tooth shape can be extended against the wear on the end surface. Further, the suppression of the noise and the suppression of the transmission loss can be realized.
For example, even in a case where the RPM of the ring gear is higher by 500 than that of the pinion gear, it is verified that the pinion gear instantaneously meshes without being bounced back, and the noise level at the moment of the meshing decreases to a 5 dB level. Thus, by employing the pinion unit having the configuration of this application, and carrying out the enmeshing action at an idling RPM level, the pinion gear and the ring gear can be stably meshed with each other, resulting in relief of restrictions on the control and a reduction in time in terms of the restart property.
On this occasion, the first pinion gear is not limited to the case where the first pinion gear has the tooth shape illustrated in
Moreover, with respect to the mechanism for pushing out the pinion unit, a description has been given of the case where the pulling force by the plunger is transmitted to the lever to thereby push out the pinion unit, but the mechanism is not limited to this case. As the method of pushing out the pinion unit, other power sources such as a motor torque may be used.
According to a second embodiment of the present invention, regarding the backlashes of a first pinion gear 35 and a second pinion gear 34, a description is given of a structure of a pinion unit which can further suppress the wear by providing eccentricity in phase.
The configuration of an engine starter according to the second embodiment is the same as in
On this occasion, the second pinion gear groove portion 34a is formed as grooves for meshing with the grooves on the shaft core 32 with the minimum backlash. On the other hand, the first pinion gear portion 35a is formed so that the width and the length of the grooves are larger than those of the second pinion gear groove portion 34a. As a result, the first pinion gear portion 35a has a backlash with respect to the shaft core 32, and is thus structured so as to rotate by this backlash in the rotation direction.
On this occasion, the backlash according to the second embodiment is eccentric in phase in a relationship between the first pinion gear 35 and the second pinion gear 34. A description is now given of the eccentricity referring to the drawings.
The eccentricity is made in the surface direction (corresponding to the left rotation direction and the right rotation direction of
A detailed description is now given referring to
Moreover,
A state until the first pinion gear 35 meshes and synchronizes with the ring gear 100 is the same as in the first embodiment described above. Then, in this state, influence of the meshing property caused by the eccentricity is not relevant.
Then, the pinion gear after the first pinion gear 35 has meshed and synchronized, is brought into the state of
On this occasion, on the tooth surface edge portion on the first pinion gear 35 side of the second pinion gear 34, two chamfers including a motor torque transmission surface side chamfered portion 34c1 and a motor torque non-transmission surface side chamfered portion 34c2 are made (see
On the other hand, in the state of
Thus, as in the second embodiment, in a case where the first pinion gear 35 and the second pinion gear 34 are eccentric to each other, the chamfer 34c1 on the tooth surface on the side of the surface on which the torque is transmitted by the pinion and the chamfer 34c2 on the opposite side are different in size. Further, the sizes are determined by the area hidden by the backlash of the first pinion gear 35.
Further, the ring gear 100 is synchronized with the first pinion gear 35 and is different in phase at the moment of the contact with the second pinion gear 34. Thus, by forming the chamfer 34c1 on the torque transmission surface side of the second pinion gear 34 into an involute chamfer, a chamfer along the rotation of the pinion is realized and the friction can be further suppressed.
As described above, according to the second embodiment, the backlash between the first pinion gear and the second pinion gear are provided so as to be eccentric in phase. As a result, during the pushing for the phase matching between the second pinion gear and the first pinion gear, the second pinion gear is smoothly pushed in, and hence a problem such as the friction is eliminated. Thus, in the meshing of the ring gear respectively with the first pinion gear and the second pinion gear, even if there are differences in RPM, the smooth meshing can be realized. As a result, the wear can be minimized in addition to the relief of the restriction on the control, the reduction in time in terms of the restart property, and the reduction of the noise.
According to a third embodiment, a description is given of a structure, with which it is possible to increase a damper effect, regarding the action mechanism in the axial direction of a first pinion gear 35 and a second pinion gear 34, by providing the friction force of the first pinion gear 35 on a portion different from the shaft core.
The configuration of an engine starter according to the third embodiment is the same as in
Compared with the first embodiment described above, according to the third embodiment of the present invention, shapes of the first pinion gear 35, the second pinion gear 34, and the shaft core 32 are different. A description therefore is now mainly given of these differences. The second pinion gear 34 includes a protrusion (hereinafter referred to as grooved protrusion 34e) toward the first pinion gear 35, the protrusion having grooves formed between the grooves for the shaft core 32 and the tooth surface of the second pinion gear 34. The first pinion gear 35 meshes with the grooves formed on the grooved protrusion 34e at a groove portion 35a of the first pinion gear.
According to the third embodiment, the groove portion 35a of the first pinion gear and a groove portion 34a of the second pinion gear mesh with different grooves. Thus, the groove portion 35a of the first pinion gear includes grooves which do not transmit a torque and hence the number of the teeth can be reduced in setting the number of the grooves. Accordingly, the meshing shape of the grooved protrusion 34e of the second pinion gear can be formed into a shape independent of the groove shape of the shaft core 32.
It is necessary for a sum of the friction force in the axial direction of the first pinion gear 35 and the second pinion gear 34 and the load which compresses the coil spring 33 to the maximum stroke not to exceed the load pushing out the pinion.
As described above, according to the third embodiment, regarding the action mechanism in the axial direction of the first pinion gear and the second pinion gear, the friction force of the first pinion gear can be provided on the portion different from the shaft core. In other words, the first pinion gear is configured so as to axially travel independently of the pinion unit. As a result, with respect to a dumper function by the friction force for the axial travel by the spring, it is possible to increase only the portion of the first pinion gear 35.
According to the third embodiment described above, a description is given of the structure for, regarding the action mechanism in the axial direction of the first pinion gear 35 and the second pinion gear 34, increasing the damper effect. In contrast, according to a fourth embodiment, regarding the action mechanism in the rotation direction of a first pinion gear 35 and a second pinion gear 34, a description is given of a structure with which it is possible to increase the friction force in the rotation direction between the first pinion gear 35 and a ring gear 100 so as to be larger than the friction force in the rotation direction between the first pinion gear 35 and the second pinion gear 34 when the friction coefficient between each of the pinion gears 34 and 35 and the ring gear 100 is small.
The configuration of an engine starter according to the fourth embodiment is the same as in
Compared with the first embodiment described above, the fourth embodiment according to the present invention is different in that the coil spring is divided into two portions (coil springs 33 and 33b). A description therefore is now mainly given of the difference.
On this occasion, the coil spring 33b pushes the first pinion gear 35 and the second pinion gear 34 away from each other, and a friction force caused by the contact between the second pinion gear 34 and the first pinion gear 35 can be reduced. On this occasion, it is necessary for the friction force in the rotation direction between the coil spring 33b and the first pinion gear 35 to be small. As a result, the backlash in the rotation direction of the first pinion gear 35 is independent of inertia of the second pinion gear 34 and hence the rotation is facilitated. Accordingly, upon the contact, the synchronization is facilitated.
As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, regarding the action mechanism in the rotation direction of the first pinion gear and the second pinion gear, independently of the coil spring pushing the second pinion gear in the pushing direction of the shaft, the coil spring is provided between the first pinion gear and the second pinion gear, and the configuration of the two-part coil springs is provided. As a result, the backlash in the rotation direction of the first pinion gear is independent of the inertia of the second pinion gear and hence the rotation is facilitated. Accordingly, upon the contact, the synchronization is facilitated.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-184702 | Aug 2010 | JP | national |
| 2010-266253 | Nov 2010 | JP | national |
| 2011-072078 | Mar 2011 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/067121 | 7/27/2011 | WO | 00 | 4/1/2013 |
