The present invention relates to an engine capable of performing a gas mode, a diesel mode, and a mixed combustion mode.
There has been conventionally known a technique of, in an engine capable of performing a gas mode in which a gaseous fuel is mixed with air and a diesel mode in which a liquid fuel is combusted with air, reducing sulfur oxides (SOx) by performing mixed combustion, i.e., by simultaneously combusting the gaseous fuel and the liquid fuel (see, for example, Patent Document 1). There has also been conventionally used a mixed combustion technique of, in a case where a liquid fuel reaches an output limit, additionally supplying a gaseous fuel to increase an output (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
Patent Document 1: JP-A-2018-188073
Patent Document 2: JP-A-2014-98338
However, in the conventional gas mode, properties and supply of a gaseous fuel are assumed to be stable in terms of engine control. Thus, when a gaseous fuel is newly injected into a gaseous fuel tank, the gaseous fuel contains a large amount of nitrogen, and properties thereof are unstable. Therefore, the engine cannot be stably operated. Further, when the remaining amount in the gaseous fuel tank decreases, a pressure of the gaseous fuel decreases, and supply thereof becomes unstable. Therefore, the engine cannot be stably operated.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an engine capable of performing stable control not only in a case where properties and supply of a gaseous fuel are stable, but also in a case where the properties and supply of the gaseous fuel are unstable.
An engine according to one aspect of the present invention can perform a gas mode in which a gaseous fuel is mixed with air and is combusted, a diesel mode in which a liquid fuel is injected into a combustion chamber and is combusted with air, and a mixed combustion mode in which the gaseous fuel and the liquid fuel are mixed and combusted with air, in which an injection amount of the gaseous fuel is feedback-controlled in the mixed combustion mode to regulate a speed.
In the engine according to one aspect of the present invention, when the speed is not regulated by feedback-controlling the injection amount of the gaseous fuel in the mixed combustion mode, the speed may be regulated by feedback-controlling an injection amount of the liquid fuel.
In the engine according to one aspect of the present invention, a mixed combustion rate of the gaseous fuel and the liquid fuel may be calculated based on an output of a diesel governor, and operation of each unit may be controlled based on the mixed combustion rate.
The engine according to one aspect and another aspect of the present invention may include: a pilot fuel injection valve that injects a pilot fuel into the combustion chamber for the purpose of igniting the gaseous fuel; and air supply pressure adjusting means.
In the engine according to one aspect and another aspect of the present invention, the pilot fuel injection valve and the air supply pressure adjusting means may be controlled based on the calculated mixed combustion rate.
The engine according to one aspect and another aspect of the present invention may further include a control unit that switches between the gas mode, the diesel mode, and the mixed combustion mode and adjusts the mixed combustion rate.
In the engine according to one aspect and another aspect of the present invention, the control unit may switch to the diesel mode in a case where a speed regulation output is smaller than a predetermined threshold during operation in the mixed combustion mode.
In the engine according to one aspect and another aspect of the present invention, when it is determined that the heat generation amount of the gaseous fuel is larger than the heat generation amount of the liquid fuel, and the mixed combustion mode is switched to the gas mode, the output of the diesel governor may be maintained for a certain period of time after a switching command is issued.
According to an engine of one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide an engine capable of performing stable control not only in a case where properties and supply of a gaseous fuel are stable, but also in a case where the properties and supply of the gaseous fuel are unstable.
Hereinafter, an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the engine according to the present embodiment is a so-called dual-fuel engine capable of using both a gaseous fuel and a liquid fuel as fuels.
Hereinafter, a configuration of the engine according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The air supply pipe 3 supplies air to the combustion chamber 2. The exhaust pipe 4 discharges exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 2. The crankshaft 12 is an output shaft of the engine 1 and is connected to a generator (not illustrated) or the like. The torque meter 13 is provided near the crankshaft 12 and detects a load of the engine 1. The rotation speed sensor 14 is provided near the crankshaft 12 and detects a rotation speed of the engine 1. The operation unit 15 is used by a user to operate each unit and includes a touchscreen or the like.
The main fuel injection valve 5 (corresponding to a “fuel injection valve” according to the present invention) mainly injects a liquid fuel into the combustion chamber 2. As illustrated in
The gas injector 8 injects a gaseous fuel into the air supply pipe 3. The pilot fuel injection valve 10 performs pilot injection of a small amount of the liquid fuel into the combustion chamber 2 to ignite the gaseous fuel. The air supply pressure adjusting means 9 adjusts a flow rate of air to be mixed with the gaseous fuel. The gaseous fuel tank 11 stores the gaseous fuel therein.
The control unit 16 controls operation of each unit of the engine 1.
The control unit 16 switches an operation mode of the engine 1. More specifically, the engine 1 can perform three operation modes: a gas mode, a diesel mode, and a mixed combustion mode. Here, the gas mode is an operation mode in which the gaseous fuel is mixed with air and is combusted. The diesel mode is an operation mode in which the main fuel injection valve 5 injects the liquid fuel into the combustion chamber 2 to combust the liquid fuel with air. The mixed combustion mode is an operation mode in which the gaseous fuel and the liquid fuel are mixed and combusted with air. The control unit 16 automatically switches the three operation modes in accordance with the load of the engine 1 or the like. Note that the operation mode can also be switched by the user via the operation unit 15.
In a case where the engine 1 is operating in the mixed combustion mode, the control unit 16 performs feedback control, for example, PID control on an injection amount of either the gaseous fuel or the liquid fuel, thereby regulating the speed of the engine 1, that is, keeping the rotation speed thereof within a certain range. For example, in a case where the injection amount of the liquid fuel is relatively small, and the injection amount of the gaseous fuel is relatively large, the control unit 16 fixes the injection amount of the liquid fuel to a constant value or monotonically increases or monotonically decreases the injection amount of the liquid fuel and regulates the speed of the engine 1 by feedback-controlling the injection amount of the gaseous fuel.
Thereafter, at the time T1, the control unit 16 monotonically decreases the injection amount of the liquid fuel and then fixes the injection amount to a constant value that is set according to the engine load or the like. After the time T1, the control unit 16 switches to regulate the speed of the engine 1 by feedback-controlling the injection amount of the gaseous fuel. That is, the control unit 16 controls the operation of the gas injector 8 or the like such that the rotation speed of the engine 1 matches with the target value. Therefore, the injection amount of the gaseous fuel increases by a predetermined amount as the heat generation amount of the liquid fuel decreases as shown in
Meanwhile, in a case where the injection amount of the liquid fuel is relatively large, and the injection amount of the gaseous fuel is relatively small, the control unit 16 fixes the injection amount of the gaseous fuel to a constant value or monotonically increases or monotonically decreases the injection amount of the gaseous fuel and regulates the speed of the engine 1 by feedback-controlling the injection amount of the liquid fuel.
As described above, the speed of the engine 1 is regulated by feedback-controlling the injection amount of the liquid fuel in the mixed combustion mode, which makes it possible to stably control the engine 1. More specifically, when a gaseous fuel is newly injected into the gaseous fuel tank 11 of
In a case where the engine 1 is operating in the mixed combustion mode, the control unit 16 performs mixed combustion rate calculation processing for the purpose of controlling the operation of each unit.
Heat generation amount of gaseous fuel=Total heat generation amount−Heat generation amount of liquid fuel Equation (1)
Mixed combustion rate=Heat generation amount of gaseous fuel/Total heat generation amount Equation (2)
Then, the control unit 16 controls the operations of the pilot fuel injection valve 10 and the air supply pressure adjusting means 9 in
The control unit 16 can automatically adjust the mixed combustion rate by adjusting the injection amount of the gas injector 8 or the like in accordance with the load of the engine 1 or the like. The mixed combustion rate can also be adjusted by the user via the operation unit 15.
While the engine 1 is operating in the mixed combustion mode, the control unit 16 performs diesel mode switching processing for the purpose of stable speed regulation control. More specifically, when the properties and supply of the gaseous fuel are unstable, and the heat generation amount thereof is also unstable as described above, if the injection amount of the gaseous fuel increases, whereas the injection amount of the liquid fuel decreases, the speed of the engine 1 operating with a large amount of unstable gaseous fuel cannot be stably regulated by using a small amount of the liquid fuel. Therefore, the control unit 16 determines in advance a threshold A of the output value of the diesel governor 6 that can control the speed regulation by using the liquid fuel. Then, in a case where the output value of the diesel governor 6 is smaller than the threshold A, the control unit 16 switches the operation mode of the engine 1 from the mixed combustion mode to the diesel mode.
While the engine 1 is operating in the mixed combustion mode, the control unit 16 performs gas mode switching processing in response to a command from the user, the engine load, or the like.
However, the speed regulation of the engine 1 using the gaseous fuel is generally performed along with adjustment of a flow rate of the gaseous fuel and adjustment of the flow rate and pressure of air and thus tends to have poor responsiveness and be delayed, as compared with the speed regulation of the engine 1 using the liquid fuel. Therefore, as indicated by a solid line in
Meanwhile, when it is determined that the mixed combustion rate is larger than the threshold C in S13 (S13: Yes), the control unit 16 fixes the injection amount of the liquid fuel to a constant value (S14) and starts the speed regulation of the engine 1 by feedback-controlling the injection amount of the gaseous fuel (S15). Next, the control unit 16 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the speed regulation in S15 (S16). As a result, when it is determined that the predetermined time has not elapsed yet (S16: No), the control unit 16 returns to S15 and waits until the predetermined time elapses. Meanwhile, when it is determined that the predetermined time has elapsed in S15 (S16: Yes), the control unit 16 sets the injection amount of the liquid fuel to zero (S17), that is, switches the operation mode of the engine 1 from the mixed combustion mode to the gas mode. Note that the order of the processing in S14 and S15 can be changed.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-047744 filed in Japan on Mar. 22, 2021. The contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention is particularly useful when a gaseous fuel is newly injected into the gaseous fuel tank 11 or when the remaining amount in the gaseous fuel tank 11 decreases.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2021-047744 | Mar 2021 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/004373 | 2/4/2022 | WO |