The invention relates to the technical field of mitochondria, in particular to engineering mitochondria and a preparation method thereof.
Mitochondria are organelles that provide energy in cells, supplying 90% of ATP in human cells and regulating cell apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction will cause ATP synthesis disorder, leading to inadequate energy supply to the cells and giving rise to a range of diseases.
Currently, biologically active free mitochondria can be separated and extracted from cells or tissue, which can be administered intravenously or locally, enabling targeted delivery of exogenous mitochondria to an affected site to replace damaged mitochondria, and these exogenous mitochondria are able to restore normal mitochondrial function within the body, so as to effectively treat mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
However, biologically active free mitochondria separated and extracted from cells or tissue are extremely unstable, and will soon lose their normal biological activity. Moreover, they lack targeted effects on affected tissue, which results in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes for mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
The first object of the invention is to provide a preparation method of engineered mitochondria. The invention enables the production of engineered mitochondria with enhanced biological activity, exhibiting improved therapeutic effects on mitochondrial dysfunction-related disorders.
The second object of the invention is to provide engineered mitochondria, which are prepared by the preparation method and have high biological activity and good therapeutic effects on mitochondrial dysfunction-related disorders.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
Engineered mitochondria are formed by attaching exogenous cell membranes to outer membranes of exogenous mitochondria.
Normal mitochondria exist in the matrix of cells and are adapted to a membranous environment. In this invention, exogenous cell membranes are attached to outer membranes of exogenous mitochondria, providing a membrane-like environment for exposed exogenous mitochondria and thereby stabilizing the biological activity of the exogenous mitochondria.
Further, the exogenous cell membrane is extracted and prepared from any one of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes or tumor cells.
Further, the exogenous mitochondria are separated from cells or tissue.
Further, the tissue is selected from any one of myocardial tissue, liver tissue, brain tissue, muscle tissue, blood or interstitial fluid.
A preparation method of the engineered mitochondria comprises the following steps:
Further, in S1, cells are extracted from tissue using a kit, then the cells are broken by a mechanical method, and the exogenous cell membranes are obtained after freeze-drying.
Further, in S2, cells or tissue is used to separate and extract the exogenous mitochondria through a cell mitochondrial isolation kit.
Further, in S3, the exogenous mitochondria and the exogenous cell membranes are mixed according to a protein mass ratio of 1:1-1:4.
The exogenous cell membranes are effectively attached to the outer membranes of the exogenous mitochondria, creating a membrane-like environment outside the exogenous mitochondria to enhance biological activity.
Further, in S3, the exogenous mitochondria and the exogenous cell membranes are mixed in a specific ratio in an appropriate amount of 0.01 M PBS solution; the mixture is subjected to 2-5 minutes of ultrasonication in a water bath at 4° C., followed by centrifugation at 3500 g for 10-15 minutes; a supernatant is discarded, and washing and precipitation are conducted 2-3 times with the 0.01 M PBS solution to remove unattached exogenous cell membranes; finally, centrifugation is conducted at 3500 g for 10-15 minutes at 4° C. to obtain the engineered mitochondria.
Further, C57BL/6J mice are used to extract the exogenous cell membranes and the exogenous mitochondria in S1 and S2.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:
According to the invention, the engineered mitochondria are prepared by attaching the exogenous cell membranes to the outer membranes of the biologically active exogenous mitochondria which are obtained by separation and extraction, so that the engineered mitochondria have higher biological activity than naked exogenous mitochondria, and the therapeutic effects on mitochondrial dysfunction-related disorders are better.
In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the invention more clear, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be described clearly and completely below. If no specific conditions are indicated in the embodiments, conventional conditions or the conditions suggested by the manufacturer are adopted. Reagents or instruments not marked with manufacturers are conventional products that are available in the market.
Engineered mitochondria and a preparation method thereof provided by the embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below.
This embodiment provides engineered mitochondria which are formed by attaching exogenous cell membranes to outer membranes of exogenous mitochondria.
This embodiment provides a preparation method of the engineered mitochondria, which comprises the following steps:
This embodiment provides engineered mitochondria which are formed by attaching exogenous cell membranes to outer membranes of exogenous mitochondria.
This embodiment provides a preparation method of the engineered mitochondria, which comprises the following steps:
This embodiment provides engineered mitochondria which are formed by attaching exogenous cell membranes to outer membranes of exogenous mitochondria.
This embodiment provides a preparation method of the engineered mitochondria, which comprises the following steps:
The Zeta potential and particle size of the free neutrophil membrane fragments (NEM), the exogenous mitochondria (Mito) and the engineered mitochondria (NEM-Mito) obtained in Embodiment 1 were measured, and were imaged using TEM, as shown in
As can be seen from
The ATP level of the engineered mitochondria (NEM-Mito) and the exogenous mitochondria (Mito) obtained in Embodiment 1 were tested using a Beyotime enhanced ATP assay kit, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was tested using a Beyotime mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit (JC-1). The results are shown in
As can be seen from
1. Establish L02 Cell Model with Mitochondrial Dysfunction
(1) Experimental L02 cells: A 1640 culture solution containing 10% serum was used for culture in a culture bottle, and subculture was conducted in a 37° C. sterile constant-temperature incubator containing 5% CO2.
(2) Preparation of paracetamol (APAP) solution: APAP powder was fully dissolved in a 1640 culture solution containing 0.125% DMSO and 1% serum, and then prepared into an APAP solution with a certain concentration.
(3) Establishment of L02 cell model with mitochondrial dysfunction: After digesting an L02 cell suspension in the logarithmic phase, a six-well plate was used for inoculation, 2 ml in each well, the density of L02 cells was adjusted to 5×103 cells/well, culture was conducted in a 37° C. sterile constant-temperature incubator containing 5% CO2 for 24 h until the well bottom of the six-well plate was covered with a cell monolayer, and then the upper layer of culture solution was sucked out; and the APAP solution was added to the wells, making the final concentration of APAP in the culture solution 10 mM, and culture was conducted in a 37° C. sterile constant-temperature incubator containing 5% CO2 for 24 h, inducing the mitochondrial dysfunction of the L02 cells, increasing the release of ALT, AST and ROS, and decreasing the ATP and MMP levels.
2. Cell Experiment In Vitro
2 ml of exogenous mitochondria (Mito) and 2 ml of engineered mitochondria (NEM-Mito) obtained in Embodiment 1 with concentration gradients of 6.25 μg/ml, 12.5 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml were added to the L02 cell model with mitochondrial dysfunction in each well of a six-well plate, and three replicate wells were set for each concentration gradient; a blank group was set as 2 ml of 1640 culture solution containing 1% serum being added to normal L02 cells in each well of a six-well plate; and both groups were incubated in a 37° C. sterile constant-temperature incubator containing 5% CO 2 for 24 h.
After incubation for 24 h, the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in a cell supernatant were tested using a biochemical analyzer, and the results are shown in
It can be seen from
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1. Establish Mouse Model with Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Liver Cells
(1) Experimental mice: Kunming mice, random allocation of males and females, 4-5 weeks old, weighing 18-22 g, leisurely grazing.
(2) Preparation of paracetamol (APAP) solution: APAP powder was thoroughly mixed with physiological saline, and then an equal volume of PEG400 was added to make a 400 mg/kg APAP solution.
(3) Establishment of a mouse model with mitochondrial dysfunction in liver cells: The mice were intraperitoneally injected with a one-time dose of 400 mg/kg APAP solution, at a dosage of 10 ml/kg; and the modeling time was 24 h, which induced elevated AST and ALT levels in mouse serum, mitochondrial dysfunction in liver cells, and hepatocyte rupture and apoptosis.
2. In Vivo Experiment with Mice
The exogenous Mito and NEM-Mito obtained in Embodiment 1 were prepared in physiological saline and PEG400 in a volume ratio of 1:1 to a concentration of 100 μg/mL; this solution was administered through tail vein injection to mice models with mitochondrial dysfunction in liver cells, at a dose of 10 mL/kg; a blank group was set as healthy Kunming mice receiving a mixture of physiological saline and PEG400 in a volume ratio of 1:1 through intravenous injection, also at a dose of 10 mL/kg; and each group consisted of 7 parallel sets.
The mice were killed 24 h after administration, the levels of AST and ALT in the serum were measured using a biochemical analyzer, and the results are shown in
A separate group of experimental mice were used to prepare pathological sections from liver tissue. The results are shown in
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In summary, the engineered mitochondria (NEM-Mito) produced by this application have high biological activity and have good therapeutic effects on mitochondrial dysfunction.
The above embodiments are only preferred ones of the invention, and are not used to limit the invention. For those skilled in the art, the invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the protection scope of the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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202110454259.3 | Apr 2021 | CN | national |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | PCT/CN2022/087837 | Apr 2022 | US |
Child | 18490773 | US |